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Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA
Family EURYTOMIDAE

By B. D. Burks

Although phytophagous chalcidoids are to be found scattered among several families, there is
a higher proportion of phytophagous species in the Eurytomidae than in any other chalcidoid
family. Many of the eurytomids develop in seeds, and others are gall formers. Many others, how-
ever, are parasites and some are both parasitic and phytophagous in their development. These
latter begin development as parasites and then complete it as phytophagous feeders. Malyshev,
1968 (Genesis of the Hymenoptera, English translation, London, pp. 35, 53, 67), considers the Eu-
rytomidae the most primitive family of the Chalcidoidea, and he discusses types of larval
development in this family. There are very few other workers in Hymenoptera that agree with
Malyshev that the Eurytomidae is the most primitive family of the Chalcidoidea; the prevailing
opinion, based on both habits and morphology, is that the Torymidae is the most primitive.

Revision: Burks, 1971. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 97: 1-89 (World genera).

Taxonomy: Bugbee, 1936. Ent. Amer. (n. s.) 16: 169-222 (phylogeny). — Ferriere, 1950.
Schweiz. Ent. Gesell., Mitt. 23: 378-379 (European fauna). — Claridge, 1961. Soc. Brit. Ent.,
Trans. 14: 170-183 (British fauna). —Graham, 1970. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc, Ser. B:
Taxonomy 39: 139-152 (Palearctic fauna).

Subfamily RILEYINAE

Genus MACRORILEYA Ashmead

Macrorileya Ashmead, 1900. In Smith, N J. State Bd. Agr., Ann. Rpt. 27 (Sup.): 555.
Type-species: Rileya oecanthi Ashmead. Monotypic.

Macrorileya oecanthi (Ashmead)
N. J., Va., N. C, III, Nebr., Idaho, Ariz., Calif. Ecology: Parasitizes eggs
of tree crickets. Host: Oecayitlius sp., 0. califoniicus Sauss., 0. latipennis Riley, 0.
nigricomis Walk., 0. quadripunctatus Beut., 0. niveus (Deg.).
Rileya oecanthi Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 321. ♀, ♂.

Biology: Smith, 1916. Jour. Econ. Ent. 9: 479. —Smith, 1930. Univ. Calif. Pubs., Ent. 5:
165-172. —Smith, 1931 (1930). Calif. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 505: 11-12. — Udine and
Pinckney, 1940. Pa. State Acad. Sci., Proc. 14: 81-84.

Genus RILEYA Ashmead

Rileya Ashmead, 1888 (June). Ent. Amer. 4: 42. No species.

Type-species: Rileya cecidoniyiae Ashmead. Included by Ashmead, 1888 (July).
Kans. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 3, App. p. III.
Ashnieadia Howard, 1889. Canad. Ent. 21: 59. N. name for Rileya Ashmead, thought to be

preoccupied by Rileya Ashmead, 1888 (July).
Xenopelte Cameron, 1913. Timehri 3: 126.

Type-species: Xenopelte couridae Cameron. Monotypic

Tragiicola Brethes, 1918. Soc. Ent. de France, Bui. (1918): 83.

Type-species: Tragiicola haurnani Brethes. Monotypic.

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Revision: Gahan, 1918. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 20: 136-150.

Rileya americana Girault
Mo. Ecology: Reared from midge galls in flower heads of Helenhivi. Host:
Asphondylia autumnalis Beut.
Rileya a7nericana Girault, 1916. Canad. Ent. 48: 339. ♀.

Rileya cecidomyiae Ashmead
Conn., N. J., Md., N. C, Fla., 111., Kans., Tex., N. Mex., Idaho, Ariz.

Ecology: Reared from stem galls. Host: Asphondylia sp., A. ilicicola Foote, Dasyneura
sp.
Rileya cecidomyiae Ashmead, 1888. Kans. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 3: App. p. III. 9, tJ.
Rileya tegularis Gahan, 1918. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 20: 147. ♀, ♂.

Taxonomy: Burks, 1967. U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, Sup. 2: 271 (synonymy).

Biology: Highland, 1964. Jour. Econ. Ent. 57: 83.

Rileya compressiventris Gahan
Tex. Ecology: Reared from leaf galls on leguminous trees, prob.
Mimosa or Leucaena. Host: Asphondylia sp.
Rileya compressiventris Gahan, 1918. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 20: 143. ♀, ♂.

Rileya hegeli Girault
Fla.

Rileya hegeli Girault, 1916. Canad. Ent. 48: 340. ♀.

Rileya heterogaster Gahan
Tex. Ecology: Reared from leaf-axil galls on leguminous trees, prob.
Mimosa or Leucaena. Host: Asphondylia sp.
Rileya heterogaster Gahan, 1918. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 20: 141. ♀, ♂.

Morphology: Bugbee, 1936. Ent. Amer. (n. s.) 16: 179.

Rileya mellea Ashmead
Fla. Ecology: Reared from leaf galls on Eugenia.

Rileya mellea Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 321. ♀.

Rileya opuntiae Gahan
Tex. Ecology: Reared from galls on cactus. Host: Asphondylia opuntiae Felt.

Rileya opuntiae Gahan, 1936. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 83: 482. ♀.

Rileya piercei
***authority mismatch
Crawford. Fla., Ariz.

Rileya piercei Crawford, 1914. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 16: 29. ♂.

Rileya similaris Gahan
Tex. Ecology: Reared from galls on leguminous trees, prob. Mimosa or
Leucaena. Host: Asphondylia sp.

Rileya similaris Gahan, 1918. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 20: 148. ♀, ♂.

Subfamily HARMOLITINAE

Genus HARMOLITA Motschulsky

Isosoma Walker, 1832. Ent. Mag. 1: 13-14. Preocc. by Billberg, 1820.

Type-species: Eurytoma longula Dalman. Desig. by Westwood, 1840.
Harmolita Motschulsky, 1863. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou, Bui. 36: 58.

Type-species: Harmolita longicomis Motschulsky. Monotypic.
Philachyra Walker, 1871. Notes on Chalcid., p. 7.

Type-species: Philachyra ips Walker. Monotypic.
Xanthosoma Ashmead, 1888. Ent. Amer. 4: 42-43. No species. —Ashmead, 1894. Amer.
Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 320. One species.

Type-species: Xanthosoma nigricornis Ashmead. Desig. by Ashmead, 1894.
Isosomocharis Ashmead, 1888. Ent. Amer. 4: 42-43. No species. —Ashmead, 1894. Amer.
Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 331. One species.

Type-species: Isosomocharis sulcata Ashmead. Desig. by Ashmead, 1894.
Hanuolyta Dalla Torre, 1898. Cat. Hym., v. 5, p. 154. Emend.
Urios Girault, 1911. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 19: 175.

Type-species: Urios vesta I i Girault. Orig. desig.
Exanthosoma Girault, 1915. Queensland Mus., Mem. 4: 265.

Type-species: Exanthosoma funeralis Girault. Monotypic.
Isthmosoma Hedicke, 1921. Arch. f. Naturgesch. 86, A, 11: 165. N. name for Isosoma

Walker.
Ahtola Claridge, 1961. Soc Brit. Ent, Trans. 14: 174.

Type-species: Isosoma atrum Walker. Orig. desig.

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The members of this genus are commonly called jointworms. The larvae make galls in the
stems of cereal grains and grasses.

Revision: Phillips and Emery, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 433-471 (Nearctic spp.).
—Hedicke, 1921. Arch. f. Naturgesch. 86, A, 11: 1-167 (Palearctic spp.). —Phillips, 1936. U.
S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 518: 1-25 (Nearctic spp.).

Taxonomy: Gahan, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (24): 7-8 (generic characters). — Gahan,
1922. Ent. Sec. Wash., Proc. 24: 33-58 (world host data). —Gahan, 1957. Brooklyn Ent. Soc,
Bui. 52: 82-83 (Harmolita type-species). — Claridge, 1958. Ent. Monthly Mag. 94: 81-85
(Tetramesa). —Claridge, 1961. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 113: 175-216 (Holarctic spp.).
—Burks, 1971. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 97: 51-54, 82-86.

Harmolita agropyrocola Phillips and Emery
N. Dak., Utah. Host: Agropyron spp.

Harmolita agropyrocola Phillips and Emery, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 458. ♀.

Harmolita agrostidis (Howard)
Calif. Host: Agrostis sp.

Isosoma agrofitklis Howard, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Tech. Ser. 2: 12. ♀.

Harmolita ainsliei Phillips
S. Dak. Host: Elymus sp.

Hanuolita ainxliei Phillips, 1936. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 518: 4, 10. ♀, ♂.

Harmolita albomaculata (Ashmead)
N. H., Vt., s. to Va., w. to N. Dak., Nebr., Kans.; Europe, Asia. Host:
Pbleuvi pratense.

Isosonia albomaculatum Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent. Soc. Trans. 21: 329. ♀, ♂.

Taxonomy: Claridge, 1961. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 113: 211.

Biology: Phillips, 1920. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 808: 15-16. -Phillips and Poos, 1921. Jour. Agr.
Res. 21: 421. -Phillips and Poos, 1927. Jour. Agr. Res. 34: 475, 483.

Harmolita bambusae Phillips
Ga., Ala.; S. Russia, China, Japan. Host: Bamboo. Grasses of the tribe
Bambuseae.
HartHolita bavibmae Phillips, 1936. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 518: 20. ♀.

Biology: Agekian, 1966. Zool. Zhur. 45: 1724.

Harmolita bromicola (Howard)
Conn., Calif. Host: Bronius ciliatus.

Isosoma bromicola Howard, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Tech. Ser. 2: 17. ♀, ♂.

Harmolita californica (Howard)
Calif. Ecology: Develops in the stems of wild grasses.

Isoso7na califoniicum Howard, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Tech. Ser. 2: 10. ♀, ♂.

Harmolita captiva (Lintner)
N. Y., Ind., 111. Said to have been reared from wheat.

Isosoma captivum Lintner, 1888. N. Y. State Mus., Nat. Hist., Rpt. 41: 34. ♀, ♂.

Taxonomy: Phillips, 1920. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 808: 16.

Harmolita cinnae Phillips and Poos
Ohio. Host: China anindinacea.

Harmolita cinnae Phillips and Poos, 1922. Kans. Univ., Sci. Bui. 14: 352. ♀, ♂.

Harmolita comatae Phillips
N. Dak. Host: Stipa comata.

Harmolita comatae Phillips, 1936. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 518: 9. ♀.

Harmolita cornuta (Walker)
N. Y., Pa., Va., Ohio, Mich., Ind., Kans.; Europe. Host: Agropyron repens.

Isosoina cornutum Walker, 1832. Ent. Mag. 1: 19. ♂.

Harmolita agropyrophila Phillips and Emery, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 450. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Claridge, 1961. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 113: 212 (syn.).
Biology: PhilHps, 1920. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 808: 20 (agropyrophila).

Harmolita dakota Phillips
N. Dak. Host: Elymus.

Hannolita dakota Phillips, 1936. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. BuL 518: 14. 9, o.

Harmolita danthoniae Phillips
Mich. Host: Danthonia spicata.

Harmolita danthoniae Phillips, 1936. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 518: 18. ♀.

Harmolita elymi (French)
Maine, s. to Fla., w. to Wash., Oreg., Calif. Host: Elymus canadensis, E.
glaucus, E. virginicus.
Isosoma Elymi French, 1882. Canad. Ent. 14: 10. ♀.

Biology: Phillips, 1920. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 808: 20. —Phillips and Poos, 1927. Jour. Agr.
Res. 34: 475.

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Harmolita elymicola Phillips and Emery
N. Y., Va., Ohio, Mich., 111., Mo. Host: Elynius spp.

Harmolita elymicola Phillips and Emery, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 460. ♀, ♂.

Biology: Phillips, 1920. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 808: 21. -Phillips and Poos, 1921. Jour. Agr.
Res. 21: 409, 416, 421.

Harmolita elymivora Phillips and Emery
Va., Ohio, Ind., 111., Ark., Kans. Host: Elymus spp.

Harmolita elymivora Phillips and Emery, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 464. 9-, i.

Biology: Phillips, 1920. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 808: 21. -Phillips and Poos, 1921. Jour. Agr.
Res. 21: 421.

Harmolita elymophaga Phillips
and Emery. Wash., Calif. Host: Elyinus coiidensatiis, E. triticoides.

Harmolita elywophaga Phillips, 1927. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 29: 127. ♀, ♂.

Harmolita elymophila Phillips and Emery
Calif. Host: Elymus spp.

Harmolita elymophila Phillips and Emery, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 462. ♀, ♂.

Harmolita elymophthora
***authority mismatch
PhiUips and Emery. N. Dak., Nebr. Host: Elymus spp.

Hannolita elymophthora Phillips and Emery, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 465. ♀, ♂.

Biology: Phillips, 1920. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 808: 22-23.

Harmolita elymoxena Phillips and Emery
Calif. Host: Elymus glaucus.

Harmolita elyi)ioxena Phillips and Emery, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 459. ♀, ♂.

Harmolita festucae Phillips and Emery
N. Y., N. J., Pa., Va., Ohio. Host: Festtica sp., F. elatior. This
may be a synonym of the European Harmolita giraudi von Schlechtendal.
Harmolita festucae Phillips and Emery, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 454. ♀, ♂.

Taxonomy: Claridge, 1961. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 113: 194.

Biology: Phillips, 1920. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 808: 18-19. —Phillips and Poos, 1927. Jour. Agr.
Res. 34: 475, 483.

Harmolita flavicoxa Phillips
N. Mex. Host: Elymus sp.

Harmolita flavicoxa Phillips, 1936. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 518: 13. ♀, ♂.

Harmolita gahani Phillips
S. Dak. Host: Elymus sp.

Harmolita gahani Phillips, 1936. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 518: 18. ♀.

Harmolita gillettei Phillips and Emery
Colo.

Harmolita gillettei Phillips and Emery, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 467. ♀.

Harmolita grandis (Riley)
Ont., N. Y., s. to N. C, w. to Wash., Oreg., Calif. Ecology: This species has two
generations per year, an apterous early spring generation (form minuta) and a late
spring or early summer winged generation (form grandis). Host: Triticum spp., cereal
wheats. This may be a synonym of the European Hannolita aptera (Portschinsky).
Wheat strawworm.
Isosoma tritici Riley, 1882. Amer. Nat. 16: 247. ♀. Preocc. by Fitch, 1859.
Isosoma grandis Riley, 1884. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 7: 111. 9. Winged gen.
Isosoma grande form minutuvi Howard, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Tech. Ser. 2: 10.

Wingless gen.
Urios vestali Girault, 1911. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 19: 176. ♀.

Biology: Webster and Reeves, 1909. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Cir. 106: 1-11. — Gossard,
1911. Ohio Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 233: 66. — Doane, 1916. Calif. State Comn. Hort., Monthly
Bui. 5: 69-72. —Phillips, 1920. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 808: 6-8. —Phillips and Poos, 1921.
Jour. Agr. Res. 21: 409, 421. — Knowlton, 1931. Jour. Econ. Ent. 24: 414-416. — Knowlton,
1932. Jour. Econ. Ent. 25: 1169-1170. —Knowlton and Janes, 1933. Utah Agr. Expt. Sta.,
Bui. 243: 1-8. — Balachowsky and Mesnil, 1935. Ins. nuisables aux Plantes Cult., v. 1, p.
1087. —Smith, 1943. Kansas State Bd. Agr., Rpt. 62: 394. —Flanders, 1950. Jour. Econ.
Ent. 43: 719. -Phillips and Poos, 1953. U. S. Dept. Agr., Farmers' Bui. 1323: 1-6.
— Knowlton and Lieberman, 1954. Utah Agr. Col., Ext. Cir. 194, 2pp. —Painter et al.,
1954. Kansas Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 367: 43.

Harmolita hageni (Howard)
Mass. Host: Agropyron repens.

Iso.'ioma hageni Howard, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Tech. Ser. 2: 12. ♀.

Hesperus Phillips and Emery. N. Dak., S. Dak., Nebr., Kans., Utah. Host: Elymus spp.
Harmolita hesperus Phillips and Emery, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 457. ♀, ♂.

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Biology: Phillips, 1920. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 808: 22-23.

Harmolita holci Phillips
Oreg. Host: Holcus sp.

Harmolita hold Phillips, 1936. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 518: 19. ♀, ♂.

Harmolita hordei (Harris)
P. E. I., Que., Ont., s. to N. C, w. to 111., Kans., Colo.; Europe, Asia. Host:
Hordeum vulgare, barley. Barley jointworm.
Ichneumon hordei Harris, 1830. New England Farmer 9: 2. (Transf. to Ennjtoma in

footnote on same page).
Pteronialmf fiilvipes Fitch, 1859. N. Y. State Agr. Soc, Jour. 10: 114.
Eitryt07uaflavipes Fitch, 1862 (1861). N. Y. State Agr. Soc, Trans. 21: 845. Preocc. by
Walker, 1834.

Biology: Gossard, 1911. Ohio Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 233: 70. -Phillips, 1920. U. S. Dept. Agr.,
Bui. 808: 11-13. —Cannon, 1963. Canad. Ent. 95: 28. —Sterling and MacLaren, 1964. Canad.
Jour. Plant Sci. 44: 53-56.

Harmolita iphis (Walker)
Fla.

Eiirytonia Iphis Walker, 1846. List Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 85. ♀.

Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32 (4): 163.

Harmolita jonesi Phillips
Calif. Host: Elyynus sp.

Harmolita jonesi Phillips, 1936. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 518: 15. ♀, ♂.

Harmolita kingi Phillips
Sask. Host: Hordeum jubatuy)i.

Hanuolita kingi Phillips, 1927. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 29: 128. ♀, ♂.

Harmolita koebelei Phillips
Calif.

Harmolita koebelei Phillips, 1936. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 518: 11. ♀.

Harmolita linearis (Walker)
N. Y., Pa., Ohio, Mich., Ind.; Europe, Asia. Host: Agropyron spp.

Isosoma lineare Walker, 1832. Ent. Mag. 1: 22. ♀.

Harmolita atlantica Phillips and Emery, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 461. ♀, ♂.

Taxonomy: Claridge, 1961. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 113: 192 (syn.). — Zerova, 1966.
Zool. Zhur. 45: 1508.

Biology: Phillips, 1920. U. S. Dept. Agr., BuL 808: 19-20. —Phillips and Poos, 1921. Jour. Agr.

Res. 21: 409, 416, 421. —Phillips and Poos, 1927. Jour. Agr. Res. 34: 475, 483. —Bailey,

1960. Entomologist 93: 40 (parasites).

Harmolita lolii Gahan
Oreg., Calif. Host: Lolium multiflorum, L. temulentum.

Harmolita lolii Gahan, 1922. U. S. Natl.Mus., Proc. 61 (24): 9. ♀, ♂.

Harmolita longicornis (Walker)
N. Y., Va., S. Dak., Oreg.; Europe. Host: Phalaris arundinacea.

Isosoma longicorne Walker, 1832. Ent. Mag. 1: 17. ♂.

Harmolita phalaridis Phillips and Poos, 1922. Kans. Univ., Sci. Bui. 14: 531. ♀, ♂.

Taxonomy: Claridge, 1961. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 113: 209 (syn.).

Harmolita longipetiolata Phillips
N. Dak. Host: Stipa comata.

Harmolita longipetiolata Phillips, 1936. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. BuL 518: 16. ♀.

Harmolita longula (Dalman)
Mass., N. Y., Pa., Va., Ohio, Mich., Ind., Tenn., Utah; Europe. Host: Dactylns
glomerata.
Eurytoma longula Dalman, 1820 Svenska Vetensk. Akad., Handl. 41: 173, pi. 7, fig. 15.
Harmolita dactylicola Phillips and Emery, 1919. U. S. Natl Mus., Proc. 55: 446. ♀, ♂.

Taxonomy: Claridge, 1961. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc. 113: 210 (syn.).

Biology: Phillips, 1920. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 808: 16. —Phillips and Poos, 1927. Jour. Agr.
Res. 34: 475, 483.

Harmolita maculata (Howard)
Mass., N. Y., Va., Mich., Ind., Ky., 111., Mo.; Europe. Host: Bromus sp.,
Bromus secalinus.
Isosoma maculafum Howard, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent, Tech. Ser. 2: 15. ♀.

Biology: McConnell, 1918. Jour. Econ. Ent. 11: 170. -PhilHps, 1920. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui.
808: 19. —Phillips and Poos, 1921. Jour. Agr. Res. 21: 421. —Phillips and Poos, 1927. Jour.
Agr. Res. 34: 475, 483-484. —Claridge, 1961. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 113: 213.

Harmolita minuenda Phillips
N. Dak. Host: Elymus sp.

Harmolita minuenda Phillips, 1936. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui 518: 6. ♀.

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Harmolita montana (Ashmead)
Mont., Colo.

Isoso7iia montaniivi Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 329. ♀.

Harmolita neocaptiva Peck
N. Y., Ind., 111. Host: Poa pratensis.

Isosoma captivunt Howard, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent, Tech. Ser. 2: 13. ♀, ♂.

Preocc. by Lintner, 1888.
Harmolita neocaptiva Peck, 1951. In Muesebeck et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2:
571. N. name.

Biology: Phillips, 1920. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 808: 16-17, 23.

Harmolita nigricornis (Ashmead)
Fla.

Xanthosovia nigriconiis Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 320. ♀.

Harmolita occidentalis
***authority mismatch
PhiUips and Emery. N. Mex. Host: Agropyron sp.

Harmolita occidentalis Phillips and Emery, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 465. ♀, ♂.

Biology: Phillips and Poos, 1921. Jour. Agr. Res. 21: 421.
Oregon Phillips. Oreg. Host: Elynius sp.

Harmolita Oregon Phillips, 1936. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 518: 14. ♀.
Hannolita oregonensis Peck, 1951. In Muesebeck et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2:
571. Emend.

Harmolita ovatella Burks
n. name. Kans. Host: Elymus sp.

Hannolita ovata Phillips and Emery, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 458. ♀, ♂. Preocc.
by IsoHovia ovata Szepligeti, 1901.

Biology: Phillips, 1920. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 808: 22-23.

Harmolita pacifica Phillips
Calif.

Hannolita pacifica Phillips, 1936. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 518: 12. ♀, ♂.

Harmolita panici Phillips and Poos
Va. Host: Panicuni clandestinnni.

Hannolita panici Phillips and Poos, 1922. Kans. Univ., Sci. Bui. 14: 351. ♀, ♂.

Biology: Phillips and Poos, 1921. Jour. Agr. Res. 21: 421 (Hannolita sp.).

Harmolita poacola Gahan
Conn., Ind. Host: Poa pratensis.

Hannolita poae Phillips and Emery, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 445. ♀, ♂. Preocc. by

Isosovia poae Schlechtendal, 1891.
Harmolita poacola Gahan, 1922. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 24: 46, 52. N. name.

Biology: Phillips, 1920. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 808: 17-18.

Harmolita poophila Phillips and Emery
Colo. Host: Poa sp., P. lucida.

Harmolita poophila Phillips and Emery, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 463. ♀, ♂.
Hannolita poaphila Peck, 1951. In Muesebeck et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 572.
Emend.

Harmolita poosi Phillips
Va.

Harmolita poosi Phillips, 1936. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 518: 10. ♀.

Harmolita rufipes Phillips and Emery
111., Nebr., Kans., N. Mex., Utah. Host: Ely mus spp.

Hannolita rufipes Phillips and Emery, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 453. ♀, ♂.

Biology: Phillips, 1920. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 808: 21-23.

Harmolita sativi Phillips
111. Host: Triticum, wheat.

Harmolita sativi Phillips, 1936. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 518: 7. ♀.

Harmolita secale (Fitch)
N. Y., Pa., Va., Ohio, Mich., Ind., Nebr., Kans., Utah, Alta. Host: Secale,
cultivated rye.
Eurytoma Secale Fitch, 1861. Amer. Agr. 20: 235-236.

Biology: Phillips, 1920. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 808: 13. —Holmes and Blakeley, 1971. Canad.

Ent. 103: 277.

Harmolita stipicola Phillips
N. Dak. Host: Stipa cotnata.

Hannolita stipicola Phillips, 1936. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 518: 8. ♀.

Harmolita stipiphaga Phillips
N. Dak. Host: Stipa comata.

Harmolita stipiphaga Phillips, 1936. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 518: 17. ♀.

Harmolita stipiphila Phillips
N. Dak.

Harmolita stipiphila Phillips, 1936. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 518: 16. ♀.

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Harmolita sulcata (Ashmead)
Fla.

Isosomocharis fiulcata Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 331. ♀.

Harmolita tibialis (Ashmead)
S. Dak., Mont., Oreg. Host: Phalaris sp., P. arundinacea.

IsoHomorpha tibialis Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 331. ♀, ♂.

Hannolita phularicola Phillips and Poos, 1922. Kans. Univ., Sci. Bui. 14: 353. ♀.

Harmolita tritici (Fitch)
Ont., N. Y., s. to N. C, w. to Wash., Oreg., Calif.; Europe, Asia. Host: Triticuyn
spp., cereal wheats. Wheat jointworm.

Ptewmaliis^ tritici Fitch, 1859. N. Y. State Agr. Soc, Jour. 10: 115.

Decatoma baailariii Provancher, 1881. Nat. Canad. 12: 290. ♀, ♂.

Isosonia nigrum Cook, 1885. Rural New Yorker 44: 314. ♀, ♂.

Taxonomy: Burks, 1964 (1963). Canad. Ent. 95: 1257 (basilaris). -Zerova, 1966. Zool. Zhur.
45: 1513 (key to Ukraine spp.)

Biology: Pettit, 1907. Mich. Agr. E.xpt. Sta., Bui. 244: 106-109. — Knowlton and Janes, 1933.

Utah Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 243: 8-9. — Balachowsky and Mesnil, 1935. Ins. nuisables aux

Plantes Cult., v. 1, p. 1086. —Phillips and Dicke, 1935. Jour. Agr. Res. 50: 359-386.

—Phillips and Poos, 1940. U. S. Dept. Agr., Farmers' Bui. 1006: 1-12. — Chamberlin, 1941.

U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 784: 1-46. —Zerova, 1966. Zool. Zhur. 45: 1506.

Harmolita utahensis Phillips
Utah. Ecology: Swept from wheat.

Haniiolita utohensis Phillips, 1936. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 518: 11. ♀.

Harmolita vaginicola (Doane)
Que., Ont., s. to Va., w. to Utah, Wash., Oreg.; Europe. Host: Triticum
spp., cereal wheats.

hosonia vaginicola Doane, 1916. Jour. Econ. Ent. 9: 399. ♀.

Biology: Knowlton and Janes, 1933. Utah Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 243: 9. —Zerova, 1966. Zool.
Zhur. 45: 1508.

Harmolita websteri (Howard)
Que., Ont., s. to Va., w. to Utah, Calif. Host: Secale cereale, rye.
Isofioma wi'bsten Howard, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Tech. Ser. 2: 15. ♀.
hosotna hirtifrons Howard, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Tech. Ser. 2: 16. ♀.
hosoma fitclii Howard, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Tech. Ser. 2: 20. ♀, ♂.

Biology: Phillips and Poos, 1927. Jour. Agr. Res. 34: 483. —Knowlton, 1932. Jour. Econ. Ent.
25: 1171-1172. -Knowlton and Janes, 1933. Utah Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 243: 9-10.

Genus GAHANIOLA Erdos

Gahaniola Erdos, 1952. Folia Ent. Hung. (n. s.). 5: 117.

Type-species: Haniiolita pliyllostachitis Gahan. Orig. desig.

Gahaniola phragmitis Erdos
Often introduced in reeds from Europe; may be established in Phragmites
growing on East Coast. Host: Pliragviites coiiniiunis.
Gahaniola pliragiiiitis Erdos, 1952. Folia Ent. Hung. (n. s.) 5: 119. ♀.

Taxonomy: Erdos, 1955. Allat. Kozlem. 45: 37, 46 (male).

Gahaniola phyllostachitis (Gahan)
Fla., Ala.; Russia, China, Japan. Ecology: Specimens sometimes
emerge from imported bamboo poles at scattered localities in the U. S. Host:
Pliyllostachys baiiibnsoides.
Hannolita plnjllostachitis Gahan, 1922. Ent. Soc Wash., Proc 24: 55. ♀.

Biology: Agekian, 1966. Zool. Zhur. 45: 1724.

Genus CATHILARIA Burks

Cathilaria Burks, 1971. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 97: 34.

Type-species: Hannolita opuntiae Muesebeck. Orig. desig.

Cathilaria opuntiae (Muesebeck)
Tex., N. Mex., Ariz., Nev., Calif. Host: Hilaria 7niitica. Originally
thought to have emerged from Opuntia.
Hannolita opuntiae Muesebeck, 1932. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc 34: 110. ♀, ♂.

Biology: Muesebeck, 1933 (1932). Ent. Soc Wash., Proc. 34: 158 (correction of host record).

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Genus ISOSOMODES Ashmead

Isosoniodes Ashmead, 1888. Ent. Amer. 4: 42-43. No species. —Ashmead, 1894, Amer. Ent.
Soc, Trans. 21: 332. One species.

Type-species: I.soso))ia gigantea Ashmead. Desig. by Ashmead, 1894.

Isosomodes giganteus (Ashmead)
D. C, Va., Fla.; West Indies.

laoaonia gigantea Ashmead, 1886. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 13: 127. ♂.

Genus SYSTOLE Walker

Systole Walker, 1832. Ent. Mag. 1: 13, 22.

Type-species: Systole alblpe)ini.s Walker. Monotypic.

Taxonomy: Erdos, 1951. Folia Ent. Hung. (n. s.) 4: 57-58 (Palearctic spp.). — Erdos, 1952.
Foha Ent. Hung. (n. s.) 5: 121-126 (Palearctic spp.). — Claridge, 1959. Ent. Monthly Mag.
95: 39 (British spp.). —Claridge, 1961. Soc. Brit. Ent., Trans. 14: 171-179 (type-species).

Systole albipennis Walker
Ont.; Europe, Orient. Ecology: Phytophagous in seeds of umbellifers. Host:
AnetliHui gmreole)is, Coriaiidnini sativu»i, Cuminutu cy)iiinHy)i, Daucus carota,
Foenicttliini vulgare, Piinpinella aniauyii, Torilis japonica.
Systole albipennis Walker, 1832. Ent. Mag. 1: 22. ♀.

Taxonomy: Masi, 1919. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, Ann. (3) 8: 147-148. — Masi, 1933. Soc.
Ent. Ital., Bol. 65: 219-220 (male). — Boucek, 1952. Folia Zool. et Ent. 1: 4 (separation of
spp.). —Claridge, 1959. Ent. Monthly Mag. 95: 39-40 (description of male and female).

Biology: Marchal, 1900. Soc. Ent. de France., Ann. 69: 111 (geniculata). — Batra et a/., 1959.
Current Sci. [India] 28: 451 (larva). -Wadhi, 1963. Indian Jour. Ent. 25: 384 (hosts).

Systole geniculata Foerster
Colo., Idaho, Calif.; Europe, Orient. Ecology: Phytophagous in seeds of
umbellifers. Host: Coriandruni sativum, Daucus carota, Foeniculum imlgare,
Pi)npi)iella a)iisuui.
Systole geniculata Foerster, 1861. Prog. Realsch. Aachen, p. xxxiii.

Biology: Sakimura, 1946. Hawaii. Ent. Soc, Proc 12: 481 (feeding habits). —Roberts, 1963.
Jour. Econ. Ent. 56: 541 (in carrot seeds).

Systole minuta Ashmead
Fla.

Systole minuta Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 319. ♀, ♂.

Subfamily EUDECATOMINAE

Genus EUDECATOMA Ashmead

Eudecatoyna Ashmead, 1888. Ent. Amer. 4: 42-43. No species. —Ashmead, 1894, Amer.
Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 319. One species.

Type-species: Decatoma batatoides Ashmead. Desig. by Ashmead, 1894.
Decatoniidea Ashmead, 1888. Ent. Amer. 4: 42-43. No species. —Ashmead, 1894, Amer.
Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 322. Two species.

Type-species: Decatomidea xanthochroa Ashmead. Desig. by Ashmead, 1894.

The world literature on this genus up to 1944 used the name Decatoma Spinola, 1811. Then
Hincks made the decision that Decatoma Spinola was a synonym oiEurytoma Illiger, 1807, leav-
ing this genus to take the next available name, E udecatoma Ashmead, 1888. This decision was
not based on a study of types, but was based on an entry in Dalla Torre's 1898 Catalogus
Hymenopterorum. Since 1944 the literature has employed the name Eudecatoma. It is to be
hoped that if Spinola's types are ever found a study of them will show this change to have been
justified.

Revision: Balduf, 1932. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 79 (28): 1-95 (Decatoma).

Taxonomy: Hincks, 1944. Roy. Ent. Soc. London., Proc, Series B: Taxonomy 13: 37
(nomenclature). —Peck, 1963. Canad. Ent., Sup. 30: 833-844 (change subsp. to var.).

Eudecatoma arizonica (Balduf)
Ariz. Host: Andricus mgitiosus Bass.

Decatoma foliatae var. arizonica Balduf, 1932. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 79 (28): 82. ♀, ♂.

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Eudecatoma autumnalis (Girault)
Calif.

Decatoma antiininalis Girault, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 209. ♀.

Eudecatoma batatoides (Ashmead)
N. J., Fla. Host: Callirliytis qnercufibatatoides (Ashm.).

Decato)iia batatoides Ashmead, 1881. Canad. Ent. 13: 136.

Eudecatoma bicolor (Ashmead)
Fla., La. Host: Belonociie)ua treatae Mayr.

Decatoma bicolor Ashmead, 1881. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 9: Proc. p. x.xxii. 9.

Eudecatoma catesbaei (Ashmead)
Fla. Host: Bassetfia qiieycuscatesbaei (Ashm.).

Decatoiiia catesbaei Ashmead, 1881. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 9: Proc. p. xxxii. 9.

Decatonui catesbii Dalla Torre, 1898. Cat. Hym., v. 5, p. 327. Emend.

Eudecatoma compressa (Girault)
Calif.

Decatonia compressa Girault, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus.. Proc. 58: 209. ♀.

Eudecatoma disholcaspis (Balduf)
Tex., Colo., N. Mex., Ariz. Host: Adleria sp., Andricus rugi)iosus Bass.,
Disliolcaspis sp., D. citterosa (Bass.).

Decatoma disholcaspis Balduf, 1932. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 79 (28): 22. ♀, ♂.

Biology: Judd, 1966. Marcellia 32: 256 (in Enura gall on Salix).

Eudecatoma dorsalis (Fitch)
Mass., N. Y., s. to Fla., w. to Kans., Tex. Host: Acraspis erinacei (Beut.),
Andricus acicitlatits Beut., A. querciisflocci (Walsh), A. qiiercitspetiolicola (Bass.),
Callirhytis tiiniifica (0. S.), Disholcaspis qiiercusglobuliis (Fitch), D. quercusuianniia
(Walsh), Neiiroterus quercitstitajalis (Bass.), Xa)ithoteras quercusforticorne (Walsh).
Spakuigia Qiterci-lanae var. dorsalis Fitch, 1859. N. Y. State Agr. Soc, Trans. 18: 816.

Eudecatoma dubia
***authority mismatch
doanei (FuUaway). Colo., Utah, Calif. Host: Disholcaspis canescois (Bass.); D.

chrysolei)idis (Beut.), D. corallina (Bass), D. eldoradensis (Beut.), D. plumbella Kinsey.
Decatovia doanei Fullaway, 1912. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 20: 279. ♀.

Eudecatoma dubia
***authority mismatch
dubia (Walsh). Mass., Ont., s. to N. C, w. to Utah., Ariz. Host: Belonocneiua

quercHsvirens (0. S.), Callirliytis qaercuspinictatn (Bass.), Disholcaspis qiiercusglobuliis
(Fitch), D. quercusmaiinna (Walsh), D. spongiosa (Karsch), Dryocosmus inibricariae
(Ashm.).
Decatoma varians var. dubia Walsh, 1870. Amer. Ent. and Bot. 2: 300. ♀, ♂.

Eudecatoma dubia
***authority mismatch
rufosa (Balduf). N. Y., Va., S. C, Ga., Fla., Ala., 111., Tex. Host: Belonocnema

quercusi'irens (0. S.), Disholcaspis quercusglobulus (Fitch), D. quercHsniatnina (Walsh),
D. spongiosa (Karsch).
Decatoma dubia var. rufosa Balduf, 1932. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 79 (28): 41. ♀, ♂.

Eudecatoma flamminneiventris (Girault)
Tex., Colo., N. Mex. Host: Prodoxus sp., P. quinquepunctellus
(Chamb.), P. y-inversus Riley.
Decatoma flaniminneiveHtris Girault, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 58: 208. ♀, ♂.

Eudecatoma flava (Ashmead)
Mass., s. to N. C, w. to Mo., Tex., N. Mex. Host: Acraspis erinacei (Beut.), A.
macrocarpae Bass., A. pezoniachoides (0. S.), Andricus aciculatits Beut., A. uiurtfeldtae
Ashm., A. quercuspetiolicola (Bass.), A. tubularius Weld, Callirhytis semiyiator (Harr.),
Dryocosmus floridensis (Beut.), Loxaulus humilis (Weld), Neuroterus noxiosus (Bass.),
A'', quercusbatatus (Fitch).
Decatoma flava Ashmead, 1881. Canad. Ent. 13: 134. ♀, ♂.

Biology: Triggerson, 1914. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 7: 8-9.

Eudecatoma flavipes (Balduf)
Ariz. Host: Dryocosmus coxii (Bass.).

Decatoma flacipes Balduf, 1932. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 79 (28): 52. ♀, ♂.

Eudecatoma florida (Girault)
Fla. Andricus querciisflocci (Walsh) may be the host of this species.

Decatoma florida Girault, 1917. Descr. Hym. Chalcidoid. Variorum cum Observ. V, p. 6. ♀.

Taxonomy: Girault, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 208 (repetition of privately published
original description).

Eudecatoma foliatae (Ashmead)
Va., Fla., 111., Mo. Host: Andricus quercusfoliatus (Ashm.), Callirhytis

Eudecatoma flavipes
***authority mismatch
(Gill.), Disholcaspis quercusglobulus (Fitch), Dryocosmus imbricariae (Ashm.).
Decatoma foliatae Ashmead, 1881. Canad. Ent. 13: 136. ♀, ♂.

Eudecatoma globuli (Balduf)
111. Host: Andricus ruginosus Bass, A. tecturnarum Kinsey, Disholcaspis
eldoradensis (Beut.), D. quercusglobulus (Fitch), D. spongiosa (Karsch), Xanthotheras
quercusforticorne (Walsh).
Decatoma globuli Balduf, 1932. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 79 (28): 47. ♀, ♂.

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Eudecatoma gracilis (Fullaway)
Calif. Host: Anclricus quercuscalifoniicus (Bass.).

Decatoma gracilis Fullaway, 1912. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 20: 280. ♂.

Eudecatoma isis (Girault)
Calif. Host: Andricus chrysolepidicola (Ashm.), A. quercuscalifoniicus (Bass.), A.
specfabilis Kinsey, Callirliytis quercuspomiformis (Bass.), C. qiiercussutioni (Bass.).

Decatoma isia Girault, 1917. Descr. Stellarum Nov., p. 10. ♀.

Eudecatoma lanae (Ashmead)
Fla. Host: Callirliytis querciisturnerii (Ashm.).

Decatoma lanae Ashmead, 1881. Canad. Ent. 13: 135. ♀, ♂.

Eudecatoma lobatae (Balduf)
Calif. Host: Andricus iviltzae Full., Neuroterus varians Kinsey.

Decatoma lobatae Balduf, 1932. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 79 (28): 45. ♀.

Eudecatoma marylandica (Girault)
N. S., Md., D. C. Host: Neuroterus quercusbatatus (Fitch).

Decatoma marylandica Girault, 1916. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 11: 112. ♀.

Eudecatoma mellea (Curtis)
P. E. I., Que., N. Y., Oreg.; Holarctic. Host: Mayetiola destructor (Say);

Ditropiiiotus aureoviridis Cwfd., Eurytoma parra Phill., Harmolita liordei (Harr.), H.
linearis (Walk.), H. tritici (Fitch).

Decatoma mellea Curtis, 1831. Brit. Ent. 8: 345. "♂"=♀.

Decatoma anisterdamensis Girault, 1917. Descr. Stellarum Nov., p. 10. ♀, ♂.

Taxonomy: Gahan, 1934 (1933). U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 174: 38-41 {amsterdamensis).
— Claridge, 1959. Soc. Brit. Ent., Trans. 13: 160 (syn.).

Biology: Chamberlin, 1941. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 784: 29, 40. -Cannon, 1963. Canad.
Ent. 95: 34.

Eudecatoma michiganica (Girault)
Mich.

Decatoma michiganica Girault, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 209. ♀.
tnimosae (Balduf). Ariz. Ecology: Reared from gall on Mimosa biuncifera. Host:
Ta)iaostig)iiodes sp.
Decatoma mimosae Balduf, 1932. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 79 (28): 25. ♀, ♂.

Eudecatoma nigriceps
***authority mismatch
excrucians (Walsh). 111. Host: Callirfiytis seniinator (Harr.).

Decatoma nigriceps var. excrucians Walsh, 1870. Amer. Ent. and Bot. 2: 301. ♀, ♂.

Eudecatoma nigriceps
***authority mismatch
nigriceps (Walsh). Mass., Conn., Va., 111., Mo., Kans. Host: Callirliytis tumifica (0.
S.), Disholcaspis quercusmaiuma (Walsh), Xantlioteras quercusforticonie (Walsh).
Decatoma nigriceps Walsh, 1870. Amer. Ent. and Bot. 2: 300. ♀, ♂.

Eudecatoma novascotiae (Balduf)
N. S., Va. Host: Callirliytis cornigera (0. S.); Neuroterus quercusbatatus
(Fitch).
Decatoma novascotiae Balduf, 1932. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 79 (28): 50. ♀, ♂.

Eudecatoma nubilistigma (Walsh)
Que., Mass., N. Y., N. J., 111., Kans. Ecology: Reared from Euiira sp. gall
on Salix discolor.
Decatoma nubilistigma Walsh, 1870. Amer. Ent. and Bot. 2: 301. ♀, ♂.

Eudecatoma occidentalis
***authority mismatch
flavifrons (Balduf). Ariz. Ecology: Reared from gall on live oak.

Decatoma occidentalis xar. flavifrons Balduf, 1932. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 79 (28): 61. ♂.

Eudecatoma occidentalis
***authority mismatch
occidentalis (Balduf). Conn., Colo., N. Mex., Utah, Ariz., Oreg., Calif. Host:

Adleria weldi (Beut.), Andricus chrysolepidicola (Ashm.), A. lasius (Ashm.), A. lasius
var. areolaris Kinsey, A. ruginosus Bass., Antron quercusechinus (0. S.), Disholcaspis
canescens (Bass.), D. corallina (Bass.), D. eldoradensis (Beut.), D. truckeensis (Ashm.),
Xanthoteras eburneuin (Bass.).
Decatoma occidentalis Balduf, 1932. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 79 (28): 58. ♀, ♂.

Eudecatoma pezomachoides (Balduf)
Ohio. Host: Acraspis pezoiiiachoides (0. S.).

Decatoma pezomachoides Balduf, 1932. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 79 (28): 69. ♀.

Eudecatoma pomiformis (Balduf)
Calif. Host: Callirhytis quercuspomiformis (Bass.).

Decatoma pomiformis Balduf, 1932. U.S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 79 (28): 70. ♀, ♂.

Eudecatoma querci (Ashmead)
Fla. Ecology: Reared from dipterous galls on Quercus catesbaei.

Decatoma querci Ashmead, 1881. Canad. Ent. 13: 135. ♂.

Eudecatoma quercilanae (Fitch)
Que., Ont, s. to Fla., w. to Tex., Colo., Ariz. Host: Acraspis inflata
(Kinsey), Andricus aciculatus Beut., A. murtfeldtae Ashm., A. pattoni (Bass.), A.
quercusjlocci (Walsh), A. quercuspetiolicola (Bass.), Callirliytis flavipes (Gill), C.
quercusscitula (Bass.), C. seniinator (Harr.), C. tumifica (0. S.), Disholcaspis

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quercusglobulus (Fitch), D. quercusmamma (Walsh), Neuroterus quercusbatatus (Fitch),
N. quercH!i»iaJalis (Bass.), Xantlioteras quercusforticonie (Walsh).

Spalangia Querci-lanae Fitch, 1850. N. Y. State Agr. Soc, Trans. 18: 816.

Decatoma hyalipenuis Walsh, 1870. Amer. Ent. and Bot. 2: 301. ♀, ♂.

Decatovia flavicollis Ashmead, 1885. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 12: Proc. p. xiii. ♀, ♂. Preocc.
by Walker, 1834.

Decatoma floridana Smith, 1886. Ent. Amer. 2: 19. N. name for flavicollis Ashm.

Eudecatoma quinqueseptae (Balduf)
Calif. Host: Andricus querciiNpetioticola (Bass.).

Decatoma quinqueseptae Balduf, 1932. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 79 (28): 78. ♀, ♂.

Eudecatoma simplicistigma (Walsh)
111., Kans., Colo. Host: Acraspis erinacei (Beut.), Andricus
quercuspetiolicola (Bass.).
Decatoma simplicistigma Walsh, 1870. Amer. Ent. and Bot. 2: 301. ♀, ♂.

Eudecatoma subimmaculata (Girault)
Calif. Host: Andricus lasijis (Ashm.), A. lasius var. sublasius
Kinsey, A. spectabilis Kinsey, Callirhytis quercuspomiformis (Bass.), Disholcaspis
truckeensis (Ashm.), Heteroecus pacificus (Ashm.).
Decatoma subinnfiaculata Girault, 1917. Jour. Ent. and Zool. 9: 11. ♀.

Eudecatoma texana (Balduf)
Tex.

Decatoma texana Balduf, 1932. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 79 (28): 22. ♀, ♂.

Eudecatoma vacciniicola (Balduf)
Ont., Que., s. to Va., w. to 111., La. Host: Hemadas yiubilipennis (Ashm.).
Decatoma vacciniicola Balduf, 1932. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 79 (28): 12. ♀, ♂.

Biology: Click, 1939. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 673: 45. — Judd, 1959. Amer. Micros. Soc,
Trans. 78: 213.

Eudecatoma varians (Walsh)
Ont., s. to Fla., w. to Tex., Colo., Calif. Host: Andricus chrysolepidicola
(Ashm.), A. chrysolepidicola var. pugnus Kinsey, Callirhytis frequens (Gill.), C.
quercusgeynmaria (Ashm.), C. quercuspunctulata (Bass.), Disholcaspis eldoradensis
(Beut.), D. quercusglobulus (Fitch), Dryocosmus inibricariae (Ashm.), Sphaeroteras
caepuliforme (Beut.).
Decatoma varians Walsh, 1870. Amer. Ent. and Bot. 2: 300. ♀, ♂.
Decatoma phellos Ashmead, 1881. Canad. Ent. 12: 136. ♂.
Decatoma kelloggi Fullaway, 1912. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 20: 278. ♀, ♂.

Eudecatoma wiltzae (Balduf)
Conn., Ariz., Calif. Host: Andricus wiltzae Full.

Decatoma wiltzae Balduf, 1932. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 79 (28): 83. ♀, ♂.

Eudecatoma xanthochroa (Ashmead)
Fla., Te.x. Host: Andricus nnirtfeldtae Ashm., Callirhytis flavipes
(Gill.).
Decatomidea xanthochroa Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 322. ♀.
Decatoma brevilobae Balduf, 1932. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 79 (28): 56. ♀, ♂.

Genus SYCOPHILA Walker

Sycophila Walker, 1871. Notes on Chalcid., p. 63.

Type-species: Sycophila decatomoides Walker. Desig. by Ashmead, 1904.
Isanisa Walker, 1875. Entomologist 8: 15.

Type-species: Isanisa decato))ioides Walker. Monotypic
Pseudisa Walker, 1875. Entomologist 8: 15.

Type-species: Pseudisa smicroides Walker. Monotypic.

Taxonomy: Burks, 1971. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 97: 72-73.
butcher! Burks. Fla. Host: Ficus a urea, F. laevigata.

Sycophila butcheri Burks, 1969. Fla. Ent. 52: 120. ♀, ♂.

Subfamily AXIMINAE

Genus AXIMA Walker

Axima Walker, 1862. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. (3) 1: 373.
Type-species: Axinia spinifrons Walker. Monotypic.

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Axima zabriskiei Howard
Que., N. Y., N. J., Va., W. Va., Mich., Ind., Mo., Tex., Calif. Host: Cerafina
calcomta Robt., C. dtipla Say.
Axi)na zabriskiei Howard, 1890. U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 2: 365. ♀, ♂.

Biology: Rau, 1928. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 21: 382. — Krombein, 1960. Ent. News 71: 32, 68.

Morphology: Burks, 1966. Ent. News 77: 199-202 (immature stages).

Genus BEPHRATOIDES Brues

Bephmtoides Brues, 1909 (1908). Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 6: 158.
Type-species: Bepliratoides niaciilatus Brues. Orig. desig.

Bephratoides agrili (Ashmead)
N. J., Va., W. Va. Host: Agrilus otiosns Say.

Euri/tonni agrili Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 325. ♀.

Bephratoides maculatus Brues
Tex.; Mexico. Ecology: Bred from mesquite infested with wood-boring
Coleoptera.
Beplnatoides niaculutus Brues, 1909 (1908). Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 6: 158. ♀.

Genus IPIDEURYTOMA Boucek and Novicky

Ipideurijioiiia Boucek and Novicky 1954. Ent. Tidskr. 75: 267.

Type-species: Ipidenriitonia spessict.sevi Boucek and Novicky. Orig. desig.
polygraph! (Ashmead). N. Y., W. Va., Colo., B. C. Host: Polygraph us sp., Trypodendron sp.
This and the European species, spessictseci Boucek and Novicky, are very closely
related, and they may be synonyms.
Decato)nidea poli/graphi Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 322. ♀.

Taxonomy: Bugbee, 1956. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 49: 506.

Genus CHRYSEIDA Spinola

CItrijseida Spinola, 1840. Rev. Zool. 3: 18.

Type-species: Cliri/seida siiperciliosa Spinola. Monotypic

Revision: Burks, 1956. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 51: 109-116.

Chryseida bennetti Burks
Tex.; Mexico, West Indies. Ecology: Reared from bruchids in the seeds of
Havardia hrevifolia, Rhyncliosia sp., and Cajatius cajau.
Chryseida bennetti Burks, 1956. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 51: 115. ♀.

Chryseida inopinata Brues
Tex.; Mexico. Ecology: Reared from bruchids in leguminous seeds.
Chryseida inopinata Brues, 1907. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 5: 103. ♀.

Subfamily HEIMBRINAE

Genus HEIMBRA Cameron

Heinibra Cameron, 1910. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 35: 433.

Type-species: Heimbra acuticollis Cameron. Monotypic.

Taxonomy: Burks, 1971. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 97: 54-56.

Heimbra opaca (Ashmead)
Kans., Mont., Colo., N. Mex., Utah, Ariz., Calif.

Enperilainpns opacns Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 318. ♀.

Taxonomy: Crawford, 1914. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc 16: 69 (type abnormal; sp. belongs in
Enryton/a). —Burks, 1971. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 97: 56 (nomenclature).

Subfamily PRODECATOMINAE

Genus PRODECATOMA Ashmead

Prodecatoina Ashmead, 1904. Carnegie Mus., Mem. 1: 261, 263, 463.
Type-species: Prodecatoina f la rescens Ashmead Orig. desig.

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Prodecatoma cooki (Howard)
Conn., N. Y., Md., Va., Fla., Ohio, Mich., Calif. Ecology: Develops in seeds of
wild and cultivated grapes and some nearly related Vitaceae. Host: Parthenocissus
qiiinquefolia, Vitis sp., V. califoniica, V. labntsca.
Di'catowuUa cooki Howard. 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Tech. Ser. 2: 23. ♀, ♂.
Pro(lecato)iia phijtopliaya Crosby, 1909. Canad. Ent. 41: 50. ♀, ♂.

Taxonomy: Gahan, 1951. Canad. Ent. 83: 173-174 (types).

Biology: Crosby, 1909. N. Y. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 265: 382. -Rohwer, 1913. U. S. Dept. Agr.,
Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 20: 158 (oviposition).

Morphology: Bugbee, 1936. Ent. Amer. 16: 178.

Prodecatoma maga (Girault)
Calif. Host: A)i(lricus cln-ijsok'iyidicola (Ashm.), Dlnholcaspin pliDiibella
Kinsev.
Ennitowd l,nj,'li var. magu Girault, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 207. ♀, ♂.

Taxonomy: Peck, 1951. hi Muesebeck et «/., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 577 (change
from var. to sp.).

Genus BEPHRATELLOIDES Girault

Bephratoitlix Girault, 1913. Arch. f. Naturgesch. 79 A (6): 60. Preocc. by Brues, 1908.

Type-species: Bephmhi parayitayensis Crawford. Orig. desig.
Beplnvt'clloidcs Girault, 1913. Ent. News 24: 459. N. name.

This genus has for many years taken the name Beplimta Cameron, 1884. A recent study of the
type of the the type-species of Beplimta showed that the true Beplimta is quite different and
has been misidentified since the time of Ashmead, 1888.

Taxonomy: Burks, 1971. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 97: 26-27.

Bephratelloides cubensis (Ashmead)
Fla.; West Indies, Mexico, Cent, and S. Amer. Ecology: Develops in the

seeds of Soursop, Cherimoya, Sugar-apple or Sweetsop, and Custard-apple, Annona spp.
Host: Annona cheriuiola, A. niiiricata, A. reticulata, A. squamosa.
Beplimta cubensis Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 321. ♀.

Biology: Crawford, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 41: 274. — Bruner and Acuna, 1923. Estacion
Expt. Agron., Santiago, Cuba, pp. 3-12 (life history). — Dozier, 1932. Porto Rico Dept. Agr.,
Jour. 16: 109-112. — Osorio, 1937. Rev. Agr. Habana 2: 10-19 (reproduction). — Alvorado,
1939. Los ins. daninos ... en Guatemala, pp. 267-270. — Martorell, 1945. Puerto Rico Univ.,
Jour. Agr. 29: 557.

Subfamily EURYTOMINAE

Genus TENUIPETIOLUS Bugbee

Ten HI pet iol us Bugbee, 1951. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 24: 37.

Type-species: Eiiri/toina albipes Ashmead. Orig. desig.

Tenuipetiolus medicaginis (Gahan)
Tex., Ariz., Calif.; Mexico. Ecology: Parasitizes dipterous hosts in galled
seed pods of alfalfa and Mentzelia. Host: Aspliondylia mentzeliae Ckll., A. websteri
Felt.
Euriitoiiia medicaginis Gahan, 1919. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 12: 159. ♀, ♂.

Tenuipetiolus mentha Bugbee
N. Mex. Ecology: Parasitizes dipterous larvae in pods oi PoUominflia incana.

Tenuipetiolns mentha Bugbee, 1951. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 24: 38, 44. ♀, ♂.

Tenuipetiolus ruber Bugbee
N. Y., s. to Va., w. to Tenn. and Ariz. Ecology: Parasite of gall makers on

Rosaceae. Host: Diastioplius cuscutaeformis 0. S., D. nebulosus (0. S.), Diplolepis ro.sae

(L.).
Tenuipetiolns rubm Bugbee, 1951. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 24: 39. ♀, ♂.

Tenuipetiolus teredon (Walker)
N. Y., Va., N. C, Fla., Miss., Kans., Tex. Ecology: Emerges from cecidomyiid
galls on Ambrosia, Heliantlius, Xantliium. Host: Aspliondylia lieliantliiglobulus 0. ♂.
Eurytoma teredon Walker, 1843. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. (2) 1: 153. ♀, ♂.
Eur'ytouia albipes Ashmead, 1881. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 9: Proc. p. xxxi. ♀, ♂.

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Taxonomy: Burl designated).

Genus PHYLLOXEROXENUS Ashmead

Phylloxeroxenu.s Ashmead, 1888. Ent. Amer. 2: 42-43. No species. —Ashmead, 1894. Amer.
Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 328. One species.

Type-species: Euryto))ia phijlloxerae Ashmead. Desig. by Ashmead, 1894.

Phylloxeroxenus phylloxerae (Ashmead)
N. Y., Va., Fia., La. Ecology: Reared from Plnjlloxera galls, but

probably parasitic on cecidomyiid larvae living in those galls. Recorded from galls of
Phylloxera caryaecaiili.s Fitch, P. caryaesciame Riley, P. deplanata Pergande.
Euvytonia pliylloxenie Ashmead, 1881. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 9: Proc. p. xxx. 9.

Genus EURYTOMOCHARIS Ashmead

Eurytoiiiochari.^ Ashmead, 1888. Ent. Amer. 4: 42-43. No species. —Ashmead, 1894. Amer.
Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 327. One species.

Type-species: Euryto)iiocliaris )ni)iuta Ashmead. Desig. by Ashmead, 1894.

Revision: Bugbee, 1966. Amer. Midland Nat. 75: 367-382.

Taxonomy: Bugbee, 1956. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 49: 505-506 (generic characters).

Eurytomocharis armillata Bugbee
S. Dak. Host: Spartina sp.

Enryton/ocharis arinillata Bugbee, 1966. Amer. Midland Nat. 75: 373. ♀.

Eurytomocharis ashmeadi (Peck)
Fla.

Euyyto)iiocharis )tii)nita Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 327. ♀, ♂. Preocc. by

Walker, 1832, when )ni)iuta Ashmead was transferred to Eiirytovia in 1951.
Etiryto)iia aslnueadi Peck, 1951. /« Muesebeck et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 575.
N. name.

Eurytomocharis eragrostidis Howard
N. Y., D. C, Ind., 111., Iowa, N. Mex. Host: Agropyron sp., Agrostis alba,
Andropogon sacchamides, EragwHti^ cilianensis, E. erosa, E. poaoides, Muhlenbergia
porteri, M. wrlghtii, Oryzopsis liy))ietioides, Spowbolus airoides.
Eurytottiochariti eragrostidis Howard, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Tech. Ser. 2: 21.
9,6.

Taxonomy: Bugbee, 1966. Amer. Midland Nat. 75: 380 (may be a complex).

Eurytomocharis glyceriae Bugbee
Ind. Host: Glyceria striata.

Eurytomocharis glyceriae Bugbee, 1966. Amer. Midland Nat. 75: 374. ♀, ♂.

Eurytomocharis muhlenbergiae (Howard)
Mo. Host: Muhlenbergia schreberi.

Isoso))ioniorpha muhlenbergiae Howard, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Tech. Ser. 2: 20.
9.

Taxonomy: Bugbee, 1966. Amer. Midland Nat. 75: 378 (may not belong in Eurytomocharis).

Eurytomocharis pascuorum Bugbee
N. Mex. Host: Bouteloua curtipendicla, B. gracilis, EragrostLs ero.sa, Stipa
coDiata.
EurytoDiocharis pascuorum Bugbee, 1966. Amer. Midland Nat. 75: 376. ♀, ♂.

Eurytomocharis planitiae Bugbee
Iowa, N. Mex. Host: Bouteloua curtipendula, B. gracilis.

Eurytomocharis planitiae Bugbee, 1966. Amer. Midland. Nat. 75: 376. ♀, ♂.

Eurytomocharis pythes (Walker)
Fla.

Eurytonia pythes Walker, 1843. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. (2) 1: 154. ♀.

Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32 (4): 163.

Eurytomocharis sporoboli Bugbee
N. Mex. Host: Sporobolus airoides.

Eurytomocharis sporoboli Bugbee, 1966. Amer. Midland Nat. 75: 373. ♀, ♂.

Eurytomocharis triodiae Howard
N. Y., D. C, Va., Mich., Ind., Kans. Host: Triodia flava.

Eurytomocharis triodiae Howard, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Tech. Ser. 2: 21. ♀, ♂.

Biology: Bugbee, 1966. Amer. Midland Nat. 75: 378 (life hist.).

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Genus EVOXYSOMA Ashmead

E vox y 1^0)11 a Ashmead, 1888. Ent. Amer. 4: 42-43. No species. —Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent.
Soc, Trans. 21: 328. One species.

Type-species: Systole brachyptem Ashmead. Desig. by Ashmead, 1894.
Euoxyso)ii(t Dalla Torre, 1898. Cat. Hym., v. 5, p. 345. Emend.
Eitxysona Cameron, 1905. Ztschr. Syst. Hym. Dipt. 5: 344. Misspelling.

Evoxysoma brachyptera (Ashmead)
Fla.

Sysfole brachyptem Ashmead, 1886. Amer. Ent. See, Trans. 13: 126. ♀.

Evoxysoma vitis (Saunders)
Conn., Ont., N. Y., N. J., N. C, Ohio, Mo. Ecology: Develops in seeds of wild
and cultivated grape; its development in the seeds causes grape fruits to wither. Host:
Vitin sp.
Isoxoma vitis Saunders, 1869. Canad. Ent. 2: 25. ♀, ♂.

Taxonomy: Bugbee, 1967. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 118: 516.

Biology: Riley, 1870. Mo. State Bd. Agr., Ann. Rpt. 5: 92-93. -Saunders, 1871. Ont. Fruit
Growers Assoc, Ann. Rpt. 1870: 109-111. —Crosby, 1909. N. Y. Agr. E.xpt. Sta., Bui. 265:
380. — Rohwer, 1913. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 20: 158 (oviposition).

Genus BRUCHOPHAGUS Ashmead

Bnicliopliagns Ashmead, 1888. Ent. Amer. 4: 42, 43. No species. —Ashmead, 1894. Amer.
Ent. Soc. Trans. 21: 328. Three species.

Type-species: Bniclioplmgits borealis Ashmead. Desig. by Ashmead, 1894.
Systoloiles Ashmead, 1888. Ent. Amer. 4: 42, 43. No species. —Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent.
Soc, Trans. 21: 320. One species.

Type-species: Systolodes brevicornis Ashmead. Desig. by Ashmead, 1894

This genus contains the best known species of seed chalcids, most of them developing in legu-
minous seeds. In 1888, when Ashmead named the genus, he thought that its species parasitized
bruchids that developed in leguminous seeds. Even after the phytophagous nature of some of
the species had been clearly demonstrated, he refused to accept it. As late as 1904, long after the
clover seed chalcids had been shown by competent workers to be phytophagous, he wrote: Dr. A.
D. Hopkins claims that Bnicliophagus fnnebris is phytophagous and states he has proven it by a
series of experiments. I think, however, some mistake has been made and I cannot accept Dr.
Hopkins' observation as conclusive. ...I am inclined to think that both Drs. Howard and Hopkins
are wrong, and that Bnichophagus funebris is a parasite upon some Brnclnis (Carnegie Mus.,
Mem. 1: 260).

Taxonomy: Girault, 1916. Canad. Ent. 48: 338-339 (brief review of spp.). — Boucek, 1954. Mus.
Natl. Pragae, Acta Ent. 30: 76 (subg. of Eurytoma). — Fedoseeva, 1954. Mosk. Univ.
Vestnik 9 (5): 113-118. —Fedoseeva, 1958. Zool. Zhur. 37: 1345-1351. — Claridge, 1961. Soc
Brit. Ent., Trans. 14: 178.

Biology: Burks, 1958 (1957). Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 59: 273-277 (hosts). —Fedoseeva, 1960.
Nauch. Dok. Vyssh. Shkoly. Biol. 3: 14-18 (ecology).

Bruchophagus borealis Ashmead
Ont. Originally said to have been bred from a Brucluis, but that is almost
certainly incorrect.
Briichophagits borealis Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 328. ♀, ♂.

Taxonomy: Girault, 1916. Canad. Ent. 4: 338.
caraganae (Nikolskaja). Man., N. Dak., Sask.; Europe, Asia. Host: Caragana arborescens, C.
frutex, C. pygiiiaea, C. soplioraefolia.
Eurytoma caraganae Nikol'skaya, 1952. Opred. Faune SSSR 44: 176, 187. 9, 6

Taxonomy: Bugbee, 1956. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 49: 505.

Biology: Znoiko, 1952. Ent. Obozr. 32: 49-55 (life history and parasites in Palearctic region).
—Hedlin, 1957 (1956). Canad. Ent. 88: 622-625 (in Nearctic region).

Bruchophagus gibbus (Boheman)
Cosmopolitan; common throughout North America. Host: Melilotus sp.,
Trifolium sp. Clover seed chalcid.
Eurytoma gibba Boheman, 1836 (1835). Svenska Vetensk. Akad., Handl. 56: 244. ♀.

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Eurytovia )tuicianus Wali
Eurytoma funebrh Howard, 1880. U. S. Dept. Agr., Ann. Kept, for 1879, p. 196. ♀, ♂.

Sijsfolodes brevicomis Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 320. ♀, ♂.

Taxonomy: Nikolskaja, 1932. Plant Prot., Leningrad, fasc. 1: 107-109 (syn.). — Ferriere, 1950.
Schweiz. Ent. Geseli., Mitt. 23: 39 (syn.). — Hellen, 1953. Notulae Ent. 33: 18 (platyptem).

— Fedoseeva, 1954. Mosk. Univ. Vestnik 9: 115, 117 (gibbua). — Claridge, 1959. Ent.
Monthly Mag. 95: 38 (^platyptera). —Strong, 1962. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 55: 1-4 (gibbus).
—Graham, 1970. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc, Series B: Taxonomy. 39: 145 (gibbiis).

Biology: Hopkins, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent, Bui. (n. s.) 6: 73 (funebris, phytophagous).
—Hopkins, 1898. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bui. (n. s.) 17: 45 (funebris). — Pettit, 1899.
Mich. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 175: 366 (funebris). -Titus, 1904. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent,
Bui. (n. s.) 44: 77-80 (Junebris). -Folsom, 1909. In Forbes, 111. State Ent., Ann. Rpt. 25:
50-61 (funcbri.s). -Pettit, 1910. Mich. Agr. Expt Sta., Bui. 258: 48-49 (Junebris).
—Gossard, 1911. Ohio Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 233: 77 {funebria). — Kurdjumov, 1912. Mess.
Ent Kiev 1: 86-88 (gihba). -Howard, 1914. U. S. Dept. Agr., Ann. Rpt Ent. 1914: 192
(fimebris).~Essig, 1915. Calif. State Comn. Hort, Monthly Bui. 4: 368 (funebris).
—Crosby and Leonard, 1916. N. Y. State Dept Agr., Bui. 87: 2870 (funebris).
—Washburn, 1918. Minn. State Ent., Ann. Rpt 17: 190 (J'unebris). — Urbahns, 1919. Jour.
Agr. Res. 16: 165-173 (Junebris, parasites). —Urbahns, 1920. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 812:
1-19 (J'unebris, life history, parasites). — Sorenson, 1930. Utah Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 218:
1-33 (funebris). -Bigger, 1936. III. State Acad. Sci., Trans. 28: 62 (funebris, influence on
clover production). —Smith, 1943. Kans. State Bd. Agr., Rpt. 62: 395 (J'unebris). — Shull,
1944. Idaho Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 252: 15, 56 (gibbus). — Kolobova, 1950. Ent Obozr. 31:
63-70 (gibbus). —Sorenson and Knowlton, 1951. Utah Agr. Expt. Sta., Ext Bui. 219: 1-2
(gibbus). -Lofgren, 1956. S. Dak. Agr. Expt. Sta., Ext. Cir. 533: 7-8 (gibbus). —Rosen,
1959. Swed. Stat Vaxt. Vaxt. 23: 56 (gibba). -Perju, 1961. Cluj. Inst. Agron. 17: 233
(gibbus). -Carillo and Dickason, 1963. Oreg. State Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta., Tech. Bui. 68: 11
(gibbus).

Bruchophagus mexicanus Ashmead
Tex., N. Mex., Idaho, Utah., Ariz., Calif. Host: Astragalus sp., A.
)uollissinnis. Loco-weed chalcid.
Bnichophagus viexicanus Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 328. ♀, ♂.

Biology: Trelease and Trelease, 1937. Science 85: 590 (immunity to selenium).

Bruchophagus noctua Girault
Ariz.

Brucliophagus noctua Girault, 1917. New Chalcid Flies, p. la.

Bruchophagus platypterus (Walker)
Cosmopolitan; widely distributed in North America. Host: Lotus sp., L.
corniculatus. Trefoil seed chalcid.
Systole platypfera Walker, 1834. Ent. Mag. 2: 153.
Bruchophagus kolobovae Fedoseeva, 1956. Akad. Nauk. SSSR Dok. Ill: 491. ♀, ♂.

Taxonomy: Fedoseeva, 1958. Zool. Zhur. 37: 1349. —Perju, 1960. Acad. RPR Bucharest,
Comun. 10: 575. — Szelenyi, 1961. Budapest. Noven. Kut Inst., Evkon 8: 133, 136. —Strong,
1962. Ent Soc. Amer., Ann. 55: 1-4 (kolobovae). —Graham, 1970. Roy. Ent. Soc. London,
Proc, Series B: Taxonomy 39: 143 (syn.).

Biology: Crevecoeur, 1946. Soc. Ent. de Belg., Bui. et Ann. 82: 273 (gibbus). — Neunzig and
Gyrisco, 1958. Jour. Econ. Ent. 51: 409 (Bruchophagus sp.). —Batiste, 1967. Hilgardia 38:
427 (koloborae, immature stages).

Bruchophagus roddi (Gussakovsky)
Cosmopolitan; widely distributed in North America. Host: Medicago sp.,
M. arabica, M. hispida, M. satira. Alfalfa seed chalcid.
Euryfoniad) roddi Gussakovsky, 1933. I)i Rodd, Gussakovsky, and Antova, Pests of

dry-farming crops of Central Asia, Tashkent, pp. 122, 150. ♀, ♂.
Bruchophagus gibbus )nedicagi)iis Kolobova, 1950. Ent. Obozr. 31: 70. ♀, ♂.

Ta.xonomy: Nikolskaja, 1952 (English trans. 1963). Keys to Fauna USSR 44: 173, 175.

—Fedoseeva, 1954. Mosk. Univ. Vestnik 9 (5): 116. —Fedoseeva, 1958. Zool. Zhur. 37: 1349.

— Perju, 1960. Acad. RPR Bucharest, Comun. 10: 575. —Strong, 1962. Ent. Soc, Amer.,
Ann. 55: 1-4.

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Biology: Sorenson, 1934. Utah. Acad. Sci., Proc. 11: 241-244 {funebris). — Harin, 1934.
Central Asia Cotton Inst., Bui. 4-5: 85-114 (gibbu>i). — Wille, 1943. Estac. Expt. Agr. de La
Molina, p. 357 {fiiuebris). — Figuero and Lima, 1940. Bol. de Agr. Sao Paulo 41: 307
igibbus). -Strong, 1962. Hilgardia 32: 229-248. — Carillo and Dickason, 1963. Oreg. State
Univ. Agr. Expt. Sta., Tech. Bui. 68: 25. —Strong et al., 1963. Hilgardia 35: 1-12.
— Kralovic, 1964. Biologia, Bratislava 19: 620 (length of life).

Bruchophagus sculptus (Ashmead)
Fla.

Eurytoma .sculpta Ashmead, 1887. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 14: 195. ♀.

Taxonomy: Bugbee, 1956. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 49: 505.

Genus EURYTOMA Illiger

EnrytoDio Illiger, 1807. Mag. f. Insektenkunde 6: 192.

Type-species: Chalcif; abrotani Panzer. Desig. by Westwood, 1840.
Decaioma Spinola, 1811. Mus. d'Hist. Nat., Ann. 17: 151.

Type-species: Diplolepis adouidio)! Rossi. Desig. by Ashmead, 1894.
Ennetonia Dahlbom, 1857. Ofvers. Svensk. Vet. Akad., Forh. 14: 292.

Type-species: Clialci.s abwfani Panzer. Desig. by Gahan and Pagan, 1923.
Enneatotiia Dalla Torre, 1898. Cat. Hym. 5: 332. Emend.
Bephratella Girault, 1913. Arch. f. Naturgesch. 79(6): 95.

Type-species: Bephratella nynipha Girault. Orig. desig.
EurytoDut subg. Dieitryto)ua Erdos, 1957. Allat. Kozlem. 46: 61.

Type-species: Eurytoma aniygdali Enderlein. Orig. desig.
Eitryfo)tia subg. Hydateurytonia Erdos, 1957. Allat. Kozlem. 46: 58.

Type-species: Eiirytoina palusfrifi Erdos. Orig. desig.
Eurytoma subg. Mouenryto))ia Erdos, 1957. Allat. Kozlem. 46: 59.

Type-species: Eitrytotna aqitatica Erdos. Orig. desig.

Some species of Eurytoma are phytophagous, others pass part of their larval development as
parasites and then complete their growth by feeding on plant tissues, but the bulk of the species
are primary or secondary parasites. Many species are placed in Eurytoma not because they are
greatly like the type-species, but because it has not as yet been possible to place them el-
sewhere.

Revision: Bugbee, 1967. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 118: 433-552.

Taxonomy: Claridge, 1959. Ent. Monthly Mag. 95: 2 (identity of type-species). —Graham,
1970. Roy. Soc. London, Proc, Series B: Taxonomy 39: 145-152 (Palearctic species).

abatos Walker. Que., s. to Fla., w. to B. C, Oreg., and Colo. Host: Magdalis arnticoUis (Say),
Scolytus tiiultiiitriatus (Marsh.), S. rugulosus (Ratz.).
Eurytoma abato.'^ Walker, 1843. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. (2) 1: 152. ♀.

Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32 (4): 162 (syn.).

Eurytoma crassineura Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 324-327 9, 6.

Eurytoma acuta
***authority mismatch
absona Bugbee. Colo. Host: Diplolepis sp.

Eurytouia acuta absoua Bugbee. 1951. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 44: 230. ♀, ♂.

Eurytoma acuta
***authority mismatch
acuta Bugbee. Utah. Host: Diplolepis arefacta (Gill), D. tuberculatrix (CklL).

Eurytoma acuta acuta Bugbee, 1951. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 44: 225. ♀, ♂.

Eurytoma acuta
***authority mismatch
gemina Bugbee. Ariz.

Eurytoma acuta gemiua Bugbee, 1951. Ent. Soc Amer., Ann. 44: 232. ♀, ♂.

Eurytoma acuta
***authority mismatch
intermedia Bugbee. N. Dak. Host: Diplolepis sp.

Eurytoma acuta iutermedia Bugbee, 1951. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 44: 228. ♀, ♂.

Eurytoma acuta
***authority mismatch
ramosa Bugbee. Mich., Minn., Man. Host: Diplolepis tuberculatrix (Ckll.).

Eurytoma acuta rauiosa Bugbee, 1951. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 44: 229. ♀, ♂.
altifossa Bugbee. Man. Ecology: Emerged from unknown gall on Oxytropis lamherti.

Eurytoma altifossa Bugbee, 1967. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 118: 487. ♀, ♂.

Eurytoma apiculae Bugbee
Calif. Host: Cerati)ia dallatorrea)ia Friese, C. )ia)iula Ckll., C. punctigena
Ckll., Ectemitius spiuiferus (Fox).

Eurytouia apiculae Bugbee, 1966. Pan-Pacific Ent. 42: 210. ♀, ♂.

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Biology: Daly et ai, 1967. Ent. Soc. Amer, Ann. 60: 1279.

appendigaster (Swederus). Ont., N. B., Maine, s. to N. J., w. to N. Y., Pa.; Europe. Probably

inadvertently introduced from Europe along with Apanteles. Host: Apanteles

7nelanoficeli(>i (Ratz.), Creniaatiifi ))ii)ior Cush.; ConipHilura concinnata (Meig.).

Pteroniahia Appendigaster Swederus, 1795. Svenska Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 16: 217.

Taxonomy: Ferriere, 1950. Schweiz. Ent. Gesell., Mitt. 23: 383 (types). — Claridge, 1959. Ent.
Monthly Mag. 95: 4. —Claridge, 1960. Ent. Medd. 29: 248 (appendigaster Mayr not
Swederus = verticillata P.).

Biology: Muesebeck and Dohanian, 1927. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 1487: 20-21. — Worawski,
1934. Wydaw. Szk. Glow. Gospod. Wiej. 1: 5 (secondary parasite of Gypsy moth).
— Rosenberg, 1935. Bui. Ent. Res. 25: 244-246 (immature stages). —Allen et al., 1940. U.
S. Dept. Agr., Cir. 561: 50. -Haeussler, 1940. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 728: 34-35, 52-54
(primary and secondary parasite). —Parker, 1951. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1036: 19
(immature stages). -Wilbert, 1960. Entomophaga 5: 203. —Allen, 1962. U. S. Dept. Agr.,
Tech. Bui. 1265: 106-108. -Zelinskaya, 1964. In Kasianenko, Akad. Nauk Ukraine RSR
Inst. Zool., Trudy 20: 199. -Stone, 1965. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1321: 24.

Eurytoma atripes Gahan
N. Y., Pa., N. J., Md., Ohio, Tenn., N. Dak., Alta., Wash., Oreg. Host: Mayetiola
destructor (Say); Ceplnts cinctiis Nort.
Eiirytonia atripes Gahan, 1934 (1933). U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 174: 36. ♀, ♂.

Biology: Nelson, 1953. Canad. Ent. 85: 249-251.

Morphology: Hill and Pinckney, 1940. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 715: 8, 11-13 (immature
stages).

Eurytoma baccae Bugbee
Md., Kans. Host: Anci/lis coniptana fragariae (W. and R.). This species might
also be a secondary parasite, attacking an ichneumonid primary parasite, Tentelucha
cooki (Weed).
Eiirytonia baccae Bugbee, 1967. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 118: 497. ♀.

Eurytoma bicolor Walsh
Conn, and Ont., s. to Va., w. to Nebr. Host: Antistrophus minor Gill, A.
lygodesniiaepisutn Walsh, Aitlacidea tn)nida (Bass.); Eurosta solidaginis (Fitch).
Eurytonia bicolor Walsh, 1870. Amer. Ent. and Bot. 2: 298. ♀, ♂.

Eurytoma bigeloviae Ashmead
Colo., Utah, Calif. Host: Aciurina bigeloviae (Ckll.).
Eurytonia higelociae Ashmead, 1890. Colo. Biol. Assoc, Bui. 1: 25, 45. ♀.
Eurytonia chalcidiforniis Girault, 1917. Descr. Hym. Chalcidoid. Variorum cum Observ. V,
p. 3. ♀.

Taxonomy: Bugbee, 1956. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 49: 504 (syn.).
bolteri Riley. Vt., s. to N. C, w. to N. Dak., Kans. Host: Gnoriinoschevia gallaesolidaginis
(Riley).
Eurytonia Bolteri Riley, 1869. Mo. State Bd. Agr., Ann. Rpt. 4: 177. ♀, ♂.

Biology: Leiby, 1922. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 30: 93. —Barber, 1938. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 46:
173-175. -Miller, 1963. Ohio Jour. Sci. 63: 72.

Morphology: Snodgrass, 1910. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 39: 65, fig. 46 (thorax).

Eurytoma brevivena Bugbee
Ariz. Host: Disliolcaspis i^ubens (Gill.).

Eurytonia brevirena Bugbee, 1958. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 51: 198. ♀, ♂.

Eurytoma bromi (Howard)
N. Y., Ohio, Calif. Host: Bro)nus ciliatns.

Isosonia bromi Howard, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Tech. Ser. 2: 11. ♀, ♂.

Taxonomy: Bugbee, 1956. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 49: 505.

Eurytoma calcarea
***authority mismatch
calcarea Bugbee. Utah. Host: Diplolepis variabilis (Bass.).

Eurytonia calcarea calcarea Bugbee, 1951. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 44: 242. ♀, ♂.

Eurytoma calcarea
***authority mismatch
ignobilis Bugbee. Nebr. Host: Diplolepis bicolor (Harr.).

Eurytonia calcarea ig)iobilis Bugbee, 1951. Ent. Soc Amer., Ann. 44: 243. ♀, ♂.

Eurytoma calcarea
***authority mismatch
infima Bugbee. III. Host: Diplolepis bicolor (Harr.).

Eurytonia calcarea infima Bugbee, 1951. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 44: 246. ♀, ♂.

Eurytoma calcarea
***authority mismatch
lucida Bugbee. 111. Host: Diplolepis bicolor (Harr.).

Eurytonia calcarea lucida Bugbee, 1951. Ent. Soc Amer., Ann. 44: 245. ♀, ♂.

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Eurytoma calcarea
***authority mismatch
mimica Bugbee. Maine, Mass. Host: Diplolepis bicolor (Harr.).

Eityi/tonia calcarea nihiiica Bugbee, 1951. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 44: 247. ♀, ♂.

Eurytoma calcarea
***authority mismatch
singularis Bugbee. Mass. Host: Diplolepis Hcbulosa (Bass.).

Eurijtotiia calcarea .si)tgiilaris Bugbee, 1951. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 44: 248. ♀, ♂.

Eurytoma californica
***authority mismatch
californica Ashmead. Wash., Oreg., Calif. Host: Andricus quercuacalifornicHs
(Bass.), Callirhijtis quercHsponiifor)iiis (Bass.), Disliolcapspi.s corallina (Bass.), D.
pluyiibella Kinsey, D. ica.shi)igto)ie)iiiis (Gill.).
Eurytonia californica Ashmead, 1887. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 14: 195. ♀, ♂.

Eurytoma californica
***authority mismatch
nana Bugbee. Calif. Host: Callirhytin qHercitspo)iiifor))ns (Bass.). Se.xual
generation, leaf galls.
Etiri/tovia californica nana Bugbee, 1969. Pan-Pacific Ent. 45: 63. ♀, ♂.

Eurytoma calycis Bugbee
Ont. Ecology: Develop in young pine shoots, infested shoots showing
distortion and retarded growth. Host: Pinna banksiana.
Enriitoiiia calycis Bugbee, 1961. Canad. Ent. 93: 33. ♀, ♂.

Biology: Thomas and Herdy, 1961. Canad. Ent. 93: 34-39.

Eurytoma ceanothi Bugbee
Ariz. Host: Ceaiiofliiis greggii seeds.

Enrijto)na ceanothi Bugbee, 1971. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 44: 111. ♀, ♂.

Eurytoma celtigalla Bugbee
Tex. Ecology: Emerges from leaf or twig galls on Celfis. Host: Mayefiola
celtiphyllia Felt.
Eurytowa celtigalla Bugbee, 1957. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 30: 49. ♀, ♂.
cleri Ashmead. Que. and N. Y., s. to N. C, w. to Mont., N. Mex., Calif. Host: Dendroctonus
frontalis Zimm., D. inoiticolae Hopk., Ips confusus (Lee), /. oregoni (Eich.), Pissodes
strobi (Peck). When originally described thought, incorrectly, to parasitize a clerid
beetle.
Eurytonia cleri Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 323. ♀.

Taxonomy: Bugbee, 1970. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 63: 435.
conica Provancher. Que., Ont., s. to N. C, w. to B. C, Oreg., Calif. Host: C ylindrocoptiinis
longnlns (Lee), Dendroctonus hrericoinis Lee, D. frontalis Zimm., Phloeosinus
dentatus Lee, Pissodes strobi (Peck).
Eurytonia conica Provancher, 1887. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., pp. 192, 438.

9.
Eurytonia phloeosini Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 327. ♂.
Isosoina abnornie Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 219. ♀.

Taxonomy: Bugbee, 1956. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 49: 504 (syn.). —Burks, 1964 (1963). Canad.
Ent. 95: 1259 (Provancher type).

Eurytoma contractura Bugbee
Ont. Host: Melanagroniyza scliineri (Giraud).

Eurytonia contractura Bugbee, 1967. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proe 118: 471. ♀, ♂.
crassa Bugbee. Ohio, Ind., 111., La., Tex., N. Mex. Host: Aciurina notata (Coq.), Callachna
gibba (Loew).
Eurytonia crassa Bugbee, 1967. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proe 118: 488. ♀, ♂.

Eurytoma diastrophi Walsh
Que., s. to N. C, w. to Colo., N. Mex. Ecology: Should occur wherever

blackberry grows. Host: Diastroplius cuscutaefonnis 0. S., D. nebulosus (0. S.), D. niger
Bass.
Eurytonia diastrophi Walsh, 1870. Amer. Ent. and Bot. 2: 299. ♀, ♂.

Eurytoma discordans Bugbee
Que., Ont., Maine, Mass., Va., Mich., Ind., Wis., Alta. Host: Diplolepis
variabilis (Bass.), Periclistus pirata (0. S.), Syiiophroniorpha sylvestris (0. S.).
Eurytonia discordans Bugbee, 1951. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 44: 218, 220. ♀, ♂.

Eurytoma dorcaschemae Ashmead
N. J., N. C, Kans., Sask. Host: Dorcaschenia altematuni (Say).
Eurytonia dorcaschemae Ashmead, 1888. Kans. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 3: App. p. II.

Eurytoma extremitatis Bugbee
Va. Host: Rliyacionia frustrana (Comst.).

Eurytonia extremitatis Bugbee, 1968. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 41: 404. ♀, ♂.

Eurytoma flavicrurensa Bugbee
Oreg. Host: Diplolepis polita (Ashm.).

Eurytonia Jlavicrurensa Bugbee, 1951. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 44: 258. ♀.

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Eurytoma flavicrus Bugbee
S. C. Ecology: Reared from undetermined gall on Nyssa sylvatica.

Eunjtoniajlackrm Bugbee, 1967. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 118: 469. ♀, ♂.

Eurytoma flavifacies Bugbee
Calif. Host: Andricus clirysolepidicola (Ashm.).

Eurytowa Jlavifacies Bugbee, 1969. Pan-Pacific Ent. 45: 62. ♀, ♂.
flavovultus Bugbee. Tex. Host: Pachypsylla venusta (0. S.).

Eurytotita flcwovultiiH Bugbee, 1957. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 30: 45. ♀, ♂.

Eurytoma foligalla Bugbee
Calif. Host: Antron douglassii (Ashm.), A. quercusechinus (0. S.), Besbicus
nndtipiuicfatuK (Beut.), Callirliytis quercH.spoiiiifonni.s (Bass.), Disliolcaspis
eldoradensis (Beut.).
Eurytonia foligalla Bugbee, 1969. Pan-Pacific Ent. 45: 60. ♀, ♂.

Eurytoma fossae Bugbee
Calif. Ecology: Bred from willow galls produced by species oi Euiira; may
parasitize the gall-maker or inquilines and parasites.
Eiirytowa fossae Bugbee, 1967. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 118: 484. ♀, ♂.

Eurytoma furva Bugbee
Calif. Host: Disliolcaspis ivashingtoiiensis (Gill).

Eiuytoma fitrca Bugbee, 1958. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 51: 198. ♀, ♂.

Eurytoma fusca Bugbee
N. Y., Kans., Wash. Ecology: Reared from apple curculio material;

Tacky pie tell us qitadrigibbus (Say) and other species of Tacliypterelhis may be hosts.
Eurytoma fusca Bugbee, 1967. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 118: 502. ♀, ♂.

Eurytoma gigantea Walsh
N. B., Que., Ont., s. to Fla., w. to N. W. T., Mont., Kans., Colo. Host: Eurosta
solidagiiiis (Fitch).
Eurytoiia gigantea Walsh, 1870. Amer. Ent. and Bot. 2: 300. ♀.
Calli)no)iie Duckeri Ashmead, 1887. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 14: 194. Nom. nud.
Orniyrus elougatus Ashmead, 1887. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 14: 194. Nom. nud.
Orinyrus prolongatus Ashmead, 1887. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 14: 194. Nom. nud.

Taxonomy: Ashmead, 1887. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 14: 194-198 (male).

Biology: Hughes, 1934. Ent. News 45: 119-122. — Uhler, 1951. Cornell Univ. Agr. Expt. Sta.,

Mem. 300: 41. — Judd, 1953. Canad. Ent. 85: 295. —Miller, 1959. Tenn. State Acad. Sci.,

Jour. 34: 249.

Eurytoma gossypii Bugbee
S. C, Ark., La., Okla., Tex., Ariz.; Mexico. Host: Anthononius grandis Boh.

Eurytoma gossypii Bugbee, 1967. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 118: 493. ♀, ♂.

Eurytoma hecale Walker
N. Y., s. to Fla., w. to 111., Kans. Host: Acraspis erinacei (Beut.), A.
pezoniachoides (0. S.), A. quercushirta (Bass.), Anipliibolips cooki Gill., A.
quercusspongifica (0. S.), Andricus ignotus (Bass.), A. pattoni (Bass.), A. quercusflocci
(Walsh), A. quercusfoliatus (Ashm.), Callirhytis lanata (Gill.), C. seininator (Harr.),
Disliolcaspis quercusglobulus (Fitch), D. qnercusniaiiniia (Walsh), D. spongiosa
(Karsch), Dryocosiiius inibricariae (Ashm.), Sphaeroteras melleuin (Ashm.).

Eurytoma hecale Walker, 1843. Soc Ent. de France, Ann. (2) 1: 151. ♀.

Eurytoma auriceps Walsh, 1870. Amer. Ent. and Bot. 2: 299. ♀, ♂.

Eurytoma auriceps var. seminatrix Walsh, 1870. Amer. Ent. and Bot. 2: 299. ♀, ♂.

Eurytoma vagabunda Ashmead, 1881. Canad. Ent. 13: 134. ♀.

Taxonomy: Bugbee, 1956. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 49: 503 (syn.). —Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus.
(Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32 (4): 162 (syn.; lectotype designated).

Biology: Triggerson, 1914. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 7: 9-11 (auriceps).

Eurytoma illinoisensis Girault
N. S., Que., Ont., Wis., Ill, Iowa, S. Dak., N. Mex. Host: Harmolita sp.

Eurytonia illinoisensis Girault, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 206. ♀.

Eurytoma imminuta Bugbee
Utah, Nev., Oreg. Host: Diplolepis variabilis (Bass.).

Eurytoma imminuta Bugbee, 1951. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 44: 259. ♀, ♂.

Eurytoma incerta
***authority mismatch
incerta Fullaway. Sask., Oreg., Calif. Ecology: Reared from Diplolepis galls modified
by inquilines. Host: Periclistus piceus Fullaway, P. californicus Ashm.
Eurytoma incerta Fullaway, 1912. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 20: 277. ♀, ♂.

Ta.xonomy: Bugbee, 1951. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 44: 237 (reduced to subsp.).

Eurytoma incerta
***authority mismatch
varia Bugbee. Calif. Ecology: Reared from gall oi Diplolepis tuberculatrix var.
descansonis K. and A.
Eurytoma incerta varia Bugbee, 1951. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 44: 237. ♀.

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Eurytoma iniqua Bugbee
Colo. Host: Diplolepis iieglecta (Gill.).

EurijtoDiu iiiiquit.s Bugbee, 1951. Ent. See. Amer., Ann. 44: 253. ♀, ♂.

Eurytoma inornata Bugbee
Md. Host: Eiiplllis {Cori/nopiis) coaicfata nioclesta (Roh.), E. (C.) nifigasfer
(Pack.), Trjjpoj-i/lo)! sp.

Eitriito)ii(i inornata Bugbee, 1962. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 35: 347. ♀, ♂.

Biology: Krombein, 19()4. Biol. Soc. Wash., Proc. 77: 103-104.

Eurytoma juniperina Marcovitch
N. H., Conn., Ont., N. Y., Del., Minn., N. Dak. Ecology: Phytophagous
form, developing in seeds of juniper. Host: Junipenis cin/iniana, J. scopulornm.
Eurijtona jiiniperinHfi Marcovitch, 1915. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 8: 166. ♀, ♂.
Eurytonia juiiiperifin.s var. Crotihi/i Marcovitch, 1915. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 8: 168 5. N.
syn.
lacunae Bugbee. Md. Ecology: Reared from a cecidomyiid gall on Baccharis halhinfoUa.

Euriitonia lacunae Bugbee, 1967. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 118: 476. ♀, ♂.

Eurytoma levivultus Bugbee
Ohio. Host: Pachijpstjlla celticlisge)tnna Riley.

Euriitoiiia Icrirultnx Bugbee, 1957. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 30: 48. ♀, ♂.

Eurytoma levo Bugbee
Va. Ecology: Reared from pine gall made by a .xyelid. Host: Xyela gallicaulis
Smith.
Eurgtowa Icco Bugbee, 1967. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 118: 499. ♀, ♂.

Eurytoma longavena Bugbee
B. C. Host: Diplolepis hicolor (Harr.).

Enrgtonia longarcna Bugbee, 1951. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 44: 249. 2, c5.

Eurytoma lutae Bugbee
Mich. Ecology: Reared from a composite naturalized from Europe, I)iula
lieleninni.
Enrgtowa lutae Bugbee, 1967. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 118: 462. ♀, ♂.

Eurytoma lycti Ashmead
N. J., Md., Va., W. Va., Kans. Host: Lydus striatum Melsh.
Eurytonia lycti Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 325. ♀.

Taxonomy: Bugbee, 1951. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 24: 38 (generic placement).

Eurytoma magdalidis Ashmead
Que., Ont., N. Y. Va., N. C, W. Va., Kans., Colo., Calif. Host: AnfhribuH
cornutus Say, C glindrocopturus longulus (Lee), Magdalis annicollis (Say), Oncideres
ci)igulata (Say).
Eurytonia niagdalidis Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 326. ♀.
mail Bugbee. N. Y., Wis., Kans., Wash. Host: Tacliypterellus consors cerasi List, T.
quadrigibbus niagnus List., T. q. quadrigibbus (Say).
Eurytonia niali Bugbee, 1967. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 118: 512. ♀, ♂.

Eurytoma mammae Bugbee
Va., W. Va., Ind. Ecology: Rearings suggest that host may be the scolytid
beetle, Leperisinus aculeatus (Say) or the pemphredonine wasp, Sfignnis sp.
Eurytonia nianiniae Bugbee, 1967. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 118: 451. ♀.

Eurytoma minnesota Girault
Minn. Ecology: Reared from quackgrass, Agropyron repens.

Eurytonia minnesota Girault, 1916. Canad. Ent. 48: 338. ♀, ♂.

Eurytoma neomexicana Girault
Kans., Sask., Colo., N. Mex., Nev. Ecology: Reared from grasses and
from the seeds of Aplopappus spinulosus.
Eurytonia neo)nexicana Girault, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 58: 205. ♀, ♂.

Biology: Brandhorst, 1943. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 46: 169 (phytophagous).

Eurytoma nigricoxa Provancher
Ont., Man., B. C. Host: Periclistus sp.

Eurytonia nigricoxa Provancher, 1887. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym. p. 192. ♀.

Taxonomy: Burks, 1964 (1963). Canad. Ent. 95: 1259.

Eurytoma obtusa Bugbee
N. J. Possibly introduced from Europe along with its host in 1930. Host:
Bruchns bracliialis Fahr.
Eurytonia obtusa Bugbee, 1967. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 118: 507. ♀, ♂.

Eurytoma obtusilobae Ashmead
Mass., s. to Fla., w. to Man., Tex. and Oreg. Host: Diplolepis radicum
(0. S.).
Eurytonia obtusilobae Ashmead, 1885. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 12: Proc. p. xii. ♀, ♂.

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Eurytoma obtusiventris Gahan
Mass., Ont, N. Y., Va., Ohio, Ind., Mich., Miss., La., Kans., Okla., Colo., N.
Mex.; Mexico. Ecology: This species seems ordinarily to be parthenogenetic. Host:
Eitrosta soli(lagi)ii.s (Fitch), Neotephritis finalis (Loew).
Eurytoma obtitsivetitris Gahan, 1934. Ent. News 45: 117. ♀.

Biology: Hughes, 1934. Ent. News 45: 119-122. — Uhler, 1951. Cornell Univ. Agr. Expt. Sta.,
Mem. 300: 40. -Miller, 1959. Tenn. Acad. Sci., Jour. 34: 249.

Eurytoma orchidearum (Westwood)
Que., Ont., Mass., N. Y., N. J., D. C, Fla., 111., La., Tex., Calif.;

Cosmopolitan in Tropical and Subtropical regions. Ecology: North American records
from area north of Southern Florida and Southern California are from greenhouses and
conservatories. Host: Cattleya spp. Also other orchids having pseudobulbs.

hoaoma Orchidearum Westwood, 1869. Card. Chron. p. 1230. ♀, ♂.

Eurytoma phoenix Girault, 1917. Descr. Hym. Chalcidoid. Variorum cum Observ. V, p. 11.
9.

Taxonomy: Gahan, 1922. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 24: 41 (generic placement). — Bugbee, 1956.
Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 49: 504 (syn.).

Biology: Felt, 1916. N. Y. State Mus., Bui. 180: 336. -Moore, 1916. N. J. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui.
308: 3-12. -Timberlake, 1924. Hawaii. Ent. Soc, Proc. 5: 420. — Aczel, 1936. Roy.
Hungarian Hort. Col., Bui. 2: 41-43. — Brandao, 1942. Sitios e Fazendas 7: 73. — Figueiredo,
1942. Biologico 8: 136-138. —Gomes, 1942. Rev. Agron., Porte Alegre 6: 568-569. — Swezey,
1945. Hawaii. Ent. Soc, Proc. 12: 359-360. -Brandao, 1945. Brasil Min. da Agr., Bol. 34:
67-68. —Lepage and Figueiredo, 1947. Circolo Paulista de Orquidofilos, Bol., p. 12. —Bess,
1953. Hawaii. Farm Sci. 1: 3-6 (immature stages). —Look, 1954. Hawaii. Ent. Soc, Proc 15:
264, 271.

Eurytoma pachyneuron Girault
P. E. I., Que., s. to N. C, w. to B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif. Ecology: This
species begins its development as a parasite and completes its larval growth by feeding
on plant tissues in grass stems. Host: Harmolita spp., Mayetiola destructor (Say);
Elymus spp., Triticum spp.

Euryto))ia pacliyneuroii Girault, 1916. Canad. Ent. 48: 337. ♀.

Euryto))ia phoe'bns Girault, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 204. ♀.

Eurytoma pater Girault, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 207. ♀.

Taxonomy: Bugbee, 1956. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 49: 503 (syn.).

Biology: Phillips, 1917. Jour. Econ. Ent. 10: 145 (pater). —Gahan, 1922. Ent. Soc. Wash.,
Proc. 24; 37 (pater). -Gahan, 1934 (1933). U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc Pub. 174: 33-36
(phoebus). —Jones, 1932. Jour. Econ. Ent. 25: 412 (pachyueuron). —Hill and Pinckney,
1940. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 715: 8 (phoebu.^, immature stages). — Chamberlin, 1941.
U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 784: 40 (phoebus, larva). — Brandhorst, 1943. Kans. Acad. Sci.,
Trans. 46: 174 (pater). -Cannon, 1963. Canad. Ent. 95: 34 (phoebus).

Eurytoma parva Phillips
N. Y., D. C, Va., Pa., Ohio, Ind., Kans., Sask., Alta. Host: Cephus ductus Nort.,
Harmolita tritici (Fitch).
Eurytoma bolteri var. parra Philhps, 1918. U. S. Dept. Agr., Farmers' Bui. 1006: 11, 14. ♀.

Taxonomy: Phillips, 1927. Jour. Agr. Res. 34: 743 (change from var. to sp.).

Biology: Phillips, 1918. U. S. Dept. Agr., Farmers' Bui. 1006: 11 (life hist.). —Phillips, 1927.
Jour. Agr. Res. 34: 743-758 (host relationships). —Phillips and Poos, 1940. U. S. Dept. Agr.,
Farmers' Bui. 1006 (rev.): 10-11 (life hist.). —Chamberlin, 1941. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui.
784: 32-35 (parasites).

Eurytoma phloeotribi Ashmead
Que., N. Y., N. J., D. C, Va., W. Va., N. C, Idaho, Oreg., Calif. Host:

PhlocosiuHs sequoiae Hopk., Phloeotribus dentifrous (Blackm.), P. frontalis (Oliv.),

Pityophthorus liquida))ibarus Blackm., Pseudopityophthorus mi)iutissimus (Zimm.), P.

pruiiiosus (Eich.), Scolytus abietis Blackm., S. luuticus Say, Stephauoderes dissiuiilis

(Zimm.).
Eurytoma phloeotribi Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 326. ♀.

Taxonomy: Bugbee, 1970. Ent. Soc Amer., Ann. 63: 437.

Biology: Beal and Massey, 1945. Duke Univ. School Forestry, Bui. 10: 71, 111, 122.

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Eurytoma picea Bugbee
B. C, Wash. Host: Pissodes sitchenisis Hopk.

EHnjtoma picea Bugbee, 1967. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 118: 510. ♀, ♂.

Eurytoma pini Bugbee
Que., s. to S. C, w. to Mo., Ark., Man., Nebr. Host: Dioryctria zivimennani

(Grote), Eucostiio gloriola Hein., Rhyacionia bxoliana (Schiff.), R.frustrana (Comst.),
R. rigidana (Fern.).
Eurytoma pini Bugbee, 1958. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 31: 197. ♀, ♂.

Biology: Watson and Arthur, 1959. Canad. Ent. 91: 481 (prob. secondary). —Miller, 1959.
Jour. Econ. Ent. 52: 768. -Rennels, 1960. 111. Univ. Agr. E.xpt. Sta., Bui. 660: 17. —Arthur,
1961. Canad. Ent. 93: 1-13 (immature stages; cleptoparasitic). — Harman and Kulman, 1962.
Jour. Econ. Ent. 55: 1007. — Eikenbary and Fox, 1965. S. C. Agr. Expt. Sta., Tech. Bui.
1017: 6. —Kulman, 1965. Jour. Econ. Ent. 58: 864 (hyperparasitic). — Finlayson, 1967.
Canad. Ent. 99: 1265 (immature stages).

Eurytoma pissodis Girault
N. S., Maine, s. to Va., w. to Wash., Oreg., Calif. Host: Pissodes engelnianni
Hopk., P. strobi (Peck), P. terminalis Hopk.
Eurytoma pissodis Girault, 1917. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 12: 88. ♀, ♂.

Biology: Graham, 1918. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 11: 175-180. —Graham, 1926. Cornell Univ.
Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 449: 26-29. -Taylor, 1929. Ent. Amer. (n. s.) 9: 228, 10: 60. —Stark
and Wood, 1964. Canad. Ent. 96: 1217. —Stevenson, 1967. Canad. Ent. 99: 15-18 (immature
stages).

Eurytoma profunda Bugbee
Fla., Tex. Ecology: Has been reared from stems of ragweed and a Solaniim,

as well as from a cynipid gall, but its actual host is unknown; very unlikely to be

phytophagous.
Decatoiiia )iiaci(lipes Ashmead, 1886. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 13: 126. 9. Preoec in

Eurytoma by Motschulsky, 1863.
Eurytoma profunda Bugbee, 1967. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 118: 454. N. name.

Eurytoma prunicola Walsh
Ont., s. to S. C, w. to 111., Kans., Tex. Host: Aniphibolips gainesi Bass., A.

quercusjuglans (0. S.), Callirhytis quercusventricosa (Bass.), Disholcaspis

quercusglobulus (Fitch).
Eurytoma prunicola Walsh, 1870. Amer. Ent. and Bot. 2: 298. ♀, ♂.
Eurytoma prunicola var. globulicola Walsh, 1870. Amer. Ent. and Bot. 2: 299. ♀.

Taxonomy: Bugbee, 1967. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 118: 473 (syn.).
querei Fullaway. Calif. Host: Andricus lasius (Ashm.), Paracraspis guadaloupensis (Full.).

Eurytoma querei Fullaway, 1912. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 20: 278. ♀, ♂.

Eurytoma querciglobuli
***authority mismatch
querciglobuli (Fitch). N. H. and Ont, s. to Ga., w. to Minn., Tex. Host:
Disholcaspis quercusglobulus (Fitch), D. quercus)Namma (Walsh).
Macroglenes Querci-globuli Fitch, 1859. N. Y. State Agr. Soc, Trans. 18: 812.
Eurytoma punctirentris Walsh, 1870. Amer. Ent. and Bot. 2: 299. ♀.

Taxonomy: Bugbee, 1958. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 51: 193-196.

Biology: Judd, 1957. Ent. News 68: 195.

Eurytoma querciglobuli
***authority mismatch
rubra Bugbee. Fla., Miss. Host: Disholcaspis que rats i.'i reus (Ashm.), D.

Eurytoma spongiosa
***authority mismatch
(Karsch).
Eurytoma querciglobuli rubra Bugbee, 1958. Ent. Soc, Amer., Ann. 51: 196. ♀.

Eurytoma querciglobuli
***authority mismatch
utahensis Bugbee. Utah. Host: Disholcaspis Colorado (Gill.).

Eurytoma querciglobuli utahensis Bugbee, 1958. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 51: 197. ♀.

Eurytoma rhois Crosby
Ont., Conn., N. Y., Pa., D. C, N. C, Fla., Ohio, Mich., Ind., Tenn., Mo., Ark., La.,
Kans. Ecology: Phytophagous in seeds of sumac Host: Rhus copallina, R. glabra, R.
typhina.
Eurytoma rhois Crosby, 1909. Canad. Ent. 41: 52. ♀, ♂.

Biology: Crosby, 1909. Cornell Univ. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 265: 385-388. — Gahan, 1922. Ent.
Soc. Wash., Proc. 24: 42. -Bridwell, 1923. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 13: 262. -Bugbee, 1939.
Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 32: 418-427. -Bugbee, 1941. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 44: 228-233.
— Schread et o/., 1942. Conn. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 492: 496. — Neunzig, 1964. Ent. Soc
Wash., Proc 66: 87. — Wadhi et al., 1967 (1966). Indian Jour. Ent. 28: 498 (introd. into
India from Canada).

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Eurytoma rubribacca Bugbee
Idaho. Ecology: Reared from gall on wild raspberry, Rubus sp.

Euryto)iia rubribacca Bugbee, 1968. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 41: 406. ♀, ♂.

Eurytoma rubrigalla Bugbee
Mich. Ecology: Parasitizes inquilines and parasites of a cynipid gall maker,
Diastroplius uebulosns (0. S.), on bramble, Rubus sp. Host: Onuyrus sp.,
Syuopliromorplia sylrestrin (0. S.).
Eurytoma rubrigalla Bugbee, 1968. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 41: 405. ♀, ♂.

Eurytoma salicigalla Bugbee
Nev., Calif. Host: Euura exiguae Smith, E. lasiolepin Smith.
Eurytouia mlicigaUa Bugbee, 1970. Ent. Soc, Amer., Ann. 63: 434. ♀, ♂.

Biology: Smith, 1970. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 63: 1781 (initially parasitic, completing
development by feeding on plant tissue).

Eurytoma salicisaquatica Bugbee
Nev., Calif. Host: Euura exiguae Smith, E. Uifiiolepis Smith, E.
leiintioniae Smith.
Eurytoma salicisaquatica Bugbee, 1970. Ent. Soc Amer., Ann. 63: 433. ♀, ♂.

Biology: Smith, 1970. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 63: 1781 (initially parasitic, completing
development by feeding on plant tissue).

Eurytoma sciromatis Bugbee
N. C, Ga., Fla., La. Ecology: Phytophagous in a fungus causing cankers on
pine branches and trunks. Host: C ronartinui fnsiforuie.
EurytoDia sciro))iatis Bugbee, 1962. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 35: 346. ♀, ♂.

Biology: Coulson and Franklin, 1970. Canad. Ent. 102: 353-357 (not parasitic on Dioryciria,
but phytophagous).

Eurytoma semicircula Bugbee
Tex. Ecology: Reared from cerambycid larvae in fruits of Sapinclus
(IruHDuondii, the soapberry. Host: Leptosfylus vogti Dillon.
Eurytowa semicircula Bugbee, 1967. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 118: 453. ♀.

Eurytoma seminis Bugbee
Kans., Okla. Ecology: Phytophagous in sumac seeds. Host: Rhus trilobata.

Eurytoma se)iii)iis Bugbee, 1941. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 14: 98. ♀, ♂.

Eurytoma semivenae Bugbee
N. Y., Ohio, Ark., Kans., Tex. Ecology: Reared from psyllid galls on
hackberry. Host: Pachypsylla celti(lis)iiatiniia Riley, P. celtidiscesicula Riley.
Eurytoma se))iicenae Bugbee, 1957. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 30: 47. ♀, ♂.

Biology: Moser, 1965. N. Y. State Mus. and Sci. Serv., Bui. 402: 22 (feeds both on gall maker
and gall cell wall).

Eurytoma solenozopheriae Ashmead
Que., Maine, Mass., Conn., N. Y., N. J., Pa., D. C. Ecology:

Parasitizes a chalcid gall maker on blueberry. Host: Hemadas iiubilipennis (Ashm.).
Euryto))ia solenozopheriae Ashmead, 1887. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 14: 196. ♀, ♂.

Biology: Driggers, 1927. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 35: 254-258 (parasite of chalcid gall maker, not
of cynipid gall maker). — McAlister and Anderson, 1932. Jour. Econ. Ent. 25: 1166.

Eurytoma sphaera Bugbee
La. Host: Disholcaspis quercusglobulus (Fitch), D. spoitgiosa (Karsch).

Eurytoma sphaera Bugbee, 1967. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 118: 458. ♀, ♂.

Eurytoma spina Bugbee
Sask., Oreg. Host: Diplolepis tuberculatrix (CklL).

Eurytoma spiua Bugbee, 1951. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 44: 250. ♀, ♂.

Eurytoma spongiosa
***authority mismatch
curvavena Bugbee. Minn. Host: Diplolepis spinosa (Ashm.).

Euryto)ntt spougiosa cnrraroia Bugbee, 1951. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 44: 257. ♀, ♂.

Eurytoma spongiosa
***authority mismatch
spongiosa Bugbee. Ont. and Mass., s. to Va., w. to Sask., Utah. Ecology: Reared

from spiny rose galls on wild roses. Host: Diplolepis dichlocera (Harris), D. rosae (L.),
D. tuberculatrix (Ckll.).
Eurytoma spo)igiosa Bugbee, 1951. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 44: 254. ♀, ♂.

Eurytoma squamosa Bugbee
Idaho, Wash., Calif. Ecology: Phytophagous in seeds of Ceanotlius. Host:
Ceauothus cordulatus, C. diraricatus, C. iiitegerrimu.'^, C. su)igui)ieus, C. tliyriaflorus,
C. eel ut ill us.
Eurytouia squamosa Bugbee, 1967. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 118: 495. ♀, ♂.

Eurytoma stigmi Ashmead
Nev., Oreg., Calif. Host: Hoplitis producta gracilis (Mich.), Hylaeus

iParaprosopis) polifolii (Ckll.), Pemphredon giffardi (Roh.), Solierella similis (Brid.),
Stigmus iiiordiuatus Fox, Trypoxylon sculleui Sandh.
Eurytoma stigmi Ashmead, 1895. In Davidson, Psyche 7: 271. ♀, ♂.

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Biology: Parker and Bohart, 1966. Pan.-Pacific Ent. 42: 94-96 (hosts).

Eurytoma studiosa Say
Que., s. to Fla., w. to B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif. Ecology: Occurs wherever oaks

grow.' Host: Acnispis erinacci (Beut.), A. geiinila (Bass.), A. ))iacwc(vpae Bass., A.

pezoinachoides (0. S.), A. qncrciiNhirta (Bass.), A. cillosa Gill., AnchicHs ignotns (Bass.),

A. quercuxflocci (Walsh), A. quercuspetiolicola (Bass.), CalUrhytis clacnla (0. S.), C.

elongata (Kinsey), C. seiiiiiiator (Harr.), Ditiholcaspis quercHsglobitlus (Fitch), D.

qiiorussHCcinipes (Ashm.), D. spo)igiosa (Karsch), D. u'asliiugto)ie)isis (Gill.).
Eiinitonia studiosa Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 272. ♀.
Enri/toniu laniilae Fitch, 1859. N. Y. State Agr. Soc, Trans. 18: 817.
Ei(ryto)n(i snccinipedis Ashmead, 1881. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 9: Proc, p. xxxi. ♀, ♂.

Taxonomy: Bugbee, 1956. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 49: 504 (syn.). — Bugbee, 1967. U. S. Natl.
Mus., Proc. 118: 504 (syn.).

Biology: Walsh, 1870. Amer. Ent. and Bot. 2: 299. — Triggerson, 1914. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann.
7:9.

Eurytoma terrea Bugbee
Oreg. Host: Diplolepis polito (Ashm.).

Euriitoiiia terrea Bugbee, 1951. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 44: 238. ♀, ♂.

Eurytoma tomici Ashmead
N. Y., Md., Va., Ga., Miss., La., Tex., Colo., Alta., Wash., Oreg., Calif. Host:
Ciiliiidrocoptunts eatoiti Buch., C.fitniissi Buch., C. longuliis (Lee), Dendrodonus
brericoiiiis Lee, Pliloeosi)tHs sp., Pitt/ogeties plagiatus (Lee).
Eargtotiiu tomici Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 325. ♂.

Taxonomy: Bugbee, 1970. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 63: 436 (redescription).

Biology: Furniss, 1942. Jour. Econ. Ent. 35: 858. —Bushing and Bright, 1965. Canad. Ent. 97:
200 (hosts).

Eurytoma tumoris Bugbee
Calif Ecology: Phytophagous in branches of pines. Host: Pinus silvestris.
Eunjtoiiia titiiioris Bugbee, 1962. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 35: 345. ♀, ♂.

Biology: Stark and Koehler, 1964. Pan-Pacific Ent. 40: 41 (immature stages).

Eurytoma tylodermatis Ashmead
Ont., s. to S. C, w. to Wis., Colo., Ariz. Host: Parasitic on bruchids and
curculionids. Acanthoscelides homi (Pic), Amblycenis robiniae (F.), Baris sp.,
Chalcodermus aeneus Boh., Conotrachelus elegans Boh., Cylindrocopturus longulus
(Lee), Lixits tnnscnlHs Say, L. scrobicollis Boh., Macrorhoptus sphaeralciae Pierce,
Mimosestes sallaei (Sharp), Orthoris crotchii Lee, Smicraulax tuberculatus Pierce,
Tachypterellus censors cerasi List, T. quadrigibbus (Say), Trichobaris texana Lee, T.
trinotata (Say), Tylodenna foveolatum Say.
Enrytovia tylodermatis Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 218. ♀, ♂.

Taxonomy: Burks, 1967. //( Krombein and Burks, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, Sup. 2, p.
274.

Biology: Pierce, 1908. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Bui. 73: 25-48. —Pierce, 1908. Jour. Econ.
Ent. 1: 119-121. -Cushman, 1911. Jour. Econ. Ent. 4: 496. -Pierce et ai, 1912. U. S.
Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Bui. 100: 41-68. —Hunter and Pierce, 1912. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur.
Ent. Bui. 114: 141. -List, 1932. Colo. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 385: 54-59. —Parker and
Lamerson, 1934. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 7: 90-92. —Hammer, 1936. N. Y. State Agr. Expt.
Sta., Tech. Bui. 240: 44-45. —Yip, 1936. Jour. Econ. Ent. 29: 624-626. — Ritcher, 1936. Jour.
Econ. Ent. 29: 698-699. — Beacher, 1947. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 40: 533. —Nickels et ai,
1950. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1011: 3, 20. -Miller, 1953. Ohio Jour. Sci. 53: 60.
—Bugbee, 1967. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 118: 492-493.

Eurytoma vernonia Bugbee
Pa., Miss., Kans., Okla. Ecology: Parasite of trypetid maggots in seeds of
Ironweed, Vernonia, and Sunflower, Heliantliiis. Host: Neaspilota alba (Loew),
Neotepliritis final Is (Loew), Tomoplagia obliqiia (Say).
Eiirytoma vernonia Bugbee, 1967. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 118: 481. ♀, ♂.

Biology: Schwitzgebel and Wilbur, 1943. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 16: 7-11 (Eurytoma sp.).

Unplaced Species of Eurytoma Illiger

Eurytoma abnormicornis Walsh, 1870. Amer. Ent. and Bot. 2: 299. 9. Type lost.

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Eurytoma albitarsis Ashmead, 1902. In Chittenden, U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent. Bui. 38: 88.

Nom. nud.
EurytoDia aulocis Ashmead, 1892. /*; Brodie, Canad. Ent. 24: 12. Nom. nud.
Eurytoma cretlieis Wallier, 1843. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. 2: 150. 9. Type fragmentary.

Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32 (4): 162.
Laniprosiylus floridcuiHH Ashmead, 1887. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 14: 193. 6. Species placed in

Eurytoinu by Peck, 1951. In Muesebeck et «/., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 576.

Species cannot be placed from unassociated male.
Eurytoma liegeli Girault, 1921. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 207. Eurytoma hegeli var. maga

Girault described, but Eurytoma liegeli Girault not described.
I.HONOVia neradensis Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 330. 6. Species placed in

Eurytoma by Peck, 1951. ht Muesebeck et «/., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 577.

Species cannot be placed from unassociated male.
Eurytoma orbiculata Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 272. 6. Type lost.
Macroglenes quercipisi Fitch, 1859. N. Y. State Agr. Soc, Trans. 18: 818. Species placed in

Eurytoma by Ashmead, 1900. In Smith, N. J. State Bd. Agr., Ann. Rpt. 27, Sup., p. 554.

Fragmentary specimen in U. S. N. M. labeled type does not agree with orig. descr.

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