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Overview |
Main identification features
- body very elongate; short spear
- dorsal fin height = body height
- pectoral short
Body very elongate; bill very short, usually less than 15% of total length; high front dorsal rays form triangular peak, most of remaining part of fin relatively high; height of anterior lobe of first dorsal fin exceeding greatest body depth; first dorsal fin rays 45-50; second dorsal fin rays 6-7; first anal fin rays 12-15; second anal fin rays 6-8; pectoral rays 17-19, fin short; pelvic fins slender, filamentous, about twice the length of the pectorals.
Dark blue dorsally, blue blotched with brown laterally, and silvery white ventrally, without dots or bars; first dorsal fin dark blue; remaining fins dark brown.
Size: to 240 cm; and at least 33.8 kg..
Habitat: oceanic, pelagic.
Depth: 0-1830 m.
Tropical and temperate Indo-Pacific, entering eastern Atlantic (via Cape of Good Hope) but not spawning there. California to the mouth of the Gulf of California to Peru and the oceanic islands.
Attributes
Abundance: Common.
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo); South Temperate (Peruvian Province ); North Temperate (Californian Province &/or Northern Gulf of California); Northern Subtropical (Cortez Province + Sinaloan Gap); Northern Tropical (Mexican Province to Nicaragua + Revillagigedos).
Depth Range Max: 1830 m.
Depth Range Min: 0 m.
Diet: bony fishes; octopus/squid/cuttlefish; Pelagic crustacea.
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=50; Southern limit=-30; Western limit=-126; Eastern limit=-71; Latitudinal range=80; Longitudinal range=55.
Egg Type: Pelagic; Pelagic larva.
Feeding Group: Carnivore.
FishBase Habitat: Pelagic.
Global Endemism: All Pacific (West + Central + East); Indo-Pacific only (Indian + Pacific Oceans); TEP non-endemic; "Transpacific" (East + Central &/or West Pacific); All species.
Habitat: Water column.
Inshore Offshore: Offshore; Offshore Only.
IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed.
Length Max: 240 cm.
Regional Endemism: Island (s); Continent; Continent + Island (s); Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) non-endemic; Eastern Pacific non-endemic; All species.
Residency: Resident.
Salinity: Marine; Marine Only.
Water Column Position: Mid Water; Near Surface; Surface; Water column only;
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Names |
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Links to other sites |
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References |
- Briggs, J.C., 1960., Fishes of worldwide (circumtropical) distribution., Copeia, 1960:171-180.
- Béarez, P., 1996., Lista de los Peces Marinos del Ecuador Continental., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 44:731-741.
- Castro-Aguirre, J.L. and Balart, E.F., 2002., La ictiofauna de las islas Revillagigedos y sus relaciones zoogeograficas, con comentarios acerca de su origen y evolucion. En: Lozano-Vilano, M. L. (Ed.). Libro Jubilar en Honor al Dr. Salvador Contreras Balderas., Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León:153-170.
- Eschmeyer , W. N. , Herald , E. S. and Hamman, H., 1983., A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America from the Gulf of Alaska to Baja California. Peterson Field Guide Ser. 28., Houghton Mifflin:336pp.
- Findley, L.T., Hendrickx, M.E., Brusca, R.C., van der Heiden, A.M., Hastings, P.A., Torre, J., 2003., Diversidad de la Macrofauna Marina del Golfo de California, Mexico., CD-ROM versión 1.0. Projecto de la Macrofauna del Golfo . Derechos reservados de los autores y Conservación Internacional.
- Grove , J.S. and Lavenberg, R. J., 1997., The fishes of the Galápagos islands., Stanford University Press:863 pp.
- Jimenez-Prado, P., Béarez, P., 2004., Peces marinos del Ecuador continental / Marine fishes of continental Ecuador., SIMBIOE/NAZCA/IFEA tomo 1 y 2.
- Joseph , J. , Klawe , W. and Murphy, P., 1988., Tuna and Billfish - fish without a country., Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission:69.
- Lopez , M. I. and Bussing, W. A., 1982., Lista provisional de los peces marinos de la Costa Rica., Revista de Biologia Tropical, 30(1):5-26.
- Love, M.S., Mecklenburg, C.W., Mecklenburg, T.A., Thorsteinson, L.K., 2005., es of the West Coast and Alaska: a checklist of North Pacific and Artic Ocena species from Baja California to the Alaska-Yukon border., U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, 288pp.
- Nakamura,., 1985., Billfishes of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of marlins, sailfishes, spearfishes and swordfishes known to date. FAO species catalogue Vol. 5., FAO Fish. Synop. No 125, 125.
- Tanaka, S., 1915., Figures and descriptions of the fishes of Japan including Riukiu Islands, Bonin Islands, Formosa, Kurile Islands, Korea and southern Sakhalin., Fig. Descr. Fish. Japan, 19:319-342.
- Van der Heiden , A. M. and Findley, L. T., 1988., Lista de los peces marinos del sur de Sinaloa, México., Anales del Centro de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia de la Universidad Autonoma Nacional de Mexico, 15:209-224.
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Acknowledgements |
I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.
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&pull 20q v5.145 20180528: Error 301 Moved Permanently http://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/a3754644-f7ab-4a7e-9744-54b83f11c8b2 |
Following modified from Taiwan Biodiversity National Information Network
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&pull 20q v5.145 20180528: Error 301 Moved Permanently http://taibnet.sinica.edu.tw/eng/taibnet_species_detail.php?gen=Tetrapturus&spe=angustirostris |
Following modified from FishBase
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http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Tetrapturus&speciesname=angustirostris ---> http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Tetrapturus&speciesname=angustirostris http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Tetrapturus&speciesname=angustirostris ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Tetrapturus&speciesname=angustirostris https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Tetrapturus&speciesname=angustirostris ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/summary/Tetrapturus-angustirostris.html
Tetrapturus angustirostris, Shortbill spearfish : fisheries, gamefish
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Tetrapturus angustirostris
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Vidthayanon, C.
Teleostei (teleosts) >
Carangiformes
(Jacks) >
Istiophoridae
(Billfishes)
Etymology:
Tetrapturus:
Greek, tetra = four + Greek, pteron, fin, wing (Ref.
45335
)
.
More on author:
Tanaka
.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; pelagic-oceanic; oceanodromous (Ref.
51243
); depth range 0 - 1830 m (Ref.
86942
), usually 0 - 350 m (Ref.
89423
). Subtropical; 43°N - 56°S, 20°E - 68°W
Indian and Pacific: tropical and temperate waters. Although some stray individuals are found in the Atlantic Ocean, this species is believed to have its spawning grounds and principal populations only in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Highly migratory species.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: L
m
 
?
  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 230 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
9308
); common length : 190 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref.
9308
); max. published weight: 52.0 kg (Ref.
43
)
Dorsal
spines
(total): 0;
Dorsal
soft rays
(total): 51-57;
Anal
spines
: 0;
Anal
soft rays
: 18 - 23. Dark blue above, blue splattered with brown on the sides, silvery white below; 1st dorsal fin plain dark blue, other fins brown or dark brown; anal fin bases with tinges of silvery white.
Oceanic and epipelagic, found above the thermocline (Ref.
9308
). Feeds on fishes, cephalopods and crustaceans. Also caught as a by-catch of long lines with hooks intended for tuna. Marketed frozen and prepared as fish cakes and sashimi in Japan (Ref.
9308
). Also prepared as sausages.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity
|
Reproduction
|
Spawning
|
Eggs
|
Fecundity
|
Larvae
Spawning is believed to occur mainly during the winter months, especially in warm offshore currents with surface temperature of about 25°C.
Nakamura, I.
, 1985. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 5. Billfishes of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of marlins, sailfishes, spearfishes and swordfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(5):65p. Rome: FAO. (Ref.
43
)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref.
130435
)
Data deficient (DD)
; Date assessed:
15 November 2021
CITES
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201
): 13.9 - 28.8, mean 26.2 °C (based on 5116 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804
): PD
50
= 0.5630 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00457 (0.00227 - 0.00920), b=3.21 (3.03 - 3.39), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245
).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278
): 4.5 ±0.76 se; based on food items.
Resilience (Ref.
120179
): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Assuming tm=2-4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153
): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649
): Moderate vulnerability (45 of 100).
Price category (Ref.
80766
):
High
.
Nutrients (Ref.
124155
): Calcium = 35.6 [15.9, 65.1] mg/100g; Iron = 1.07 [0.56, 2.01] mg/100g; Protein = 19.6 [18.3, 20.8] %; Omega3 = 0.296 [0.155, 0.612] g/100g; Selenium = 69.5 [32.9, 148.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 5.16 [1.47, 18.59] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.345 [0.222, 0.536] mg/100g (wet weight);
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