Authority
Common Names
Higher Taxa
Identification
Natural Communities
Geography
Geomorphological Divisions
Natural History
How to Encounter
References
P. trifoliloata has a stem stout of 4.5-12dm or taller.
The leaves on trifoliolata are glabrous on top and sometimes a little hairy underneath, varying in size and shape. It is written in the Manual of Vascular
Flora of the Southeastern United States "the lower ones are long-petiolated, pinnately or palmately
few-lobed,usually rather deeply so, or trifoliolate and again cleft, varying to occasionally
hastate and merely toothed, the middle and upper ones progressively smaller, less petiolate, and less cut."
Cronquist wrote that the inflorescance is elongate-paniculiform, with heads that are nodding involucre at 10-14 mm high,
with 7-9 principle bracts.
- Gall-of-The-Earth
- Lion's Foot
- Rattlesnake Root
- Class: DICOTYLEDENAE
- Order: Asterales
- Family:Asteraceae
- Subfamily:NOT FOUND
- Tribe:NOT FOUND
- Genus:Prenanthes
- Species: trifoliolata
- Scientific Name: Prenanthes trifoliolata
- Authority: (Cassini) Fernald
- Holotype:NOT FOUND
SYNONOMY: Nabalus trifoliatus
GROWTH FORM: Dicot-herb
- LEAF ARRANGEMENT:reduced outer involucral bracts lanceovate to ovate
- LEAF TYPE: glabrous above, paler & sometimes hairy underneath
- LEAF MARGIN: "lower ones are long-petioled, pinnately,or palmately few-lobed
- LEAF VENATION: pinnate
- LEAF SHAPE & SIZE: Highly Variable
- INOFLORESCENCE:nodding heads
- FLOWER MEROUS: 9-13
- FLOWER COLOR: white, yellowish, sometimes purple
- NUTLETS 5-6mm long
- PAPPUS yellowish tan, 6-7mm long
- OUTER BRACTS triangular-ovate (out standing characteristic that most sets trifoliolata apart from other species of Prenanthes)
- Pine Mixed Hardwoods
- Mixed Hardwoods
- Bottomland Woods
U.S. Distribution
Site Maps
South Carolina Sites
AREA | STATUS | REFERENCES |
North America | YES | State Plant Distribution Map |
Eastern North America | YES | State Plant Distribution Map |
Southeastern United States | Widespread | State Plant Distribution Map |
Southeastern Appalation States | Widespread | State Plant Distribution Map |
Coastal Plain | Marginal | Vascular Flora of the Southeastern U.S. |
Piedmont | YES | Vascular Flora of the Southeastern U.S. |
Blue Ridge Mountains | Widespread | Castanea |
Great Smoky Mountain National Park | YES | Castanea |
Ridge and Valley | YES | Castanea |
Cumberland Plateau | Not Available | Not Available |
Georgia | YES | Vascular Flora of the Southeastern U.S. |
Clark County Georgia | Not Available | Not Available |
The natural history for trifoliolata is mostly unfounded: trifoliolata can be seen late summer to fall. Its growth habit is herbaceous forb or herb. It is a perennial plant that particularly likes sandy soil.
Prenanthes trifoliolata is a species found to grow at a high density occupying from 50 to 91% and 27 to 75% of the ground cover studied
along the Southern Appalachian Mountains. The flowers on the plant are often purplish and generally found with minute white, waxy appearing
paillae that may also have black-dots. Flowers for this species are from 9 to 13, colored white or grayish, and sometimes found as a
pale lavender.
Trifoliolata can be found along wooded slopes and road banks of eastern states from Maine to
Georgia. It is often found along the coast of NC, and in the mountains of NC, TN, and North GA.
Cronquist. 1980. Vascular flora of the southeastern United States. The University of North Carolina Press. Chapel Hill,NC.
Gleason,H.A. Ph.D.,. 1952. Illuatrated Flora of the Northeastern United States And Adjacent Canada. Lancaster Press, Inc.. Lancaster,PA.
Gleason, H. A. Ph.D. & Cronquist, Ph.D..1963. Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. D. Van Norstrand Company, Inc. Canada.
Radford, A. E., H. E. Ahles & C. R. Bell.1968. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. University of North Carolina Press. Chapel Hill, NC.
Elliott,K.J. & Hewitt,D.. 1997 Forest Species Diversity in Upper Elevation Hardwood Forests in the Southern Appalachian Mountains. Castanea, The Journal of the Southern Appalachian Botanical Society. Vol. 62 No.1
http://plants.usda.gov/plantproj/plants/cgi_bin/fr_qurymen.cgi
http://cricket.biol.sc.edu/herb/doc21/07.gif
http://www.memorialecosystems.com/plants.htm
http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/b98/check98.htm