1. Wing number |
22, fore pair reduced to small clubs | 72, hind pair reduced to tiny clubs or absent | 214 | 20Absent |
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2. Wing shape |
20Broad, lacking a fringe of long hairs | 21Narrow, lacking a fringe of long hairs | 7Narrow, with a fringe of long hairs |
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3. Wing texture |
19Both pairs of wings membranous, of similar texture, covered in microscopic hairs | 4Forewings hard, opaque, forming close-fitting covers over abdomen | 10Forewings leathery, hind wings transparent |
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4. Wing development |
25Absent | 14Reduced to small pads that are not suitable for flight | 23Well developed, functional |
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5. Wing venation |
13With few cross veins and often with fewer longitudinal veins | 20With many veins and cross veins |
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6. Wing base |
22Normal, without fracture line | 6With fracture line |
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7. Forelegs |
6Armed with stout spines and modified for seizing prey | 1Foretarsi with basal segment swollen, containing silk glands | 30Not modified for siezing prey |
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8. Hind legs |
4Enlarged, modified for jumping | 30Normal, not modified for jumping |
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9. Tarsomere number |
61 | 122 | 123 | 84 | 175 |
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10. Pretarsus |
2With bladder-like swelling | 30With claws |
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11. Head shape |
4Bulbous regions between mouthparts and antennae | 7Drawn into a beak with mouthparts at apex | 30Normal, rounded |
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12. Antennae |
4Absent | 4Club-like or clavate | 1Elbowed or geniculate | 1Feather-like or plumose | 1Large segment bearing a bristle or aristate | 5Minute and bristle-like | 27Segments filiform | 13Segments moniliform |
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13. Compound eyes |
15Absent | 6Meeting in midline dorsally | 27Separated |
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14. Mouthparts |
15. Palps |
9Absent | 29Present |
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16. Body regions |
313 body regions | 5Body segmentation not apparent |
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17. Body shape |
8Broad and flattened | 3Laterally compressed | 15Long, elongate and stick-like | 27Not elongate, flattened or laterally compressed |
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18. Pronotum shape |
2Completely or almost completely covering head | 6Elongate, length at least 2 times width | 29Short and not covering head or sides of prothorax | 5With lobes descending over sides of prothorax |
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19. Abdominal base |
31Broadly attached to thorax | 2Constricted to a narrow waist flexibly hinged to body |
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20. Cerci |
17Absent | 10Elongate with more than 2 segments | 14Short with 1 or 2 segments |
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21. Abdominal apex |
26Simple, without long filaments, jumping organ or forceps | 10With 2 long filaments | 4With 3 long filaments | 1With a forked jumping organ | 6With a single long filament | 4With hardened forceps |
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