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FishBase Names Scientific source: Integrated Taxonomic Information System Supported by National Biological Information Infrastructure National Science Foundation go to Discover Life's Facebook group Following modified from FishBase    Top | See original http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Torpedo&speciesname=torpedo ---> http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Torpedo&speciesname=torpedo http://192.134.151.83/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Torpedo&speciesname=torpedo ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Torpedo&speciesname=torpedo https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/Summary/speciesSummary.php?genusname=Torpedo&speciesname=torpedo ---> https://fishbase.mnhn.fr/summary/Torpedo-torpedo.html You can sponsor this page Common name (e.g. trout) contains begins with begins with ends with is Genus + Species (e.g. Gadus morhua) About this page More Info Plus d'info Mais info Languages Arabic Bahasa/Malay Bangla Chinese(Si) Chinese(Tr) Deutsch English Español Farsi Français Greek Hindi Italiano Japanese Lao Nederlands Português(Br) Português(Pt) Russian Swedish Thai Vietnamese User feedbacks Comments &   Corrections Fish Forum Guest Book Facebook Citation Uploads Attach website Upload photo Upload video Upload   references Fish Watcher Related species Species in    Torpedo Species in    Torpedinidae - Classification - Torpedinidae Torpediniformes Elasmobranchii Chordata Animalia Torpedo torpedo ( Linnaeus , 1758 ) Common torpedo Add your observation in Fish Watcher Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2100 This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. Torpedo torpedo   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS Upload your photos  and  videos Pictures | Videos | Google image Torpedo torpedo Picture by Wirtz, P. Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes( genus , species ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays) > Torpediniformes (Electric rays) > Torpedinidae (Electric rays) Etymology: Torpedo: Latin, torpere = be sluggish (Ref. 45335 ) . More on author: Linnaeus . Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology Marine; demersal; depth range 2 - 400 m (Ref. 4430 ), usually ? - 70 m (Ref. 27000 ). Deep-water; 48°N - 18°S, 19°W - 38°E (Ref. 114953 ) Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri Eastern Atlantic: southern Bay of Biscay and throughout the Mediterranean to Angola. Most common in tropical waters. Size / Weight / Age Maturity: L m   ?   range ? - ? cm Max length : 60.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 13417 ); 41.0 cm TL (female); common length : 30.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 13417 ); common length :39 cm TL (female) Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic) Found on soft bottoms, usually inshore but occasionally deeper. Feeds on small fishes and also benthic invertebrates. Ovoviviparous, with 3-21 in a litter (Ref. 12951 , Ref. 114953 ). Size at birth 9 cm (Ref. 12951 ). Capable of inflicting a severe shock of up to 200 volts. Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449 ). Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator : Carvalho, Marcelo | Collaborators Bauchot, M.-L. , 1987. Raies et autres batoides. p. 845-886. In W. Fischer, M.L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) Fiches FAO d'identificationpour les besoins de la pêche. (rev. 1). Mèditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche 37. Vol. II. Commission des Communautés Européennes and FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3261 ) IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 126983 )   Vulnerable (VU)  (A2bd); Date assessed: 04 August 2020 CITES Not Evaluated CMS (Ref. 116361 ) Not Evaluated Threat to humans Other (Ref. 4690 ) Human uses Fisheries: of no interest; aquarium: public aquariums FAO - Publication: search | FishSource | More information Countries FAO areas Ecosystems Occurrences Introductions Stocks Ecology Diet Food items Food consumption Ration Common names Synonyms Metabolism Predators Ecotoxicology Reproduction Maturity Spawning Spawning aggregation Fecundity Eggs Egg development Age/Size Growth Length-weight Length-length Length-frequencies Morphometrics Morphology Larvae Larval dynamics Recruitment Abundance BRUVS References Aquaculture Aquaculture profile Strains Genetics Allele frequencies Heritability Diseases Processing Nutrients Mass conversion Collaborators Pictures Stamps, Coins Misc. Sounds Ciguatera Speed Swim. type Gill area Otoliths Brains Vision Tools E-book | Field guide | Length-frequency wizard | Life-history tool | Point map | Classification Tree | Catch-MSY | Special reports Check for Aquarium maintenance | Check for Species Fact Sheets | Check for Aquaculture Fact Sheets Download XML Summary page | Point data | Common names | Photos Internet sources AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes : genus , species | DiscoverLife | DORIS | ECOTOX | FAO - Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genome , nucleotide | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | National databases | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | Public aquariums | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go , Search | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record Estimates based on models Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201 ): 13 - 20.9, mean 15.6 °C (based on 78 cells). Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804 ):  PD 50 = 0.5005   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01514 (0.01155 - 0.01983), b=2.95 (2.87 - 3.03), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245 ). Trophic level (Ref. 69278 ):  4.5   ±0.0 se; based on diet studies. Generation time: 10.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1 growth studies. Resilience (Ref. 120179 ):  Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (K=0.11). Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153 ):  High to very high vulnerability (65 of 100). Nutrients (Ref. 124155 ):  Calcium = 9.24 [1.57, 48.04] mg/100g; Iron = 0.362 [0.085, 1.136] mg/100g; Protein = 17.3 [12.8, 20.6] %; Omega3 = 0.419 [0.157, 0.972] g/100g; Selenium = 9.34 [2.94, 27.66] μg/100g; VitaminA = 20 [4, 94] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.311 [0.151, 0.581] mg/100g (wet weight); Comments & Corrections Back to Search Random Species Back to Top Accessed through: Not available FishBase mirror site : localhost Page last modified by : mrius-barile Updated: 2023-12-05 02:33:58 gmt FishBase | Search | All Living Things | Top © Designed by The Polistes Corporation