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Andrena phaceliae Mitchell, 1960
Andrena (Thysandrena) phaceliae Mitchell, 1960; Andrena (Euandrena) phaceliae Mitchell, 1960

Life   Insecta   Hymenoptera   Apoidea   Andrenidae   Andrena
Subgenus: Ptilandrena



Andrena phaceliae, female, face
Smithsonian Institution, Entomology Department · 9
Andrena phaceliae, female, face

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Andrena phaceliae, female, side
Smithsonian Institution, Entomology Department · 9
Andrena phaceliae, female, side
Andrena phaceliae, female, top
Smithsonian Institution, Entomology Department · 9
Andrena phaceliae, female, top

Andrena phaceliae, female, wing
Smithsonian Institution, Entomology Department · 9
Andrena phaceliae, female, wing
Andrena phaceliae, F on Phacelia --
Michael Veit · 6
Andrena phaceliae, F on Phacelia --

Andrena phaceliae, F on Phacelia --
Michael Veit · 6
Andrena phaceliae, F on Phacelia --
Andrena phaceliae, F on Phacelia --
Michael Veit · 6
Andrena phaceliae, F on Phacelia --

Andrena phaceliae, figure44a
Mitchell, Bees of the Eastern United States, Vol. I, 1960 · 1
Andrena phaceliae, figure44a
Andrena phaceliae, figure45c
Mitchell, Bees of the Eastern United States, Vol. I, 1960 · 1
Andrena phaceliae, figure45c

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Andrena phaceliae – A medium vernal bee that specializes on Phacelia and Geranium and is collected April through June. Females are noted for narrow but dull galea, narrow facial fovea, hind tibia wide with short scopal hairs, and overall dull tergites.

Overview
Reprinted with permission of the American Entomological Society from: LaBerge, W. E. 1977. A revision of the bees of the genus Andrena of the Western Hemisphere. Part VIII. Subgenera Thysandrena, Dasyandrena, Psammandrena, Rhacandrena, Euandrena, Oxyandrena. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 103: 1-144.

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This relatively rare species is unique among the Euandrena in having broad, cuneate hind tibiae provided with relatively short simple scopal hairs in the female. This character is essentially identical with the condition found in Scaphandrena, some Simandrena and some Micrandrena. Other Euandrena, such as A. caerulea and A. polemonii, have the cuneate tibiae but these are provided with plumose scopal hairs. The male clypeus is black, as in all Euandrena, and the galeae of both sexes are acute and narrow, although not as narrow and long as in geranii.

FEMALE. MEASUREMENTS AND RATIOS. N = 20; length, 7-9 mm; width, 2-3 mm; wing length, M = 3.12 0.151 mm; FL/FW, M = 1.04 0.004 FOVL/FOVW, M = 3.94 0.046.

INTEGUMENTAL COLOR. Black except as follows: mandible with apical half to one-third rufescent; flagellum below dark reddish-brown; tegula dark rufescent; wing membrane hyaline, faintly infumate, veins dark reddish-brown to brown; metasomal terga narrowly hyaline apically; sterna with apical areas hyaline; tibial spurs testaceous.

STRUCTURE. Antennal scape length equals first three and one-half flagellar segments or slightly more; flagellar segment 1 equal in length to segments 2 plus 3 plus one-third of 4; segment 2 about as long as 3, shorter than 4 and shorter than broad; segments 4-9 quadrate. Eyes, malar space and mandible as in geranii. Galea acute, narrow with apicolateral margin straight, exceeded by maxillary palpus by last two palpal segments; surface dulled by fine regular tessellation. Maxillary palpus as in algida but segmental ratio about as 1.0:0.7:0.7:0.6:0.6. Labial palpus as in algida but ratio about as 1.0:0.7:0.6:0.7. Labral process large, entire, flat, rounded apically, slightly dulled mediobasally; labrum below process without cristae. Clypeus rounded from side to side, with small round punctures separated by half to one puncture width or slightly more, without median line, punctures evident only in apical half, basally obscured by shagreening; surface dulled by coarse reticular shagreening. Supraclypeal area dull, finely and densely punctate. Genal area about as broad as eye in profile; dulled by reticular shagreening and minute punctures. Vertex above lateral ocellus equal to about one ocellar diameter or slightly less, surface dulled by fine punctures and fine tessellation. Facial fovea narrow, extending down to about a line at lower margins of antennal fossae, separated from lateral ocellus by almost one ocellar diameter (about as 5:6). Face above antennal fossae with fine longitudinal rugulae and obscure interrugal punctures.

Pronotum dulled by fine reticular tessellation. Mesoscutum with small round punctures separated by one to two puncture widths or more, surface dulled by fine tessellation. Scutellum similar but slightly shinier. Metanotum opaque, finely punctate and tessellate. Propodeum with dorsal enclosure dulled by fine tessellation, basally irregularly and finely punctatorugose dorsal area outside of enclosure and posterior surface roughened by distinct punctures and fine tessellation. Lateral surface tessellate with scattered piliferous punctures. Mesepisternum dulled by coarse tessellation and obscure shallow punctures. Pterostigma broad; vein 1st m-cu meets second submarginal cell near middle of cell (slightly before or slightly beyond middle in some specimens); hind wing with vannal lobe broad, long.

Metasomal tergum 1 with small irregularly spaced punctures mostly separated by one to two or three puncture widths; apical area impunctate surface moderately shiny to dull, reticulotransversely shagreened. Terga 2-4 similar to tergum 1 but punctures less distinct except near apical areas and shagreening usually more coarse; apical areas often shinier than discs, shagreening less coarse. Pygidial plate V-shaped with broadly rounded apex; internal raised triangle not evident. Sterna 2-5 with narrow apical areas impunctate, disc with crowded punctures except in basal thirds; surfaces dulled by fine reticular shagreening.

VESTITURE. Generally white to pale ochraceous except as follows dorsum of thorax usually dark ochraceous; terga 5 and 6 brown; basitibial plate and below dark brown; hind tarsi ochraceous to brown; fore and middle tarsi brown; outer surface middle tibia light brown. Vestiture generally sparse, clypeal hairs sparse, plumose; thoracic hairs erect, sparse, moderately long; terga 1-5 with weak apical pale fasciae of long suberect to decumbent pale hairs, that of tergum 1 extremely weak; discs of terga with abundant erect pale hairs. Pollen-collecting hairs normal for Euandrena except as follows: scopal hairs of hind tibia simple, short except along anterior margin; trochanteral flocculus incomplete basally; hind femora with dorsal hairs simple to weakly plumose, long.

MALE. MEASUREMENTS AND RATIOS. N = 10; length, 6-8 mm; width,; 1.5-2.0 mm; wing length, M = 2.53 0.242 mm; FL/FW, M = 1.09 0.008; FS1/FS2, M = 1.24 0.039.

INTEGUMENTAL COLOR. Generally black with some exceptions as in female but mandible with apical one-fourth or less rufescent and wing veins dark red to dark reddish-brown.

STRUCTURE. Antenna in repose reaching back to posterior margin of metanotum; scape length equal to first two and one-fourth flagellar segments or slightly more; flagellar segment 1 about equal in length to segment 3 and longer than 2, segment 2 quadrate or shorter than broad, remaining segments longer than broad. Eyes each about three and one-half times as long as broad, inner margins converging moderately towards mandibles. Mandible, malar space and galea as in female. Maxillary palpus as in female but segmental ratio about as 1.0:0.8:0.7:0.7:0.7:0.7. Labial palpus as in female but ratio about as 1.0:0.5:0.5:0.5. Labral process large, slightly reflexed, gently emarginate apically, shiny; surface below process shiny, without cristae. Clypeus as in female but punctures less obscured especially in apical half to two-thirds. Supraclypeal area, genal area, vertex and face as in female.

Thoracic form and sculpturing as in female except propodeal enclosure slightly more coarsely punctatorugose and propodeal surfaces outside of enclosure more coarsely punctate, often punctatorugose. Wing venation as in female.

Metasomal terga 1-5 as in female terga 1-4 but apical areas usually shiny, feebly shagreened and discs often shiny at least in apical halves. Sterna 2-5 with broad apical areas impunctate; discs sparsely punctate surfaces reticularly shagreened. Sternum 6 flat, emarginate apically. Terminalia as in Figures 104-108.

VESTITURE. Generally white or pale ochraceous but inner surfaces tarsi pale yellow. Hair form and distribution much as in female but pollen-collecting hairs absent, terga 1-5 with pale fasciae as in female terga 1-4 and sterna without subapical fimbriae.




Reprinted with permission from: Mitchell, T.B. 1960. Bees of the Eastern United States. North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin No. 141.



FEMALE. Length 8 mm.; face slightly longer than distance between eyes; eyes about parallel; foveae narrow, occupying about half of space between eyes and ocelli above (as in algida, fig. 43) covered with pale creamy tomentum; lateral ocelli separated from margin of vertex by about their own diameter; cheeks and eyes subequal in width; clypeus broadly convex, protruding only slightly below suborbital line, rather dull, punctures rather shallow, evenly distributed, separated by two or three times their own diameter, becoming closer and finer but quite obscure at extreme lateral angles; face below ocelli dull, finely striate, vertex dull, without evident punctures, cheeks smooth but rather dull and impunctate; malar space hardly evident; process of labrum rather large, broadly and evenly rounded, median length about half basal width; basal segment of flagellum not quite equaling segments 2 and 3 combined, these fully as long as broad, the more apical segments slightly longer than broad; pubescence of entire head and thorax greyish, quite dense, elongate and erect; scutum and scutellum rather dull, punctures shallow, rather fine, well separated even anteriorly, those on scutellum quite similar to those on scutum; pleura smooth but quite densely tessellate; dorsal area of propodeum very finely but rather densely subrugose, lateral areas quite broad, dull and densely tessellate; propodeal corbicula rather well developed, dorsal hairs elongate, with scattered interior hairs and a rather distinct anterior fringe; trochanteral floccus short and incomplete; legs dark, pubescence entirely pale, basitarsi not much broadened, hind tibiae considerably broadened apically, scopal hairs short and dense, spurs pale yellowish; wings subhyaline, veins and stigma brownish-testaceous, 2nd submarginal cell slightly more than half length of 3rd, receiving 1st recurrent near middle; tegulae dark anteriorly but otherwise testaceous-hyaline; abdominal terga rather dull, with shallow and very minute but quite distinct punctures, these separated by slightly more than twice the puncture width, apical margins only slightly depressed, these areas somewhat more shining, slightly reddened and becoming hyaline along rims, punctures more distinct, discs with abundant, erect and rather elongate but very fine pubescence, this entirely pale, apical fasciae rather loose but evident on segments 2-4, apical fimbria somewhat brownish.



MALE. Length 6.5 mm.; face not much longer than distance between eyes; eyes subparallel; lateral ocelli separated from margin of vertex by about their own diameter; cheeks and eyes subequal in width; clypeus rather strongly convex, projecting about one-third below suborbital line, somewhat shining apically but dull along margins, punctures rather coarse but shallow, well separated medially but becoming quite close toward lateral angles; vertex and face below ocelli dull, densely tessellate, cheeks somewhat smoother but without evident punctures; malar space hardly evident; process of labrum rather broad, truncate apically, the truncation slightly longer than the oblique lateral margins; basal segment of flagellum slightly longer than segment 2, subequal to segment 3, this and following segments considerably longer than broad; mandibles quite short, reaching only slightly beyond midline of face, reddened apically, with a small, inner, subapical tooth; pubescence of head and thorax entirely whitish, quite dense and elongate but not hiding surface; scutum and scutellum rather dull, tessellate, punctures quite fine and obscure, irregularly scattered; pleura rather dull but smooth, densely tessellate; dorsal area of propodeum finely subrugose, lateral areas densely tessellate and dull; propodeal corbicula rather well developed; legs entirely dark, slender, pubescence entirely whitish, basitarsi slender and elongate, spurs ale yellowish; wings subhyaline, veins testaceous, stigma testaceous medially but with darkened margins, 2nd submarginal cell about half length of 3rd, receiving 1st recurrent near middle; tegulae dark anteriorly, otherwise yellowish-hyaline; abdominal terga rather dull, with fine and shallow but rather distinct punctures, these separated by about twice their own diameter, apical margins rather narrowly and shallowly impressed, these areas more shining, punctures more distinct, becoming narrowly hyaline along rims, discs of segments with rather short but erect and conspicuous, whitish pubescence, apical fasciae very loose and barely evident; sternum 7 quite narrowly produced medially, this area with a triangular, median emargination; basal portion of sternum 8 rather regularly rounded, apical portion narrow, subparallel-sided, apex truncate, covered with rather short pubescence; penis valves slender and elongate, not dilated basally, gonocoxites not appreciably dilated apically, reaching slightly beyond tips of penis valves, gonocoxal lobes very slightly produced.



TYPES - Holotype: Female, Plummers Island, Md., May 9, 1915 (J. C. Crawford, on Phacelia purshii) [U.S.N.M.]. Allotype: Male, topotypical [U.S.N.M.]. Paratypes: MARYLAND: 1 M, 2 FF, topotypical; 9 FF, Plummers Island, May 6, 8 and 10, 1914 (J. C. Crawford); 1 F, near Plummers Island, Apr. 25, 1915 (J. C. Crawford, on Alsine pubera); 1 F, near Plummers Island, May 27, 1917 (H. L. Viereck, on Phacelia purshii). ILLINOIS: 8 FF Grand Tower, May 9, 1902 (H. A. Gleason). VIRGINIA: 1 F, Great Falls, May 16, 1931 (Timberlake, on Phacelia dubia).



Paratypes are in the U. S. National Museum, in the collection of P. H. Timberlake, and in the author's collection.

Names
Scientific source:
Hosts · map
FamilyScientific name @ source (records)
G. cangialosi  1031 @ JRYB__SHEN (4)
Hydrophyllaceae  Phacelia sp @ BBSL (2)
J. rykken  623 @ JRYB__SHEN (1)
R. minor  808 @ JRYB__SHEN (1)

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