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Halictus ligatus Say, 1837
Halictus armaticeps Cresson, 1872; Halictus texanus Cresson, 1872; Halictus ornatipes Cresson, 1872; Halictus townsendi Cockerell, 1896; Odontalictus ligatus (Say, 1837); Sweat bee

Life   Insecta   Hymenoptera   Apoidea   Halictidae   Halictus
Subgenus: Odontalictus



Halictus ligatus, female abdoment
Deana M. Crumbling · 9
Halictus ligatus, female abdoment

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Halictus ligatus, female oblique side shot
Deana M. Crumbling · 9
Halictus ligatus, female oblique side shot

Halictus ligatus, propodeum dorsal
Deana M. Crumbling · 9
Halictus ligatus, propodeum dorsal

Halictus ligatus, female ocelli
Deana M. Crumbling · 9
Halictus ligatus, female ocelli

Halictus ligatus, female, pygidial area
Deana M. Crumbling · 9
Halictus ligatus, female, pygidial area

Halictus ligatus, propodeum scutellum2
Deana M. Crumbling · 9
Halictus ligatus, propodeum scutellum2

Halictus ligatus, female, scutum
Deana M. Crumbling · 9
Halictus ligatus, female, scutum

Halictus ligatus, female, tegula
Deana M. Crumbling · 9
Halictus ligatus, female, tegula

Halictus ligatus, male, ventral antennae
Deana M. Crumbling · 9
Halictus ligatus, male, ventral antennae

Halictus ligatus, male, pygidial plate
Deana M. Crumbling · 9
Halictus ligatus, male, pygidial plate

Halictus ligatus, male, propodeum
Deana M. Crumbling · 9
Halictus ligatus, male, propodeum

Halictus ligatus
© Copyright Hadel Go 2014-2015 · 8
Halictus ligatus

Halictus ligatus
© Copyright Hadel Go 2014-2015 · 8
Halictus ligatus

Halictus ligatus FEM mm .x f
© Copyright Laurence Packer 2014 · 7
Halictus ligatus FEM mm .x f

Halictus ligatus MALE CFP f
© Copyright Laurence Packer 2014 · 7
Halictus ligatus MALE CFP f

Halictus ligatus, ligated sweat bee
© Copyright John Ascher, 2006-2014 · 6
Halictus ligatus, ligated sweat bee

Halictus ligatus, ligated sweat bee
© Copyright John Ascher, 2006-2014 · 6
Halictus ligatus, ligated sweat bee

Halictus ligatus, ligated sweat bee
© Copyright John Ascher, 2006-2014 · 6
Halictus ligatus, ligated sweat bee

Halictus ligatus, f on Asclepias --
Michael Veit · 6
Halictus ligatus, f on Asclepias --

Halictus ligatus, f on Hypochoer --
Michael Veit · 6
Halictus ligatus, f on Hypochoer --

95.Halictus ligatus, _female, _side.mv.320.jpg
© Photographer/source
95
Halictus ligatus, female, side mv

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Overview
FEMALE Length 8-10 mm.; entirely black; pubescence yellowish-white above, becoming more whitish below; head much broader than long; eyes parallel; cheeks much broader than eyes, terminating below with a prominent tubercle or angle; distance betwei1ral ocelli about half that between ocelli and eyes, this space subequal to that between ocelli and margin of vertex; punctures fine but deep and distinct, close on upper portion of face and dorsum of thorax, becoming quite sparse on lower portion of face and clypeus, more indistinct on cheeks below, pleura more striate than punctate; dorsal area of propodeum not sharply defined, very finely striate laterally, becoming more rugose medially; wings subhyaline, veins and stigma yellowish; tegulae more coppery; hind basitibial plate pointed apically; abdominal terga minutely and closely punctate, with entire, whitish, apical fasciae, these very narrow and inconspicuous on 1st and 2nd. terga.

MALE Length 7-9 mm.; black, with mandibles, labrum and apical half clypeus yellow, flagellum testaceous beneath, tegulae yellowish; length of head equal to its breadth; clypeus projecting only slightly below suborbital line; eyes very slightly convergent below; cheeks subequal to eyes in width; lateral ocelli slightly nearer margin of vertex than to eyes; basal segment of flagellum nearly equalling segment 2 in length; punctures deep and distinct but fine and close on head and dorsum of thorax, pleura more rugoso-striate; dorsal area of propodeum rather poorly defined, finely striate laterally, becoming very finely rugose medially; wings subhyaline, veins and stigma more ferruginous; basal portion of legs black, but tibiae ferruginous, with an outer yellowish stripe, tarsi entirely yellow; abdominal terga minutely and rather closely punctate, apical margins reddish-hyaline; apical abdominal fasciae whitish; apical margin of sternum 5 straight, sternum 6 broadly rounded; gonostyli relatively simple, subdivided apically into a rather narrow, rounded, outer lobe and a more broadly rounded, inner lobe which is fringed with hairs.

DISTRIBUTION Country-wide, from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and from southern Canada to the Gulf of Mexico, throughout the year, including December, January and February in Florida.

Identification
Extracted from: Robertson, C. (1897). North American Bees - Description and Synonyms. Transactions of the Academy of Science od St. Louis. Vol. 7. No. 14.

This is a common, widely distributed and variable species. I have examined specimens ft'om Ct., N. Y., Va., Fla., Cuha, Tenn., Ill., l\lontana, 'Yasll., Cal., So. Cal. Local specimens yary in length, in the females from 7 to 11 mOl., in the males from 6 to 10 mm. The wings are more or less hyaline. Local males have the legs as in Say's description with the middle and hind tibiae spotted, or these parts may be wh.olly yellow, and even the femora almost entirely so.

Extracted from: Mitchell, T. 1962. Bees of the Eastern United States, I. North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station. 1-191.

FEMALE-Length 8-10 mm. ; entirely black; pubescence yellowish-white above, becoming more whitish below; head much broader than long; eyes parallel; cheeks much broader than eyes, terminating below with a prominent tubercle or angle; distance between lateral ocelli about half that between ocelli and eyes, this space subequal to that between ocelli and margin of vertex; punctures fine but deep and distinct, close on upper portion of face and dorsum of thorax, becoming quite sparse on lower portion of face and clypeus, more indistinct on cheeks below, pleura more striate than punctate; dorsal area of propodeum not sharply defined, very finely striate labrally, becoming more rugose medially; wings subhyaline, veins and stigma yellowish; tegulae more coppery; hind basitibial plate pointed apically; abdominal terga minutely and closely punctate, with entire, whitish, apical fasciae, these very narrow and inconspicuous on 1st and 2nd* terga.

MALE-Length 7-9 mm.; black, with mandibles, labrum and apical half of clypeus ~el; low, flagellum testaceous beneath, tegulae yelIowish; length of head equal to its breadth; clypeus projecting only slightly below suborbital line; eyes very slightly convergent below; cheeks subequal to eyes in width; lateral ocelli slightly nearer margin of vertex than to eyes; basal segment of flagellum nearly equalling segment 2 in length; punctures deep and distinct but fine and close on head and dorsum of thorax, pleura more rugoso-striate; dorsal area of propodeum rather poorly defined, finely striate laterally, becoming very finely rugose medially; wings subhyaline, veins and stigma more ferruginous ; basal portion of legs black, but tibiae ferruginous, with an outer yellowish stripe, tarsi entirely yellow; abdominal terga minutely and rather closely punctate, apical margins reddish-hyaline; apical abdominal fasciae whitish; apical margin of sternum 5 straight, sternum 6 broadly rounded; gonostyli relatively simple, subdivided apically into a rather narrow, rounded, outer lobe and a more broadly rounded, inner lobe which is fringed with hairs.

Distribution

Country-wide, from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and from southern Canada to the Gulf of Mexico, throughout the year, including December, January and February in Florida.

Flower Records

thaea, Antennaria, Aster, Barbarea, Berteroa, Bidens, Brassica, Ceanothus, Cephalanthus, Chrysanthemum, Chrysopsis, Cirsium, Elephantopus, Erigeron, Eryngium, Eupatorium, Fagopyrum, Flaveria, Fragaria, Geranium Haplopappus, Helenium, Helianthus, Houstonia, Melilotus, Monarda, Oenothera, Opuntia, Polygonum, Potentilla, Prunus, Pycnanthemum, Rhus, Rubus, Rudbeckia, Senecio, Solidago, Spiraea, Stokesia, Sw riana, Tanacetum, Taraxacum, Trifolium, Vernonia, and Zinnia. Robertson (1929) records this species (as Odontalictus ligatus) on the following additional genera: Achilles, Anthemis, Arctium, Asclepias, Blephilia, Boltonia, Braunia, Cacalia, Camassia, Capsella, Cardumine, Cicuta, Claytonia, Coreopsis, Cornus, Crataegus, Cryptotaenia, Dianthera, Dentaria, Gnaphalium, Hedeoma, Heliopsis, Hypoxis, Krigia, Lactuca, Lepachzjs, Lepidium, Lespedexa, Liatris, Lippia, Lud,wigia, Lzjcopus, Lythrum, Malva, Nelumbo, Nepeta, Oxalis, Parthenium, Petalostemon, Phytolacca, Polytaenia, Potentilla, Ptelea, Radicula, Ranunculus, Sagittaria, Salix, Scutellaria, Silphium, Sium, Stellaria, Taenidia, Valerianella, Verbena, Veronica, Zanthoxylum, and Zixia. This possibly is the most widely distributed and abundant of all native bees, and along with this wide distribution there is a wide range of variation, both in size and in the relative development of such structures as the genal protuberance. There seems to be no correlation, however, between extremes of variation and geographic or seasonal distribution, and it seems doubtful, therefore, that any logical division into races or subspecies can be achieved. One record is of interest, consisting of a series of 5 males collected at Princeton, Florida, December 18, 1955, by D. 0. Wolfenbarger. These were found in bagworm cases, and the possibility is suggested that they were hibernating as adults.

Names
Scientific source:
Hosts · map
FamilyScientific name @ source (records)
Aceraceae  Acer sp @ BBSL (1)
Adoxaceae  Viburnum wrightii @ AMNH_BEE (1)
Anacardiaceae  Rhus copallina @ UCMS_ENT (2)

Rhus typhina @ AMNH_BEE (2)
Apiaceae  Apium sp @ BBSL (1)

Daucus carota @ BBSL (1); AMNH_BEE (1); UCMS_ENT (2)

Daucus sp @ BBSL (2)

Eryngium heterophyllum @ AMNH_BEE (1)

Heracleum maximum @ AMNH_BEE (1)

Lomatium dissectum @ BBSL (1)

Pastinaca sativa @ BBSL (1); B_AW (2)
Apocynaceae  Asclepias syriaca @ AMNH_BEE (2)

Asclepias tuberosa @ AMNH_BEE (5)

Cynanchum laeve @ UCRC_ENT (1)
Asteraceae  Achillea millefolium @ PN- (3); BBSL (2); MLSB__N16- (2); B_AW (11); UCMS_ENT (23)

Achillea sp @ BBSL (8)

Achillea @ AMNH_BEE (1)

Agoseris sp @ BBSL (1)

Anaphalis margaritacea @ BBSL (1)

Anthemis cotula @ UCMS_ENT (5)

Arctotheca calendula @ BBSL (4)

Aster novae-angliae @ BBSL (7)

Aster sp @ BBSL (9); UCMS_ENT (1)

Aster @ AMNH_BEE (8); UCMS_ENT (6)

Baccharis glutinosa @ AMNH_BEE (20)

Baccharis salicina @ AMNH_BEE (2)

Baccharis @ AMNH_BEE (21)

Baileya multiradiata @ AMNH_BEE (2)

Baileya pleniradiata @ AMNH_BEE (1)

Baileya sp @ BBSL (13)

Baileya @ AMNH_BEE (3)

Balsamorhiza sagittata @ BBSL (1)

Bidens sp @ BBSL (3)

Carduus crispus @ BBSL__BBSLID (2)

Centaurea jacea @ AMNH_BEE (1)

Centromadia pungens @ UCRC_ENT (1)

Chaenactis douglasii @ BBSL (1)

Chrysanthemum frutescens @ BBSL (2)

Chrysothamnus nauseosus @ AMNH_BEE (5)

Chrysothamnus sp @ BBSL (12)

Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus @ BBSL (4)

Chrysothamnus @ AMNH_BEE (3)

Cichorium [duplicate] @ UCMS_ENT (1)

Cichorium [duplicate] @ UCMS_ENT (1)

Cichorium [duplicate] @ UCMS_ENT (1)

Cichorium [duplicate] @ UCMS_ENT (1)

Cichorium [duplicate] @ UCMS_ENT (1)

Cichorium intybus @ PN- (2); MLSB__N16- (3)

Cirsium arvense @ B_AW (5); UCMS_ENT (1)

Cirsium arvenses @ B_AW (1)

Cirsium horridulum @ UCMS_ENT (2)

Cirsium neomexicanum @ BBSL (1)

Cirsium sp @ BBSL (2); UCMS_ENT (1)

Cirsium undulatum @ AMNH_BEE (3)

Cirsium vulgare @ UCMS_ENT (7)

Cirsium @ UCMS_ENT (2)

Coreopsis grandiflora @ BBSL (1)

Coreopsis lanceolata @ MLSB__N16- (3); B_AW (3)

Coreopsis sp @ BBSL (1)

Echinacea pallida @ AMNH_BEE (3)

Echinacea purpurea @ B_AW (6)

Encelia farinosa @ BBSL__KWC (11)

Enceliopsis nudicaulis @ BBSL (2)

Engelmannia peristenia @ AMNH_BEE (3)

Ericameria nauseosa @ BBSL (9)

Erigeron glaucus @ BBSL (12)

Erigeron karvinskianus @ BBSL (8)

Erigeron philadelphicus @ AMNH_BEE (11)

Erigeron pumilus @ BBSL (2)

Erigeron sp @ BBSL (8); UCMS_ENT (4)

Erigeron @ UCMS_ENT (13)

Eupatorium maculatum @ AMNH_BEE (6)

Gaillardia aristata @ AMNH_BEE (1)

Gaillardia @ AMNH_BEE (5)

Grindelia sp @ BBSL (42)

Grindelia squarrosa @ BBSL (33); AMNH_BEE (30)

Grindelia @ AMNH_BEE (5)

Gutierrezia sarothrae @ BBSL (5)

Haplopappus sp @ BBSL (2)

Haplopappus spinulosus @ AMNH_BEE (5)

Helenium tenuifolium @ AMNH_BEE (2)

Helianthella uniflora @ BBSL (1)

Helianthus annuus @ BBSL (25); AMNH_BEE (13)

Helianthus anomalus @ BBSL (1)

Helianthus giganteus @ AMNH_BEE (1)

Helianthus maximiliani @ BBSL (6)

Helianthus petiolaris @ AMNH_BEE (2)

Helianthus sp @ BBSL (4)

Helianthus tuberosus @ AMNH_BEE (4)

Helianthus @ AMNH_BEE (17); UCRC_ENT (1)

Heliopsis helianthoides @ B_AW (3)

Heterotheca sp @ BBSL (4)

Heterotheca subaxillaris @ AMNH_BEE (2)

Heterotheca @ AMNH_BEE (1)

Hieracium @ UCMS_ENT (4)

Hymenopappus filifolius @ BBSL (2)

Hypochaeris radicata @ UCMS_ENT (13)

Isocoma @ AMNH_BEE (1)

Lactuca canadensis @ B_AW (1)

Lactuca pulchella @ AMNH_BEE (9)

Lactuca serriola @ B_AW (1)

Leucanthemum superbum @ B_AW (2)

Leucanthemum vulgare @ MLSB__N16- (1); UCMS_ENT (28)

Machaeranthera grindelioides @ BBSL (6)

Machaeranthera pinnatifida @ BBSL (1)

Machaeranthera sp @ BBSL (1)

Malacothrix fendleri @ AMNH_BEE (7)

Pectis @ AMNH_BEE (3)

Pityopsis falcata @ UCMS_ENT (2)

Pluchea odorata @ UCMS_ENT (11)

Ratibida columnifera @ AMNH_BEE (13); B_AW (5)

Ratibida pinnata @ MLSB__N16- (4); B_AW (16)

Rudbeckia hirta @ BBSL (3); B_AW (12); UCMS_ENT (1)

Rudbeckia serotina @ AMNH_BEE (1)

Rudbeckia triloba @ MLSB__N16- (2); B_AW (3)

Rudbeckia @ UCMS_ENT (2)

Senecio flaccidus @ AMNH_BEE (16)

Senecio streptanthifolius @ BBSL (2)

Solidago canadensis @ B_AW (1)

Solidago gigantea @ AMNH_BEE (1)

Solidago nemoralis @ UCMS_ENT (1)

Solidago rugosa @ BBSL (1); UCMS_ENT (6)

Solidago sempervirens @ UCMS_ENT (7)

Solidago sp @ BBSL (55); UCMS_ENT (13)

Solidago tenuifolia @ UCMS_ENT (5)

Solidago @ AMNH_BEE (9); UCMS_ENT (1)

Sonchus arvensis @ AMNH_BEE (5)

Sonchus spp @ PN- (1)

Symphyotrichum ericoides @ AMNH_BEE (3)

Symphyotrichum lanceolatum @ AMNH_BEE (1)

Symphyotrichum spp @ MLSB__N16- (2)

Tanacetum vulgare @ UCMS_ENT (34)

Taraxacum campylodes @ UCMS_ENT (4)

Taraxacum officinale @ AMNH_BEE (3)

Tetradymia comosa @ AMNH_BEE (2)

Tetradymia sp @ BBSL (1)

Tridax procumbens @ BBSL (2)

Verbesina encelioides @ AMNH_BEE (2)

Vernonia fasciculata @ AMNH_BEE (1)

Wyethia amplexicaulis @ BBSL (1)
Boraginaceae  Hackelia patens @ BBSL (3)

Heliotropium @ AMNH_BEE (1)
Brassicaceae  Barbarea vulgaris @ UCMS_ENT (3)

Brassica juncea @ AMNH_BEE (1)

Descurainia pinnata @ AMNH_BEE (1)

Isatis tinctoria @ BBSL (1)

Lepidium alyssoides @ AMNH_BEE (1)

Lepidium @ AMNH_BEE (2)

Lesquerella filiformis @ AMNH_BEE (3)

Stanleya pinnata @ BBSL (1)
Chenopodiaceae  Beta vulgaris @ BBSL (2)

Kochia prostrata @ BBSL (1)
Cleomaceae  Peritoma serrulata @ AMNH_BEE (1)
Clethraceae  Clethra alnifolia @ UCMS_ENT (1)
Commelinaceae  Commelina communis @ AMNH_BEE (1)
Convolvulaceae  Convolvulus arvensis @ BBSL (3)
Elaeagnaceae  Elaeagnus umbellata @ AMNH_BEE (1)
Euphorbiaceae  Croton sp @ BBSL (1)

Croton @ AMNH_BEE (2)

Euphorbia albomarginata @ AMNH_BEE (1)

Euphorbia sp @ AMNH_BEE (2)
Fabaceae  Astragalus sp @ BBSL (1)

Baptisia tinctoria @ AMNH_BEE (5)

Chamaecrista fasciculta @ B_AW (3)

Lotus sp @ BBSL (2)

Medicago sativa @ BBSL (7); AMNH_BEE (1)

Melilotus alba @ BBSL (1)

Melilotus officinalis @ BBSL (1); AMNH_BEE (59); UCMS_ENT (1)

Melilotus sp @ BBSL (3)

Melilotus @ UCRC_ENT (1)

Prosopis sp @ BBSL (1)

Prosopis @ AMNH_BEE (1)

Tephrosia virginiana @ AMNH_BEE (4)
Hydrophyllaceae  Phacelia heterophylla @ BBSL (1)

Phacelia linearis @ BBSL (1)

Phacelia sp @ BBSL (1)
Lamiaceae  Glechoma hederacea @ AMNH_BEE (1)

Monarda fistulosa @ B_AW (4)

Origanum rotundifolium @ BBSL (1)

Physostegia virginana @ B_AW (1)

Pycnanthemum tenuifolium @ AMNH_BEE (1)

Pycreus @ AMNH_BEE (1)

Salvia greggii @ BBSL (1)

Salvia victoria @ BBSL (2)
Liliaceae  Allium cepa @ BBSL (1)

Allium sp @ BBSL (3)

Asparagus officinalis @ BBSL (1)
Loasaceae  Cevallia sinuata @ AMNH_BEE (1)
Malvaceae  Gossypium sp @ BBSL (2)

Gossypium @ AMNH_BEE (1)

Sphaeralcea parvifolia @ BBSL (2)

Sphaeralcea sp @ BBSL (9)

Sphaeralcea @ AMNH_BEE (1)
Oleaceae  Ligustrum vulgare @ UCMS_ENT (1)
Onagraceae  Clarkia biloba @ AMNH_BEE (4)

Clarkia sp @ BBSL (2)
Papaveraceae  Argemone sp @ BBSL (5)
Polemoniaceae  Gilia sp @ BBSL (1)
Polycitoridae  Salix sp @ BBSL (2)
Polygonaceae  Persicaria bungeana @ UCMS_ENT (1)
Primulaceae  Lysimachia ciliata @ AMNH_BEE (6)

Lysimachia thyrsiflora @ BBSL (1)
Ranunculaceae  Ranunculus acris @ UCMS_ENT (2)

Ranunculus bulbosus @ UCMS_ENT (7)

Ranunculus sp @ UCMS_ENT (1)
Rosaceae  Fragaria sp @ BBSL (4)

Petrophyton caespitosum @ BBSL (1)

Potentilla @ AMNH_BEE (2)

Prunus maritima @ AMNH_BEE (10)

Rosa multiflora @ BBSL__BBSLID (4)

Rosa rugosa @ UCMS_ENT (2)

Rubus flagellaris @ UCMS_ENT (1)

Rubus @ UCMS_ENT (2)
Salicaceae  Salix humilis @ AMNH_BEE (5)

Salix @ AMNH_BEE (3)
Scrophulariaceae  Penstemon caryi @ BBSL (3)
Solanaceae  Chamaesaracha coronopus @ AMNH_BEE (1)

Physalis lobata @ AMNH_BEE (1)

Physalis @ AMNH_BEE (2)
Tamaricaceae  Tamarix sp @ BBSL (1)
Verbenaceae  Verbena hastata @ UCMS_ENT (1)
Zygophyllaceae  Larrea @ AMNH_BEE (1)
_  Asteraceae sp @ BBSL (1)

Asteraceae @ I_JSA (1)

Bee @ LAR (62)

Lactua serriola @ B_AW (3)

M Spring @ PN- (6)

Papaveraceae eschscholzia @ BBSL (1)

Spotted @ I_RBS (1)

Withheld @ BBSL__YOSE (9); BBSL (351); BBSL__ZION (126); BBSL__LMNRA (1); BBSL__PINN (36); BBSL__CAVE (217)

apple @ NLA (2)

blueberry @ NLA (19)

caneberry @ NLA (61)

centurea maculosa @ I_RBS (1)

cucurbit @ NLA (97)

meadow @ NLA (3)

strawberry @ NLA (3)

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