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Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA
Family ICHNEUMONIDAE

By Robert W. Carlson

Most of the members of this large family are parasites of holometabolous insects. A few spe-
cies or groups of species parasitize spiders (egg sacs, spiderlings, or adults) or egg sacs of pseu-
doscorpions. No identified Ichneumonidae are known to be primary parasites of paurometabo-
lous insects (cf. Clancy and Pierce, 1966). Further discussion of host relations is deferred to the
introductions pertaining to genera or supergeneric categories. General information on the biolo-
gy, host selection, or ecology of Ichneumonidae can be found in the discussions of Cushman
(1926), Clausen (1940), Townes and Townes (1951, p. 184-185), and Townes (1958,1962). Addi-
tional biological references were cited by Sachtleben (1962c).

According to the estimate of Townes (1969, p. 6) the Nearctic fauna of Ichneumonidae includes
slightly more than 8000 species, only 35 percent of which had been described. Of the 27 currently
recognized subfamilies, only the Agriotypinae and Collyriinae have no species native to North
America (one species of Collyriinae was introduced from Europe).

I have attempted to include most of the species known to have been released in North Amer-
ica for purposes of biological control. In a few cases, I knew from voucher material or had other
reasons to suspect that the identifications which had been published in reference to releases
were incorrect. When I lacked the information necessary for correcting the identifications of
such species, they were excluded from the catalog. None of the species thus excluded are known
to be established.

Lists of species synonymy for species not confined to America north of Mexico are as
complete as I could make them. No synonyms were intentionally excluded by virtue of having
been described from areas outside the geographic scope of this catalog.

Distributions given for species are self-explanatory. In the catalog of Townes and Townes
(1951) numerous species which are not particularly common in collections, and some which ac-
tually are rather scarce, were cited as having distributions such as "transcont. in Transit, and U.
Austr. Zones." Except in a very few cases, distributions of the latter type have been replaced by
lists of states and provinces or by bracketing distributions such as: Que. w. to s. B. C, s. to n.
Fla., N. Mex., and s. Calif.

In giving the geographic distributions of genera or supergeneric categories, and in some other
discussions, I have used the terms Nearctic and Neotropic in reference to distributions in Amer-
ica north of Mexico and south of the United States, respectively. No alternatives were feasible.

Lists of hosts are arranged so that names of taxa belonging to the same family are in
alphabetical sequence. The names of the families themselves would have been a very worthwhile
addition, and their inclusion would not have been incompatible with the process of computeriza-
tion. It is hoped that inclusion of them will be allowed in future editions of the catalog.

Although he did not refer to them by number (except on p. 49), Townes, (1969, p. 15-18)
discussed the manner in which Opinions 157 and 159 of the International Commission on Zoologi-
cal Nomenclature came to be pubHshed by Hemming (1945). I have looked into the various




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aspects of these cases and have found that Townes' statements about their history are correct
(see Hemming, 1943). I also learned that Opinion 135, which pertains to suppression of the
names of Jurine which were vaUdated in 1801 (including Cryptus), has no vaUdity on the same
grounds. However, in 1973 I discovered that Opinion 135 is of no consequence with respect to
the homonymy of Cryptus Fabricius (1804) because the latter would be preoccupied by Cryptus
Panzer (1804) if Cryptus Jurine (1801) had been suppressed. The fact that Panzer's usage of the
name Cryptus predates the Fabrician usage is demonstrated by Fabricius' (1804, p. 35) citation
of fascicle 88 of Panzer's "Faunae insectorum Germanicae", wherein Panzer (1804) validated the
name Cryptus segmentarius, which is the type-species of Cryptus Jurine by subsequent
monotypy and which is a synonym of Arge rustica (Linnaeus). After pondering this matter for a
considerable time, I decided to use the name Cryptus Fabricius in the present catalog in spite of
its homonymy for the following reasons: (1) the name Cryptus Jurine was never applied more
than sparingly to sawflies of the genus Arge for a variety of reasons, the principal ones being
the obscurity of the publication in which Cryptus Jurine (1801) appeared and the fact that most
authors thought the name had been validated only by Jurine (1807) and treated it either as a ju-
nior homonym of Cryptus Fabricius or a junior synonym of Hylotomma (itself a junior synonym
of Arge); (2) neither Cryptus Jurine nor Cryptus Panzer are likely to be hereafter treated as
available names by specialists working on Symphyta; (3) the historic significance of the names
Cryptus and Cryptinae for ichneumonology is secondary only to that of Ichneumon and Ichneu-
monidae.

Fitton and Gauld (1976, p. 249) apparently made independent discovery of the Fabrician cita-
tion of Panzer (1804, fasc. 88), and opted in favor of the group name Hemitelinae. I am not cer-
tain that the latter will gain wide acceptance among ichneumonid workers, a question which also
influenced my decision in favor of Cryptus and Cryptinae. In any event, the paper of Fitton and
Gauld did not appear untU after the computerization of my manuscript for the Cryptinae, and it
is not feasible for me to now alter my decision.

I have applied the names Ichneumon and Pimpla according to the type-species designations
of Curtis (1828 and 1839, respectively). I regard application of the names Pimpla Fabricius
(1804) and Pimplini to Coccygomimus and Echthromorphini, respectively (in accordance with
the illegal Opinion 159), as a nomenclatural absurdity of incredible magnitude. Fabricius placed
no species of Coccygomimus in Pimpla; he invariably placed them in Cryptus in 1804. Thus
Ichneumon instigator Fabricius (the type-species of Pimpla according to Opinion 159) was not
one of the species which Fabricius had included in Pimpla.

I regard Ephialtes Schrank (1802, p. 316) as an available name. Schrank's partial misidentifica-
tion of the type-species (see his p. 269-270 description of Ichneumon compunctor Unnaeus)
makes it a case analogous to that of his genus Paniscus (see introductory discussion of Netelia),
except for the fact that Paniscus is suppressed as a junior synonym of Ophion.

Questions of synonymy of supergeneric names have here been decided in favor of the oldest
available supergeneric names having type-genera which are currently valid (i.e. not suppressed
as junior objective or subjective synonyms). The resultant usage is largely in agreement with
that in the paper by Fitton and Gauld (1976) on the ichneumonid supergeneric names other than
those of Ichneumoninae. The most noteworthy differences between their usages and mine per-
tain to Ephialtini (not used here), Pimplini, and names based upon Cryptus.

The following is a discussion of some of the most important publications on Ichneumonidae
pertinent to studies of the Nearctic fauna; to a limited extent, some of the authors are also
discussed. Biographical data on these and additional authors who published on Ichneumonidae
were compUed by Sachtleben (1962b, p. 720-726).

The first real specialist to study Ichmeumonidae was Gravenhorst (my reference to him as an
ichneumonid speciahst should not be misconstrued; he is also well known for his taxonomic work
on certain Coleoptera, and he published on subjects other than entomology). In 1815 Graven-
horst published the first sizeable taxonomic paper that dealt strictly with Ichneumonidae. In
1819 he published a conspectus (i.e. outline) of the 1829 work that is the foundation for modern
ichneumonology. The appearance of the latter work was preceded by Gravenhorst's (1820) paper
on the ichneumonids of the Italian Piedmont and by Thunberg's (1822, 1824) revision of
"Ichneumonidea," (Ichneumonoidea, Gasteruptiidae, and Aulacidae). Thunberg's revision was
based largely upon Fabricius (1804), but the nine generic names which Fabricius had proposed
for the species Thunberg treated were suppressed by Thunberg as synonyms of Ichneumon.
This resulted in much homonymy, and Thunberg proposed many replacement names. Fortunate-




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ly, most of the replacement names are unavailable by virtue of having been proposed to replace
senior homonyms.

Gravenhorst (1829), on the other hand, attempted to redefine the Fabrician genera of Ichneu-
monidae and give them phyletic meaning by excluding all but a few of the originally included
species and adding others. With the exception of Gelis Thunberg (1827), Gravenhorst also util-
ized the generic names which had been proposed by other authors who had preceded him.
Although Gravenhorst's generic nomenclature was not altogether sound with respect to present
rules (see Townes, 1969, p. 10), many of the nomenclatural problems which surfaced in the early
part of the 20th Century were not caused by anything Gravenhorst did (although he is culpable
in the cases of Bassus and Xorides), and could not have been avoided by anything he could have
foreseen. In the case of Pimpla, Gravenhorst (1819) did not indicate the precise group of species
for which he would use the name in his familial (our generic) sense; therefore, Curtis (1828)
could not have known that his choice of type-species would not agree with Gravenhorst's (1829)
usage.

Townes (1959) described the general condition of the Gravenhorst collection. Additional infor-
mation on the collection and its labeling were published by Townes (1965).

Foerster (1868) was the next person to publish a major work dealing with the entire family.
All of the 489 genera newly described in his 1868 paper had no included species. Foerster in-
tended that his generic names would apply to the European fauna, but the first included species,
European or otherwise became the only ones eligible for selection as type-species. In many cases
the type-species fixation was by subsequent monotypy (Intematl. Code Zool. Nomencl., art. 69
[A] [ii] [2]). Perkins (1962) dealt with the type-species of the Foerster genera, and except for
the few cases in which corrections are made here or elsewhere, or in which species have been
referred to Foerster genera since 1962, the type-species I have cited are those cited by Perkins.

Holmgren, Cresson, and Provancher were contemporaries who between 1855 and 1890
published many descriptions of new species of Ichneumonidae, and, in the case of Holmgren,
many new genera also. The majority of the new species described by Cresson are Nearctic.
Cresson's (1887) synopsis of Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico included keys to the sub-
families and genera of Ichneumonidae and a catalog of the species and their synonyms. Cresson
(1916) published a list of species he had described, and he indicated which single specimen was to
be regarded as the type for each; thus he selected lectotypes for those cases in which he had
described a species from more than one specimen. His 1916 paper also included a list of all the
papers he had published on Hymenoptera, but there is no published list which excludes those
that do not involve Ichneumonidae. Cresson's (1928) paper (published posthumously) on the
types of other authors concerns only those to be found in the collection at the Academy of Natu-
ral Sciences of Philadelphia. Therefore, in cases where all the type material of a given species
was not deposited at the A. N. S. P., Cresson's citations of individual specimens may not con-
stitute lectotype selection. It is apparent, however, that they were accepted as such by Townes
(1944, 1945) and in cases where only one syntype (or only one syntype from the locality indicated
as the type locality) was deposited at the A. N. S. P., "Townes may technically be the lectotype
selector.

Provancher dealt mostly with the Fauna of Canada, most particularly with that of Quebec. He
published most of his original descriptions in "le Naturaliste canadien," but in 1883 published a
compilation of them. Additions and corrections to the ichneumonid parts of this 1883 compilation
were published by Provancher (1886, 1888, 1889). Gahan and Rohwer (1917, 1918) selected lecto-
types for many of Provancher's Hymenoptera (except bees). Barron (1975) restudied the Ichneu-
monidae in the Provancher collections. He located some types not found by Gahan and Rohwer
and in some cases rejected lectotypes that Gahan and Rohwer had selected. In most cases, Bar-
ron's grounds for rejecting particular Gahan and Rohwer lectotypes seem valid, but in a number
of the cases there was no proof that the Gahan and Rohwer lectotypes had not been syntypes. In
those cases (which I discuss under the species in question) I have regarded the Gahan and
Rohwer lectotypes as being valid. Barron discussed Provancher's life, collections., and
methodology; he also tabulated Provancher's publications on Ichneumonidae (p. 414).

Holmgren dealt mainly with the fauna of Sweden, but did describe six species from California
(Holmgren, 1869a) and seven from Greenland (Holmgren, 1869b, 1872). According to information
published by Persson (1971) all of the California species were probably collected in the vicinity
of San Francisco.

Thomson published on Ichneumonidae between 1783 and 1897, mostly in his "Opuscula en-




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tomologica"; the latter has continuous pagination, but is in most other respects a serial publica-
tion, and in this catalog I have bibliographically treated it as such. Thomson was an important
adopter of Foerster names. In adopting them, however, he often altered their terminations (see
Perkins, 1962, p. 387-390). The Thomson spellings have most recently been treated as emenda-
tions (see Walkley, 1958, p. 57; Perkins, 1962, p. 387; Townes, 1969, p. 13-14), and I have cited
them as such in this catalog. However, Thomson never cited the original spellings in any of these
cases, and although it is obvious in most cases that his spellings were deliberate, they technically
should be treated as lapses. Thomson was good at finding characters for distinguishing genera,
and also seems to have been very talented at distinguishing closely related species. His ability in
the latter respect, at least, seems to have been much greater than that of any of his contempora-
ries who worked on Ichneumonidae. The weaknesses in Thomson's work stem from the fact that
he apparently never traveled to study the collections even of prior Scandinavian workers (e.g.
Hobngren, Thunberg, Woldstedt), but instead ignored their names (i.e. in the case of Thunberg)
or attempted to identify their species from their descriptions. Many of Thomson's errors in the
identification of the species of others are being corrected in current papers.

Ashmead published on Ichneumonidae between 1888 and 1906. His 1900 treatment of the
Ichneumonoidea was hastily contrived and full of errors. It is based largely upon the generic
keys of Foerster and, with respect to Ichneumonidae, is significant mostly for its fixation of
some type-species and for the validation of new generic and specific names. Some of the names
validated by Ashmead (1900) were discussed by Cushman (1942). Crawford (1900) published a
list of Ashmead's entomological papers and an index to the generic names of Ashmead; there is
no published list of only those Ashmead papers which involve Ichneumonidae.

The ichneumonid part (1901-1902) of Dalla Torre's catalog of Hymenoptera is, for the most
part, bibliographically accurate and nearly complete. Those inaccuracies which are found in his
catalog appear to have resulted from the fact that he either did not have all of the primary
literature available to him or did not have time to check it. He connot be faulted on either ac-
count, but those who can feasibly check his cataloging of older works probably would be wise in
doing so.

Viereck published a significant number of papers on Ichneumonidae and other Hymenoptera
between 1902 and 1928, but is probably best known for his publications on the type- species of
Ichneumonoidea (1914, 1921) and the Hymenoptera of Connecticut (1917, with other collaborat-
ing authors). His work on the ichneumonoid type-species was based largely upon Dalla Torre's
catalog; some of his oversights of first inclusions of species in ichneumonid genera of Foerster
could have been avoided if he had studied Dalla Torre's catalog more carefully. Viereck was not
a careful worker, however, and the characters he used for distinguishing what he called genera
and species were poorly chosen. Consequently, his 1917 treatment of the Ichneumonidae in
Hymenoptera of Connecticut has served only to befuddle or mislead those who have attempted
to use it. Apparently, there is no published list of Viereck's publications.

Roman (Sweden) and Cushman (U. S. A.) were specialists who published numerous papers on
Ichneumonidae over periods of time that were largely overlapping (1903-1940 and 1913-1947,
respectively). I have cited below the four taxonomic papers of Cushman (1921 [with Gahan],
1922, 1928, 1942) which deal with Ichneumonidae in a more or less general fashion. A complete
listing of Cushman's publications was given by Townes (1957).

Roman (1912, 1932, 1936) published important papers on ichneumonid type specimens of Thun-
berg and Linnaeus. His papers on the Ichneumonidae of Greenland are some of the most recent
ones on the subject; these and other papers on Greenland Ichneumonidae were cited by
Sachtleben (1962c, p. 923). Sachtleben (1962a, p. 171-173) listed most of Roman's papers on
Ichneumonidae.

The Nearctic catalog of Ichneumonidae by Townes (1944, 1945) differs from the present
catalog in showing all the published generic combinations for each species and in citing type lo-
calities and type repositories. Those types of Viereck cited in that catalog as being at the Conn.
Agr. Expt. Sta. have since been transferred to the U. S. Natl. Museum. Other corrections to the
1944-1945 catalog of Townes were given by Townes (1973, p. 359-369).

The Nearctic catalog of Townes and Townes (1951) did not cite either the nomina nuda which
had been cited in synonymy by Townes (1944, 1945) or those he had left unplaced (1945, p.
768-770). The nomina nuda are reinserted here because they have some historic significance, that
significance being greatest when they pertain to specimens which subsequently became types of
valid names.




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Short's (1959, 1970) study of final-instar larvae was more complete and detailed than that of
Beirne (1941), and therefore seems to have had a greater impact upon the classification of Ichne-
umonidae. Although some specialists who work primarily with adults have recently incorporated
larval studies into their taxonomic revisions, information about larvae has come chieftly from
scientists, like Dr. Short, who are larval specialists. I believe that the information they have
published has in some cases been misused by those who specialize in study of adult specimens.
The latter sometimes accord as great a significance to structural characters of the head sclerites
of final-instar larvae as to the sum total of the adult structural characters which have been stu-
died. For example, Townes (1969, p. 28-29) based his assertion that Ichneumoninae and Cryp-
tinae (=his GeUnae) are unrelated upon differences between the known larvae of the two
groups. Townes believed the fact that "these two subfamilies ... resemble each other to a re-
markable degree" ... "to be the result of hunting [for] hosts on foot," a habit shared by many
members of both groups, but not all the members of either. The Ichneumoninae are internal
pupal and larval-pupal parasites of Lepidoptera, whUe most of the Cryptinae are presumed to be
external parasites of a variety of hosts, including Lepidoptera. The known larvae of these two
groups differ accordingly. Because internal parasitism must evolve from external parasitism (or
vise versa), I believe that it is Ulogical to regard the known larval differences as evidence in-
dicating that the Ichneumoninae and Cryptinae are unrelated. I hope that this and similar
questions are to be addressed in Dr. Short's revised and greatly expanded work on larvae which
is nearly ready for publication (personal commun., J. R. T. Short, 1977).

Sachtleben's (1962a) bibliography of of Palearctic Ichneumonidae is an extremely valuable tool
for those interested in the taxonomy or biology of Ichneumonidae. Additions and corrections to
this bibliography were published by Sachtleben (1962b, p. 726- 731), and Sachtleben (1962c) pro-
vided a set of subject indices to the bibliography (e.g. indices to papers on morphology, ecology,
physiology, parasitization of individually listed hosts, various taxonomic categories, etc.). It
seems likely that in compiling this set of papers Sachtleben would not have found time for veri-
fying dates of publication; this seems to be borne out by my observation regarding dates for
various papers of Holmgren, for some of which I have established dates (i.e. years) of publica-
tion later than those cited by Sachtleben.

Much new species synonymy was published in the catalogs of Townes, Townes, and Gupta
(1961), Townes, Momoi, and Townes (1965) and Townes and Townes (1966, 1973); some improve-
ments in generic and supergeneric classification were also made, particularly in the 1961, 1965,
and 1966 catalogs. Many additional changes in classification were made by Townes (1969, 1970a,
1970b, 1971) in his treatment of the genera of the world (except Ichneumoninae). The fact that
these works on the genera have been of great importance to the present catalog will be obvious
from the fact that I have largely adopted Townes' arrangement of genera and supergeneric
categories. However, the arrangement of the taxa in any classification is a superficial matter of
secondary importance, and the ultimate value of Townes' volumes on the genera stems from the
great amount of new and old real information that they have brought together.

Townes' (1969) estimate of the number of extant ichneumonid species as slightly fewer than
60,500 is rather frequently cited in publication and conversation. In a recent conversation I was
told of an anonymous coleopterist who has estimated the size of the Curculionidae to be "100,000
to 250,000" species, and I have also heard claims that the Noctuidae and Chalcidoidea may ex-
ceed the Ichneumonidae in size. The fact that no persons have yet assembled the collections or
the knowledge of them to allow them to make size estimates of the Noctuidae, Chalcidoidea, or
Curculionidae that they are willing to publish would seem to attest to the ability and dedication
of both of the Towneses. Uncertainties about the absolute and relative sizes of the groups men-
tioned will outlive those presently wondering about them. However, our present speculations
serve to remind us that the number of persons working on the various aspects of systematics
and biology of the taxa in any large insect group is far fewer than the number which can
possibly satisfy the demand for information about those taxa.

Taxonomy: Jurine, 1801. In Panzer, Litteratur-Ztg. Erlangen, Intelligenzbl. 1: 163.
— Schrank, 1802. Fauna Boica, v. 2, p. 261-319. —Panzer, 1804. Faunae Ins. German., fasc.
88, pi. 17. -Fabricius, 1804. Systema Piezatorum, p. 35, 54-101, 112-123, 126-140. —Jurine,
1807. Nouv. Meth. Class. Hym. Dipt. v. 1, p. 49-51, 98-115, pi. 3, 6, 8. — Gravenhorst, 1815.
Monog. Ichn. Pedestrum, VIII and 110 p. —Gravenhorst, 1819 (1818). Nova Acta
Leopoldina 9: 281-298. —Gravenhorst, 1820. Acad. Sci. Torino, Mem. 24: 275-388.




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—Thunberg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem. 8: 249-281 (key); 9:
285-368. —Thunberg, 1827. Soc. Sci. Upsala, Nova Acta 9: 199-204 (Gelis described).
—Curtis, 1828. Brit. Ent., v. 5, pi. 214 (type-species desig. for Pimpla). — Gravenhorst,
1829. Ichn. Europaea, 3 v., xxxi and 2916 p. —Curtis, 1839. Brit. Ent., v. 16, pi. 728
(type-species desig. for Ichneumon). — Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25:
135-221. -Holmgren, 1869a (1868). Eug. Resa, pt. 2 (Zool.), sect. 1 (Ins.), p. 391-442.
—Holmgren, 1869b. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 8 (5): 1-56. —Holmgren, 1872.
Svenska Vetensk.-Akad., Ofvers. af ... Forhandl. 29: 97-105. —Thomson, 1873-1897. Opusc.
Ent. 5: 455-527 (1873); 6: 589-612 (1874); 8: 732-777 (1877); 9: 850-936 (1883); 10: 939-1040
(1884); 11: 1043-1182 (1887); 12: 1185-1318 (1888); 13: 1321-1438 (1889); 14: 1441-1534 (1890);
15: 1601-1656 (1891); 16: 1752-1773 (1892); 17: 1862-1886 (1892); 18: 1889-1967 (1893); 19:
1971-2137 (1894); 21: 2343-2404 (1896); 22: 2407-2450 (1897); — Provancher, 1883. Petite
Faune Ent. Canada, v. 2, p. 249-490, 752-803 (addit. et corr.), 819-830 (index).
—Provancher, 1886; 1888; 1889. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 29-121; 356-370
(sup. aux addit.); 445-475 (index), errata. — Cresson, 1887. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans., sup. vol.
(for 1887), p. 38-52 (keys), 183-221 (catalog). — Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23:
9-103, 104, 151-152, 161-190. -DaUa Torre, 1901; 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, pt. 1, p. 10-544; pt.
2, p. 545-1058, 1089. — Schmiedeknecht, 1902-1927; 1928-1936. Opusc. Ichn., 5 v., 44 fasc,
3570 p.; sup., 1 v., 25 fasc, 1875 p. — Cravi^ford, 1909. Ent. Soc Wash., Proc 10: 126-156
(biog. and bibliog. of Ashmead). —Roman, 1912. Zool. Bidr. Uppsala 1: 231-293. — Viereck,
1914. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 83, 186 p. — Morice and Durrant, 1915. Ent. Soc London,
' Trans. 63: 339-370, 372-375, 388-390 (scholarly discussion of Jurine, 1801). —Cresson, 1916.
Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 1: 12-64, 135-140. —Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat.
Hist. Survey Bui. 22: 243-360. — Gahan and Rohwer, 1917; 1918. Canad. Ent. 49: 298-308,
331-336, 391-400, 427-433; 50: 28-33, 101-106, 133-137, 166-171, 196-201. —Viereck, 1918;
1919. Biol. Soc. Wash., Proc. 31: 69-74; 32: 45, 198 (supergeneric names). — Cushman and
Gahan, 1921. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 23: 153-171 (Say's species of Ichneumonidae).
—Viereck, 1921. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 59: 129-150 (sup. to Viereck, 1914). —Cushman,
1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (8): 1-30. —Cresson, 1928. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 5: 11-26.
—Cushman, 1928. In Leonard, N. Y. (Cornell) Agr. Expt. Sta., Mem. 101: 920-960 (N. Y.
list, Ichneumonidae). —Roman, 1932. Ent. Tidskr. 53: 1-16 (Linnaean types). —Roman,
1933. Ent. Tidskr. 54: 37-39 (type-species of some old ichneumonid genera). —Roman, 1936.
Ent. Tidskr. 57: 1-5 (ichneumonid types of Linnaeus in Stockholm Mus.). — Hemming, 1939.
Internatl. Comn. Zool. Nomencl., Opinions and Declarations 2: 9-12 (Opinion 135). — Beime,
1941. Soc. Brit. Ent., Trans. 7: 124-190 -Cushman, 1942. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 92:
277-289. —Hemming, 1943. Bui. Zool. Nomencl. 1: 70-86. — Townes, 1944; 1945. Amer. Ent.
Soc, Mem. 11 (1): 1-477; 11 (2): 478-925. —Hemming, 1945. Internatl. Comn. Zool.
Nomencl., Opinions and Declarations 2: 253-260, 277-289 (Opinions 157 and 159). —Townes
and Townes, 1951. In Muesebeck, et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 184-409.
—Townes, 1957. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 59: 248-254 (bibliog. of Cushman's papers).
— Walkley, 1958. In Krombein, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, sup. 1, p. 36-62. —Townes,
1959. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 61: 76-78. —Hopper, 1959. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 61: 155-172
(pronunciation and derivation of genric names of Nearctic Ichneumonidae). —Short, 1959.
U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 110: 391-511 (final-instar larvae). —Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash.,
Proc. 63: 103-113 (types of Nearctic ichneumonids in European museums). — Townes,
Townes, and Gupta, 1961. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 1: iv and 522 p. (Indo-Austalian catalog).
— Sachtleben, 1962a. Beitr. z. Ent. 12: 1-242 (bibliog. Palearctic Ichneumonidae). —Perkins,
1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 11: 385-483. —Sachtleben, 1962b. Beitr. z. Ent. 12:
720-731 (biographies, necrologies, and additions to Sachtleben, 1962a). —Sachtleben, 1962c.
Beitr. z. Ent. 12: 915-939 (indices to Sachtleben, 1962a). —Townes, Momoi, and Townes,
1965. Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 5: v and 661 p. (Eastern Palearctic catalog). —Townes and
Townes, 1966. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: iii and 367 p. (Nootropic catalog). —Walkley, 1967.
In Krombein and Burks, et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, sup. 2, p. 60-213.
—Townes, 1969-1971. Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 11: ii and 300 p. (1969); 12: iv and 537 p.
(1970 [1969]); 13: ii and 307 p. (1970 [1969]); 17: iii and 372 p. (1971) (genera of world,
except Ichneumoninae). —Short, 1970. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 122: 185-210 (sup. to
Short, 1959). — Persson, 1971. Ent. Tidskr. 92: 164-172 (discussion of voyage of Eug. Resa;
see Holmgren, 1869a). —Townes and Townes, 1973. Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 19: iv and 416




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p. (Ethiopian catalog). —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 387-591 (types of Provancher).
— Fitton and Gauld, 1976. Systematic Ent. 1: 247-258 (supergeneric names, except those of
Ichneumoninae).

Biology: Cushman, 1926. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 28: 5-6, 29-51. -Clausen, 1940.
Entomophagous Insects, p. 61-98. — Townes and Townes, 1951. In Muesebeck, et a/., U. S.
Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 184-185. —Townes, 1958. Jour. Econ. Ent. 51: 650-652.
—Townes, 1962. Verh. XI Internatl. Kong. f. Ent. Wien 1960, v. 2, p. 738-741.
— Sachtleben, 1962c. Beitr. z. Ent. 12: 924-939 (various biological indices to Sachtleben
1962a [see taxonomy refs.]). —Clancy and Pierce, 1966. Jour. Econ. Ent. 59: 855, 857.

Morphology: Peck, 1937. Canad. Jour. Res., Sect. D: Zool. Sci. 15: 221-274 —Sachtleben,
1962c. Beitr. z. Ent. 12: 923-924 (morphology indices to Sachtleben, 1962a [see taxonomy
refs.]).

Subfamily PIMPLINAE
Revision: Townes and Townes (et a/.), 1960. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 3-436.

Taxonomy: Cushman, 1921. U.S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 60 (4): 1-6 (key to tribes). — Oehlke, 1964.
Ent. Abhandl. 29 (10): 533-590 (keys to Palearctic tribes and genera). — Finlayson, 1967.
Canad. Ent. 99 (1): 1-8 (final-instar larvae). —Oehlke, 1967. In Ferriere and Vecht, Hym.
Cat., pt. 2, 49 pp. (catalog, western Palearctic species). — Aubert, 1969. Ichn. Ouest-Pal. et
Leurs Hotes, pt. 1, 302 p. (catalog). —Townes, 1969. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 11: 59-142
(genera of world).

Morphology: Pratt, 1939. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 32: 727-742.

Tribe PIMPLINI

Taxonomy: Perkins, 1943. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (ser. 11) 10: 249-273.

Genus EXERISTES Foerster

Exeristes Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 164.

Type-species: Pimpla roborator Gravenhorst. Monotypically included and desig. by
Schmiedeknecht, 1888.
Eremochila Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 165.

Type-species: Pimpla nificollis Gravenhorst. Monotypically included and desig. by
Schmiedeknecht, 1888.

Members of this genus are usually parasites of Pyralidae or Olethreutidae.

Exeristes comstockii (Cresson)
Southern Que., s. to Fla., w. to B. C. and Calif. Host: Barbara

colfaxiana siskiyouana (Kft.), B. colfaxiana taxifoliella (Bsk.), Eucosyna monitorana
Heinr., Laspeyresia caryana (Fitch), L. cupressana (Kft.)?, L. torenta (Grt.), L.
youngana (Kft.), Petrova albicapitana (Bsk.), P. comstockiana (Fern.), Rhyacionia
buoliana (D. and S.), R.frnstrana (Com.), R. rigidana (Fern.), Dioryctria amatella
(Hulst), D. auranticella (Grt.), D. clariolaris (Wlk.), D. disclusa Heinr., D. zimmermanni
(Grt.), Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.).
Ephialtes Comstockii Cresson, 1880. In Comstock, U. S. Dept. Agr., Ann. Rpt. for 1879, p.
235. ♀.

Biology: Cushman, 1927. Jour. Agr. Res. 34: 616. —Miller, 1953. Ohio Jour. Sci. 53 (1): 60.

—Arthur, 1963. Canad. Ent. 95: 1079-1085.

Exeristes roborator (Fabricius)
Eurasia. Introduced but never established in Ontario (1957-1958) and
various points in the U. S. (1924-1932). Host: Ostrinia nnbilalis Hbn., Rhyacionia
buoliana (D. and S.). The hosts listed were the target species for introductions into
North America, but other hosts have been recorded in Europe.

Ichneumon roborator Fabricius, 1793. Ent. System., v. 2, p. 17(). 9.

Pimpla longicauda Brulle, 1833, (1832). Exped. Sci. de Moree, v. 2, p. 379. ♀.

Xorides aegypticus Walker, 1871. List Hym. Coll. ... Red Sea and Arabia, p. 3. ♀.

Pimpla jlavipenyiis Rudow, 1883. Ent. Nachr. 9: 234. ♀.

Pimpla nodosa Rudow, 1883. Ent. Nachr. 9: 235. ♀.




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Pimpla robusta Rudow, 1883. Ent. Nachr. 9: 238. ♀.

Pimpla Schmiedeknechti Kriechbaumer, 1888. Ent. Nachr. 14: 339. ♀.

Pimpla brachycera Thomson, 1895. Opusc. Ent. 19: 2126. ♀.

Pimpla punctata Thomson, 1895. Opusc. Ent. 19: 2126. 9

Pimpla blattifera Tosquinet, 1896. Soc. Ent. Belg., Mem. 5: 310. ♀.

Pimpla schmiedeknechtii Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 449. Emend.

Pimpla roboratrix Schulz, 1906. Spolia Hym., p. 104. Emend.

Pimpla pyraustae Okamoto, 1921. Hokkaido Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 12: 15. ♂.

Biology: Fox, 1927. Natl. Res. Council, Rpt. 21, Ottawa, 58 pp. — Timon-David, 1931. Soc. de
Biol. [Paris], Compt. Rend. 106: 829-831. —Baker and Jones, 1934. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech.
Bui. 460: 1-26.

Exeristes ruficollis (Gravenhorst)
Europe. Introduced in Conn, and N. Y. in 1935-1936 and 7 times in
Ontario between 1933 and 1957 without becoming established. Host: Rhyacionia
biioliana (D. and S. ). Other hosts are known in Europe, but R. buoliana was the target
species for introductions in N. Amer.
Pimpla ruficollis Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 153. ♀.
Pivipla variegata Ratzeburg, 1844. Ichn. d. Forstins., v. 1, p. 118. ♀.

Biology: Thorpe, 1930. Bui. Ent. Res. 21: 395. —Thorpe and Caudle, 1939. Parasitology 30:
523-528. — Juillet, 1959. Canad. Ent. 91: 709-719.

Genus SCAMBUS Hartig

Revision: Walley, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 14-79.
Genus SCAMBUS Subgenus ENDROMOPODA Hellen

Endromopoda Hellen, 1939. Notulae Ent. 19: 56.

Type-species: Pimpla melanopyga Gravenhorst. Orig. desig.

Scambus detritus (Holmgren)
N. B. to s. B. C, s. to Ohio and Calif.; Europe. Host: Cephus cinctns
Nort., C. pygmaens (L.), Trachelus tabidus (F.).
Pimpla detrita Holmgren, 1860. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (ser. 4), 3(10): 23. ♂, ♀.

Biology: Salt, 1931. Bui. Ent. Res. 22: 519-526. —Holmes, 1953. Canad. Ent. 85: 339.

Scambus lithocolletidis (Ashmead)
Calif. Host: Lithocolletis sp. This is a new subgeneric placement.
The host was reared from Grindelia robusta Nutt.
Pimpla lithocolletidis Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 447. ♂.

Scambus productus Walley
N. S., s. to R. I., w. to Alaska and Calif.

Scambus (Endromopoda) productus Walley, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl.
Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 23.

Scambus rubescens Walley
Western N. Y., w. to Sask., s. to Kans. and Wyo.

Scambus (Endromopoda) rubescens Walley, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus.
Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 19. tJ, 9.

Genus SCAMBUS Subgenus LISSOSCAMBUS Walley

Scambus subg. Lissoscambus Walley, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216 (pt. 2): 25.

Type-species: Scambus (Lissoscambus) arizonensis Walley. Orig. desig.

Scambus arizonensis Walley
Colo., Ariz.; Mexico.

Scambus (Lissoscambus) arizonensis Walley, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl.
Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 25. ♂, ♀.

Genus SCAMBUS Subgenus ATELEOPHADNUS Cameron

Ateleophadnus Cameron, 1905. Invertebrata Pacifica 1: 127.

Type-species: Ateleophadnus bicarinata Cameron. Monotypic.

Scambus deceptor Walley
Que., s. to N. Y., w. to B. C. and Colo.

Scambus (Ateleophadnus) deceptor Walley, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus.
Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 35. ♂, ♀.




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Scambus granulosus Walley
N. S., s. to S. C, w. to N. W. T. and Calif. Host: Mompha eloisella (Clem.).

Scam bus (Atelophadnus) granulosus Walley, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl.
Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 31. ♂, ♀.

Scambus pterophori (Ashmead)
Northern N. S., s. to S. C, w. to Alaska and Calif. Host: Periploca
ceanotliiella (Cosens), Gnorinioschema gallaeasterieUa (Kell.), G. gallaesolidaginus
(Riley), Mompha eloisella (Clem.), Achatodes zeae (Harris), Ancylis comptana (Froel),
Epiblema otiosanum (Clem.), E. scudderianum (Clem.), E. strenuanum (Wlk.),
Grapholitha molesta (Bsk.), Laspeyresia pomonella (L.), Proteoteras aesculana Riley,
Platyptilia carduidactyla (Riley), P. williamsi (Grin.), Ostrinia nubilalis (Hbn.),
Mononychus vulpeculus (F.), Aynetastegia glabrata (Fallen).

Piinpla pterophori Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 445. ♀.

Colpomeria litoralis Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 367. ♂.

Atelophadnus bicarinata Cameron, 1905. Invertebrata Pacifica 1: 128. ♀.

Biology: Vinal and Caffrey, 1919. Mass. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 189: 58. — Leiby, 1922. N. Y.
Ent. Soc, Jour. 30: 93. — Cushman, 1926. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 28: 33. —Wilder, 1927.
Psyche 34: 227-229. — Balduf, 1929. Ohio Jour. Sci. 29: 224-226.

Genus SCAMBUS Subgenus SCAMBUS Hartig

Scambus Hartig, 1838. Jahresber. Fortschr. Forstwiss. Forstl. Naturk. 1: 267.

Type-species: Scambus sagax Hartig. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Tromera Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Vehr. 25: 164.

Type-species: Pimpla pomorum Ratzeburg. Monotypically included and desig. by
Schmiedeknecht, 1888.
Epiurus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 164. Preocc. by Rafinesque,
1815.

Type-species: Pimpla calobata Gravenhorst. Here desig. from two species included
by Woldstedt, 1877 (1876).
Troctocenis Woldstedt, 1877 (1876). Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Bui. 22: 296.

Type-species: Troctocenis elegans Woldstedt. Monotypic.
Pseudopoemenia Kiss, 1924. Siebenbuerg. Ver. Naturw., Verh. u. Mitt. 72-74: 91.
Type-species: Pseudopoemenia annulata Kiss. Monotypic.

Scambus annulatus (Kiss)
N. S., Que., N. H., N. W. T., Alaska and B. C; Europe. Host: Spilonota
ocellana (D. and S.). This species had been misidentified as Scambiis nucum.
(Ratzeburg), a synonym of planatus Hartig, which is not known from North America.
Psezidopoemenia annulata Kiss, 1924. Siebenbuerg. Ver. Naturw., Verh. u. Mitt. 72-74: 92.

S.
Pimpla lativentris Ulbricht, 1926. Konowia 5: 51. ♂, ♀. Preocc. by Rudow, 1881.
Pimpla trilobata Keler, 1937. Prace Wydz. Chorob. Roslin Panst. Inst. Nauk. Gosp. Wiejsk.
w Bydgoszczy 16: 11. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Oehlke, 1966. Beitr. z. Ent. 16: 189.

Scambus aplopappi (Ashmead)
Nebr., Colo., N. Mex., Idaho, Ariz., Wash., Calif. Host: Coleotechnites
milleri (Bsk.), Etiella zinckenella (Treit.), Rhyacionia frustrana bushnelli (Bsk.), R.
neomexicana (Dyar), Stomopteryx nigrella (Cham.).
Pimpla aplopappi Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 446. ♂.
Scambus evetrivorus Rohwer, 1915. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 49: 225. ♀.

Scambus atrocoxalis (Ashmead)
Newfoundland (Labrador), N. W. T., Alta., Yukon, Alaska; Sweden.

Epiurus atrocoxalis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 49: 225. ♂, ♀.

Scambus brevicornis (Gravenhorst)
Newfoundland (Labrador) s. to N. J., w. to Alaska and Calif.;
Greenland; Europe. Host: Anthophila pariana (Clerck), C horistoneura rosaceana
(Harris), Laspeyresia nigricana (Steph.), Laspeyresia sp., Parlobesia viteana (Clem.),
Spilonota ocellana (D. and S.).
Pimpla brevicornis Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 211. 6,1.
Pimpla nigriscaposa Thomson, 1877. Opusc. Ent. 8: 755. ♂, ♀.
Pimpla punctiventris Thomson, 1877. Opusc. Ent. 8: 756. ♂, ♀.
Pimpla {Epiurus) balearica Kriechbaumer, 1894. Ann. Hist. Nat. Madrid 23: 248. ♀.
Epiurus bicoloripes Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 201. ♀.




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Phthorimus anomalus Morley, 1905. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 53: 420. ♀.
Pimpla euphrantae Schmiedeknecht, 1914. Ztschr. f. Angew. Ent. 1: 452. ♂, ♀.
Pimpla ameformis Keler, 1937. Prace Wydz. Chorob. Roslin Panst. Inst. Nauk. Gosp.
Wiejsk. w Bydgoszczy 16: 10. ♂, ♀.

Biology: Stuart, 1957. Bui. Ent. Res. 48: 477-488.

Scambus buolianae (Hartig)
Europe. Introduced in Ontario in 1956 and 1958, but apparently without
becoming established. Host: Rhyacionia huoliana (D. and S.).
Pimpla Buolianae Hartig, 1838. Jahresber. Fortschr. Forstwiss. Forstl. Naturk. 1: 267. ♂, ♀.
Pimpla flavotrochanterata Pfeffer, 1913. Ver. f. Vaterland. Naturk. in Wuerttemb.,
Jahresh. 69: 814. ♀.

Biology: Leius, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 371. — Leius, 1961. Canad. Ent. 93: 1079. — Leius, 1962.
Canad. Ent. 94: 1078. —Leius, 1963. Canad. Ent. 95: 202.

Scambus canadensis Walley
Northern Que., s. to N. S. and Maine, w. to Alaska and Calif. Host: Glypta
fumiferanae (Vier.), C horistonetira conflictana (Wlk.).
Scambus (Scambus) canadensis Walley, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus.
Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 38. ♂, ♀.

Scambus decorus Walley
N. S. and Que., s. to Mich., w. to Alaska and Wash. Host: Amorbia humerosa
(Clem.), C horistoneura fnmiferana (Clem.), Coleophora pmniella Clem., C . fuscedinella
Zell., Microsetia stipella (Hbn.), Graciliaria sp., Paraclemensia acerifoliella (Clem.),
Phalonia rutilana (Hbn.), Spilonota ocellana (D. and S.).
Scambus (Scambus) decorus Walley, 1960. hi Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216 (pt. 2): 38. ♂, ♀.

Scambus dioryctriae Walley
Sask., Alta. Host: Dioryctria reniciilella (Grt.).

Scambiis (Scambus) dioryctriae Walley, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus.
Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 61. cj, 9.

Scambus foliae (Cushman)
Austria. Introduced in Maine, apparently without becoming established

because of small number of individuals released (50 mated females). Host: Heterarthrus
nemoratus (Fallen).
Epiunis foliae Cushman, 1938. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 28: 27. ♂, ♀.

Biology: Dowden, 1941. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 757: 8, 9, 11, 16-20.

Scambus hispae (Harris)
N. S. s. to Ala., w. to Alaska and Calif. Host: Acrobasis betulella Hulst, A.
comptoniella Hulst, A. rubrifasciella Pack., Anacampis innocuella (Zell.), Dryocampa
rubicunda rubicunda (¥.), Anthophila pariana (Clerck), Archips rosanus (L.),
C horistoneura fumiferana (Clem.), C. pinus Free., Coleophora pruniella Clem.,
Episimus argutanus (Clem.), Exartema connectum McD., Media variegana (Hbn.),
Acleris minuta (Rob.), Grapholitha molesta (Bsk.), Tigrioides bicolor (Grt.), Malacosoma
disstria Hbn., Psilocorsis sp., Spilonota ocellana (D. and S.), Tischeria sp.,
Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis (Haw.), Rhyacionia buoliana (D. and S.), Heterarthrus
nemoratus (Fallen), Metallus rohweri MacG., Anoplitus inaequalis (Weber), A. rosea
(Weber), Arthrochlamys bebbianae Brown, Xenochalepus dorsalis (Thun.), Hyposoter
fugitivus (Say).

Ichneiimon Hispae Harris, 1833. In Hitchcock, Rpt. Geol. Mineral. Bot. Zool. Mass., p. 587.
Nomen nudum.

Ichneumon hispae Harris, 1835. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Jour. 1: 149-150. ♀.

Pimpla indagatrix Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 146. ♂.

Pimpla minuta Weed, 1887. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Bui. 3: 41. ♂.

Pimpla gossypii Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 445. ♀.

Scambus (Scambus) teciimseh Viereck, 1917. Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey Bui.
22: 320. 9. N. syn. In Walley's revision of Scambtis this name is incorrectly applied to a
species for which no name is apparently available.

Scambus (Eremochila) indagator (!) Viereck, 1917. Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist.
Survey Bui. 22: 322.

Biology: Porter and Garman, 1923. Conn. (State) Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 246: 260. — Balduf,
1926. Canad. Ent. 58: 140. —Cushman, 1927. Jour. Agr. Res. 34: 616. — McConnell, 1928.




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Md. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 298: 180. — Schaffner and Griswold, 1934. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc.
Pub. 188: 143. — Balduf, 1937. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 39: 178. —Arthur, 1963. Canad. Ent.
95 (10): 1085-1086.

Scambus imparls Walley
Colo., Alta., Utah, B. C, Wash., Calif. Host: Zelleria haimbachi Bsk.

Scambus (Scambus) imparis Walley, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216 (pt. 2): 51. (J, 9.

Scambus longicorpus
***authority mismatch
longicorpus Walley. Que., N. H., Ont., Sask., Alta., Alaska. Host: Dioryctria
reniculella (Grt.), Laspeyresia youngana (Kft.).
Scambus {Scambus) longicorpus longicorpus Walley, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S.
Nat. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 44. cJ, 9.

Scambus longicorpus
***authority mismatch
occidentalis Walley, Mont., Colo., B. C, Wash., Calif.

Scambus (Scambus) longicorpus occidentalis Walley, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S.
Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 46. tj, 9.

Scambus nigrifrons (Viereck)
P. E. I., N. S., N. B., Mass., Mich. Host: Orgyia sp, 0. leucostignia (J. E.
S.).
Pimpla (Epiurus) nigrifrons Viereck, 1909. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 11: 211. ♂, ♀.

Scambus protentus Walley
Colo., B. C, Wash. Ecology: The holotype emerged from cones of Picea

sitchensis. Host: Laspeyresia sp.
Scambus (Scambus) protentus Walley, 1960. hi Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.

216 (pt. 2): 40. tJ, 9.
Scambiis (Scambus) portentus (!) Walkley, 1967. hi Krombein and Burks, U. S. Dept. Agr.,

Agr. Monog. 2, Sup. 2, p. 63.

Scambus sagax Hartig
Europe. Introduced in Ontario in 1956 and 1958, apparently without becoming

established. Host: Rhyacionia buoliana (D. and S.), Petrova resinella (L.). The target

species for the introductions in Ontario was R. buoliana.
Scambus sagax Hartig, 1838. Jahresber. Fortschr. Forstwiss. Forstl. Naturk. 1: 267. ♂, ♀.
Pimpla linearis Ratzeburg, 1844. Ichn. d. Forstins. v. 1, p. 117. ♂, ♀.
Pimpla atrocoxata Pfeffer, 1913. Ver. f. Vaterland. Naturk. in Wuerttemb., Jahresh. 69:

343. ♀.

Biology: Harris, 1960. Canad. Jour. Zool. 38: 764. — Adlung and Sailer, 1963. Allg. Forst-u.
Jagd-Ztg. 134 (9): 232-233.

Scambus subtilis Walley
Oreg., Nev., Calif.

Scambus (Scambus) subtilis Walley, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216 (pt. 2): 47. ♀.

Scambus transgressus (Holmgren)
Idaho, s. B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif. Host: Grapholitha packardi

(Zell.), Acleris variana (Fern.), Archips rosanus (L.), C horistoneura occidentalis Free.,
Anthophila pariana (Clem.), Coleopkora laHcella (Hbn.).
Pimpla transgressus Holmgren, 1869 (1868). Eug. Resa, pt. 2 (Zool.), sect. 1 (Ins.), p. 405. ♀.
Epiurus innominatus Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 149. ♀.

Genus SCAMBUS Subgenus ERYTHROSCAMBUS Walley

Scambtis subg. Erythroscambus Walley, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus.
Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 77.

Type-species: Pimpla hirticauda Provancher. Orig. desig.

Scambus hirticauda (Provancher)
Ariz., B. C, Wash., Calif. Host: Lithocolletis felinelle Hein.,
Setiostoma femaldella Riley, Gracillaria sp.
Pimpla hirticauda Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 116. ♀.
Provancher erroneously gave the type locality as Ontario, but Walley (I960) established
that Victoria, B. C. is the actual type locality.

Genus CALLIEPHIALTES Ashmead

Calliephialtes Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 54.

Type-species: Pimpla xanthothorax Ashmead. Monotypic and orig. desig.




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Calliephialtes ferrugineus Cushman
Southern Fla.; Puerto Rico, Cuba. Host: Hypsipyla grandella (ZelL),
Peetinophora gossypiella (Sdrs.). The specimens upon which these host records are
based are from Puerto Rico.
Calliephialtes femigineus Cushman, 1940. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 88: 362. ♀.

Calliephialtes grapholithae (Cresson)
Mass., s. to Fla., w. to Mich, and Texas. Host: Acrobasis hebescella
Hulst, A.juglandis (LeB.), A. nibrifasciella Pack., Carmenia texana (Hy. Ed.)?,
Laspeyresia caryana (Fitch), Meskea dyspteraria Grt., Stagmatophora ceanothiella Cos.,
Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis (Haw.), Megalopyge opercularis (J. E. S.).

Pimpla grapholithae Cresson, 1890. In Hamilton, Ent. News 1: 50. ♂, ♀.

Pimpla xanthothorax Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 446. ♀.

Biology: Hamilton, 1890. Ent. News 1: 49 —Nickels, Pierce, and Pinkney, 1950. U. S. Dept.
Agr., Tech. Bui. 1011: 12-14.

Morphology: Peck, 1937. Canad. Jour. Res., Sect. D (Zool. Sci.) 15: 248, 249, 252.

Calliephialtes notandus (Cresson)
Southern Que., s. to Fla., w. to s. B. C. and Calif. Host: Epiblema

desertayium (Zell.), E. scudderianum (Clem.), E. stremianum (Wlk.), "Gelechia" sp.,
Gnorimoschema baccharisella Bsk., G. gallaeasteriella (Kell.), G. gallaesolidaginis
(Riley), Walshia "amorphella" Clem.
Pimpla 7iota7ida Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 148. (5,9.

Biology: Riley, 1877. Mo. State Ent., Ann. Rept. 9: 98. — Leiby, 1922. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour.
30: 93.

Calliephialtes thurberiae Cushman
Southeastern N. Mex., Ariz.; Mexico, Costa Rica. Host: Anthonomus
grandis thurberiae Pierce, Disholcaspis sp., Acrobasis nuxvorella Neun., Antron
pliimbeuvi (Weld).
Calliephialtes thurberiae Cushman, 1915. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 17: 132. ♂, ♀.

Genus PIMPLA Fabricius

Pimpla Fabricius, 1804. Systema piezatorum, p. 112.

Type-species: Ichneumon manifestator Linnaeus. Desig. by Curtis, 1828. Members
of this genus parasitize aculeate Hymenoptera which nest in wood. My reasons
for using the name Pimpla rather than Ephialtes for this genus are given in the
introductory discussion of the Ichneumonidae.

Pimpla brevis (Morley)
Que., Ont., Man., Sask., Alta.; Europe. Host: Megachile sp., M. inerviis Prov.,
M. nivalis Friese.
Ephialtes brevis Morley, 1914. Rev. Ichn. Brit. Mus., v. 3, p. 23. ♀.

Pimpla decumbens Townes
Iowa, Colo., B. C, Calif.

Pimpla decumbens Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2):
102. ♂, ♀.

Pimpla macra (Cresson)
N. Y., Colo., Oreg., Calif. Host: Passaloecus sp. The host record given by

Townes and Townes as 'W. brevicomis" is a mistake for Dendroctonus brevicomis LeC,
the pupal cells of which harbored the true host, Passaloecus sp.
Ephialtes macer Cresson, 1868. Canad. Ent. 1: 35. ♀.

Pimpla spatulata Townes
Que. s. to N. C, w. to B. C. and Calif.; Europe. Host: Euodynenis sp.,
Ancistrocerus lineative7itris Cameron.
Pimpla spatulata Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2):
106. ♂, ♀.

Genus LIOTRYPHON Ashmead

Liogaster Kriechbaumer, 1890. Ent. Nachr. 16: 297. Preocc. by Meyer, 1844.

Type-species: Liogaster longulus Kriechbaumer. Monotypic.
Liotryphon Ashmead, 1900. Canad. Ent. 30: 368. New name for Liogaster Kriechbaumer.
Apistes Seyrig, 1927. Eos 3: 221. Preocc. by Fischer, 1823; Cuvier, 1829.

Type-species: Apistes perversus Seyrig. Monotypic. The type-species is regarded as
a synonym of Liotryphon ruficollis (Desvignes).
Apistephialtes Seyrig, 1928. Eos 4: 380. N. name for Apistes Seyrig.




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Neoephialtes Constantineanu and Pisica, 1970. An. Stiintifice Universitatii "Al. I. Cuza"
din lasi, sect. II (Stiinte Nat.) a. Biol. Mong. 2: 18.

Type-species: Neophialtes foveolatus Constantineanu and Pisica. Monotypic and
orig. desig.

Liotryphon arcticus (Roman)
N. W. T., Alaska; Siberia.

Ephialtes arcticus Roman, 1926 (1914). Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem., ser. 8 (el.
Phys. Math.) 29 (7): 6. ♀.

Liotryphon caudatus (Ratzeburg)
Europe. Introduced in California in 1904 and 1905 and in the eastern U.
S. A. in 1935 and 1936, apparently without becoming permanently established. Host:
Laspeyresia pomonella (L.).
Pimpla caudata Ratzeburg, 1848. Ichn. d. Forstins., v. 2, p. 92. ♀.
Ephialtes brevivalvis Hensch, 1929; 1930. Konowia 8: 159; 9: 75, 249. ♂, ♀.
Neoephialtes foveolatus Constantineanu and Pisica, 1970. Stiintifice Universitatii "Al. I.
Cuza" din lasi, sect. II (Stiinte Nat.) a. Biol. Monog. 2: 19. ♀.

Taxonomy: Perkins, 1939. Bui. Ent. Res. 30: 307-308.

Biology: Whitaker, 1907. Calif. State Comm. Hort., Bien. Rpt. 2: 231-235.

Liotryphon coracinus (Townes)
N. Y., N. J., Md., N. C, Tex.

Apistephialtes coracinus Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 2): 99. ♂, ♀.

Liotryphon dentatus (Townes)
Colo., Alta., B. C, Oreg., Calif. Host: Enoclenis sphegics (F.), Thanasimus
nigriventris (LeC).
Apistephialtes dentatus Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 2):97. (J, 9.

Liotryphon laspeyresiae (Uchida)
Japan. Introduced in N. J. from 1934-1936, apparently without becoming
established. Host: Grapholitha 7nolesta (Bsk.).
Ephialtes laspeyresiae Uchida, 1932. Insecta Matsumurana 6: 160. ♂, ♀.

Biology: Allen, Holloway, and Haeussler, 1940. U. S. Dept. Agr. Cir. 561: 48.

Liotryphon masoni (Townes)
Ont., Man., N. W. T., Alta., Alaska, Yukon.

Apistephialtes masoni Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt.

2): 93. ♀.

Liotryphon nucicola (Cushman)
Colo., N. Mex., Ariz., B. C. s. to Calif. Ecology: May parasitize

lepidopterous inquilines in the galls of the Hymenoptera listed as hosts. Host: Ajidricus

sp., Atrusca sp., Disholcaspis eldoradensis (Beut.), Pontania sp., Gnorimoschema

baccharisella Bsk., Laspeyresia pomonella (L.), Periploca cea7iothiella (Cosens),

Proteoteras arizonae Kft., Walshia amorphella Clem., Melissopus latiferreanus (Wlsm.).
Calliephialtes nucicola Cushman, 1931. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 79 (14): 5. ♂, ♀.

Liotryphon petulcus (Cresson)
Tex.; Mexico.

Pimpla petulca Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 165. ♀.

Liotryphon punctulatus (Ratzeburg)
Europe. Introduced in Idaho (year unknown), without attempts at

recovery; lacking evidence to the contrary, it is here presumed to be unestablished.

Host: Laspeyresia pomonella (L.). Other hosts are known, but that listed was the target

species for the introduction in Idaho.
Pimpla punctulata Ratzeburg, 1848. Ichn. d. Forstins., v. 2, p. 90. ♀.
Ephialtes extensor Taschenberg, 1863. Ztschr. Gesam. Naturw. Halle 21: 255. 6, 9. This is

the name which was applied to the material imported to Idaho.
Ephialtes discolor Brischke, 1880. Naturf. Gesell. Danzig, Schr. (n. s.) 4 (4): 110. ♂, ♀.
Liogaster longuius Kriechbaumer, 1890. Ent. Nachr. 16: 297. ♀.
Ephialtes macrurus Habermehl, 1916. Ztschr. f. Wiss. Insektenbiol. 12: 163. ♀. Preocc. by

Thomson, 1895.
Ephialtes tener Hensch, 1929; 1930. Konowia 8: 140; 9: 75, 245. ♂, ♀.
Ephialtes venialis Hensch, 1929; 1930. Konowia 8: 152; 9: 76. ♂.
Ephialtes gracileyit^is Hensch, 1930. Konowia 9: 75. Nomen nudum.

Taxonomy: Perkins, 1939. Bui. Ent. Res. 30: 307-308.

Biology: Lyngnes, 1960. Norsk Ent. Tidsskr. 11: 122-134.




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Liotryphon variatipes (Provancher)
Que., N. H. s. to Md., W. Va., w. to Minn. Host: Canarsia

ulmiarrosorella (Clem.), Laspeyresia pomonella (L.), Grapholitlia molesta (Bsk.).
Ephialtes variatipes Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 114. ♂.
Pimpla stultor Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 367. ♂.
Calliephialtes benefactor Cushman, 1931. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 79 (14): 6. ♂, ♀.

Genus TOWNESIA Ozols

Townesia Ozols, 1962. Latvijas Ent. 6: 12.

Type-species: Ephialtes tenuiventris Holmgren. Monotypic and orig. desig.

Townesia tenuiventris (Holmgren)
Que. s. to Md., w. to B. C. and Calif.; Eurasia. Ecology: Known to
parasitize aculeate Hymenoptera which nest in wood as well as sawflies which occupy
abandoned pupal cells of Coleoptera in the bark of trees, particularly Pinus. Host:
Trypoxylon figuhis (L.), Chelostoma maxillosum (L.), Xiphydria sp., Strongylogaster
sp., S. lineata (Christ). Except for Xiphydria sp., the preceding host records are
European. The record for Xiphydria sp. needs confirming, and the host record given in
the revision of Townes and Townes (1960) as Melanophila consputa LeC. appears to be
incorrect according to card file data pertaining to the specimen in question.

Ephialtes tenuiventris Holmgren, 1859. Svenska Vetensk. Akad., Ofvers. af ... Forhandl.
16: 123. Nomen nudum.

Ephialtes tenuiventris Holmgren, 1860. Svenska Vetensk.- Akad., Handl. (ser. 4) 3 (10): 14.
d, 9.

Ephialtes geniculatus Brischke, 1864. Phys. Oekonom. Gesell. Koenigsberg, Schr. 5: 179. ♂.
Uncertain syn.

Ephialtes pnsio Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 111. ♀.

Ephialtes antefurcalis Thomson, 1877. Opusc. Ent. 8: 741. ♀.

Ephialtes pacificus Harrington, 1894. Canad. Ent. 26: 24c. S, 9.

Ephialtes incertus Hensch, 1929; 1930. Konowia 8: 149; 9: 76. ♂.

Ephialtes gracilis Hensch, 1930. Konowia 9: 76. Nomen nudum.

Biology: Welke, 1966. Beitr. z. Ent. 9: 261-263.

Genus ANASTELGIS Townes

Anastelgis Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 109.
Type-species: Anastelgis terminalis Townes. Orig. desig.

Anastelgis terminalis Townes
Wash., Calif.

Anastelgis terminalis Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt.
2): 110. ♂, ♀.

Genus DOLICHOMITUS Smith

Closterocerus Hartig, 1847. Naturw. Ver. Harz, Ber., 1846-1847, p. 18. Preocc. by
Westwood, 1833.

Type-species: Closterocerus sericeus Hartig. Monotypic.
Dolichomitus Smith, 1877. Zool. Soc. London, Proc, p. 411.

Type-species: Dolichomitus longicauda Smith. Monotypic.
Mesoephialtes Schmiedeknecht, 1906. Opusc. Ichn., v.3, p. 1014.

Type-species: Mesoephialtes coracinus Schmiedeknecht. Monotypic. The
type-species is regarded as a subspecies of Dolichomitus zonatus (Cresson).
Diclosterocerus Viereck, 1914. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 83: 45. New name for Closterocerus

Hartig.
Ichneumon subg. Exeristoidea Viereck, 1924. Canad. Ent. 56: 202.

Type-species: Ichneumon {Exeristoidea) watsoni Viereck. Orig. desig.
Tuberculephialtes Ozols, 1962. Latvijas Ent. 6: 19.

Type-species: Ichneumon tuberculatus Geoffroy. Orig. desig.

Members of this genus parasitize woodborers, usually Coleoptera. Ideally, the name Ephialtes
would apply to this genus (see introductory discussion of the family).




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Dolichomitus aciculatus (Hellen)
Que., Yukon, B. C; Europe. Host: Tetropium gabrieli Weise. This is a
European host record.
Ephialtes acicidaUis Hellen, 1915. Soc. pro Fauna et Flora Fenn., Acta 40: 25. ♀.

Ephialtes nodosus Gyorfi, 1941. Erdeszetl Kiserletek 43: 237, 247. "♂"=♀.

Morphology: Noskiewicz and Chudoba, 1951. Polski Pismo Ent. 21: 43-46, 57-58.

Dolichomitus buccatus Townes
Colo., B. C, Oreg.

Dolichomitus buccatus Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 2): 141. ♀.

Dolichomitus californicus Townes
Colo., N. Mex., Ariz., Idaho, Utah, B. C. s. to Calif. Host: Oeme costata
LeC, Seynanotus ligneus (F.).
Dolichomitus californicus Townes, 1960. hi Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 2): 146. ♂, ♀.

Dolichomitus cephalotes (Holmgren)
Que., Sask., Alta.; Europe.

Ephialtes cephalotes Holmgren, 1859. Svenska Vetensk-Akad., Ofvers. af ... Forhandl. 16:

123. Nomen nudum.
Ephialtes cephalotes Holmgren, 1860. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (ser. 4) 3 (10): 13. ♀.
Ephialtes longicauda Mocsary, 1897. Termes. Fuzetek 20: 644. 2. Preocc. in

Dolichomitus by Smith, 1877.
Ichneumon (Exeristoidea) watsoni Viereck, 1924. Canad. Ent. 56: 202. ♀.

Dolichomitus cuspidatus Townes
Calif. Host: Monochanuis maculosus Hald.

Dolichomitus cuspidatus Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 2): 120. cJ, 9.

Dolichomitus dolichosoma (Viereck)
Pa., Md., N. C, S. C, Ga., Ala., Kans., Colo. Ecology: Parasitizes
woodborers of angiosperms.
Ephialtes dolichosoma Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 637. ♀.

flexilis Townes. Man., N. W. T., Yukon.

Dolichomitus jlexilis Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt.
2): 142. ♀.

Dolichomitus foxleei Townes
N. S. w. to B. C, s. to Colo, and Calif. Host: Acanthocinus sp.

Dolichomitus foxleei Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt.
2): 145. ♀.

Dolichomitus imperator (Kriechbaumer)
N. S. s. to Tenn., w. to Alaska and Calif; Eurasia. Host: Asemum
nitidum LeC, Xylotrechus sp., Monochamus sp.
Ephialtes imperator Kriechbaumer, 1854. Stettin. Ent. Ztg. 15: 156. ♀.
Ephialtes occidentalis Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. PhUa., Proc. 4: 269. ♀.

Dolichomitus irritator (Fabricius)
Maine s. to Ga., w. to Minn, and Tex. Host: Anoplodera proxima (Say),
Astyleiopus variegatus (Hald.), E laphidionoides incertus (New.), E. villosus (F.),
Graphisurus sp., G. fasciatus (DeG.), Megacyllene caryae (Gah.), M. robiniae (Forst.),
Obriiim rufulum Gah., Pachyta lamed (L.), Saperda discoidea F., Stenocoms lineatus
(Oliv.), Xylotrechus annosus (Say), Melandrya striata Say, Synchroa punctata New.,
Cryptorhynchus lapathi (L.), Chrysobothris sp., Synanthedon tipulifomiis (Clerck).
Ichneumon irritator Fabricius, 1775. Systema Ent., p.336. ♀.

Biology: Chittenden, 1893. U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 5: 257. — MacAndrews, 1933. Ent.
Soc. Ontario, Ann. Rpt. 63: 50.

Morphology: Pratt, 1939. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 32: 735, 737.
messor perlongus (Cresson). N. B. s. to Va., w. to B. C. and Calif. Host: Buprestis confluenta
Say, Saperda calcarata Say, Saperda inomata Say., Xylocrius agassizi (LeC). D.
messor messor Gravenhorst is European.
Ephialtes perlongus Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 143. ♂.
Ephialtes gigas Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 110. ♀.

Dolichomitus messor sparsus Townes, 1960. hi Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216 (pt. 2): 132, 133. ♂, ♀. N. syn.




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Dolichomitus populneus (Ratzeburg)
Ont., Sask., Colo., Wash.; Europe. Host: Saperda populnea (L.). This
host is recorded from Europe, but one North American specimen has been reared from
an unknown borer in Populus sp.

Ephialtes populneus Ratzeburg, 1848. Ichn. d. Forstins., v. 2, p. 100. ♂, ♀.

Ephialtes abbreviatus Thomson, 1877. Opusc. Ent. 8: 740. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Hinz, 1961. Deut. Ent. Ztschr. (N. F.) 8: 254-255.

Dolichomitus pterelas (Say)
N. B. s. to S. C, w. to B. C. and Oreg.; Europe.

Ichneumon (Pimpla) pterelas Say, 1829. Contrib. Maclurian Lyceum to Arts and Sci. 1: 71. ♀.
Ephialtes discrepans Hensch, 1929; 1930. Konowia 8: 145; 9: 74. ♂.

Taxonomy: Cushman and Gahan, 1921. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 23: 166.

Dolichomitus pygmaeus (Walsh)
N. H. s. to N. C, w. to B. C. and Calif. Host: Plectrura spinicauda Mann.

Ephialtes pygmaeus Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 111. ♀.

Dolichomitus sericeus (Hartig)
N. B., Que., Ont., Alaska, Yukon, B. C; Europe. Host: Tetropium
cinnamopterum Kby.
C losterocerus sericeus Hartig, 1847. Naturw. Ver. Harz, Ber. 1846-1847, p. 18. ♂.

Dolichomitus taeniatus Townes
Ariz., Calif. Host: Chrysobothris edwardsii Horn.

Dolichomitus taeniatus Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 2): 118. (J, 9.
terebrans nubilipennis (Viereck). N. S. s. to N. C, w. to B. C. and Calif. Host: Pissodes dubius
Rand., P. engelmanni Hopk., P.fasciatus LeC, P.fraseri Hopk., P. rotundatus LeC. D.
terebrans terebrans (Ratzeburg) occurs in Europe.
Exeristes nubilipennis Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 638. ♀.
Exeristes hyalinipennis Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 638. ♀.

Biology: Taylor, 1929. Ent. Amer. 10: 26-30, 68.

Dolichomitus tuberculatus
***authority mismatch
tuberculatus (Geoffroy). N. B. s. to N. Y., w. to Alaska and Oreg.; Europe,

northern Asia (excluding Japan). Host: Hylobius pinicola (Coup.), Monochamus sp., M.

scutellatus (Say). A second subspecies, D. t. jezoensis (Uchida), occurs in Japan.
Ichneumon tuberculatus Geoffroy, 1785. In Fourcroy, Ent. Parisiensis, v. 2, p. 385. ♀.
Ichneumon leucoptenis Gmelin, 1790. In Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., Ed. 13, p. 2699. 6 ?

Uncertain syn.
Ichneumon hyalinus Gmelin, 1790. In Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., Ed. 13, p. 2700. 9. Uncertain

syn.
Ichneumon crispus Christ, 1791. Naturgesch. Class. Nomencl. Ins., p. 364. 9. Uncertain

syn.
Ichneumon fluctuans Christ, 1791. Naturgesch. Class. Nomencl. Ins., p. 365. 9. Uncertain

syn.
Ephialtes parallelus Thomson, 1888. Opusc. Ent. 12: 1248. ♀.
Ephialtes dentiventris Hellen, 1915. Soc. Fauna et Flora Fenn., Acta 40: 29. 9. Uncertain

syn.
Ephialtes pfefferi Habermehl, 1918. Ztschr. f. Wiss. Insektenbiol. 13: 165. ♀.

Biology: Stroiny, 1951. Polskie Pismo Ent. 21: 140-144.

Dolichomitus vitticrus Townes
Que. s. to Pa., w. to Wis. and Kans.

Dolichomitus vitticrus Townes, 1960. hi Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt.
2): 148. cJ, 9.

Genus ACROPIMPLA Townes

Selenaspis Roman, 1910. Ent. Tidskr. 31(2-3): 191. Preocc. by Bleeker, 1858; Leonardi,
1898.

Type-species: Hemipimpla alboscutellaris Szepligeti. Orig. desig.
Acropimpla Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 159.
Type-species: Charitopimpla leucostoma Cameron. Orig. desig. Walkley (1967; In
Krombein and Burks, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, sup. 2, p. 68) states that
Acropimpla must have the same type-species as Selenaspis, but this is incorrect




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because Townes did not expressly propose Acropimpla as a replacement name
for Selenaspis.

Acropimpla alboricta (Cresson)
Newfoundland (Labrador) s. to S. C, w. to Alaska and Calif. Host:

Acrobasis betulella Hulst, Anacaynpsis sp., Archips argyrospilus (Wlk.), Argyrotaenia
pinatubana (Kft.), Ckoristoneura Jumiferana (Clem.), C. rosaceana (Harris), Episimus
argutanus (Clem.), Gracilaria rhoifoiiella Chamb., Pandeinis limitata (Rob.),
Pantographa limata G. and R., Spilonota ocellana (D. and S.), Zotheca tranquilla Grt.
Pimpla alboricta Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc. Trans. 3: 147. ♂.
Pimpla investigatrix Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 142. ♀.

Biology: Cushman, 1926. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 28: 33.

Acropimpla pronexus Townes
N. B. s. to N. Y., w. to B. C. and Wyo. Host: Glypta fumiferanae (Vier.).
Acropimpla pronexus Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt.
2): 161. ♀.

Genus GREGOPIMPLA Momoi

Gregopimpla Momoi, 1965. In Townes, Momoi, and Townes, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 601.
Type-species: Pimpla kuwanae Viereck. Orig. desig.

According to Momoi (1965), members of this genus are usually gregarious parasites of
Lepidoptera which spin cocoons.

Gregopimpla inquisitor (Scopoli)
Europe. Introduced in Ont. in 1955 for control of the native Ckoristoneura

Jumiferana (Clem.). Only a small number of individuals (38) were released, which would

seem to have precluded establishment.
Ichneumon inquisitor Scopoli, 1763. Ent. Cam., p. 286. ♀.

Ichneumon scanicus Geoffroy, 1785. In Fourcroy, Ent. Parisiensis, v. 2, p. 416. ♀.
Ichneumon albipes Gmelin, 1790. hi Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., Ed. 13, v. 1, p. 2701. ♂.
Ichneumon variegatus Gmelin, 1790. In Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., Ed. 13, v. 1, p. 2701. ♂.

Preocc. by Schrank, 1785.
Ichneumon aurifrons Gmelin, 1790. In Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., Ed. 13, v. 1, p. 2702. ♀.
Ichneiimon annulatus Gmelin, 1790. In Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., Ed. 13, v. 1, p. 2702. ♀.
Ichneumon pennator Fabricius, 1793. Ent. System., v. 2, p. 171. ♀. Preocc. by Fabricius,

1793, p. 155.
Ichneiimon pinnator Thunberg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem. 8:

274; 9: 348. N. name for /. pennator Fabricius, 1793, p. 155.
Pimpla flavipes Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 197. ♂.
Pimpla prini Hartig, 1838. Jahresber. Fortschr. Forstw. 1: 253. Pimpla pudibundae Ratzeburg, 1848. Ichn. d. Forstins., v. 2, p. 167. ♂, ♀.
Pimpla inquisitrix Schulz, 1906. Spolia Hym., p. 104. Emend.

Genus ISEROPUS Foerster

Iseropus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 164.

Type-species: Ichneumon graminellae Schrank. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Woldstedt, 1877. The type-species is considered to be a synonym of
Iseropus stercorator {¥.).
Cnemopimpla Cameron, 1903. Entomologist 36: 159.

Type-species: Cnemopimpla pilosa Cameron. Monotypic.

Members of this genus are gregarious parasites of insects (usually Lepidoptera) which spin
flimsy cocoons. One to twenty adults may emerge from one host cocoon.

Iseropus californiensis Cushman
Colo., N. Mex., Calif. Host: Malacosoma califomicum califomicum
(Pack.), M. c. fragile Stretch, M. c. pluviale Dyar, Malacosoma sp.
Iseropus californiensis Cushman, 1940. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 42: 58. 6 , 9. In his key,
Cushman used the variant spelling "califomicus."




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Iseropus coelebs (Walsh)
N. B. s. to Fla., w. to Minn, and Tex. Host: Orgyia leucostigma (J. E. S.),

Orgyia sp., Malacosoma americanum (F.), M. disstria Hbn., "Olene" sp., Metallus

rohweri MacG.
Ichneumon inquisitor Say, 1829. Contrib. Maclurian Lyceum to Arts and Sci. 1: 71. ♀.

Preocc. by Scopoli, 1763.
Pimpla coelebs Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 141. ♂.
Pimpla inquisitoriella Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 435. N. name for /. inquisitor

Say.

Biology: Howard, 1897. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent. BuL 7: 16. —Howard, 1897. U. S. Dept.
Agr., Div. Ent. Tech. Ser. 5: 8-17, 23, 31, 54. —Howard, 1898. Ent. Soc. Ont., Ann. Kept. 28:
88. — Fiske, 1903. N. H. Agr. Expt. Sta., Tech. Bui. 6: 198-200. — Cushman, 1926. Ent. Soc.
Wash., Proc. 28: 33. — Schaffner and Griswold, 1934. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 188: 143.

Morphology: Peck, 1937. Canad. Jour. Res., Sect. D (Zool. Sci.) 15: 245-246. —Pratt, 1939.
Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 32: 735.

stercorator orgyiae (Ashmead). N. S. s. to Md., w. to Alaska and Calif. Host: C horistoneura
rosaceana (Harr.), Ctenucha virginica (Charp.), Halisidota sp., Orgyia sp., 0.
leucostigma (J. E. S.), 0. vetusta (Bdv.), Malacosoma sp., M. disstria Hbn., Simyra
henrici (Grt.). Iseropus stercorator stercorator (Fabricius) occurs in Europe.

Pimpla orgyiae RUey, 1891. In Riley and Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 3: 462.
Nomen nudum.

Ictoplectis (!) orgyiae Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 213. ♀.

Pimpla (Epiurus) bninneifrons Viereck, 1909. Ent. News 20: 291. ♂, ♀.

Iseropus bninneifrons septentrionalis Cushman, 1940. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 42: 56. ♂, ♀.

Biology: Patch, 1921. Maine Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 302: 318. (as coelebs, misdet.).

Genus TROMATOBIA Foerster

Tromatobia Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 164.

Type-species: Pimpla variabilis Holmgren. Desig. by Ashmead, 1900 from ten
species included by Schmiedeknecht, 1888.
Austropimpla Brethes, 1913. Buenos Aires, Mus. Nac. de Hist. Nat., An. 24: 40.

Type-species: Austropimpla huebrichi Brethes. Monotypic and orig. desig. Members
of this genus are gregarious parasites of spider egg cocoons.

Tromatobia notator (Fabricius)
N. C, Ga., Fla.; Cuba, Puerto Rico, Haiti, Guyana? Host: Argiope

argentata {¥.), Glyptocranium comigenim (Hentz). The species was reared from the

latter host in Fla., from the former in Puerto Rico.
Pimpla notator Fabricius, 1804. Systema Piezatorum, p. 115. ♀.
Clistopygai lateralis Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 34. ♂, ♀.
Ephialtes Cressoni Dewitz, 1881. Berlin. Ent. Ztschr. 25: 205. ♀.
Pimpla notatrix Schulz, 1906. Spolia Hym., p. 104. Emend.

Tromatobia ovivora (Boheman)
N. S. s. to S. C, w. to Alaska and Calif.; Mexico, Hawaii, Europe, n. Asia.

Host: Araneus diadema L., A. solitarius (Emrtn.)., Argiope avara Thor., A. argentata

(F.), Cyrtophora califomiensis Keys.
Pimpla ovivora Boheman, 1821. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (ser. 3) 9: 336. ♂, ♀.
Ichneumon vexatorius Thunberg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem. 8:

281; 9: 368. [female].
Ichneumon armillatorius Thunberg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem.

8: 281; 9: 368. [male].
Pimpla angens Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 162. ♂, ♀.
Pimpla scriptifrons Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 148. ♀.
Pimpla vidua Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 140. ♀.
Pimpla parallela Thomson, 1877. Opusc Ent. 8: 752. ♀.
Pimpla albipes Brischke, 1891. Naturf. Gesell. Danzig, Schr. (n. s.) 7 (4): 63. 6. Synonymy

uncertain.
Pimpla defensator Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 267. ♀.
Pimpla defensatrix Schulz, 1906. Spolia Hym., p. 104. Emend.
Pimpla landerensis Viereck, 1906. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 32: 243. ♀.




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Apechtis rugulosa Morley, 1914. Rev. Ichn. Brit. Mus., v. 3, p. 34. ♀.

Biology: Nielsen, 1923. Ent. Meddel. 14: 194-195. -Shaw, 1930. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 38: 465.

Tromatobia rufopectus (Cresson)
Maine s. to Fla., w. to Iowa and Tex. Host: Argiope aurantia (Lucas), A.
trifasciata (Forsk.), Epeira sp. Townes (1960) treated rufopectus as a subspecies of
ovivora, but the geographical range of ovivora extends throughout most of that of
rufopectus. Morphological and biological differences discussed by Townes also indicate
that these two taxa should be treated as separate species.
Pimpla rufopectus Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 148. ♀.

Biology: Champlain, 1922. Psyche 29: 97.

Morphology: Pratt, 1939. Ent. Soc. Amer, Ann. 32: 735.

Tromatobia variabilis (Holmgren)
N. S. s. to Fla., w. to Alaska and Calif.; Europe; n. Asia.

Pimpla abdominalis Brulle, 1846. hi Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 99. ♂.

Preocc. by Gravenhorst, 1829.
Pimpla variabilis Hohngren, 1856 (1854). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. 75: 88. ♂, ♀.
Pimpla rufovariata Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 149. ♀.
Polyspkincta cingulata Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 3: 141. ♀.
Pimpla epeirae Bignell, 1893. Ent. Monthly Mag. 29: 37. ♂, ♀.
Pimpla rufovariegata (!) Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 448. Lapsus for rufovariata

Cresson.
Pimpla Hibemica Morley, 1908. Ichn. Britannica, v. 3, p. 60. ♂, ♀.
Pimpla variabilis var. ruficoxa Kokujev, 1913. Russ. Ent. Obozr. (Rev. Russe d'Ent.) 13: 167. ♀.
Polyspkincta forsiusi Hellen, 1915. Soc pro Fauna et Flora Fenn., Acta 40: 45. ♂, ♀.
Tromatobia sapporensis Uchida, 1928. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Faculty Agr., Jour. 25: 54. ♂, ♀.

Tromatobia zonata (Davis)
Mass. s. to Fla., w. to Ohio, 111., and Tex. Host: Epeira undata (Oliv.).
Clistopyga zonata Davis, 1895. Ent. News 6: 198. ♀.

Biology: Hubbell, 1932. Ent. Soc. Amer. Ann. 35: 504.

Genus ZAGLYPTUS Foerster

Zaglyptus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 166.

Type-species: Polyspkincta varipes Gravenhorst. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Woldstedt, 1877.

Members of this genus parasitize spider egg cocoons and adults, sometimes simultaneously.

Biology: Nielsen, 1935. Ent. Meddel. 19: 206-215.

Zaglyptus arizonicus Townes
Ariz.

Zaglyptus arizonicus Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt.
2): 192. ♀.

Zaglyptus pictilis Townes
Ga., Ala., Fla.; Cuba?

Zaglyptus pictilis Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2):
194. ♂, ♀.
varipes incompletus (Cresson). N. S. s. to Fla., w. to Alaska and Calif. Z. varipes varipes
(Gravenhorst) occurs in Europe.
Pimpla incompleta Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 147. ♀.
Pimpla animosa Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 165. ♀.
Polyspkincta Riibricapensis Provancher, 1873. Nat. Canad. 5: 470. ♀.
Cylloceria Lemoinei Provancher, 1873. Nat. Canad. 5: 471. ♂.
Polyspkincta pimploides Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 145. ♀.
Polyspkincta nifigaster Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 12: 447. ♀.
Polyspkincta spinosa Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 368. ♀.

Genus CLISTOPYGA Gravenhorst

Clistopyga Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 132.

Type-species: Ichneumon incitator Fabricius. Desig. by Westwood, 1840.




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Ichneumonoglypta Blanchard, 1941. See. Ent. Argentina, Rev. 11: 9.

Type-species: Ichneumonoglypta lopez-richinii Blanchard. Monotypic and orig.
desig.
Hymenomacropyga Uchida, 1941. Insecta Matsumurana 15 (3): 116.

Type-species: Hymenomacropyga latifrontalis Uchida. Monotypic and orig. desig.

The systematic position of Clistopyga within the Pimplinae has been unsettled. Meager
evidence seems to indicate that Clistopyga spp. are parasitic upon egg sacs of species of spiders
which place their egg sacs in crevices. Townes (1960) seems to have given special emphasis to
this fact in removing Clistopyga from the Polysphinctini and placing it, along with Tromatobia
and Zaglyptus, marginally within the Pimplini.

Biology: Nielsen, 1929. Ent. Meddel. 16: 366-368.

Clistopyga alutaria Townes
Ont., Del., N. C, Fla., Wis.

Clistopyga alutaria Townes, 1960. hi Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 216 (pt.
2): 200. cJ, 9.

Clistopyga atrata Cushman
Ariz., Oreg., Calif.

Clistopyga atrata Cushman, 1921. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 60 (4): U. 6, 9.

Clistopyga canadensis Provancher
N. S. s. to Pa., w. to Alta. and Colo.; Europe.

Polysphincta acuta Provancher, 1880. Nat. Canad. 12: 44. ♀.

Clistopyga Canadensis Provancher, 1880. Nat. Canad. 12: 46. ♀.

Clistopyga sauberi Brauns, 1898. Ver. Freunde Naturgesch. Mecklenburg, Arch. 51: 70. ♀.

Clistopyga maculifrons Cushman
Mass. s. to N. C, w. to Minn, and Tex.

Clistopyga maculifrons Cushman, 1921. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 60 (4): 12. ♀.

Clistopyga manni Cushman
N. Mex., B. C, Calif. Host: Agelenopsis sp.; salticid spider.

Clistopyga mamii Cushman, 1921. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 60 (4): 12. ♀.

Clistopyga nigrifrons Cushman
B. C, Calif. Host: Spider eggs. Notes in the U. S. Natl. Mus. indicate
that Cushman's type-specimens were definitely reared from the egg sac of a spider,
although the specimens are labled as "on spider nest."
Clistopyga nigrifrons Cushman, 1921. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 60 (4): 11. ♀.

Clistopyga recurva (Say)
N. J. s. to Fla., w. to Mo. and Tex.

Anomalon rectirvtis Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 243. ♂, ♀.
Clistopyga annulipes Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 150. ♀.
Clistopyga pulchripicta Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 448. ♀.

Genus ALOPHOSTERNUM Cushman

Alophostemum Cushman, 1933. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 82: 7.

Type-species: Alophostemum foliicola Cushman. Monotypic and orig. desig.

Alophosternum foliicola Cushman
Maine, Mass., Calif. Host: Xenochalepus dorsalis (Thun.), Cameraria
aceriella/ Clem., C. corylisella (Chamb.), Paraclemensia acerifoliella (Fitch).
Alophostemum foliicola Cushman, 1933. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 82: 8. ♂, ♀.

Tribe POLYSPHINCTINI

Members of this tribe are parasitic upon spiders. The larvae feed externally and solitarily, ex-
tracting the "juices" of an individual spider which remains active until the polysphinctine larva
matures.

Biology: Nielsen, 1928-1937. Ent. Meddel. 14: 137-205 (1923); 16: 152-155 (1928), 366-368
(1929); 19: 192-215 (1935); 20: 25-28 (1937).

Genus DREISBACHIA Townes

Laufeia Tosquinet, 1903. Soc. Ent. de Belg., Mem. 10: 381. Preocc. by Simon, 1889.

Type-species: Laufeia mira Tosquinet. Monotypic.
Dreisbachia Townes, 1962. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 64 (1): 38. N. name for La M_/eia Tosquinet.




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Dreisbachia navajo (Townes)
Ariz.; Honduras. Ecology: Found along streams at an elevation of 5000 ft. in
Arizona; a spider of the genus Pisaurina was common along these streams.
Laufeia navajo Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2):
223. ♂, ♀.

Dreisbachia slossonae (Davis)
N. B. s. to N. C, w. to Alaska and Calif.

Polysphincta slosso7iae Davis, 1895. hi Slosson, Ent. News 6: 317. Nomen nudum.
Polysplimcta slosso7iae Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 368. ♀.

Genus SCHIZOPYGA Gravenhorst

Schizopyga Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 125.

Type-species: Schizopyga podagrica Gravenhorst. Desig. by Westwood, 1840.
Several recent publications erroneously state that this genus was described
monotypically.

Schizopyga frigida Cresson
Maine s. to N. C, w. to B. C. and Calif.; Europe.

Schizopyga frigida Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 159. ♀.
Schizopyga atra Kriechbaumer, 1887. Ent. Nachr. 14: 87. ♂, ♀.

Polysphincta pontiaci Viereck, 1917. Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey Bui. 22: 317. ♂.

Schizopyga pulchra Walley
Mass., Ont., N. Y., N. J., N. C, Mich., Minn., B. C. Ecology: Occurs in marshy
places. This species appears to be closely related to the European Schizopyga circulator
(Panzer). Future study may show that pulchra is only a subspecies of circulator.
Schizopyga pulchra Walley, 1936. Canad. Ent. 68: 20. ♀.

Genus ZABRACHYPUS Cushman

Zabrachypus Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 37.

Type-species: Zabrachypus primus Cushman. Monotypic and orig. desig.

Zabrachypus primus Cushman
Md., Va., N. C, Ohio, N. Dak., Alta., B. C, Mont., Ariz.
Zabrachypus primus Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 37. ♀.

Genus ACRODACTYLA Haliday

Barypus Haliday, 1837. In Curtis, Guide Arrangement Brit. Ins., ed. 2, p. 94. Nomen

nudum.
Acrodactyla Haliday, 1839 (1838). Ann. Nat. Hist. 2: 117.

Type-species: Pimpla {Acrodactyla) degener Haliday. Desig. by Westwood, 1840.
Symphylus Foerster, 1871. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 28: 105. Preocc. by Dallas,
1851.

Type-species: Symphylus hadrodactylus Foerster. Orig. desig.
Polemophthorus Schulz, 1911. Zool. Ann. (Wuerzburg). 4: 22. N. name for Symphylus
Foerster.

Acrodactyla degener (Haliday)
Maine s. to N. C, w. to Alaska and Calif.; Europe. Host: Lepthyphantes

obsciirus (Blackwall), L. zebrinus (Menge), Microneta viaria (Blackwall), Pityohyphantes
phrygianus (C. L. K.). These hosts were recorded in Europe.

Pimpla (Acrodactyla) degener Haliday, 1839 (1838). Ann. Nat. Hist. 2: 117. ♂, ♀.

Acrodactyla degenera Schulz, 1906. Spolia Hym., p. 103. Emend.

Taxonomy: Sedivy, 1972. Acta Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae 38: 73-79.

Biology: Morley, 1913. Ichn. Britannica, v. 3, p. 133-134. — Nielson, 1923. Ent. Meddel. 14:
163-170 (here misdet. as "Polysphincta pallipes").

Acrodactyla jubata Townes
Colo., Yukon, Wash.

Acrodactyla jubata Townes, 1960. hi Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2):
231. 9

Acrodactyla ocellata Townes
Que., Maine, N. H., Conn., N. Y., Md., N. C, Mich. Host: Pityohyphantes
phrygiamis (C. L. K.).
Acradactyla ocellata Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 216 (pt.
2): 232. ♂, ♀.




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Genus COLPOMERIA Holmgren

Colpomeria Holmgren, 1859. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad., Ofvers af ... Forhandl. 16: 126.
Type-species: Colpomeria laevigata Holmgren. Monotypic. Townes has most
recently been treating Colpomeria as a synonym of Acrodactyla, apparently
because of the structural intermediates of one Formosan species, C. orientalis
(Cushman). Except in C. orientalis, females of this genus have a prominent tooth
on the front femur and a weaker one (sometimes vestigial) on the middle femur.
The femoral teeth seem significant enough to warrant recognition of Colpomeria
as a distinct genus; it also has secondary distinguishing features found only in a
few species of Acrodactyla.

Colpomeria quadrisculpta (Gravenhorst)
N. S. s. to Ga., w. to Alaska and Calif.; Eurasia. Host:

Tetragnatha laboriosa Hentz, T. obtusa C. L. K. In North America quadrisculpta is
known to have been reared only from T. laboriosa.
Ichneumon quadrisculptus Gravenhorst, 1820. R. Accad. delle Sci. Torino, Mem. 24: 378.

S.
Colpomeria laevigata Holmgren, 1859. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad., Ofvers. af ... Forhandl. 16:

127. ♂, ♀.
Glypta mellithorax Riley, 1891. In RUey and Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 3: 463.

Nomen nudum.
Zaglyptus kincaidii Ashmead, 1894. U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 6: 260. ♂, ♀.
Panteles mellithorax Ashmead, 1900 (1899). In Smith, N. J. State Bd. Agr., Ann. Rpt. 27,

Sup., p. 575. Nomen nudum.
Polysphincta albocoxalis Ashmead, 1902. In Slosson, Ent. News 13: 320. Nomen nudum.
Colpomeria mellithorax Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 19. 9. The type locality
is D. C; on page 10 of the paper in which he described mellithorax, Cushman quoted
notes which presumably pertain to the cocoon of the holotype of mellithorax, not to the
female of Toxophoroides scituhis (Cresson).

Taxonomy: Aubert, 1969. Ichn. Ouest-Pal. et Leurs Hotes, pt. 1, p. 70.

Biology: Nielsen, 1937. Ent. Meddel. 20: 25-27. — Capener, 1938. Soc. Brit. Ent., Jour. 1:
209-210. —Howell, 1972. Entomophaga 17: 5-7.

Genus ERUGA Townes

Eruga Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 238.
Type-species: Eruga lineata Townes. Orig. desig.

Eruga atrata Townes
Oreg., Ariz.; Mexico.

Eniga atrata Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 238. ♂, ♀.

Eruga lineata Townes
Que. s. to N. C, w. to B. C. and Calif.

Eruga lineata Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 239. ♂, ♀.

Eruga rufa Townes
Md., S. C, Mo. Host: Frontinella communis Hentz.

Eruga rufa Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 240. ♂, ♀.

Genus PIOGASTER Perkins

Piogaster Perkins, 1958. Entomologist 91: 263.

Type-species: Piogaster rugosa Perkins. Orig. desig. The type-species is considered
to be a synonym of P. pilosator (Aubert).

Piogaster maculata Townes
Calif.

Piogaster maculata Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt.
2): 241. ♀.

Genus OXYRRHEXIS Foerster

Oxyrrhexis Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 166.




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Type-species: Cryptus carbonator Gravenhorst. Monotypically included and desig.
by Schmiedeknecht, 1888.
carbonator texana (Cresson). Que. s. to Va., w. to B. C. and Calif. Host: Steatoda horealis
(Hentz). 0. carbonator carbonator occurs in Europe.
Polyspkincta texana Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 149. ♀.
Polysphincta vicina Provancher, 1873. Nat. Canad. 5: 470. ♂.

Polyspkincta bicarinata Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 368. ♂. Preocc. by
Riley, 1871.

Taxonomy: Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 22.

Genus POLYSPHINCTA Gravenhorst

Polysphincta Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 112.

Type-species: Polysphincta tuberosa Gravenhorst. Desig. by Westwood, 1840.
Ephialtomorpha Ashmead, 1906. In Slosson, Ent. News 17: 324. Nomen nudum.

Revision: Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 20-28.

Polysphincta albipes Cresson
Southern N. Y. s. to Fla., w. to Kans.

Polysphincta albipes Cresson, 1880. In Comstock, U. S. Dept. Agr., Ann. Rpt. for 1879, p.
208. 6 . The type specimen of albipes is lost, and the species had been of somewhat
uncertain identity since being originally described from Florida. A female from Florida
in the U. S. Natl. Mus. collection agrees with the original description except in having
the head ferruginous instead of black. A paratype of eboripes Townes from Kansas
approaches the Florida specimen in coloration and agrees very well structurally. I doubt
that eboripes deserves subspecific distinction, and, therefore, it is synonymized below.
Polysphincta eboripes Townes, 1960. hi Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt.
2): 254. ♂, ♀. N. syn.

Polysphincta burgessii Cresson
N. S. s. to Md., w. to B. C, Oreg., and Colo.

Polysphincta Burgessii Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 149. ♂.
Polysphincta nifopectus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 140. ♀.
Polysphincta (Polysphincta) venatrix DeGant, 1933. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 82: 4. ♀.

Polysphincta koebelei Howard
Wash., Calif. Host: Epeira sp.

Polysphincta (Zaglyptus) koebelei Howard, 1892. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 2: 293. ♀.

Polysphincta limata Cresson
P. E. I. s. to N. C, w. to B. C, Oreg., and Colo.

Polysphincta limata Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 150. ♀.
tuberosa bruneti Provancher. Que. s. to N. Y., w. to Alaska and Calif. P. tuberosa tuberosa
occurs in Europe and northern Asia.
Polysphincta Bruneti Provancher, 1873. Nat. Canad. 5: 471. 9. Barron (1975) rejected the
lectotype selected by Gahan and Rohwer (1918) and gave data for the specimen he
regarded as the holotype.
Polysphincta brunetii Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 401. Emend.
Ephialtomorpha slossonae Ashmead, 1906. In Slosson, Ent. News 17: 324. Nomen nudum.
Polysphincta (Polysphincta) elongata Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 25. ♀.

Taxonomy: Gahan and Rohwer, 1918. Canad. Ent. 50: 169. —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102:
437.

Genus ACROTAPHUS Townes

Acrotaphus Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 256.
Type-species: Epimecis wiltii Cresson. Orig. desig.

Acrotaphus wiltii (Cresson)
Maine s. to Fla., w. to Man. and Tex. Host: Neoscona arabesca (Walck.).
Epimecis Wiltii Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 143. ♀.

Biology: Shannon, 1913. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 15: 162. — Gordh, 1971. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour.
44: 171-172.

Genus SINARACHNA Townes

Sinarachna Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 258.




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Type-species: Polysphincta pallipes Holmgren. Orig. desig.

Sinarachna anomala (Holmgren)
N. S. s. to Fla., w. to Alaska and Calif.; Mexico, Europe. Host: Dictyna

foliacea (Hentz).
Polysphincta anomala Holmgren, 1860. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (ser. 4) 3: 34. ♀.
Polysphincta picticollis Thomson, 1888. Opusc. Ent. 12: 1254. ♂, ♀.
Polysphincta dictynae Howard, 1888. U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 1: 107. ♂.
Polysphincta mimita Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 369. ♀.
Zatypota anomala meridionator Aubert, 1960. Soc. Linn, de Lyon, Bui. Mens. 29: 32. 9. N.

syn. Described from a single female from southern France.
Zatypota anomala meridionator Aubert, 1961 (1960). Vie et Milieu 11: 656. 9. Second

description of anomala meridionator as a new subspecies based on same unique

specimen.
pallipes strigis (Howard). Maine s. to N. C, w. to Alaska and Calif. Host: Epeira foliata

(Geoff.). S. pallipes pallipes occurs in Europe.
Polysphincta (Zatypota) strigis Howard, 1892. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 2: 291. ♀.

Genus ZATYPOTA Foerster

Zatypota Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 166.

Type-species: Ichneumon percontatorius Mueller. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from five
species included by Schmiedeknecht, 1888.
Polysphinctopsis Habermehl, 1917. Ztschr. f. Wiss. Insektenbiol. 13: 167.

Type-species: Polysphincta eximia Schmiedeknecht. Monotypic. This type-species is
considered to be a synonym of Z. albicoxa (Walker).
Lycorinopsis Haupt, 1954. Deut. Ent. Ztschr. (N. F.) 1 (1-11): 110.
Type-species: Lycorinopsis rhombifer Haupt. Orig. desig.

Revision: Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 29-36.

Zatypota alborhombarta (Davis)
Va., Fla., Ariz.; Mexico.

Clistopyga alborhombarta Davis, 1895. Ent. News 6: 198. ♀.

Zatypota arizonica Townes
Ariz.

Zatypota arizonica Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2):
271. ♂.

Zatypota bohemani (Holmgren)
Mont., B. C; Europe.

Polysphincta Bohemani Holmgren, 1860. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (ser. 4) 3: 30. ♀.
Polysphincta bohemanii Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 8, p. 401. Emend.

Zatypota cingulata Townes
N. S. s. to Ga., w. to Wis. and Colo.

Zatypota cingulata Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2):
270. ♂.

Zatypota crassipes Townes
S. C.

Zatypota crassipes Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2):
278. ♀.

Zatypota exilis Townes
Que., N. H.

Zatypota exilis Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2):
269. ♀.

Zatypota favosa Townes
Calif.

Zatypota favosa Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2):
269. ♀.

Zatypota luteipes Townes
Maine, Mass., Ont., Md., N. C.

Zatypota hiteipes Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2):
277. ♂, ♀.

Zatypota nigriceps (Walsh)
N. S. s. to Fla., w. to B. C. and Calif.

Polysphincta nigriceps Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 144. cJ, 9.

Polysphincta nigrita Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 144. 6 . Uncertain syn.

Clistopyga nigrocephala Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 369. ♂.

Polysphincta (Zatypota) braucheri Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 33. ♂, ♀.

Polysphincta (Zatypota) califortiiensis Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 34. ♀.

Polysphincta (Zatypota) crosbyi Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 35. ♂, ♀.




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parva (Cresson). Que. s. to N. C, w. to Wis.

Glypta parva Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 155. ♀.

Zatypota patellata Townes
B. C. s. to Calif.

Zatypota patellata Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2):
268. ♂, ♀.

Zatypota percontatoria (Mueller)
Que. and Ont. s. to N. Y. and Ohio, w. to Alaska and Calif.; Europe.
Host: Araneus cucurbitinus Clerck, Meta segmentata Clerck, Theridium denticulatum
Walck., T. varians Hahn. These hosts are recorded from Europe.

Ichneumon percontatorius Mueller, 1776. Zool. Danicae Prodromus, p. 154. 9. The
neotype designated by Aubert (1969) violates every provision in the Code regarding
neotype selection and is therefore invalid. Aubert (1972) contended that usage of the
name percontatoria by Townes (1960) and Oehlke (1967) violates the principle of first
revisor. However, Townes (1960) stated that he applied the name according to the
interpretation of Gravenhorst (1829), and certainly there is no logical basis for regarding
Schmiedeknecht (1907) as first revisor as did Aubert (1972).

Polysphincta gracilis Holmgren, 1860. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (ser. 4) 3: 32. ♂, ♀.

Polysphincta scntellaris Holmgren, 1860. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (ser. 4) 3: 33. ♂.

Polysphincta pidchrator Thomson, 1877. Opusc. Ent. 8: 757. S. The female lectotype
selected by Aubert is invalid, and therefore this synonymy remains uncertain.

Polysphincta theridii Howard, 1892. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 2: 292. ♂.

Polysphincta granulosa Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 369. ♀.

Lycorinopsis decorata Haupt, 1954. Deut. Ent. Ztschr. (N. F.) 1: 110. ♀.

Lycorinopsis rhombifer Haupt, 1954. Deut. Ent. Ztschr. (N. F.). 1: 110. ♀.

Taxonomy: Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 120-122. —Schmiedeknecht, 1907.
Opusc. Ichn., V. 3, p. 1172. —Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216 (pt. 2): 276. —Aubert, 1969. Ichn. Ouest-Pal. et leurs Hotes, pt. 1, p. 77. —Aubert,
1972. Ent. Scand. 3: 10.

Biology: Nielsen, 1923. Ent. Meddel. 14: 170-172.

Zatypota walleyi Townes
Que., Maine, Mass., Ont., Mich.

Zatypota walleyi Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2):
272. ♂, ♀.

Tribe ECHTHROMORPHINI

In addition to the three nearly worldwide genera which occur in North America, this tribe in-
cludes five others, the largest and best known of these being Xanthopimpla, of the Old- and
New-World tropics, and Echthromorpha, which is chiefly Indo-Australian. Species of
Echthromorphini are usually internal parasites of pupae of Lepidoptera, but species of Itoplectis
and, to a lesser extent, Coccygomimus sometimes parasitize Symphyta or Ichneumonoidea
which spin cocoons in leaf litter or exposed situations.

Revision: Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 327-362 (Nearctic spp.). —Townes, 1940.
Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 33: 283-323 (eastern Nearctic spp.). —Perkins, 1941. Roy. Ent. Soc,
London, Trans. 91: 637-659 (British spp.).

Biology: Townes, 1939. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 34: 29-30 (protective odors).

Morphology: Townes, 1940. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 33: 285-287. (tarsal claws). — Obrtel, 1960.
Brno Moravske Mus. Casopis, Vedy Prirodni 45: 195-202 (male genitalia and postgenital
sclerites).

Genus ITOPLECTIS Foerster

Itoplectis Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 164.

Type-species: Ichneumon scanicus Villers. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from two
species included by Woldstedt, 1877.
Nesopimpla Ashmead, 1906. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 30: 180.

Type-species: Nesopimpla naranyae Ashmead. Monotypic.
Exeristoides Uchida, 1928. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Faculty Agr., Jour. 25: 51.




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Type-species: Pimpla spectabilis Matsumura. Monotypic and orig. desig. The
type-species is considered to be a subspecies of /. altemans (Gravenhorst).

Revision: Porter, 1970. Acta Zool. Lilloana 26 (6): 65-103 (S. Amer. spp.).

Itoplectis behrensii (Cresson)
Calif. Host: Phryganidia califomica Pack. /. bekrensii is not known to
occur north of Marin Co., Calif.

Pimpla bekrensii Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 377. ♂, ♀.

Itoplectis conquisitor (Say)
N. S. s. to Fla., w. to B. C. and Ariz. Host: Hyaloscotes pithopoera (Dyar),
Oiketicus abbotii Grt., Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis (Haw.), Coleophora frischella
(L.), C. pruniella Clem., Epermenia cicutaella Kft., Anacampsis inocuella (Zell.),
Dichomeris marginella (F.), C horistoneura conflictana (Wlk.), C.fumiferana (Clem.),
Choristoneura lambertiana (Bsk.), C. pinus Free., Aphelia alleniana (Fern.), Archips
argyrospilus (Wlr.), A. cerasivoranus (Fitch), A. georgianus (Wlk.), A. rileyanus (Grt.),
Argyrotaenia cockerellana (Kft.) A. pinatubana (Kft.), A. velutinana (Wlk.), Acleris
hastiana (L.), A. mimita (Rob.), Cnephasia virgaureana Treit., Sparganothis pettitana
(Rob.), S. flavibasana (Fern.), Xenotemna pallorana Rob., Ancylis comptana (Froel.), A.
c.fragariae (W. and R.), Evora hemidesma (Zell.), Paralobesia viteana (Clem.),
Rhyacionia buoliana (D. and S.), R.fnistrana (Com.), R.frustrana bushnelli (Bsk.),
Spilonota ocellana (D. and S.), Pterophorus periscelidactylus Fitch, Acrobasis betulella
Hulst, A. caryvoriella Rag., A. juglandis (LeB.), A. kearf'ottella Dyar, A. rubrifasciella
Pack., Dioryctria reniculella (Grt.), Diaphania hyalinata (L.), Ostrinia nubilalis (Hbn.),
Cingilia catenaria (Drury), Lambdina fervidaria athasaria (Wlk.), L. fiscellaria
fiscellaria (Gn.), Ennomos subsignariiis (Hbn.), Nematocampa filamentaria Gn.,
Rhetimaptera hastata (L.), Dryocampa nibicunda nibicunda (F.), Malacosoma
americanum (F.), M. disstria Hbn., M. calif omicum fragile (Stretch), Dasychira
plagiata (Wlk.), Lymantria dispar (L.), Orgyia antiqua (L.), 0. leucostigma (J. E. S.),
Alabama argillacea (Hbn.), Anomis erosa Hbn., Exyra semicrocea (Gn.), Simyra henrici
(Grt.), Trichoplusia ni (Hbn.), Lascoria ambigualis (Wlk.), Hyphantria cunea (Drury),
Hemileuca sp., Urbanus proteus (L.), Thymelicus lineola (Ochs.), Pieris rapae (L.),
Graphium marcellus (Cramer), Diprion similis (Htg.), Neodiprion abietis (Harr.),
Rogas stigrmator (Say), R. terminalis (Cr.), Dusona ellopiae (Wly.), Gambrus extrematus
(Cr.), Hyposoter fugitivus (Say), Phobocampe clisiocampae (Weed), P. pallipes (Prov.).

Ichneumon concitator (!) Harris, 1833. In Hitchcock, Rpt. Geol. Mineral. Bot. Zool. Mass. p.
587. Nomen nudum.

Cryptus conquisitor Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 232. ♀.

Cryptus pleurivinctus Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 235. (5,9.

Pimpla pictipes Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 135. ♀. Preocc. by
Gravenhorst, 1829.

Pimpla walshii Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 454. N. name for P. pictipes Walsh.

Pimpla conquisitrix Schulz, 1906. Spolia Hym., p. 104. Emend.

Ephialtes (Itoplectis) temnopleuris Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 350. ♀.

Biology: Gorham, 1847. DeBow's Rev. 3: 539-541. — Comstock, 1879. Rpt. on Cotton Insects,
p. 198-200. —Riley, 1886. U. S. Dept. Agr., Ent. Comn. Rpt. 4: 111-113. —Weed and Fiske,
1900. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent. Bui. 26: 33-34. -Fiske, 1903. N. H. Agr. Expt. Sta., Tech.
Bui. 6: 184-230. —Johnston, 1913. Jour. Econ. Ent. 6: 144-147. — Baird, 1918. Agr. Gaz.
Canada 5: 770-771. -Criddle, 1924. Ent. Soc. Ontario, Ann. Rpt. 54: 17-18. — Schedl, 1931.
Ztschr. f. Angew. Ent. 18: 258-260. -Haden, 1935. Del. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 194: 20-35.
—Townes, 1940. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 33: 318-320. — Leius, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 369-376.
—Leius, 1961. Canad. Ent. 93: 771-780. -Arthur, 1962-1972. Canad. Ent. 94: 337-347
(1962); 95: 1078-1091 (1963); 97: 1000-1001 (1965); 98: 213-223 (1966); 104: 1251-1258 (1972).

Morphology: Peck, 1937. Canad. Jour. Res., Sect. D (Zool. Sci.) 15: 245, 452. —Pratt, 1939.
Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 32: 731.
curticauda brevacus Townes. Que., Maine, Ont., Vt., N. Y., Mich., Mont. /. curticauda
ctirticauda (Kriechbaumer) occurs in Europe.
Itoplectis brevacus Townes, 1940. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 33: 315. ♀.

Itoplectis evetriae Viereck
N. B. s. to n. Ga., w. to Alaska and Calif. Host: Barbara sp., B. colfaxiana
siskiyouana (Kft.), B. colfaxiana taxifoliella (Bsk.), B. mappana Free., Zeiraphera sp.




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on Picea glauca, C horistoneura fumiferana (Clem.), Dioryctria cambiicola (Dyar), D.

zimmermanni (Grt.), Rhyacionia buoliana (D. and S.).
Itoplectis evetriae Viereck, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 44: 565. ♂.
Itoplectis plesia Rohwer, 1914. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 15: 182. ♀.

Itoplectis fustiger Townes
Que., N. Y., Pa., Mich., Ohio, Minn., N. Dak., Calif. This species is related to

the European /. clavicomis Thomson, and for a number of years was identified as

clavicomis.
Itoplectis fustiger Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2):

298. ♂, ♀.

Itoplectis maculator (Fabricius)
Eurasia, n. Africa. Ecology: Sometimes hyperparasitic. Introductions

were made in Ont. from 1948-1956 with the target species being the native

C horistoneura fumiferana (Clem.). Cnephasia longana was the target species for

introductions in Oreg. in 1949?, 1952, and 1954. Recoveries were made in Oreg. in 1950

and 1955, but maculator is not known to be established. Host: Cnephasia longana

(Haw.). Numerous other European hosts are known.
Ichneumon maculator Fabricius, 1775. Systema Ent., p. 337. ♀.
Ichneumon Plaesseus Geoffroy, 1785. In Fourcroy, Ent. Parisiensis. v. 1, p. 417. ♀.
Ichneumon arlequinatus Geoffroy, 1785. In Fourcroy, Ent. Parisiensis. v. 1, p. 427. Sex

not indicated.
Ichneumon scanicus Villers, 1789. Caroli Linnaei Ent., Faun. Suec. Descr. Aucta, v. 3, p.

190. 6 ?
Ichneumon lateratorius Thunberg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem. 8:

279; 9: 362. ♂.
Pimpla vincta Snellen van VoUenhoven, 1873. Tijdschr. v. Ent. 16: 212. ♀.
Pimpla cruentata Rudow, 1883. Ent. Nachr. 9: 235. ♂, ♀.
Pimpla castaneiventris Kriechbaumer, 1894. Berlin. Ent. Ztschr. 39: 51. ♀.
Pimpla sexpunctata Perez, 1895. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. 64: 200. ♀.
Pimpla maculatrix Schulz, 1906. Spolia Hym., p. 104. Emend.
Itoplectis rufiventris Hellen, 1949. Finska Vetensk.-Soc, Comm. Biol. 8: 11. ♂, ♀.

Biology: Goidanich, 1931. R. 1st. Super. Agr., Lab. di Ent., Bol. 4: 151-153. —Hardy, 1938.

Bui. Ent. Res. 29: 356.

Itoplectis quadricingulata (Provancher)
Newfoundland s. to R. I., w. to Alaska and Calif.; Greenland.
Host: Hyaloscotes fragmentella (Hy. Edw.), Gracilaria sp., Euceratia castella Wlsm.,
Dioryctria reniculella (Grt.), Anthophila pariana (Clem.), Carcina quercana (F.),
Depressaria sp., Archips argyrospilus (Wlk.), A. rosayuis (L.), C horistoneura fumiferana
(Clem.), C. occidentalis Free., Cnephasia longana (Haw.), Acleris sp., Acleris variana
(Fern.), Laspeyresia pomonella (L.), Rhyacionia buoliana (D. and S.), R. busckana
Hein., Spilonota ocellana (D. and S.), Taniva albolineana (Kft.), Platyptilia sp.,
Lamdina fiscellaria lugubrosa (Hulst), Nepytia phantasmaria (Stkr.), Malacosoma sp.,
M. disstria Hbn., Orgyia pseudotsugata McD., Neodiprion sp., A^. tsugae Midd. /.

Itoplectis quadricingulata
***authority mismatch
is closely related to /. altertians (Gravenhorst) of Eurasia and future
study is likely to show that quadricingulata should be treated either as a synonym or as
a subspecies of altemans.

Pimpla i-cing7ilatus Provancher, 1880. Nat. Canad. 12: 38. ♀.

Pimpla (Itoplectis) Kolthoffi Aurivillius, 1890. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad., Bihang tU Handl.
(ser. 4) 15: 29. cJ, 9.

Pimpla kolthoffii Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 438. Emend.

Itoplectis obesus Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 467. ♂, ♀.

Ephialtes (Itoplectis) latus Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 345. ♀.

Ephialtes (Itoplectis) leavitti Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 345. ♀.

Ephialtes (Itoplectis) pacificus Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 345. ♀. Preocc.
by Harrington, 1894.

Ephialtes (Itoplectis) montana Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 346. ♀.

Ephialtes cacoeciae Viereck, 1924. Canad. Ent. 56: 64. ♂, ♀.

Ephialtes (Itoplectis) esuchus Cushman, 1924. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 26: 221. N. name for
E. pacificus Cushman.




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Biology: Ryan, 1971. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 64: 205-208. —Ryan and Medley, 1972. Ent. Soc.

Amer., Ann. 65: 172-177.

Itoplectis vesca Townes
N. S., P. E. I., N. B., Maine, Colo., N. Mex., Ariz., Alaska, B. C, Calif. Host:
Acleris variana (Fern.), Coleophora laricella (Hbn.), Coleotec finite s milleri (Bsk.).

Itoplectis vesca Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2):
297.

Itoplectis viduata (Gravenhorst)
N. W. T. s. to N. Mex., w. to B. C. and Calif.; Eurasia. Host: Ancylis
comptana (Froel.), Autographa califomica (Spey.), Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris),
Colias eurytheme Bdv., Malacosoma sp., M. disstria Hbn., M. califomicum fragile
(Stretch), M. califomicum pluviale (Dyar), Orgyia pseudotsugata McD., Hemileuca
oliviae Ckll., Nymphalis califomica (Bdv.).

Pimpla viduata Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 214. ♂.

Pimpla atrocoxalis Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 145. ♀.

Pimpla ovalis Thomson, 1877. Opusc. Ent. 8: 748. ♀.

Pimpla meridionalis Kriechbaumer, 1877. Ent. Nachr. 8: 120. ♀.

Genus EPHIALTES Schrank

Ephialtes Schrank, 1802. Fauna Boica, v. 2, p. 316. Some authors regard Ephialtes Schrank
as an unavailable name by virtue of Opinion 159 of the Internatl. Comm. of Zool.
Nomenclature, but I do not regard Opinion 159 as valid for reasons discussed in the
introduction to the family.

Type-species: Ichneumon compunctor Linnaeus. Monotypic.
Apechthis Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 164.

Type-species: Ichneumon rufatus Gmelin. Desig. by Ashmead, 1900 (as "Pimpla
rubata [!] Gravenhorst") from two species included by Woldstedt, 1877.
Apechtis Thomson, 1889. Opusc. Ent. 12: 1410. Emend.
Taiwatheronia Sonan, 1936. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa, Trans. 26: 256.

Type-species: Taiwatheronia mahasenae Sonan. Monotypic and orig. desig. The
type-species is regarded as a synonym of Ephialtes taiwanus (Uchida).
Parapechthis Blanchard, 1936. Soc. Cient. Argentina, An. 122: 404.

Type-species: Parapechthis bazani Blanchard. Monotypic and orig. desig.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1957. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 59: 118-119.

Ephialtes annulicornis
***authority mismatch
annulicornis (Cresson). Que. s. to N. C, w. to Alta. and Tex. Host:

Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), C. rosaceana (Harris). Contrary to the description
and key in the revision of the Pimplinae by Townes and Townes (1960), a significant
proportion of the males of this subspecies have white marks on the mesoscutum.

Pimpla annulicornis Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 147. ♂, ♀.

Ephialtes annulicornis
***authority mismatch
componotus (Davis), n. status. Idaho, N. Mex., B. C, Oreg., Calif. Host: Orgyia
antiqua (L.), 0. leucostigma (J. E. S.), 0. pseudotsugata McD., Neophasia menapia (F.
and F.).

Pimpla componotus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 367. ♂.

Apechthis pacificus Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 353. ♂, ♀. N. syn. Preocc. in
Ephialtes by Harrington, 1894; Cushman, 1920. Townes (1960) treated pacificus as a
species distinct from componotus on the basis of male color characteristics (he
considered the female of componotus unknown) which do not even work for Cushman's
type series of pacificus, which were from a single locality (Portland, Oreg.). Other
specimens in the U. S. Natl. Mus. collection further indicate the need for placing

Ephialtes pacificus
***authority mismatch
as a synonym of componotus and the need for placing componotus as a
subspecies of annulicornis.
Ontario (Cresson). Newfoundland (Labrador) s. to N. Y., w. to Alaska and Calif. Host:

Choristoneura conflictana (Wlk.), C. fumiferana (Clem.), C. pinus Free., Lambdina
fiscellaria (Gn.), Nepytia canosaria (Wlk.).

Pimpla Ontario Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 146. ♂.

Biology: Ryan, 1971. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 64: 205-208. —Ryan and Medley, 1972. Ent. Soc.
Amer., Ann. 65: 172-177.

Morphology: Peck, 1937. Canad. Jour. Res., Sect. D (Zool. Sci.) 15: 248.




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Ephialtes picticornis (Cresson)
N. S. s. to N. C, w. to B. C. and Calif. Host: Choristoneura conjlictana
(Wlk.), C. rosaceana (Harris), Sciaphila sp., Spilonota ocellana (D. and S.).
Pimpla picticornis Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 146. ♂.
Apechthis omatulns Walley, 1929. Canad. Ent. 68: 190. ♂.

Ephialtes quadridentatus (Thomson)
Europe; n. Asia. Introduced, but not established, in Ont. and Que.

in 1948, 1949, and 1956 for control of the native Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.).
Ichneumon resinator (!) Thunberg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Bui. 8:

275; 9: 349. Lapsus for and misidentification of Ichneumon resinellae Linnaeus, which is

a braconid now placed in the genus Macrocentnis.
Pimpla quadridentata Thomson, 1877. Opusc. Ent. 8: 749. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. 35: 411.

Ephialtes rufatus (Gmelin)
Europe; n. Asia. Introduced, but not established, in Ont. in 1950 for control
of the native Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.).
Ichneiimon nifatus Gmelin, 1790. In Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., Ed. 13, v. 1, p. 2684. ♀.
Pimpla Jlavonotata Hohngren, 1860. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (ser. 4) 3 (10): 19. ♂, ♀.
Pimpla rufiihorax Strobl, 1901. Naturw. Ver. f Steiermark, Mitt. 38: 11. ♀.

Genus COCCYGOMIMUS Saussure

Coccygomimus Saussure, 1890. In Grandidier, Hist. Madagascar, v. 20, Hym. 1, pi. 14, fig.
12.

Type-species: Coccygomimus madecassus Saussure. Monotypic.
Habropimpla Cameron, 1900. Manchester Lit. and Phil. Soc, Mem. and Proc. 44: 96.

Type-species: Habropimpla bilineata Cameron. Monotypic.
Lissotheronia Cameron, 1905. Spolia Zeylanica 3: 139.

Type-species: Lissotheronia flavipes Cameron. Monotypic.
Phytodiaetoides Morley, 1913. Fauna Brit. India, ... Hym., v. 3, p. 221.

Type-species: Phtyodiaetoides megaera Morley. Monotypic and orig. desig. The
type-species is considered to be a synonym of Coccygomimus Jlavipalpis
(Cameron).
Pimplidea Viereck, 1914. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 83: 117.

Type-species: Pimpla pedalis Cresson. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Coelopimpla Brethes, 1916. Buenos Aires, Mus. Nac. de Hist. Nat., An. 27: 402.

Type-species: Coelopimpla amadei Brethes. Monotypic and orig. desig. The
type-species is considered to be a synonym of Coccygomimus sumichrasti
(Cresson).
Liotheronia Enderlein, 1919. Gesell. f. Naturf. Freunde z. Berlin, Sitzber. f 1919, p. 147.
Type-species: Liotheronia kriegeri Enderlein. Monotypic and orig. desig. The
type-species is considered to be a synonym of Coccygomimus aztecus (Cresson).
Dihyboplax Enderlein, 1919. Gesell. f. Naturf. Freunde z. Berlin, Sitzber. f. 1919, p. 148.

Type-species: Dihyboplax flavipennis Enderlein. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Neogabunia Brethes, 1927. Ent. Mitt. 16: 322.

Type-species: Neogabunia paulistana Brethes. Monotypic. The type-species is
considered to be a synonym of Coccygomimus tomyris (Schrottky).
Pimpla subg. Opodactyla Seyrig, 1932. Acad. Malagache, Mem. 11: 60.

Type-species: Pimpla (Opodactyla) waterloti Seyrig. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Pimpla subg. Oxypimpla Noskiewicz and Chudoba, 1951. Polskie Pismo Ent. 21: 42, 56.
Type-species: Ichneumon turionellae Linnaeus. Monotypic.

The name Pimpla has frequently been applied to this genus. My reasons for not doing so here
are given in the introductory discussion of the family.

Revision: Porter, 1970. Studia Ent. 13: 1-192. (S. Amer. spp.).

Coccygomimus aequalis (Provancher)
N. S. s. to Fla., w. to Minn, and Tex. Host: Thyridopteryx

ephemeraeformis (Haw.), Grapholitha molesta (Bsk.), Laspeyresia pomonella (L.),
Paralobesia viteana (Clem.), Coleophora fuscedinella ZelL, Acrobasis indiginella (Zell.),
Dichomerus "marginella" (F.), Coryphista meadi (Pack.), Tolype velleda (StolL).
Pimpla aequalis Provancher, 1880. Nat. Canad. 12: 36. ♀.




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Meniscus Ashmeadii Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 430. ♀.
Pimpla conquisitor var. mfiiscula Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 368. ♀.

Biology: Breakley, 1930. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 23: 187.

Coccygomimus annulipes (Brulle)
N. S. s. to Fla., w. to Minn, and Tex. Host: Podosesia syringae (Harris),

Syanthedon pictipes (G. and R.), S. pyri (Harris), Grapholitha molesta (Bsk.),

Laspeyresia nigricana (Steph.), L. pomonella (L.), Rhyacionia buoliana (D. and S.),

Gretchena boUiana (Sling.), Acrobasis caryae Grt., A. indiginella (Zell.), Salebriaria

tenebrosella (Hulst).
Pimpla anmdipes Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 102. ♀.
Pimpla inflata Townes, 1940. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 33: 306. ♂, ♀.

Coccygomimus aquilonius (Cresson)
Newfoundland (insular) s. to N. C, w. to Alaska and Calif.; Eurasia.

Host: Coleophora fuscedinella Zell., Psilocorsis cryptolechiella (Cham.), Lambdina

fiscellaria fiscellaria (Gn.), Spilonota ocellana (D. and S.), Rheumaptera hastata (L.).

Townes (1960) has recognized a number of subspecies which he separated very

unsatisfactorily and which do not make sense zoogeographically; therefore, they are not

recognized here.
Pimpla aquilonia Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 145. ♂.
Pimpla flavicoxis Thomson, 1877. Opusc. Ent. 8: 747. ♂.
Meniscus marginatus Provancher, 1883. Nat. Canad. 14: 15. ♀.

Bassus cylindricus Provancher, 1889. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 111. ♂, ♀.
Itoplectis exareolata Ashmead, 1901. Psyche 9: 147. ♀.
Pimpla yakutatensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 200. ♂.

Coccygomimus contemplator (Mueller)
Europe. Introduced in 1964 in N. S. without becoming established.

Host: Operophtera brumata (L.). Other European hosts are known, but 0. bnimata was

the target host for the release in N. S.
Ichneumon contemplator Mueller, 1776. Zool. Danicae prodromus ..., p. 158. Sex not

indicated.
Ichneumon geniculatus Geoffrey, 1785. In Fourcroy, Ent. Parisiensis, v. 2, p. 397. 9 ?
Cryptus insiffiiatorius Gravenhorst, 1807. Vergl. Uebers. Zool. Systeme, p. 264. ♀.
Pimpla bilineata Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 98. 9 . Syn.?

Coccygomimus dimidiatus Townes
Tex.

Coccygomimus dimidiatus Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.

216 (pt. 2): 350. ♂.

Coccygomimus ellopiae (Harrington)
N. Mex., Ariz., B. C. s. to Calif. Host: Lambdina somniaria (Hulst),

Eucaterva variaria Grote.
Pimpla ellopiae Harrington, 1892. Canad. Ent. 24: 99. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1966. In Townes and Townes, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: 28.

Coccygomimus hesperus Townes
S. Dak.to N. Mex., w. to Alaska, Oreg. and Calif. Host: Rhyacionia

frustrana bushnelli (Bsk.), Anarsia lineatella Zell., Udea rubigalis (Gn.), Lambdina

fiscellaria lugubrosa (Hulst).
Coccygomimus hespenis Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 216

(pt. 2):338. ♂, ♀.
instig^ator (Fabricius). Eurasia; n. Africa. Introduced in 1906, 1907, and 1909 in New England

without becoming established. Host: Lymantria dispar (L.). Many other European hosts

are known, but L. dispar was the target host for attempts to establish instigator in

New England.
Ichneumon instigator Fabricius, 1793. Ent. System, v. 2, p. 164. ♀.
Pimpla processionae Ratzeburg, 1849. Stettin. Ent. Ztg. 10: 133. ♂.
Pimpla intermedia Holmgren, 1860. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (ser. 4) 3 (10): 19. ♂, ♀.
Pimpla Aegyptica Schmiedeknecht, 1897. Illus. Wochenschr. f. Ent. 2: 633. ♂, ♀.
Pimpla instigatrix Schulz, 1906. Spolia Hym., p. 104. Emend.
Apechthis jlavipes Matsumura, 1912. Thousand Ins. Jap., Sup. 4, p. 144. ♀.

Taxonomy: Masi, 1933. Soc. Ent. Ital., Bol. 65: 65.




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Biology: Howard and Fiske, 1911. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Bui. 91: 237. — Schevy, 1912.
Messager Ent. 1: 4. -Picard, 1921. [Paris] Acad, des Sci., Compt. Rend. 172: 1617-1619.
— Faure, 1926. Contrib. Etud. ... Pieride du Chou et ses Pars. Hym., p. 77-86. — Lepiney,
1927. Ann. des Epiphyt. 13: 164. — Seyrig, 1932. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. 101: 114. — Cals
and Shaumar, 1965. Ann. des Sci. Nat. Zool. et Biol. Anim. 7: 768.

Coccygomimus marginellus
***authority mismatch
(BruUe). Southern Fla.; Cuba, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico.

Pimpla marginella Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 107. ♀.

Coccygomimus maurus (Cresson)
Ohio, N. C, Ga., Fla., Tex. Host: Hemerocampa leucostigma (J. E. S.).,
Orgyia sp.
Pimpla maiira Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 145. ♀.

Coccygomimus nudus
***authority mismatch
(Townes). N. S. s. to Va., w. to Minn, and Ind. Host: Ostrinia nubilalis (Hbn.),
Neodiprion sp.
Pimpla nuda Townes, 1940. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 33: 306. ♀.

Coccygomimus pedalis (Cresson)
Newfoundland (Labrador) s. to Va., w. to Alaska and Calif. Host: Archips

argyrospihis (Wlk.), Argyrotaenia mariana (Fern.), sciaphila duplex (Walsh), Lambdina
fiscellaria fiscellaria (Gn.), L. somniaria (Hulst), Protoboarmia porcelaria (Gn.),
Malacosoma americanum (F.), M. califomicum fragile (Stretch), M. disstria Hbn.,
Dasychira plagiata (Wlk.), Leucoma salicis (L.), Lymantria dispar (L.), Nygmia
phaeorrhea (Don.), Orgyia antiqua badia Hy. Edw., 0. leucostigma (J. E. S.),
Heterocampa gutivitta (Wlk.), Acronicta sp., A. americana (Harr.), Ctenucha virginica
(Charp.), Leucania linita Gn., Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haw.), Halisidota caryae (Harr.),
H. maculata (Harr.), Isia isabella (J. E. S.), Epargyreus clarus (Cramer), Neophasia
menapia (F. and F.), Gilpinia hercyniae (Htg.), Neodiprion sp.
Pimpla pedalis Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 268. ♂.

Biology: Howard and Fiske, 1911. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Bui. 91: 137-138, 144, 147-149,
237-239. -Schedl, 1931. Ztschr. f. Agnew. Ent. 18: 268-270. — Finlayson, 1960. Canad. Ent.
92: 925. -Campbell, 1963. Canad. Ent. 95: 337.

Coccygomimus punicipes (Cresson)
Tex.; Mexico s. to Peru; Hawaii. Host: Platynota sp., Pectinopkora

gossypiella (Sdrs.). Neither of these hosts was recorded in N. Amer.
Pimpla punicipes Cresson, 1874 (1873). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 25: 398. ♀.
Pimpla feralis Cresson, 1874 (1873). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 25: 399. ♂.
Pimpla Hawaiiensis Cameron, 1887. Manchester Lit. and Phil. Soc, Mem. and Proc. (3) 10: 239. ♂.
Pimpla puniceipes Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 446. Emend.

Coccygomimus sanguinipes
***authority mismatch
erythropus (Viereck). Idaho s. to N. Mex., w. to s. B. C. and Calif. Host:

Laspeyresia pomonella (L.), Tholeria reversalis (Gn.), Zophodia convolutella (Hbn.),

Coryphista meadi (Pack.), Encaterva variaria Grt., Prochoerodea forficaria catenulata

Grt., Malacosoma sp., M. califomicum fragile (Stretch), M. incumjum inctirvum (Hy.

Eds.), Hemileuca sp., Diacrisia virginica (F.), Orgyia pseudotsugata McD., 0. vetusta

(Bdv.).
Pimpla (Pimpla) erythropus Viereck, 1909. Ent. News 20: 291. ♀.

Biology: Pack, 1930. Utah Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 216: 10-11.

Coccygomimus sanguinipes
***authority mismatch
sanguinipes (Cresson). Tex.; Mexico s. to Peru. Host: Alabama argillacea (Hbn.).
Pimpla sanguinipes Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 165. ♀.
Ephialtes (Ephialtes) sanguineipes (!) Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 335.

Coccygomimus silvicola (Walley)
B. C, Wash., Oreg.

Pimpla silvicola Walley, 1941. Canad. Ent. 73: 164. ♂, ♀.

Coccygomimus sodalis
***authority mismatch
longigenalis (Cushman). Colo., Calif. Ecology: Occurs in drier grass or sedge covered
parts of high mountain meadows but is apparently not found in wet meadows.
Ephialtes (Ephialtes) longigenalis Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 52: 332. ♀.

Coccygomimus sodalis
***authority mismatch
sodalis (Ruthe). Northern Man., N. W. T., Yukon, Alaska; Greenland; Iceland; Europe.
Pimpla sodalis Ruthe, 1859. Stettin. Ent. Ztg. 20: 371. ♂, ♀.
Pimpla Nordenskioldii Holmgren, 1872. Svenska. Vetensk.-Adad., Ofvers. af ... Forhandl.

29 (6): 97. ♀.
Pimpla longiceps Thomson, 1877. Opusc. Ent. 8: 746. ♂, ♀.




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Strickland! Townes. Que., Ont., n. Mich., Sask., Alta.

Coccygomimus stricklandi Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216 (pt. 2): 340. ♂, ♀.

Coccygomimus tenuicornis (Cresson)
N. S. s. to N. Y., w. to e. B. C. and Colo. Host: Semiothisa sp.,
Synanthedon tipiiliformis (Clerk).

Pimpla tenuicornis Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 267. ♀.

Coccygomimus turionellae
***authority mismatch
turionellae (Linnaeus). Eurasia; n. Africa. Introduced in 1950, 1955 in N. S.; 1952
in Que.; 1935- 1937, 1950-1954, 1956, 1958 in Ont.; 1906-1909 in New England (probably
Mass.), 1935-1938 in Conn., N. Y., N. J.; 1937 in Minn, and Ida.; establishment has
apparently not occurred, although a few recoveries have been reported in Ontario. Host:
Rkyacionia buoliana (D. and S.), Lymantria dispar (L.), Laspeyresia pomonella (L.),
Operophtera brumata (L.). Many other hosts are known, but these are the introduced
pests which were target hosts for introductions of turionellae in North America; a
number of native pests were target hosts for some of the introductions, however. C.

Coccygomimus turionellae
***authority mismatch
moraguesi (Schmiedeknecht) occurs in northern Africa (Pimpla freyi Hellen
is probably a synonym of t. moraguesi).

Ichneumon turionellae Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., Ed. 10, p. 564. ♀ (♂ misdet.).

Ichneumon variegatus Schrank, 1785. Neues Mag. Liebhaber Ent. 2: 327. ♀.

Cryptus examinator Fabricius, 1804. Systema Piezatorum, v. 2, p. 85. ♀.

Ichneumon cingulator Thunberg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem. 8:
275; 9: 348. ♀.

Ichneumon turionator Thunberg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem. 8:
275; 9: 348. Emend.

Pimpla opacellata Desvignes, 1868. Ent. Monthly Mag. 4: 174. ♀.

Pimpla examinatrix Schulz, 1906. Spolia Hym., p. 104. Emend.

Pimpla padellae Torka, 1918. Ent. Rundschau 35: 33. cj, 9.

Taxonomy: Roman, 1932. Ent. Tidskr. 53: 14. — Oehlke, 1967. In Ferriere and Vecht, Hym.
Cat., pt. 2, p. 32. — Aubert, 1969. Ichn. Ouest-Pal. et Leurs Hotes, pt. 1, p. 94-95.

Biology: Jackson, 1937. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc. 12: 81-91. — Sylvestri, 1941. Lab. Ent.
Agr. [Portici], Bol. 5: 27-31. — BronskUl, 1959. Canad. Jour. Zool. 37: 655-688. —Arthur and
Wylie, 1959. Entomophaga 4: 297-301. —Harris, 1960. Canad. Jour. Zool. 38: 766.

Coccygomimus varians Townes
Colo., N. Mex., Ariz., B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif. Host: Laspeyresia pomonella
(L.).
Coccygomimus varians Townes, 1960. hi Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 2): 333. 9 . The male of the species was not identified with certainty.

Tribe THERONIINI

Townes (1969) included the genera Peritkotcs, Delomerista, and Pseudorhyssa in this tribe.
Because the placement of these genera in the Theroniini was only provisional and because the
name Delomeristini (Hellen, 1915) has priority over the name Theroniini (Cushman and Rohwer,
1920), the aforementioned genera are here placed in the Delomeristini. The genera of Theroniini
occurring in North America are Theronia and Neotheronia, the latter being treated by Townes
(1969) as a subgenus of Theronia. Because the division between Neotheronia and Theronia is
not at all arbitrary, they are here treated as separate genera. The species of Neotheronia and
Theronia are usually primary or secondary parasites of the pupae of Lepidoptera.

Genus THERONIA Holmgren

Revision: Gupta, 1962. Pacific Ins. Monogr. 4: 1-142 (Indo- Australian spp.).
Genus THERONIA Subgenus THERONIA Holmgren

Theronia Holmgren, 1859. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad., Ofvers af ... Forhandl. 16: 123.
Type-species: Pimpla flavicans (Fabricius). Monotypic. The type species is
regarded as a synonym of Theronia atalantae (Poda).
Pseudacoenites Kriechbaumer, 1892. Ent. Nachr. 18: 219.

Type-species: Pseudacoenites moravicus Kriechbaumer. Monotypic. The
type-species is regarded as a synonym of T. hilaris laevigata (Tschek).




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atalantae fulvescens (Cresson). N. B. s. to Va., w. to B. C. and Calif. Ecology: Adult females
of this subspecies are known to hibernate, but it is not known that the subspecies
overwinters exclusively in this way. Host: Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), Ennomos
snbsignarius (Hbn.), Lambdina somniaria (Hulst), Nepytia phantasmaria (Stkr.), Oreta
rosea (Wlk.), Malacosoma americanum (F.), M. califominim fragile (Stretch), M.
disstria Hbn., Dasychira plagiata (Wlk.), Lymantria dispar (L.), Orgyia leucostigma (J.
E. S.), 0. pseudotsugata McD., Nygmia phaeorrhea (Don.), Leucoma salicis (L.),
Hyalophora cecropia (L.), Nymphalis califomica (Bdv.), Neophasia menapia (F. and
F.), Enicospihis americanus (Christ), Gambnis extrematis (Cr.), Hyposoter fugitivus
(Say), Itoplectis conquisitor (Say). T. atalantae atalantae (Poda) occurs in Europe.

Pimpla fulvescens Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 268. ♂.

Theronia nifescens (!) Taylor, 1884. Canad. Ent. 16: 92.

Theronia fulvescens var. mellipennis Viereck, 1903. In Skinner, Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 88. ♀.

Theronia atalantae var. americana Krieger, 1906. Ztschr. System. Hym. Dipt. 6: 240. ♂, ♀.

Biology: Weed and Fiske, 1900. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent. Bui. 26: 33. — Fiske and
Thompson, 1909. Jour. Econ. Ent. 2: 455-457. —Howard and Fiske, 1911. U. S. Dept. Agr.,
Bur. Ent., Bui. 91: 137, 141, 142, 144, 147-149, 236-237, 304. — Aldrich, 1912. Jour. Econ.
Ent. 5: 87-88. — Evenden, 1924. Timberman 25 (May): 54. — Townes, 1940. Ent. Soc. Amer.,
Ann. 33: 286, 293. —Cole, 1956. U. S. Dept. Agr., Forest Serv., Intermountain Forest and
Range Expt. Sta. Res. Note 29: 1. —Campbell, 1963. Canad. Ent. 95: 337.

Morphology: Peck, 1937. Canad. Jour Res., Sect. D (Zool. Sci.) 15: 245, 246, 248, 251, 252.

Theronia hilaris
***authority mismatch
hilaris (Say). Southern Que. s. to N. C, w. to Minn, and Kans. Host: Halisidota caryae
(Harris), H. maculata (Harris), Heterocampa guttivitta (Wlk.), Symmerista canicosta
(Hbn.), Epargyreus clams (Cramer). T. (T.) hilaris laevigata (Tschek) is European and
T. (T.) hilaris nigra Uchida occurs in northern Asia.
Ichneumon hilaris Say, 1829. Contrib. Maclurian Lyceum to Arts and Sci. 1: 71. ♂.
Pimpla melanocephala Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 99. ♀.

Taxonomy: Gupta, 1965. Twelfth Internatl. Cong. Ent., Proc, p. 834.

Morphology: Peck, 1937. Canad. Jour. Res., Sect. D (Zool. Sci.) 15: 245, 246, 248, 251, 252.
—Pratt, 1939. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 32: 731, 737.

Genus NEOTHERONIA Krieger

Neotheronia Krieger, 1899. Naturf. Gesell. Leipzig, Sitzber. 14-15: 119.

Type-species: Theronia toltecta Cresson. Orig. desig. T. toltecta is regarded as a
subspecies of Neotheronia nigrolineata (Brulle).
Epimecoideus Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 52.

Type-species: Epimecoideus apicalis Ashmead. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Acrocremnus Brethes, 1926. Nunquam Otiosus-V (Buenos Aires), p. 7.
Type-species: Acrocremnus apicipennis Brethes. Monotypic.
bicincta floridana (Townes). Southern Ga., Fla. Host: Tromatobia nifopectus (Cr.).

Neotheronia bicincta bicincta (Cresson) occurs in Cuba, and a third subspecies, A^. b.
nubecularia (Dewitz), occurs in Puerto Rico.
Theronia bicincta floridana Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216 (pt. 2): 362. ♂, ♀.

Neotheronia septemtrionalis Krieger
Md. s. to Fla., w. to Mo., e. Okla., and La.

Neotheronia septemtrionalis Krieger, 1905. Ztschr. System. Hym. Dipt. 5: 305. ♂.
Neotheronia winnemannae Viereck, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 44: 567. ♀.

Tribe DELOMERISTINI

The genera in this tribe may be related to those in the Theroniini, but the evidence is not con-
clusive. Neither is there conclusive evidence that the genera here placed in the Delomeristini are
related to each other.




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Genus PERITHOUS Holmgren

The species of Perithous are parasites or hyperparasites of Sphecidae which nest in canes or
twigs.

Genus PERITHOUS Subgenus PERITHOUS Holmgren

Perithous Holmgren, 1859. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad., Ofvers af ... Forhandl. 16: 123.
Type-species: Ephialtes albicinctus Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.

Perithous divinator (Rossi)
Que. s. to Conn, and Pa., w. to Wis.; Europe. Adventive. Host: Pemphredon
lethifer (Shuck.), P. iugubris (F.), Passaloems gracilis (Curt), Psenulus pallipes (Pzr.),
Trypoxylon figulum (L.), Omalus auratus (L.). Except for Pemphredon lethifer, which
is recorded as a host in both North America and Europe, these hosts are recorded only
in Europe. P. (P.) divinator appears to have entered the northeastern U. S. A. before
1931.

Ichneumon divinator Rossi, 1790. Fauna Etrusca, v. 2, p. 48. ♀.

Pimpla ephippiatoria Dufour and Perris, 1840. Soc. Ent. France, Ann. 9: 47. ♂, ♀.

Pimpla marginellatoria Dufour and Perris, 1840. Soc. Ent. France, Ann. 9: 48. ♂, ♀.
Synonymy uncertain.

Itoplectis rubi Habermehl, 1917. Ztschr. f. Wiss. Insektenbiol. 13: 117. ♂, ♀.

Perithous pimplarius Haupt, 1938. Maerk. Tierwelt 3: 209. ♀.

Biology: Horstmann, 1964. Fauna Mitt. Norddeutschl. 2: 193-197. —Thomas, 1964. Mich.
Acad. Sci., Arts, and Letters; Papers 49: 199-201. —Horstmann, 1967. Zool. Anz. 178: 95-102.
mediator neomexicanus (Viereck). Western Alta. s. to N. Mex., w. to B. C. and Calif. Host:
Pemphredon confertim (Fox). P. (P.) mediator mediator (Fabricius) is European.
Pimpla neomexicana Viereck, 1903. In Skinner, Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 88. ♀.

Biology: Parker and Bohart, 1966. Pan-Pacific Ent. 42: 94.
mediator pleuralis (Cresson). Que. s. to S. C, w. to Sask., Kans., and La. Host: Pemphredon
concolor Say, P. inomatus Say, P. harbecki Roh.?
Pimpla pleuralis Cresson, 1868. Canad. Ent. 1: 36. ♀.

Biology: Champlain, 1922. Psyche 29: 97. — Rheinhard, 1929. Nature Mag. 13: 155-157.
— Krombein, 1960. Ent. News 71: 31.

Genus PERITHOUS Subgenus HYBOMISCHOS Baltazar

Peritho^is subg. Hybomischos Baltazar, 1961. Natl. Inst. Sci. Tech., Manila, Monog. 7: 49.
Type-species: Perithous (Hybomischos) galbus Baltazar. Grig, desig.

Perithous septemcinctorius (Thunberg)
Mich.; Europe. Adventive. Host: Pemphredon spp., Psen

(Mimumesa) dahlbomi (Wesm.), Psenulus fuscipennis (Dahl.). These hosts are recorded

in Europe. One female was recently found in a spider web in Ann Arbor, Mich, by

Torgerson (1972).
Ichneumon septemcinctorius Thunberg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg,

Mem. 8: 280; 9: 363. ♀.
Ephialtes varius Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 254. ♂, ♀.
Perithous bncrniesceyts Koornneef, 1951. Ent. Ber. 13: 249. 9. Synonymy uncertain.
Perithous exigiius Haupt, 1954. Deut. Ent. Ztschr. 1: 108. ♀.
Perithous septemcinctorius meridionator Aubert, 1963. Vie et Milieu 14: 849. d, 9. Syn.?

Taxonomy: Torgerson, 1972. Great Lakes Ent. 5: 99.

Genus DELOMERISTA Foerster

Delomerista Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 164.

Type-species: Pimpla mandibulars Gravenhorst. Monotypically included and desig.
by Schmiedeknecht, 1888.

Delomerista spp. have most often been reared from cocoons of sawflies, but they may also
parasitize Lepidoptera.




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Revision: Walkley, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 362-367.

Morphology: Morris, Cameron, and Jepson, 1937. Bui. Ent. Res. 28: 360-361. (larvae).

Delomerista borealis Walkley
Que., Cole, N. W. T., Yukon, Alaska.

Delomerista borealis Walkley, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt.
2): 370. ♀.

Delomerista gelida Walkley
Que. s. to Pa., w. to Alaska and Calif.

Delomerista gelida Walkley, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2):
366. ♀.
japonica diprionis Cushman. N. S. s. to N. C, w. to Alaska and Calif. Host: Diprion similis
(Htg.), Gilpinia frutetorum (F.), G. hercyniae (Htg.), Neodiprion lecontei (Fitch), N.
nanulus nanulus Schedl, N. pratti banksianae Roh., A^. sertifer (Geoff.), N. tsngae Midd.
The subspecies japonica Cushman occurs in Japan.
Delomerista diprionis Cushman, 1939. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 29: 398. cJ , 9 .

Biology: Fumiss and Dowden, 1941. Jour. Econ. Ent. 34: 49-51. —Griffiths, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 656.

Morphology: Finlayson, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 25-26 (larva).

Delomerista laevis (Gravenhorst)
Que., Maine, N. H., N. W. T., Tex.?, Alaska; Europe. Aubert (1969, 1972)

stated that D. laevifrous (Thomson) is a species distinct from laevis, but gave no

indication that he had ever studied the holotype of laevis.
Pimpla laevis Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 180. ♀.
Pimpla texana Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 145. 9. The holotype is recorded

from Texas, probably in error.
Pimpla laevifrous Thomson, 1877. Opusc. Ent. 8: 750. ♂, ♀.
Pimpla laevifrons (!) Schmiedeknecht, 1888. Zool. Jahrb., Abt. f. System., Geog., u. Biol.

Tiere 3: 534.
Pimpla levifrons Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 438. Emend.
Pimpla levis Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym. v. 3, p. 439. Emend.

Taxonomy: Oehlke, 1966 (1965). Beitr. z. Ent. 15: 816. —Aubert, 1969. Ich. Ouest-Pal. et
Leurs Hotes, pt. 1, p. 98-99. —Aubert, 1972. Ent. Scand. 3: 10.

Delomerista lepteces Walkley
Que., Colo., Alaska.

Delomerista lepteces Walkley, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt.
2): 368. ♀.

Delomerista novita (Cresson)
Que. s. to Va., w. to B. C. and Calif. Host: Macremphytns sp., Diprion similis
(Htg.), Acrobasis nibrifasciella Pack., Exartema olivaceanum Riley, Eublemma
minima (Gn.), Mononychus vulpeculus {¥.). Hosts other than sawflies need verification.
Pimpla novita Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 146. ♀.

Morphology: Finlayson, 1967. Canad. Ent. 99: 1247 (larva).

Delomerista pfankuchi Brauns
U. S. (unknown locality); Europe. The origin of the specimen bearing
Hopkins W. Va. No. 5928 is unknown.
Delomerista Pfankuchi Brauns, 1905. Ztschr. System. Hym. Dipt. 5: 131. ♀.

Genus PSEUDORHYSSA Merrill

Pseudorhyssa Merrill, 1915. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 41: 150.

Type-species: Pseudorhyssa stemata Merrill. Monotypic and orig. desig.

Revision: Kerrich, 1966. Entomologist 99: 44-46 (European spp.).

Pseudorhyssa maculicoxis (Kriechbaumer)
Que. s. to N. C, w. to Alta. and Calif.; Europe. Ecology: In North
America the species has been associated with Rhyssa howdenorum Townes and Rkyssa
persuasoria (L.) and is presumably cleptoparasitic on them. Kerrich (1966) has shown
that Townes (1960) misidentified the holotype o{ Rhyssa approximator var. mficoxis
Kriechbaumer, and Kerrich palaced mficoxis as a synonym of alpestris (Holmgren), a
species which does not occur in North America.
Rhyssa approximator var. mactilicoxis Kriechbaumer, 1889. Ent. Nachr. 15: 318. ♀.
Kerrich (1966) incorrectly considered the name maculicoxis invalid because it was
originally proposed as a varietal name that was "used in an aberrational sense."




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Pseudorhyssa stemata Merrill, 1915. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 41: 150. ♀.
Rhyssa praealpina Gyorfi, 1946. Fragm. Faunist. Hung. 9: 33. ♀.

Biology: Coutrier, 1949. Soc. Ent. de France, Bui. 54: 62-63. — Spradbury, 1969. Bui. Ent.
Res. 59: 291-297.

Morphology: Spradbury, 1970. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc, Ser. A: Biol. 45: 21-23, 24-25. 26,
27.

Tribe DIACRITINI

This is a very small tribe erected by Townes, Momoi, and Townes (1965) to include only
Diacritus, a Holarctic genus including three species. A second monotypic Japanese genus was
added by Townes (1969).

Genus DIACRITUS Foerster

Diacritus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 191.

Type-species: Mesoleptus m^iliebris Cresson. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Davis, 1895.
Phidias Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1898. Tijdschr. v. Ent. 21: 164. Preocc. by Rafinesque,
1815.

Type-species: Phidias aciculatus Snellen van Vollenhoven. Monotypic.
Stenolabis Kriechbaumer, 1894. Ent. Nachr. 20: 58.

Type-species: Stenolabis cingulata Kriechbaumer. Monotypic. The type-species is
regarded as a synonym of D. aciculatus (Snellen van Vollenhoven).

Taxonomy: Townes, 1957. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 59: 16 (Townes here removed the genus
from the Neoxoridini [=Poemeniini Townes] and placed it provisionally in the Oxytorinae
[=Plectiscinae auct.], and the genus was also excluded from the Pimplinae in the Revision
by Townes and Townes [I960]).

Diacritus muliebris (Cresson)
Que. s. to Va. and apparently w. to northwestern U. S.
Mesoleptus^ muliebris Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 102. ♂.
Mesoleptus variabilis Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (4): 115. 3. Barron (1975) rejected

the "lectotype" selected by Gahan and Rohwer (1918) and gave data for the specimen he

regarded as the holotype.
Mesostenus rufipes Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (8): 249; 7 (9): 263. ♀.
Echthrus pediculatus Provancher, 1880. Nat. Canad. 12: 99. ♀.
Mesostenus pluricinctus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 76. ♀.
Plectiscidea {Aperileptus^) contentionis Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat.

Hist. Survey Bui. 22: 276. ♀.

Taxonomy: Cushman, 1917. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 19: 162-165. —Gahan and Rohwer, 1918.
Canad. Ent. 50: 101. —Momoi, 1966. Kontyu 34: 3. —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 528,
534, 552, 580.

Tribe NEOXORIDINI

The name Neoxoridini Clement (1938) has priority over the names Eugaltini Townes (1949) or
Poemeniini Townes (1951).

Revision: Rohwer, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 57: 444-451 (as part of Xoridini). —Clement,
1938. Festschr. Embrik Strand, v. 4, p. 515-522 (western Palearctic spp.). — Oehlke, 1966
(1965). Beitr. z. Ent. 15: 881-892 (western Palearctic spp.).

Taxonomy: Townes, 1957. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 59: 15-20 (genera of world).

Genus POEMENIA Holmgren

Ophiodes Hartig, 1847. Naturw. Ver. Harz, Ber. 1846-1847, p. 18. Preocc. by Wagler, 1830;
Guenee, 1841.

Type-species: Ophiodes montanus Hartig. Monotypic. The type-species is regarded
as a synonym of P. hectica (Gravenhorst).




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Poemenia Holmgren, 1859. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad., Ofvers af ... Forhandl. 16: 130.

Type-species: Poemenia notata Holmgren. Monotypic.
Calliclisis Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 169.

Type-species: Ephialtes hecticus Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from three
species included by Schmiedeknecht, 1888.
Phthinodes Tschek, 1868. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verb. 18: 272.
Type-species: Ephialtes hecticus Gravenhorst. Monotypic.
Euxorides Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 167.

Type-species: Euxorides americanus Cresson. Monotypic.
Ophiogastra Ashmead, 1900. Canad. Ent. 32: 368. N. name for Ophiodes Hartig.
Lisso7iotopsis Habermehl, 1917. Ztschr. f. Wiss. Insektenbiol. 13: 234, 306.
Type-species: Lissonotopsis rnfa Habermehl. Monotypic.
Members of this genus may all be parasites of aculeate Hymenoptera which nest in wood,
abandoned plant galls, and similar situations.

Revision: Habeck and Townes, 1960. hi Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt.
2): 376-387.

Poemenia albipes (Cresson)
N. S. s. to S. C. and La., w. to B. C. and Calif.

Ephialtes albipes Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 143. ♀.

Morphology: Pratt, 1939. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 32: 735.

Poemenia americana
***authority mismatch
americana (Cresson). N. S. s. to Fla., w. to Great Lakes. Host: Passaloecus
cuspidatus Sm.
Eiixorides americanus Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 167. ♀.

Poemenia americana
***authority mismatch
nebulosa Habeck and Townes. Ont., Cole, Ariz., B. C. s. to Calif. Ecology: This
subspecies has been associated with Passaloecus relativus Fox, Osmia sp., Paratimia
conicola Fisher, and Laspeyresia piperana (Bsk.) in rearings from cones of Pinus spp.
Poemenia americana nebulosa Habeck and Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S.
Natl. Mus., Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 383. ♂, ♀.

Poemenia pacifica Habeck and Townes
Wash. s. to Calif. Ecology: This species has been reared from
galls of Disholcaspis truckeensis (Ash.) and also from the galls of another cynipid from
which a "chrysid-Uke bee" also emerged. This species is closely related to Poemenia
notata Holmgren.
Poemenia pacifica Habeck and Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus.
Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 385. ♂, ♀.

Poemenia thoracica (Cresson)
Sask. s. to Colo., w. to B. C. and Calif. Host: Osmia lingnaria propinqua

Cr.
Ephialtes thoracicus Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc 30: 377. ♀.
Euxorides Vancouveriensis Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p.

369. ♀.
Ephialtes vancouverensis Harrington, 1894. Canad. Ent. 26: 249. ♀.

Genus PODOSCHISTUS Townes

Podoschistus Townes, 1960. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 59: 18.
Type-species: Xorides vittifrons Cresson. Orig. desig.

Podoschistus vittifrons (Cresson)
Maine s. to Ga., w. to Oreg. and Tex. Ecology: One specimen of this
species was reared from Tetropinm velutinum in Larix occidentalis, but otherwise

Podoschistus vittifrons
***authority mismatch
has been associated with or reared from borers in hardwoods. Host:
Tetropium velutinum LeC, Graphisurus fasciatus (DeG.).

Xorides vittifrons Cresson, 1868. Canad. Ent. 1: 37. ♀.

Podoschistus vittifrons schlingeri Townes, 1960. hi Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus.
Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 388. 9 . N. syn.. The description of this synonym was based upon a single
female from Utah which shows a minor difference in the coloration of the hind tibia,
that difference not being found in the single male known to me from Oregon.

Morphology: Pratt, 1939. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 32: 735.




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Genus NEOXORIDES Clement

Neoxorides Clement, 1938. Festschr. Embrik Strand, v. 4, p. 517.
Type-species; Xorides nitens Gravenhorst. Orig. desig.
Members of this genus are parasites of wood-boring Coleoptera, and are often collected on
trunks of dead trees.

Neoxorides borealis (Cresson)
Southern Man. s. to Colo, and Ariz., w. to s. B. C. and Calif. Host:

Melanophila dnimmondi (kby.), Tetropium velutinum LeC, Hylotrupes bajulus (L.).
The holotype of this species is recorded from "Hudson Bay Territory". N. borealis is
closely related to the European N. collaris (Gravenhorst), and may prove only to be a
subspecies of it.
Xorides borealis Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 167. ♀.
Xorides occidentalis Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 380. ♀.

Neoxorides caryae (Harrington)
Que. s. to N. C, w. to Mich. Host: Saperda discoidea F.
Xorides caryae Harrington, 1891. Canad. Ent. 23: 132.
Biology: Harrington, 1891. Canad. Ent. 23: 132. — Blackman and Stage, 1924. N. Y. State Col.
Forestry, Syracuse Univ., Tech. Pub. 17: 182.

Neoxorides pilulus Townes
N. B. s. to N. C, w. to n. N. W. T., Yukon, Oreg., and Colo. Ecology: This
species appears to be a parasite of wood borers in both hardwoods and conifers. It is
anomalous in being the widest ranging, yet least collected, of the Nearctic spp. of
Neoxorides.
Neoxorides pilulus Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2):
390. ♂, ♀.

Tribe RHYSSINI

The North American members of this tribe are all parasites of Siricoidea.

Revision: Rohwer, 1920. U. S. Natl. MUS., Proc. 57: 418-428.

Genus RHYSSA Gravenhorst

Rhyssa Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 260.

Type-species: Ichneximon persuasorius Linnaeus. Desig. by Westwood, 1840.
Cryptocentrum Kirby, 1837. In Richardson, Swainson, and Kirby, Fauna Bor. Amer., v. 4,
p. 260.

Type-species: Cryptocentrum lineolatum Kirby. Monotypic.
Pararhyssa Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 109.

Type-species: Rhyssa persuasoria (Linnaeus). Desig. by Viereck, 1914.

Rhyssa alaskensis Ashmead
Alta. s. to N. Mex., w. to s. Alaska and Calif.

Rhyssa alaskensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 199. ♀.
Rhyssa skinneri Viereck, 1903. In Skinner, Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 87. ♀.

Rhyssa crevieri (Provancher)
N. S. s. to N. C, w. to Minn. Host: Urocerus albicomis (F.). It remains
to be proven that crevieri is distinct from lineolata (Kirby).
Epirhyssa Crevieri Provancher, 1880. Nat. Canad. 12: 17. ♂.

Rhyssa hoferi Rohwer
Colo., N. Mex., Ariz. Ecology: It appears that this species occurs in the lower
reaches of forests of Pinus ponderosa and in the pinyon-juniper forest type. Males
which are predominantly black with yellow markings (as opposed to red with yellow
markings) have been collected since the species was treated in the revision of Townes
and Townes (1960). Presumably, females with predominantly black ground color will also
be found.
Rhyssa hoferi Rohwer, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 57: 421. ♀.

Rhyssa howdenorum Townes
Md., Va., N. C, Ga., ala., Nebr. Ecology: This species parasitizes siricids
boring in Pinus spp.
Rhyssa howdenorum Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt.
2): 398. ♂, ♀.

Rhyssa lineolata
***authority mismatch
(Kirby). N. S. s. to Ga., w. to B. C. and Oreg.; New Zealand, Australia. Host:

Urocerus albicomis (F.), U. gigas flavicomis (¥.), Sirex cyaneus F., S. edwardsii BruUe,




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S. noctilio F., Xeris sp. This species is adventive in New Zealand, there parasitizing

Sirex noctilio, which is adventive from Europe. Subsequently, R. lineolata was

introduced in Australia for control of S. noctilio.
Cryptocentnim lineolatum Kirby, 1837. In Richardson, Swainson, and Kirby, Fauna Bor.

Amer., v. 4, p. 260. ♂.
Rhyssa albomaculata Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 318. ♀.

Taxonomy: Morley, 1909. Entomologist 42: 133. — Morley, 1910. Entomologist 43: 243.
— Zondag and Nuttall, 1961. New Zeal. Ent. 2 (6): 40-44 (identity and origin of New
Zealand population).

Biology: Gardiner, 1966. Canad. Ent. 98: 95-97 (oviposition).

Morphology: Pratt, 1939. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 32: 733.

Rhyssa persuasoria
***authority mismatch
persuasoria (Linnaeus). Newfoundland (insular) s. to Ga., w. to B. C. and Calif.;
Eurasia; New Zealand, Australia. Host: Sirex areolatus (Cr.), S. noctilio F., Xeris sp.,
Syntexis libocedHi Rohwer. Sirex noctilio was the target species for the successful
introductions of R. p. persuasoria into New Zealand and Australia from Europe, but the
other host records are North American. Two Himalayan subspecies of R. persuasoria
are recognized by Kamath and Gupta (1971).

Ichnetimon persuasorius Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., ed. 10, v. 1, p. 562. ♀.

Ichneumon camelus Scopoli, 1763. Ent. Cam., p. 282. sex ?

Rhyssa marginalis Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 79. ♀.

Rhyssa lineolata Kriechbaumer, 1887. Ent. Nachr. 13: 81. 9. Uncertain syn. which is
preocc. by Kirby, 1837.

Taxonomy: Kamath and Gupta, 1971. Oriental Ins. Monog. 2: 14 (key to subspecies).
— Spradbury and Radkowsky, 1974. Bui. Ent. Res. 64: 653-668 (geog. variation).

Biology: Franke, 1959. Photographie u. Forsch. 8: 1-9 (oviposition). — Ozols, 1962. Latvijas
Ent. 5: 29-40. —Klein, 1965. Ztschr. f. Angew. Ent. 56: 224. —Morgan and Stewart, 1966.
Roy. Soc. New Zeal. (Zool.), Trans. 8: 31-38 (habits and life history). —Hocking, 1968.
Australian Ent. Soc, Jour. 7: 1-5. —Spradbury, 1970. Animal Behavior 18: 103-114 (host
finding).

Rhyssa ponderosae Townes
Calif. Host: Sirex areolatus (Cr.).

Rhyssa ponderosae Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 216 (pt.
2): 401. ♂, ♀.

Genus RHYSSELLA Rohwer

Rhyssella Rohwer, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 57: 422.
Type-species: Rhyssa nitida Cresson. Orig. desig.

Members of this genus parasitize Siricoidea which bore in hardwood trees or bushes and may
be host specific to Xiphidriidae.

Rhyssella humida (Say)
Maine s. to Ga., w. to Minn, and Miss. Host: Xiphidria abdominalis Say, X.
tibialis Say.
Pimpla huyyiida Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 224. ♀.

Rhyssella nitida (Cresson)
Maine s. to Ga., w. to B. C. Host: Xiphidria canadensis Prov., X. maculata
Say.
Rhyssa nitida Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. PhDa., Proc. 3: 319. ♂.
Rhyssa canadensis Cresson, 1868. Canad. Ent. 1: 35. ♀.
Epirhyssa clavata Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 115.

Biology: Kaston, 1937. Conn. (State) Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 396: 359.

Morphology: Pratt, 1939. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 32: 733.

Genus MEGARHYSSA Ashmead

Thalessa Holmgren, 1859. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad., Ofvers af ... Forhandl. 16: 122. Preocc.
by Adams, 1853.




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Type-species: Ichneumon clavator Fabricius. Desig. by Ashmead, 1900. The
type-species is regarded as a synonym of M. gigas (Laxmann).
Megarhyssa Ashmead, 1900. Canad. Ent. 32: 368. N. name for Thalessa Holmgren.
Megalorkyssa Schulz, 1906. Spolia Hym., p. 115. Emend.

Eurhyssa Derksen, 1941. Ztschr. f. Morph. U. Oekol. der Tiere 37: 721. Name invalid;
type-species not designated except subsequently by Townes and Townes, 1951 as
Ichneumon superbtis Schrank.

In eastern North America the three species of Megarhyssa which are common in hardwood
forests—a ira fa (Linnaeus), macrurus (Linnaeus), and greenei (Viereck)— all show rather marked,
more or less clinal, geographic variation in the coloration of the wings, particularly in the
females. Specimens from the northern range extremities often have wings which are nearly
clear, while the wings of those from the southern range extremities are most deeply or most
uniformly infuscate. In macnincs and greenei subspecific distinctions have been made near the
southern extremities of the ranges, and in the case of atrata a subspecific distinction has been
made near the northern extremity of the range. I do not believe it is meaningful to treat these
particular peripheral variants as subspecies.

Revision: Michener, 1939. Pan-Pacific Ent. 15: 126-131.

Biology: Heatwole, Davis, and Wenner, 1962. Ztschr. f. Tierpsychol. 19: 652-664. — Heatwole,
Davis, and Wenner, 1964. Amer. Midland Nat. 71: 374-381. —Cameron, 1965.
Commonwealth Inst. Biol. Control, Tech. Bui. 5: 22.

Megarhyssa atrata (Fabricius)
N. S. s. to Ga., w. to Wyo. and Tex. Host: Tremex columba (L.).
Ichneuvion atratus Fabricius, 1781. Species Insectorum, v. 1, p. 436. ♀.
Ichnetimon tenebrator Thunberg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem. 8:

266; 9: 322. Unnecessarily proposed n. name for atratus Fabricius.
Rhyssa laevigata BruUe, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 78. ♂.
Megarhyssa atrata lineata Porter, 1957. Ent. News 68: 206. ♀. N. syn.

Biology: Harris, 1842. Rpt. Ins. Mass. Injurious to Veg., p. 391. —Walsh, 1867. Pract. Ent. 2:
118. -Walsh and Riley, 1868. Amer. Ent. 1: 77. —Harrington, 1882. Canad. Ent. 14: 82.
— Lintner, 1883. Cultivator and Country Gentleman 48: 561. —Harrington, 1883. Ent. Soc.
Ontario, Ann. Rpt. 13: 23-24. —Harrington, 1887. Canad. Ent. 19: 206-209. —Harrington,
1888. Ent. Soc. Ontario, Ann. Rpt. 18: 25. —Lintner, 1897. Cultivator and Country
Gentleman 62: 506. — Fyles, 1916. Ent. Soc. Ontario, Ann. Rpt. 46: 54, 57. — Macnamara,
1916. Ent. Soc. Ontario, Ann. Rpt. 46: 59. — Champlain, 1921. Ent. News 32: 241.
— Blackman and Stage, 1924. N. Y. State Col. Forestry, Syracuse Univ., Tech. Pub. 17: 178.
— Klugh, 1932. Amer. Photog. 26: 158. — Kaston, 1937. Conn. (State) Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui.
396: 359. —Proctor, 1938. Biol. Survey Mt. Desert Region, v. 6, p. 406. — Fattig, 1949. Ent.
News 40: 69-71.

Morphology: Snodgrass, 1933. Smithsn. Inst. Misc. Collect. 89 (8): 112-114.

Megarhyssa greenei Viereck
N. S. s. to Fla., w. to Minn., e. Kans., and Miss. Host: Tremex columba (L.).
Megarhyssa greenei Viereck, 1910. In Smith, N. J. State Mus., Ann. Rpt. for 1909, p. 627.

Nomen nudum.
Megarhyssa greenei Viereck, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 40: 191. cJ, 9.
Megarhyssa greenei floridana Townes, 1960. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 424. 9. N.
syn.

Biology: Proctor, 1938. Biol. Survey Mt. Desert Region, v. 6, p. 406. —Townes, 1939.
Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 34: 29. -Fattig, 1949. Ent. News 40: 70-71.

Morphology: Pratt, 1939. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 32: 737.

Megarhyssa macrurus
***authority mismatch
icterosticta Michener. Colo., N. Mex., Utah, Ariz. Presumably, m. icterosticta

intergrades with the nominate subspecies in the Rocky Mountains, but intermediate
specimens are apparently unknown.
Megarhyssa lunator icterosticta Michener, 1939. Pan-Pacific Ent. 15: 130. ♂, ♀.

Megarhyssa macrurus
***authority mismatch
macrurus (Linnaeus). Maine s. to Fla., w. to w. S. Dak. and w. Tex.; n. Mexico. Host:
Tremex columba (L.).
Ichneumon macrurus Linnaeus, 1771. Mantissa Plantarum, v. 2, p. 540. ♀.
Ichneumon lunator Fabricius, 1781. Species Insectorum, v. 1, p. 430. ♀.




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Ichneumon Georgicus Megerle, 1802. Appendix ad Cat. Ins., Quae Mense Novembris 1802

Vienne Austriae Auctionis Lege Vendita Fuere, p. 16. ♀.
Thalessa/ histrio Kriechbaumer, 1890. Wien, Mus. der Naturgesch., Ann. 5: 487. ♂. Preocc.

in Megarhyssa by Ichneumon histrio Christ, 1791.
Megalorhyssa lunatrix Schulz, 1906. Spolia Hym., p. 115. Emend.
Megarhyssa lunator phaeoptila Michener, 1939. Pan-Pacific Ent. 15: 129. ♀.

Biology: Harris, 1842. Rpt. Ins. Mass. Injurious to Veg., p. 391. —Emmons, 1854. Nat. Hist.
N. Y. (pt. 5) V. 5, p. 194. — D'Urban, 1865. Ent. Monthly Mag. 2: 71. —Riley, 1870. Amer.
Ent. 2: 96, 128. —Fletcher, 1881. Ent. Soc. Ontario, Ann. Rpt. 11: 67. —Harrington, 1882.
Canad. Ent. 14: 82. —Harrington, 1883. Ent. Soc. Ontario, Ann. Rpt. 13: 23-24. — Gade,
1884. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 7: 103. — Lintner, 1884. Cultivator and Country Gentleman
49: 331. —Riley, 1885. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 7: 123. —Smith, 1885. Brooklyn Ent. Soc,
Bui. 7: 124. —Riley, 1886. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc 1: 15. —Harrington, 1887. Canad. Ent. 19:
206-209. —Lintner, 1888. N. Y. State Mus. Nat. Hist., Rpt. 41: 35-42. —Harrington, 1888.
Ent. Soc. Ontario, Ann. Rpt. 18: 25-27. —Riley, 1888. U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 1:
168-179. —Lintner, 1889. N. Y. State Ent., Rpt. 4: 35-36. -Lintner, 1893. N. Y. State Mus.
Nat. Hist., Rpt. 45: 163-166. —Lintner, 1897. Cultivator and Country Gentleman 62: 506.
— Ashmead, 1900. N. J. State Bd. Agr., Ann. Rpt. 27 (sup.): 572. — Fyles, 1911. Ent. Soc.
Ontario, Ann. Rpt. 41: 80. —Douglas, 1912. State Ent. Ind., Ann. Rpt. 4: 105. —Baldwin,
1914. State Ent. Ind., Ann. Rpt. 6: 51. —Fyles, 1916. Ent. Soc Ontario, Ann. Rpt. 46: 54,
57. —Fyles, 1917. Ent. Soc Ontario, Ann. Rpt. 47: 28. —Barlow, 1921. Ent. News, 32: 291.
— Cushman, 1926. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 28: 32. — McDaniel, 1933. Mich. Agr. Expt. Sta.,
Spec Bui. 238: 37. -Woodbury, 1933. Ecol. Monog. 3: 191. -Abbott, 1934. N. Y. Ent. Soc,
Jour. 42: 127-133. -Abbott, 1934. Psyche 41: 238-240. -Abbott, 1937. Ent. News 47:
263-264. — Kaston, 1937. Conn. (State) Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 396: 359. — Kelley, 1939.
Nature Mag. 32: 379-380. — Townes, 1939. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 34: 29. — Fattig, 1949.
Ent. News 40: 69-71.

Morphology: Abbott, 1934. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 42: 127-133. —Abbott, 1934. Brooklyn Ent.
Soc, Bui. 29: 39-41. -Abbott, 1935. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 30: 10-13. —Peck, 1937.
Canad. Jour. Res., Sect. D (Zool. Sci.) 15: 237-240, 246, 247, 251.

Biology: Pratt, 1939. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 32: 733.

Morphology: Snodgrass, 1941. Smithsn. Inst., Misc. Collect. 99 (14): 33-34.

Megarhyssa nortoni (Cresson)
Newfoundland (Labrador) s. to n. Ga., w. to Alaska and Calif.; New

Zealand, Australia. Ecology: Occurs in coniferous forests. Host: Urocenis albicomis (F.),
Xeris niorrisoni (Cr.), Sirex sp., S. noctilio F. These host records are North American,
except in the case of Sirex noctilio, which was the target species for the successful
introductions into New Zealand and Australia. It seems very likely that nortoni will, at
best, prove to be only subspecifically distinct from the Eurasian M. gigas (Laxmann).

Rhyssa nortoni Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 317. ♀.

Thalessa Quebecensis Provancher, 1873. Nat. (ilanad. 5: 447. tJ, 9. Barron (1975) selected a
lectotype.

Megarhyssa nortonii Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 481. Emend.

Taxonomy: Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 542-543.

Biology: Essig, 1926. Ins. of West. N. Amer., p. 795-796. —Proctor, 1938. Biol. Survey Mt.
Desert Region, v. 1, p. 406. -Madden, 1968. Nature [London] 218: 189-190. — Nuttal, 1973.
New Zeal. Ent. 5 (2): 112-117 (mating behavior).

Genus EPIRHYSSA Cresson

Epirhyssa Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 39.

Type-species: Epirhyssa speciosa Cresson. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Rhyssonota Kriechbaumer, 1890. Wien. Mus. der Naturgesch., Ann. 5 (3): 489.

Type-species: Rhyssonota tristis Kriechbaumer. Monotypic. Except for the single
species occurring in the southwestern U. S., this genus is Neotropic




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Epirhyssa dietrichi Townes
Ariz.

Epirhyssa dietrichi Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt.
2): 414.

Subfamily LABENINAE

Taxonomy: Townes, 1969. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 11: 194-207 (tribes and genera of world; as
Labiinae, =Labeninae).

Tribe LABENINI

This is a small tribe, including five genera, only one of which has Nearctic species.

Genus LABENA Cresson

Labena Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 399.

Type-species: Cryptus grallator Say. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Caryoecus Walsh, 1866. Pract. Ent. 1: 30.

Type-species: Mesochorus fuscipennis Brulle. Monotypic.
Microtritus Kriechbaumer, 1889. Ent. Nachr. 15: 307.

Type-species: Microtritus apicalis Kriechbaumer. Monotypic.
Dyseidopus Kriechbaumer, 1890. Wien. Mus. der Naturgesch., Ann. 5: 489.

Type-species: Dyseidopus sericeus Kriechbaumer. Monotypic.
Neonotus Parrot, 1955 (1954). Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Proc. 79:230.

Type-species: Neonotus chadwickii Parrot. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is a large Australian, Neotropic, and Nearctic genus.

Revision: Townes and Townes, 1960. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 531-537.

Labena grallator (Say)
Mass. and s.e. Ont. s. to Fla., w. to Wis., Colo., and s.e. Calif.; Mexico? Ecology:
Has geen reared from insects infesting Pinus and Taxodium, but is more often reared
from borers in various angiosperms (trees, bushes, and vines). Host: Aneflomorpha sp.?
in Lycium belandieri, cerambycid in Baccharis halimifolia, Knulliana cincta (Drury),
Psyrassa unicolor (Rand.), Saperda puncticoUis Say, Stenosphenus notatus (Oliv.),
Agrilus sp., A. arcuatus (Say), Chrysobothris femorata (Oliv.), C. tranquebarica
(Gmelin), Thrincopyge alacris LeC, Lixus scrobicollis Boh., Pissodes strobi (Peck). The
geographic variation of grallator does not seem conducive to the recognition of
subspecies.

Cryptus grallator Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 236. ♀.

Mesochorus fuscipennis Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 250. ♀.

Labena apicalis Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 402. ♂.

Labena grallatrix Schulz, 1906. Spolia Hym., p. 116. Emend.

Labena confiisa Rohwer, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 57: 411. ♀.

Labena confusa var. minor Rohwer, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 57: 413. ♀.

Labena grallator xiitha Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 2):535. ♂, ♀. N. syn.

Labena grallator ochreata Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 2): 535. ♂, ♀. N. syn.

Labena grallator lutea Townes, 1960. hi Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 2): 536. ♂. N. syn.

Labena grallator balteata Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216(pt. 2): 536. ♂, ♀. N. syn.

Labena tinctipennis Rohwer
Central Ariz., s. B. C, Calif. Host: Dicerca horni Crotch.

Labena tinctipennis Rohwer, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 57: 409. ♀.

Tribe GROTEINI

The members of this tribe are parasites of bees. Only one of the three genera is represented
by North American species.




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Genus GROTEA Cresson

Grotea Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 397.

Type-species: Grotea angidna Cresson. Monotypic.

This is a small Neotropic and Nearctic genus. The hosts are twig-nesting bees of the genus
Ceratina. More than one Ceratina larva is consumed by each Grotea larva, and the pollen loaves
in the cells of the consumed Ceratina larvae are also eaten by larvae of Grotea.

Revision: Townes and Townes, 1960. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 538-541 (Nearctic spp.).
— Slobodchikoff, 1970. Pan-Pacific Ent. 46: 50-60 (Nearctic and Neotropic spp.).

Grotea anguina Cresson
Que. w. to Wis. and w. Iowa, s. to n.w. S. C, n. Miss., and s. Tex. Host:
Ceratina calcarata Rbtsn., C. dupla Say, C. metallica H. S. S.
Grotea anguina Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 398. ♂, ♀.

Biology: Graenicher, 1905. Ent. News 16: 43-49. — Rau, 1922. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 24:
43. —Rau, 1928. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 21: 383. —Daly, Stage, and Brown, 1967. Ent. Soc.
Amer., Ann. 60: 1275.

Grotea californica Cresson
Northern Idaho and s. B. C. s. to s. Calif. Host: Ceratina acantha Prov.,
C. dallatorreana Friese, C. gigantea H. S. S., C. nanula Ckll., C. ptinctigena Ckll.
Grotea californica Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 370. ♀.

Biology: Slobodchikoff. 1967. Pan-Pacific Ent. 43: 161-168. —Daly, Stage, and Brown, 1967.
Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 60: 1275-1277.

Grotea lokii Slobodchikoff
Colo., Ariz.; Mexico. This species was confused with anguina and

Grotea californica
***authority mismatch
in the revision of Grotea by Townes and Townes (1960).
Grotea lokii Slobodchikoff, 1970. Pan-Pacific Ent. 46: 60. ♂, ♀.

Tribe BRACHYCYRTINI

Revision: Walkley, 1956. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 106: 315-329.

Genus BRACHYCYRTUS Kriechbaumer

Brachycyrtus Kriechbaumer, 1880. Zool.-Min. Ver. Regensburg, Corresp. Bl. 34: 161.

Type-species: Brachycyrtus omatus Kriechbaumer. Monotypic.
Proterocryptiis Ashmead, 1906. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 30: 174.

Type-species: Proterocryptus nawaii Ashmead. Monotypic.
Xanthocharops Morley, 1912. Linn. Soc. London, Trans. 15: 173.

Type-species: Xanthocharops primus Morley. Monotypic.
Vakau Cheesman, 1928. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 1: 189.

Type-species: Vakau taitensis Cheesman. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Brachycyrtomorpha Blanchard, 1940. hi Kreibom de la Vega, Tucuman Estac. Expt. Agr.,

Rev. Indus, y Agr. 3: 170. Nomen nudum (figure only).
Brachycyrtomorpha Blanchard, 1942. Soc. Cient. Argentina, An. 134: 105.

Type-species: Brachycyrtomorpha crossi Blanchard. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is a small genus of worldwide distribution. The hosts are pupae or prfepupae of
Chrysopidae.

Revision: Townes and Townes, 1960. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 542-544 (Nearctic spp.).

Brachycyrtus ornatus Kriechbaumer
Pa., Md., Ohio, Mich., Ariz., s. B. C; Mexico; Eurasia. Host: Chrysopid.
Brachycyrtus omatus Kriechbaumer, 1880. Zool.-Min. Ver. Regensburg, Corresp.-Bl. 34:

163. ♀.
Brachycyrtus chrysopae Walley, 1940. Canad. Ent. 72: 86. ♀.

Brachycyrtus pretiosus Cushman
Central and s. Fla. Host: Nodita pavida (Hagen), chrysopid pupae.
Brachycyrtus pretiosus Cushman, 1936. U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc. 84: 19. ♂, ♀.

Subfamily TRYPHONINAE

Species of this subfamily are external parasites of the larvae of sawflies or Lepidoptera. The
eggs of Tryphoninae are equipped with a holdfast which is often borne on a stalk or is derived




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from coiling of the stalk; it serves to fasten the eggs within the puncture the female makes in
the skin of the host larva. According to Mason (1967), in species which parasitize sawflies, eclo-
sion from the egg does not occur until after the host has spun its cocoon.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1969. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 11: 143-193 (genera of world).

Biology: Mason, 1967. Canad. Ent. 99: 376.

Tribe PHYTODIETINI

Members of this tribe are parasitic on larvae of Lepidoptera. The stalk of the egg is long,
slender, and loosely coiled; in newly deposited eggs the stalk is elastic, but later becomes rigid so
that its coiling serves to hold it firmly in the skin of the host.

Townes (1969) preferred to group the numerous species of this tribe into two genera, each
with a number of subgenera. His use of more subgeneric than generic names seems to make the
classification of this tribe discordant with his classification of the rest of the subfamily.

Genus PHYTODIETUS Gravenhorst

This genus is divided into four subgenera, two of which have North American species. The
North American species are currently being revised by Dr. C. C. Loan, and publication of his
revision may precede the appearance of this catalog.

Revision: Rohwer, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 57: 460-468.

Genus PHYTODIETUS Subgenus NEUCHORUS Uchida

Neuchorus Uchida, 1931. Insecta Matsumurana 5: 143.

Type-species: Neuchorus longicauda Uchida. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Doratistes Seyrig, 1932. Acad. Malgache, Mem. 11: 27. Described as a subgenus of
Phytodietus but treated nomenclaturally as a genus.

Type-species: Doratistes absyrtinus Seyrig. Orig. desig.

Taxonomy: Krebs, 1969. Canad. Ent. 101: 548-549 (key to Nearctic spp.).
rufipes pulcherrimus (Cresson). Atlantic to Cont. Divide in Transit, and U. Aust. Zones. Host:
Loxostege rantalis (Gn.), L. sticticalis (L.), Ostrinia ohliteralis (Wlk.), Phlyctaenia
coronata tertialis (Gn.). P. (N.) nifipes nifipes Holmgren is European.

Mesoleptus pulcherrimus Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 101. ♂.

Phytodietus distinctus Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 166. ♀.

Phytodietus zonatus Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 79. ♀.

Mesostenus nobilis Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13: 363. ♀.

Mesoleius telarius Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 106. ♀.

Ctenopelma pulchra Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 198. ♂.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1969. Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 11: 147.

Biology: Balduf, 1929. Ohio Jour. Sci. 29: 233-234.

Phytodietus rutilus Krebs
Md., N. Y., Mich., Ky.

Phytodietus (Neuchorus) rutilus Krebs, 1969. Canad. Ent. 101: 549. cJ, 9.

Genus PHYTODIETUS Subgenus PHYTODIETUS Gravenhorst

Phytodietus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea 2: 928.

Type-species: Phytodietus astutus Gravenhorst. Desig. by Westwood, 1840.

Phytodiaetus Agassiz, 1846. Nomencl. Zool., Index Univ., p. 291. Emend.

Phytodietus burgessi (Cresson)
Atlantic to 100° W. in Transit, and U. Austr. Zones.

Tryphon Burgessi Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 105. ♂.

Tryphon biirgessii Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 293. Emend.

Phytodietus plesia Rohwer, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 57: 465. ♀.

Phytodietus californicus Cresson
Colo., Wash., Calif.

Phytodietus californicus Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 380. ♀.

clypearius Ashmead. Wyo., Alaska.

Phytodietus clypearius Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 195. ♂, ♀.




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Phytodietus flavifrons Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 196. ♂.

Phytodietus facialis Rohwer
N. J., La., Tex. Host: Acrobasis comptoniella Hulst.

Phytodietus facialis Rohwer, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 47: 462. ♀.

Phytodietus fumiferanae Rohwer
Wyo., Colo., Ariz., B. C, Oreg. Host: C horistoneura lambertiana (Bsk.),
C. occidentalis Free.
Phytodietus fumiferanae Rohwer, 1922. Canad. Ent. 54: 155. ♂, ♀.

Phytodietus parvus Rohwer
Calif.

Phytodietus panms Rohwer, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 57: 463. ♀.

Phytodietus pleuralis Cresson
Atlantic to Tex., Colo., Ariz. Host: Acleris minuta (Rob.).
Phytodietus pleuralis Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 266. ♂.
Meniscus U-cinctus Ashmead, 1894. In Webster, Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., Jour. 17: 50. ♂.
Dr. C. C. Loan found the heretofore lost holotype among specimens he borrowed from
the U. S. Natl. Museum and advised me of the present synonymy.

Phytodietus segmentator (Gravenhorst)
Eurasia. Introduced in Ontario in 1956 for control of the native
Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.). Only a small number of individuals (35 males and 39
females) were released, which would seem to have precluded establishment.
Phytodietus segmentator Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 944. 6,2.

Phytodietus vulgaris Cresson
Transcont. in Transit., Canad., Huds. Zones. Host: Argyrotaenia -pinatubana
(Kft.), Archips argyrospilus (Wlk.).
Phytodietus vulgaris Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 166. ♂, ♀.
Mesoleius annulatus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 106. ♀.
Preocc. by Brischke, 1871.

Biology: Femald, 1891. Mass. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 12: 9.

Genus NETELIA Gray

Until 1939 the generic name Paniscus Schrank (1801) was universally applied to the majority
of species now placed in Netelia. The name Paniscus is now uniformly treated as an objective
synonym of Ophion, thus reversal of this unfortunate change would cause more confusion than it
would eliminate.

Members of this genus are nocturnal or crepuscular and are often attracted to lights. Because
of similar habits and general appearance casual observers often confuse them with species of
Ophioninae. Netelia females generally sting more painfully than those of Ophioninae, however.

Revision: Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 168-231.

Biology: Riley, 1869. Insects Mo., Ann. Rpt. 1: 89. — Cushman, 1913. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc.
15: 155-157. —Vance, 1927. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 20: 405-417. — Schaffner and Griswold,
1934. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 188: 143-144.

Morphology: Whitmarsh, 1910. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 3: 198, 204-208.

Genus NETELIA Subgenus PAROPHELTES Cameron

Paropheltes Cameron, 1907. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, Jour. 17: 1011.
Type-species: Paropheltes flavolineatus Cameron. Monotypic

Netelia alaskensis (Ashmead)
Alta., Wyo., Alaska.

Paniscus alaskensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 237. ♂.

Netelia albovariegata (Provancher)
Que., N. Y., Ohio, III, S. Dak.

Paniscus albovariegatus Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 106. ♂.

Netelia barberi (Cushman)
N. S. s. to D. C, w. to B. C, Wash.

Paniscus pallens var. barberi Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 64: 40. ♀, ♂.

Netelia ciliata Townes
Calif.

Netelia (Paropheltes) ciliata Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 180. ♂.

Netelia laticeps Townes
Ariz.

Netelia (Paropheltes) laticeps Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 181. ♂.

Netelia macroglossa Townes
B. C, Nev.

Netelia (Paropheltes) macroglossa Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 179. ♂.




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Netelia picta Townes
Nev.

Netelia (Paropheltes) picta Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 181. ♂.

Netelia radiata Townes
Kans., Ariz., Calif.

Netelia (Paropheltes) radiata Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 180. ♂.

Netelia rimata Townes
B. C, Calif.

Netelia (Paropheltes) rimata Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 180. ♂.

Netelia serrata Townes
N. Y., Ont., Iowa., S. Dak.

Netelia (Paropheltes) serrata Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 180. ♂.

Netelia tarsata (Brischke)
N. S. s. to S. C, w. to Alta.; Eurasia.

Paniscus tarsatus Brischke, 1880. Naturf. Gesell. Danzig, Schr. 4 (4): 138. ♂, ♀.

Parabatus terebrator Ulbricht, 1922. Konowia 1: 181. ♂, ♀.

Genus NETELIA Subgenus PARABATES Foerster

Parabates Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 150.

Type-species: Parabatus niffricarpus Thomson. Designated by Enderlein (1912)
from four species included by Thomson (1888).
Parabatus Thomson, 1888. Opusc. Ent. 12: 1194. Emend. See the discussion pertaining to

the subgenus Bessobates.
Opheltoideus Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 95.

Type-species: Opheltoideus johnsoni Ashmead. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This subgenus is small, having one Nearctic and one European species.

Netelia johnsoni (Ashmead)
N. H., N. C, Tenn., B. C.

Ctenacme monticola Ashmead, 1900. In Slosson, Ent. News 11: 320. Nomen nudum.
Opheltoideus johnsoni Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 95. Sex not specified. No

type specimen can be found in the U. S. Natl. Museum collection.
Opheltoideus johnsonii Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 83. Emend.
Parabates monticola Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (8): 20. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1969. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 11: 151.

Genus NETELIA Subgenus TOXOCHILUS Townes

Netelia subg. Toxochilus Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 182.
Type-species: Paniscus clypeatus Cushman. Orig. desig.

This subgenus is known only from the Nearctic Region.

Netelia caviverticalis (Cushman)
Colo.

Paniscus caviverticalis Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 64 (20): 29. ♀.

Netelia clypeata (Cushman)
Va., W. Va., 111., Iowa, S. Dak., Colo., N. Mex.

Paniscus clypeatus Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 64 (20): 29. ♂.

Netelia glabra Townes
Kans.

Netelia (Toxochilus) glabra Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 183. ♂, ♀.

Netelia magniceps
***authority mismatch
Townes. S. Dak., Mo., Kans., Colo., Ariz.

Netelia (Toxochilus) magniceps Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 184. ♂, ♀.

Netelia mystace Townes
Ariz.

Netelia (Toxochilus) mystace Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 184. ♂.

Netelia pulchra (Cushman)
N. Mex.

Paniscus pulcher Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 64 (20): 25. ♀, ♂.

Netelia ultima Townes
S. Dak., N. Mex.

Netelia (Toxochilus) ultima Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 183. ♂, ♀.

Genus NETELIA Subgenus PROSTHODOCIS Enderlein

Prosthodocis Enderlein, 1912. Stettin. Ent. Ztg. 73: 107, 141.

Type-species: Paniscus antefurcalis Szepligeti. Monotypic and orig. desig.

Netelia exserta (Cushman)
R. I., N. Y. s. to Ala., w. to Mo.

Parabates exsertus Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 64 (20): 47. ♀.




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Genus NETELIA Subgenus NETELIA Gray

Netelia Gray, 1860. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 5 (3): 341.

Type-species: Paniscus inquinatus Gravenhorst. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Bucheckerius Schulz, 1906. Spolia Hym., p. 280.

Type-species: Bucheckerius perforatus Schulz. Monotypic.
Scammatonotum Enderlein, 1914. In Michaelsen, Beitr. z. Kennt. ... Fauna
Deut.-Sudwestafrikas, v. 1, p. 231.

Type-species: Scammatonotum herero Enderlein. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Amebachia Uchida, 1928. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Fac. Agr., Jour. 21: 198.

Type-species: Amebachia baibarana Uchida. Orig. desig.

This subgenus includes three-fourths of the Netelia species, and they are distributed
throughout the world.

Netelia acuminata Townes
Mass. s. to Ala., w. to Minn., s. Calif.

Netelia (Netelia) acuminata Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 206. ♂, ♀.

Netelia affinis Townes
Wash., Nev.

Netelia (Netelia) affinis Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 206. ♂.

Netelia blantoni Townes
R. I., N. Y., Pa., Va.

Netelia (Netelia) blayitoni Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 214. ♂.

Netelia brevicornis
***authority mismatch
brevicornis (Cushman). N. S. s. to Ala., w. to Mont., Tex.

Paniscus brevicornis Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 64 (20): 27. ♂, ♀.

Netelia brevicornis
***authority mismatch
suturalis Townes. Alta. s. to Utah, w. to B. C, Oreg.

Netelia (Netelia) brevicornis suturalis Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 201. ♂, ♀.

Netelia brevicornis
***authority mismatch
temporalis (Cushman). Southwestern Calif.

Paiiiscus temporalis Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 64 (20): 30. ♀.

Netelia brunnea Townes
N. Y., Pa., Md., Va.

Netelia (Netelia) bnmnea Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 209. ♂.
caiifornica (Cushman). Southern B. C. to s. Calif. The species has not been collected more
than 80 miles from the Pacific Coast.

Paniscus califomicus Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 64 (20): 36. ♀.

Netelia calva Townes
Va.

Netelia (Netelia) calva Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 210. ♂.

Netelia cascadica Townes
Oreg.

Netelia (Netelia) cascadica Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 205. ♂.

Netelia caudata Townes
Va., 111., Okla.

Netelia (Netelia) caudata Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 216. ♂.

Netelia chloris (Olivier)
Que. s. to N. C, w. to Mont., Tex.

Ophion chloris Olivier, 1811. Encycl. Meth. Hist. Nat. Insectes, v. 8, p. 509. ♀.

Ophion geminatus Say, 1829. Contrib. Maclurian Lycium to Arts and Sci. 1: 76. Sex not
stated.

Pa7iiscus texanus Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 425. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 111.

Netelia cockerelli (Cushman)
N. Mex., Utah, Ariz., Calif.

Paniscus cockerelli Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 64 (20): 35. ♀.

Netelia cushmani Townes
B. C.

Netelia (Netelia) cushmani Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 206. ♂.

Netelia delicata Townes
Que. s. to Ala., w. to Minn., Kans.

Netelia (Netelia) delicata Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 212. ♂, ♀.

Netelia densa Townes
N. Mex., Ariz.

Netelia (Netelia) densa Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 204. ♂.

Netelia emorsa Townes
Fla.; Bermuda, W. Indies. This species may prove to be a syn. of subfusca
(Cresson), which was described from Cuba.

Netelia (Netelia) emorsa Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 197. ♂, ♀.

Netelia falcata Townes
Vt., N. Y., Pa.

Netelia (Netelia) falcata Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 210. ♂, ♀.




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Netelia heroica Townes
N. Y., Mich., Minn., Ariz.; Mexico.

Netelia (Netelia) heroica Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 213. ♂.

Netelia idioctenus Townes
N. Y., Va., S. C, Ala.

Netelia (Netelia) idioctenus Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 198. ♀.

Netelia inepta
***authority mismatch
Townes. N. J., N. C, S. C, Ga.

Netelia (Netelia) inepta Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 215. ♂.

Netelia ingrata Townes
Ariz.

Netelia (Netelia) ingrata Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 216. ♂.
iativectis Townes. N. Mex.

Netelia (Netelia) Iativectis Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 212. ♂.
Ico arizonensis (Cushman). N. Mex., Ariz., s. Calif.; Mexico.

Paniscus arizonensis Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 64 (20): 37. ♀.

Netelia leo
***authority mismatch
leo (Cushman). Mass. s. to Ga., w. to Iowa, Tex.

Paniscus leo Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 64 (20): 38. ♀.

Netelia ligata Townes
Ariz.

Netelia (Netelia) ligata Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 205. ♂.

Netelia lucens Townes
Colo.

Netelia (Netelia) lucens Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 205. ♂, ♀.

Netelia macra Townes
Md., Va., 111., Ariz.; W. Indies, Peru, Argentina.

Netelia (Netelia) macra Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 196. ♂.

Netelia microdon Townes
Va., S. C, Fla., Ala., Miss., Tex.

Netelia (Netelia) microdon Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 211. ♂, ♀.

Netelia microtylus Townes
Ariz.

Netelia (Netelia) microtylus Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 210. ♂, ♀.

Netelia mustela Townes
Ariz.

Netelia (Netelia) mustela Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 194. ♂, ♀.
nigjipectus (Ashmead). Tex.

Paniscus nigripectus Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 425. ♀.

Netelia nitida Townes
N. Y.

Netelia (Netelia) nitida Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 215. ♂.

Netelia obrepta Townes
Pa., Mich.

Netelia (Netelia) obrepta Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 215. ♂.

Netelia ocellata (Viereck)
D. C. s. to Ga., w. to Sask., Ariz.; Bermuda, Peru. Host: Agrrotis orthogonia
Morr.

Paniscus ocellatus Viereck, 1909. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 11: 211. ♂, ♀.

Paniscus immaculatus Morley, 1913. Rev. Ichn. Brit. Mus., v. 2, p. 109. ♀.

Paniscus ocellatus var. microocellatus Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 64 (20): 36. ♂, ♀.

Netelia orba Townes
D. C, S. C.

Netelia (Netelia) orba Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 193. ♂.

Netelia ovalis Townes
R. I. s. to D. C, w. to Wis., Kans.

Netelia (Netelia) ovalis Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 212. ♂.

Netelia pallens
***authority mismatch
occidentalis Townes. Tex., N. Mex., Ariz., B. C, Nev.

Netelia (Netelia) pallens occidentalis Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 208. cJ, 9.

Netelia pallens
***authority mismatch
pallens (Cushman). Atlantic States from N. Y. s. to Ga.

Paniscus pallens Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 64 (20): 39. ♂, ♀.

Netelia palpalis Townes
Maine, Mass., N. Y., N. C.

Netelia (Netelia) palpalis Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 203. ♂.

Netelia pardalis (Cushman)
Wyo. s. to N. Mex. w. to B. C, Calif.

Paniscus pardalis Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 64 (20): 31. ♂.

Paniscus neomexicanus Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 64 (20): 33. ♀.

Netelia percurrens Townes
Colo.

Netelia (Netelia) percurrens Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 207. ♂.




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Netelia platypes (Cushman)
Mass. s. to Ala., s. to Wis. Host: Acroyiicta radcliffei (Harv.).
Paniscus platypes Cushman, 1930 (1929). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 76 (25): 6. ♀.

Netelia pluridens Townes
Wyo.

Netelia (Netelia) pluridens Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 202. ♂.

Netelia punctata Townes
Conn. s. to Va., w. to Mich., Tex.

Netelia (Netelia) punctata Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 208. ♂, ♀.

Netelia recta Townes
Ariz.

Netelia (Netelia) recta Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 193. ♂, ♀.

Netelia rectifascia Townes
Ariz.

Netelia (Netelia) rectifascia Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 216. ♂.

Netelia reflexa Townes
Tex.

Netelia (Netelia) reflexa Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 198. ♂.

Netelia sayi (Cushman)
Que. s. to N. C, w. to S. Dak., Tex. Host: Amathes badinodis (Grt.), Heliothis
zea (Bod.). This is the commonest species of the genus in the northeastern U. S.; it
occurs throughout the summer and autumn.

Paniscus gemiinatus var. sayi Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 64 (20): 41. ♂, ♀.

Biology: Vance, 1927. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 20: 405-415.

Netelia spinipes (Cushman)
Mass. s. to Ga., w. to Mont., Tex.; Mexico. Host: Heliothis zea (Bod.).
Paniscus spinipes Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 64 (20): 32. ♂, ♀.

Biology: Vance, 1927. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 20: 405-417.

Netelia stigmata Townes
N. Y., N. J.

Netelia (Netelia) stigmata Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 202. ♂, ♀.

Netelia strigilobus Townes
Calif. Host: Zale lunata (Drury).

Netelia (Netelia) strigilobus Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 207. ♂, ♀.

Biology: Hicks, 1933. Pan-Pacific Ent. 9: 49-52 (as Paniscus sp., possibly seminifus
Holmgren).

Netelia townesi (Uchida)
Calif.

Netelia (Netelia) unicolor Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 202. Preocc. in Netelia by Smith,

1874.
Payiiscus townesi Uchida, 1939. Insecta Matsumurana 14: 45. N. name for unicolor
Townes.

Netelia townsendi (Cushman)
N. Mex.

Paniscus townsendi Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 64 (20): 40. ♀.

Netelia trituberculata (Cushman)
Ariz., Calif.

Paiiiscus trituberculatus Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 64 (20): 26. ♀.

Netelia turbans Townes
Ariz., Colo.

Netelia (Netelia) turbans Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 209. ♂.

Netelia umbone Townes
Calif.

Netelia (Netelia) umbone Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 207. ♂.

Netelia unguicularis (Cushman)
R. L s. to N. C, w. to III., Ala. Ecology: This species occurs in moist
bottomland forests.
Paniscus unguicularis Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 64 (20): 33. ♂, ♀.

Genus NETELIA Subgenus BESSOBATES Townes

Netelia subg. Bessobates Townes, 1961. In Townes, Townes, and Gupta; Amer. Ent. Inst.,
Mem. 1: 93.

Type-species: Parabatus deceptor Morley. Orig. desig.

Because of careless bibliographic work, Bradley (1919) managed to find reason for applying
the names Parabates Foerster and Parabatus Thomson to separate subgenera, the latter to
what is now called Bessobates. It is evident that Bradley would not have wished to find reason
for doing so if he had been aware of Enderlein's (1912) designation of Parabatus nigricarpus
Thomson as the type-species of Parabates. Ironically, it is also quite obvious that if Viereck
(1914) had been aware of the Enderlein designation for parabates, he would also have




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designated nigricarpus as the type-species of Parabatus, which would have prevented sub-
sequent authors from applying these names to separate subgenera of Netelia, as did Townes for
more than 20 years (1939 to 1961). Apparently recognizing that it was no longer feasible to treat
some of the Thomson emendations of Foerster names as having been newly proposed for
separate taxa, Townes (1961) abandoned his earlier stance on the issue with the proposal of Bes-
sobates as a "new name for Parabatus as defined by Townes, 1939." Not only does it seem incor-
rect for Townes to have characterized his proposal of Bessobates in those terms, it is paradoxical
for him to have done so without a word calling attention to or explaining his designation of
Parabatus deceptor Morley as type-species instead of Ichneumon virgatus Geoffroy. Townes
(1969) attributes the name Bessobates to Townes, Townes, and Gupta, but the wording of the
proposal (yet alone the 1939 description) is clearly in the unadulterated style of the senior
author, and it seems inappropriate for him to place part of the blame for it upon the junior
authors.

Taxonomy: Enderlein, 1912. Stettin. Ent. Ztg. 73: 106. — Viereck, 1914. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui.

83: 110. —Bradley, 1919. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) 3: 319-324. —Townes, 1969. Amer.

Ent. Inst, Mem. 11: 154.

Netelia deceptor (Morley)
N. S. s. to Pa., w. to Alaska, Calif. Host: Schizura concinna (J. E. S.), Polia
legitimata (Grt.).

Parabatus deceptor Morley, 1913. Rev. Ichn. Brit. Mus., v. 2, p. 129. ♂.

Parabates cristatoides Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 64 (20): 46. cJ, 9.

Parabates crassus Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 64 (20): 47. 9. Uncertain syn.

Netelia latungula (Thomson)
Que. s. to Va., w. to Ont., 111.; Eurasia.

Parabatus latungula Thomson, 1888. Opusc. Ent. 12: 1196. ♂, ♀.

Netelia longipalpus Townes
Que. s. to Ala., w. to Mich., III.

Parabatus smithi Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 64 (20): 45. ♀. Preocc. in Netelia
by Dalla Torre (1902).

Netelia (Parabatiis) longipalpus Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 218. N. name for smithi
Cushman.
rogrersi Townes. N. Y., Pa., Md., Va., N. C.

Netelia (Parabatus) rogersi Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 219. ♂, ♀.

Netelia sinus Townes
Md., Va., 111.; Guatemala.

Netelia (Parabatus) sinus Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 220. ♂.

Netelia uncata Townes
D. C, S. C.

Netelia (Parabatus) uncata Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 218. cj, 9.

Unplaced Taxon of Netelia

Netelia appendiculata (Provancher)
Que.

Paniscus appendicxdatus Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 105. 6. According to Barron
(1975) the holotype is lost.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1939 (1938). Lloydia 1: 222. —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 427-428.

Tribe OEDEMOPSINI

This is a small tribe with nine genera, seven of which are represented by species in the Nearc-
tic Region. Most of the species are apparently parasitic upon larvae of Lepidoptera, but Eclytus
spp. parasitize sawfly larvae.

The names Thymarides (Thomson, 1883) and Eclytini (Townes, 1945) are junior synonyms of
Oedemopsini (Woldstedt, 1877).

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1945. Bol. Ent. Venezolana 4: 41-53 (out of date generic
revision with keys for Neotropic species).

Genus ECLYTUS Holmgren

Eclytus Holmgren, 1857 (1855). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 1: 127.

Type-species: Eclytiis omatus Holmgren. Desig. by Viereck, 1912.
Zapedias Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 206.




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Type-species: Mesoleptus exomattis Gravenhorst. Included and desig. by Townes,
Momoi, and Townes, 1965.
Anoplectes Kriechbaumer, 1896. Ent. Nachr. 23: 363.

Type-species: Anoplectes vuilticolor Kriechbaumer. Monotypic.

Eclytus ornatus Holmgren
Newfoundland (Labrador) s. to N. C, w. to Alaska, Colo.; Europe.

Eclytus ornatus Holmgren. 1857 (1855). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 1: 127. ♂, ♀.
Eclytus perennis Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 305. cJ, ?.
Spanotecnus Jlavopictus Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 204. ♂.

Genus HERCUS Townes

Hercus Townes, 1969. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 11: 157.

Type-species: Orthocentrus pleuralis Provancher. Orig. desig. There are three
Nearctic species, one of them undescribed.

Hercus fontinalis (Holmgren)
Alaska; Europe.

Eclytus fontinalis Holmgren, 1857 (1855). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 1: 128. ♂, ♀.
Eclytus yakutatensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 204. ♂.
Himertosoma schmiedeknechti Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 194. ♂.

Hercus pleuralis (Provancher)
N. S. s. to Va., w. to S. Dak. Host: Argyrotaenia pinatubana (Kft.), A.
velutinana (Wlk.), Platynota idaeusalis (Wlk.) Acrobasis kearf'ottella Dyar.
Orthocentrus pleuralis Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 328. 9. The syntypes were not

located by Barron (1975).
Calliphrurusf taeniogaster Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mas., Proc. 43: 585. ♂.

Taxonomy: Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 533.

Genus NELIOPISTHUS Thomson

Neliopisthus Thomson, 1883. Opusc. Ent. 9: 907.

Type-species: Phytodietus elegans Ruthe. Monotypic.
Polysphinctomorpha Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 59.

Type-species: Polysphinctomorpha luggeri Ashmead. Orig. desig.

Revision: Cushman, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 56: 378-381. — Cushman, 1935. Wash. Acad.
Sci., Jour. 25: 553-555.

Neliopisthus densatus (Say)
Maine s. to Md., w. to S. Dak., Ariz.

Anomalon densatus Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 243. ♀.
Neliopisthus similis Cushman, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 56: 379. ♀.

Taxonomy: Cushman and Gahan, 1921. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 23: 155.

Neliopisthus niger Cushman
Colo., Idaho, Ariz., Wash.

Neliopisthus niger Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 60 (21): 12. ♀.

Neliopisthus longicauda Cushman, 1935. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 25: 554. ♀.

Neliopisthus piceae Cushman
Maine, Minn., Oreg. Host: Coleotechnites piceaella (Kft.).

Neliopisthus piceae Cushman, 1935. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 25: 555. ♂, ♀.

Neliopisthus semirufus (Provancher)
Que. s. to Va., w. to Minn. Host: Psilocorsis sp.

Hemiteles semirufus Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 332. ♀.

Polysphincta erythropletira Ashmead, 1896; 1902. In Slosson, Ent. News 7: 264; 13: 321.
Nomen nudum.

Polysphinctomorpha luggeri Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 59. ♀.

Neliopisthus nigridorsum Cushman, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 56: 379. ♀.

Genus THYMARIS Foerster

Thymaris Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 151.

Type-species: Thymaris padchricomis Brischke. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Brischke, 1880. The Brischke types have been destroyed, and the
interpretation of pulchricomis is based upon Pfankuch's (1906) placement of it as
a synonym of Mesoleptus tener Gravenhorst (1829). Pfankuch later (1925) placed




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piilchricornis as a synonym of Hemiteles contaminatus Gravenhorst (1829), and
Perkins (1962) treated contaminatus as a junior synonym of tener by virtue of
page priority but did not state that he had examined the Gravenhorst types in
question.
Tkymarus Thomson, 1883. Opusc. Ent. 9: 908. Emend.

Townes (1969) says that there are two Nearctic species, one of them undescribed.

Taxonomy: Pfankuch, 1906. Ztschr. System. Hym. Dipt. 6: 82. — Pfankuch, 1925. Deut. Ent.
Ztschr. 4: 260. —Perkins, 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 11: 458. —Townes, 1969.
Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 11: 158-159.

Thymaris negligere (Davis)
N. J. s. to Ala., w. to Kans.

Eusterinx negligere Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 246. ♀.
Callidiotes kansensis Brues, 1907. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 5: 55. ♀.
Thymaris americamis Cushman, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 56: 381. ♂, ♀.

Genus ZAGRYPHUS Cushman

Zagryphus Cushman, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 56: 377.

Type-species: Mesoleptus nasutus Cresson. Monotypic and orig desig.

The name Campothreptiis Foerster has been erroneously applied to this genus by Townes (e.
g. 1969) who has treated Mesoleptus nasutus Cresson as its type-species. Cushman (1919) cor-
rectly argued that it was Tryphon nasutus Cresson and not Mesoleptus nasutus that Davis
(1897) placed in Campothreptus. Therefore, Campothreptus is a synonym of Oedemopsis (which
see).

Taxonomy: Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 247. —Cushman, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus.,
Proc 56: 376-378. —Townes, 1969. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 11: 159.

Zagryphus nasutus (Cresson)
Pa. s. to Fla., w. to Minn, and Kans.; Mexico, Guatemala.

Mesoleptus? nasiitus Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 103. 6,9. The variant
spelling "nastutus" appears on p. 103, but it is anonymously rejected in the errata (p.
398 [1869]).
Synchnoleter americanus Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 196. ♂.

Genus OEDEMOPSIS Tschek

Oedemopsis Tschek, 1868. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verb. 18: 276.

Type-species: Oedemopsis rogenhoferi Tschek. Monotypic. The type-species is
considered to be a synonym of 0. scabricularis (Gravenhorst).
Hybophanes Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 166.

Type-species: Tryphon scabricularis Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from
three species included by Schmiedeknecht, 1888.
Campothreptus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 201. N. syn.

Type-species: Tryphon nasutus Cresson. By subsequent monotypy from inclusion
by Davis, 1897. Although Davis (1897) treated Tryphon? nasutus Cresson as a
synonym of Mesoleptus nasidus Cresson, his description applies only to the
former (see discussion under Zagryphus). Davis' error in suppressing Tryphon
nasutus as a synonym of Mesoleptus nasutus could only have been inadvertent
—i.e. I do not see how it is possible that Davis' error could have been an error of
judgement and hence do not believe that it is reasonable to argue that he
misidentified Tryphon nasutus as Mesoleptus nasutus.
Zarhynchus Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 59. Preocc. by Oberholser, 1899.

Type-species: Tryphon nasutus Cresson. Monotypic and orig desig.
Rhynchothyreus Ashmead, 1900. Canad. Ent. 32: 368. N. name for Zarhynchus Ashmead.
Oedematopsis Morley, 1908. Brit. Ichn. 3: 268. Emend, of Oedemopsis.

Details regarding my resurrection of the name Oedemopsis and its priority over Hybophanes
wUl be given elsewhere.

Oedemopsis davisi Carlson
n. name. Conn. s. to Va., w. to B. C, N. Mex.

Tryphon? 7iasutus Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 107. ♀. Preocc. by
Gravenhorst, 1829.




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Genus ATOPOTROPHOS Cushman

Atopoffnathus Cushman, 1919. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 21: 116. Preocc. by Bigot, 1881.

Type-species: Atopognathns collaris Cushman. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Atopotroplws Cushman, 1940. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 88: 365. N. name for Atopognathus
Cushman.

There are two Nearctic species, one undescribed.

Atopotrophos bucephalus (Cresson)
Md., D. C, Va., N. C, Ala.; Mexico.

Mesoleptusf bucephalus Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 36. ♂.
Atopognathus collaris Cushman, 1919. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 21: 117. ♂, ♀.

Tribe TRYPHONINI

Nearly all members of this tribe are parasites of sawflies; Grypocentrus basalis Ruthe, a Eu-
ropean species, has been reared from an eriocraniid microlepidopteran. Most of the genera are
Holarctic.

Revision: Townes and Townes, 1949-1950 (1949). Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 42 (3 and 4): 321-396,
397-447 {Grypocentrus and Boethus excluded). — Kasparyan, 1973. Akad. Nauk, SSSR,
Zool. Inst., Fauna SSSR, (n. s.) 106, Hym. v. 3, pt. 1, 320 pp.

Genus GRYPOCENTRUS Ruthe

Grypocentrus Ruthe, 1855. Stettin. Ent. Ztg. 16: 52.

Type-species: Grypocentrus incisulus Ruthe. Desig. by Vierick, 1912.
Apimeles Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 205.

Type-species: Apimeles lusorius Davis. By subsequent monotypy from inclusion by
Davis, 1898 (1897).
Cyrtocentrus Provancher, 1883. Nat. Canad. 14: 6.

Type-species: Cyrtocentrus quebecensis Provancher. Monotypic.

Some members of this genus are known to parasitize larvae of Fenusa spp., but one European
species, G. basalis Ruthe, has been reared from an eriocraniid microlepidopteran.

Revision: Townes and Townes, 1951. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 53: 301-307.

Grypocentrus albipes Ruthe
Europe. Introduced in insular Newfoundland in 1973, but no recoveries have
been reported. Host: Fejiusa p^isilla (Lep.). The host listed was the target species for
the release in Newfoundland.
Grypocentrus albipes Ruthe, 1855. Stettin. Ent. Ztg. 16: 56. ♂, ♀.

Grypocentrus barbatus Townes
Alta., Calif.

Grypoceyitnis barbatus Townes, 1951. In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 53:
304. ♂, ♀.

Grypocentrus crassidens Townes
Idaho, Colo.

Grypocentrus crassidens Townes, 1951. In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 53:

304. ♂, ♀.

Grypocentrus flavipes (Provancher)
Que. s. to N. C, w. to Wash., Calif.

Mesostenus flavipes Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13: 363. ♂.
Cyrtocentrus Quebecensis Provancher, 1883. Nat. Canad. 14: 6. ♂.
Apimeles lusorius Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 283.9.

Grypocentrus spatulatus Townes
Calif.

Grypocentrus spatulatus Townes, 1951. In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 53:

305. ♂, ♀.

Grypocentrus truncatus Townes
N. Y.

Grypocentrus truncatus Townes, 1951. In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 53:
305. ♂, ♀.

Genus POLYBLASTUS Hartig

Revision: Kasparyan, 1970. Ent. Obozr. 49: 852-868; 519-528 in Ent. Rev. (Palearctic spp.).




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Genus POLYBLASTUS Subgenus POLYBLASTUS Hartig

Polyblastus Hartig, 1837. Arch. f. Naturgesch. 3: 155.

Type-species: Tryphon varitarsus Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1912.

Polyblastus atrox Townes
Que.

Polyblastus (Polyblastus) atrox Townes, 1949. In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc. Amer.,
Ann. 42:335. ♂.

Polyblastus carbonarius (Gravenhorst)
N. H., Alta.; Europe.

Tryphon carbonarius Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea 2: 141. ♂.

Polyblastus fulvilinealis Hall
Que. s. to N. C.

Polyblastus fulvilinealis Hall, 1919. Psyche 26: 155. ♂, ♀.

Polyblastus palaemon Schiodte
Man., Alta.; Europe.

Polyblastus palaemon Schiodte, 1839 (1838). Rev. Zool. Soc. Cuv. 1: 140. ♀.
Polyblastus pyramidatus Holmgren, 1857 (1855). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 1:
219. ♀.

Polyblastus pedalis (Cresson)
N. S. s. to N. C, w. to N. W. T., B. C, Calif.; U. S. S. R. Host: Cladius
difformis (Panzer), Croesus latitarstis Nort., Apareophora dyari (Benson).
Tryphon pedalis Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 273. ♂.
Bassus Bouleti Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 32.9.

Polyblastus tibialis (Cresson)
Que. s. to N. C, w. to N. W. T., B. C, CaUf.

Tryphon tibialis Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 280. "♂"=♀.
Tryphon annulipes Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 108. ♀.
Prinopoda (!) media Hall, 1919. Psyche 26: 158. ♀.

Polyblastus varitarsus (Gravenhorst)
Que. s. to Mass., w. to Alaska, Calif.; Eurasia. Host: Dolerus sp. The
name "strobilator (Thunberg)" has been incorrectly used for this species; Ichneumon

Polyblastus strobilator
***authority mismatch
Thunberg is an emendation and misidentification of Ichneumon strobilellae
Linnaeus.
Tryphon varitarsus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea 2: 222. ♂, ♀.
Polyblastus subtilis Thomson, 1883. Opusc. Ent. 9: 900. ♀.
Polyblastiis variitarsus Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 320. Emend.
Erromenus annulipes Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 212. ♀.
wahlbergi rubescens Townes. N. S. w. to Alaska, w. to Pa., Ala., Sask., Alta. P. (P.) wahlbergi
wahlbergi Holmgren is Eurasian.
Polyblastus (Polyblastus) wahlbergi rubescens Townes, 1949. In Townes and Townes, Ent.
Soc. Amer., Ann. 42: 336. ♂, ♀.

Genus POLYBLASTUS Subgenus COPHENCHUS Townes

Polyblastus subg. Cophenchus Townes, 1949. In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc. Amer.,
Ann. 42: 338.

Type-species: Polyblastus (Cophenchus) flexus Townes. Orig. desig.

Polyblastus botrys Townes
Que., N. H., Mass., Mich., Man.

Polyblastus (Cophenchus) botrys Townes, 1949. In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc. Amer.,
Ann. 42:339. cJ, 9.

Polyblastus flexus Townes
Que., Alta., Utah, B. C.

Polyblastus (Cophenchus) flexus Townes, 1949. In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc. Amer.,
Ann. 42: 339. ♀.

Genus POLYBLASTUS Subgenus LABROCTONUS Foerster

Labroctonus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 195.

Type-species: Tryphon articulatus Cresson. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Davis, 1897.
Nemioblastus Thomson, 1883. Opusc. Ent. 9: 901.

Type-species: Polyblastus albicoxa Thomson. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.

Polyblastus alatus Townes
N. Y., Pa., Md., D. C, Va.

Polyblastus (Labroctonus) alatus Townes, 1949. In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc. Amer.,
Ann. 42:345. ♂, ♀.




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Polyblastus articulatus (Cresson)
Man., Alta.

Tryplion articulatus Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 110. ♀.

Polyblastus bimacula Townes
Maine s. to N. C, w. to B. C, Wash.

Polyblastus (Labroctonus) bimacula Townes, 1949. In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc.
Amer., Ann. 42: 343, 396. ♂, ♀.

Polyblastus buccatus Townes
Wash., Calif.

Polyblastus {Labroctonus) buccatus Townes, 1949. In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc.
Amer., Ann. 42: 349. ♂, ♀.

Polyblastus expletus Townes
Newfoundland (Labrador), Que., Maine, Vt., N. Y., Colo. Host: Nematus
limbatus Cr.
Polyblastus {Labroctonus) expletus Townes, 1949. In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc.
Amer., Ann. 42: 349. ♂, ♀.

Polyblastus galaphilus Townes
Que. s. to N. Y., w. to Wash., Oreg.

Polyblastus (Labroctonus) galaphilus Townes, 1949. In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc.
Amer., Ann. 42: 347. ♂, ♀.

Polyblastus gloriosus (Davis)
Que., Wash., Oreg., Calif.

Phaestus gloriosus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 292. ♀.

Polyblastus jugatus Townes
N. H.

Polyblastus (Labroctonus) jugatus Townes, 1949. In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc. Amer.,
Ann. 42: 342. ♂.

Polyblastus peckae Townes
N. H.

Polyblastus (Labroctonus) peckae Townes, 1949. In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc. Amer.,
Ann. 42:348. ♀.

Polyblastus productus Townes
Wash.

Polyblastus (Labroctomis) productus Townes, 1949. In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc.
Amer., Ann. 42: 345. ♂, ♀.

Polyblastus provancheri Kasparyan
N. S. s. to Conn., w. to B. C, Calif. Host: Pontania sp., Pristiphora
sycophanta Walsh.
Tryphon dorsalis Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11: 253. ♀. Preocc. by Gravenhorst, 1829.
Polyblastus (Labroctonus) provancheri Kasparyan, 1970. Ent. Obozr. 49: 853. N. name for
dorsalis Provancher.
rutilus Townes. Calif.

Polyblastus (Labroctonus) rutilus Townes, 1949. In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc. Amer.,
Ann. 42:344. ♂, ♀.

Polyblastus stenocentrus Holmgren
Colo., Alaska; Eurasia.

Polyblastus stenocentrus Holmgren, 1957 (1855). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 1:
215. ♂, ♀.

Genus CTENOCHIRA Foerster

Ctenochira Foerster, 1855. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 12: 226.

Type-species: Ctenochira bisinuata Foerster. Monotypic.
Ctenacme Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 196.

Type-species: Polyblastus scutellaris Thomson. Desig. by Morley, 1913 (as
scutellatus Thomson [1888], which replaced the preoccupied scutellaris Thomson
[1883] from four species species included by Thomson, 1883.
Scopiorus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Reinlande, Verh. 25: 196.

Type-species: Polyblastus marginatus Holmgren. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from four
species included by Thomson, 1883.
Gemophaga Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 211.

Type-species: Gemophaga rufa Ashmead. By subsequent monotypy from inclusion
by Ashmead, 1902.
Ctenacmus Thomson, 1883. Opusc. Ent. 9: 901. Emend.
Ctenacma Schulz, 1906. Spolia Hym., p. 99. Emend, of Ctenacme.
Pauroctenus Cameron, 1909. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, Jour. 19: 726.

Type-species: Pauroctenus pallipes Cameron. Monotypic.
Exochoblastus Schmiedeknecht, 1912. Opusc Ichn., v. 5, p. 2401, 2468.




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Type-species: Exoclioblastus oreophilus Schmiedeknecht. Monotypic.
Scopimenus Roman, 1937. Ent. Monthly Mag. 74: 64.

Type-species: Scopimenus pygobarbus Roman. Monotypic.
Coeloprosopon Bauer, 1958. Beitr. z. Ent. 8: 181.

Type-species: Coeloprosopon pectinatiim Bauer. Monotypic.

Ctenochira adeps Townes
N. Y.

Ctenochira adeps Townes, 1949. In Townes and Townes, Ent. See. Amer., Ann. 42: 356. ♀.

Ctenochira analis (Cresson)
Maine s. to N. C, w. to Oreg.

Tryphon analis Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 279. ♂.
Tryphon occidentalis Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 109. ♀.

Ctenochira debilis Townes
Colo., Alta., Mont., Wash.

Ctenochira debilis Townes, 1949. In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 42: 354. ♂, ♀.

Ctenochira deplanata Townes
Mich., Colo.

Ctenochira deplanata Townes, 1949. In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 42: 372. ♂, ♀.

Ctenochira dilatata (Provancher)
Que. See discussion of Ctenochira niveicola (Ashmead).
Catocentms dilatatus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 316. "♂"=♀.

Taxonomy: Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 461-462.

Ctenochira extricata (Davis)
Colo., Alta., Wash., Oreg.

Scopiorus extricatus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 259. ♀.

femigata Townes. Wash.

Ctenochira femigata Townes, 1949. In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 42: 370. ♀.

Ctenochira frigida (Cresson)
Mich., Man., N. W. T., s. to Colo., w. to Alaska, Oreg. Host: Nematus
oligospilus Foerster.
Bassus friffidus Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 111. ♀.

Ctenochira gagates Townes
Sask. w. to S. Dak., Colo., w. to Alaska, Wash.

Ctenochira gagates Townes, 1949. In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 42: 359. ♂, ♀.

Ctenochira gillettei (Davis)
Que. s. to Pa., w. to Colo., Alta., Oreg.

Scopionis gillettei Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 258. ♀.
Scopiorus expansa Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 258. ♂.
Polyblastus scopioroides Hall, 1919. Psyche 26: 156. ♀.

Ctenochira infans Townes
Man., Colo., Alaska.

Ctenochira infans Townes, 1949. In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc Amer., Ann. 42: 366. ♂, ♀.

Ctenochira inflata Townes
N. Y.

Ctenochira injiata Townes, 1949. In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 42: 363. ♀.

Ctenochira melina Townes
Que., Sask.

Polyblastus annuliconiis Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 108. "♀"=♂.Preocc by Giraud, 1871.

Ctenochira melina Townes, 1949. In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 42: 358.
N. name for annulicomis Provancher.

Ctenochira niveicola (Ashmead)
revised status. Que. w. to s.e. Alaska, s. to D. C, w. N. C, s. Alta., and n.
Calif. In their tribal revision, Townes and Townes (1949) treated niveicola as a
subspecies of dilitata (Provancher) (which see). However, Dr. H. K. Townes said
(personal commun., 1976) that Townes and Townes (1949) based their treatment on the
"lectotype" selected by Gahan and Rohwer (1918). Barron (1975) rejected the Gahan and
Rohwer "lectotype" in favor of the specimen which he regarded as the holotype.
According to Barron, the latter specimen does not agree with dilitata dilitata
(Provancher) sensu Townes and Townes (1949). Therefore, niveicola is here raised to
species status; its distribution is a composite of the distributions of the two subspecies
of dilitata sensu Townes and Townes (1949).

Scorpiorusd) alaskensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc 4: 214. ♀.




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Scorpiorus([) niveicola Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 214. ♂, ♀.
Scopiorus phgosus Hall, 1919. Psyche 26: 159. ♀.

Taxonomy: Gahan and Rohwer, 1918. Canad. Ent. 50: 168. —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102:
461-462.

Ctenochira pectoralis Townes
Que., Ont., N. C.

Ctenochira pectoralis Townes, 1949. hi Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 42: 364.
d, 9.

Ctenochira picta Townes
N. Y., N. C, B. C, Wash.

Ctenochira picta Townes, 1949. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 42: 370. ♀.

Ctenochira pikonematis Townes
Newfoundland (insular), Que., Mich., Oreg. Host: Piko7iema alaskensis
(Roh.), P. dim7nockii (Cr.).
Ctenochira pikonematis Townes, 1949. hi Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 42:
365. ♂, ♀.

Ctenochira potens Townes
Alaska, B. C.

Ctenochira potens Townes, 1949. In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 42: 364. ♀.

Ctenochira quebecensis (Provancher)
Que., Mass., Ont., Kans., Colo. Host: Nematus li^nbatiis Cr., N.
ventralis Say.
Euceros quebecensis Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 30. ♀.
Tryphonjlavifrons Fyles, 1893. Canad. Ent. 25: 107. ♀.
Scopionts monticola Brues, 1907. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 5: 56. ♀.

Ctenochira rubicunda Townes
N. B.

Ctenochira rubicunda Townes, 1949. hi Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 42:
369. ♀.

Ctenochira rufa (Ashmead)
N. H. s. to Pa., w. to Colo., Alaska, Wash.

Trophoctonus insularis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 215. ♂.
Gemophaga rufa Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 223. ♂.

Ctenochira subcrassa (Cresson)
Mass., N. Y., N. J., Alta., B. C, Oreg.

Tryphon subcrassus Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 109. ♂, ♀.

Ctenochira tetrica Townes
Colo.

Ctenochira tetrica Townes, 1949. hi Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 42: 355. ♀.

Genus ERROMENUS Holmgren

Erromenns Holmgren, 1857 (1855). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 1: 221.
Type-species: Tryphon brunnicans Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1912.
Aniarophron Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 162.

Type-species: Aniarophron niger Szepligeti. Desig. by Perkins, 1962 from three
species included by Szepligeti, 1901.
Trichocalymma Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 196.

Type-species: Trichocalymma bipimctatum Woldstedt. Desig. by Viereck, 1914
from three species included by Woldstedt, 1877.
Trichocalymmus Thomson, 1883. Opusc Ent. 9: 903. Emend.
Currania Viereck, 1924. Canad. Ent. 56: 300.

Type-species: Currania mirabilis Viereck. Monotypic and orig desig.

Erromenus analis Brischke
Que., N. Y., Ont., S. Dak., Colo., Alaska, B. C, Wash.; Europe.

Erromenus analis Brischke, 1871. Phys.-Oekon. Gesell. Koenigsberg, Schr. 11: 95. ♂.
Currania mirabilis Viereck, 1924. Canad. Ent. 56: 301. ♀.

Erromenus brevipes Townes
Wash.

Erromenus (Erromenus) brevipes Townes, 1949. In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc. Amer.,
Ann. 42:377. cJ, 9.

Erromenus caelator Townes
N. Y., Ont.

Erromenus (Erromenus) caelator Townes, 1949. In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc. Amer.,
Ann. 42:388. ♀.

Erromenus defrictus Townes
Md.

Erromenus (Erromenus) defrictus Townes, 1949. In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc. Amer.,
Ann. 42:383. ♀.




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Erromenus dimidiatus (Cresson)
N. S. w. to Alaska, s. to N. J., Kans., Calif. Ecology: Occurs in grassy
areas. This is the most commonly collected Nearctic species of Erromenus.
Tryphon dimidiatus Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 108. ♂.
Tryphon atricoxus Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 104. 9 ?
Scopiorus hiaUis Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 258. ♂, ♀.

Erromenus dolichops Townes
Que. s. to Md., w. to Alaska, Ariz.

Erromenus (Erromenus) dolichops Townes, 1949. In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc.
Amer., Ann. 42: 391. ♀, ♂.

(^labrosus Davis. Man., Wyo., Colo., Oreg., Calif.

Erromenus glabrosus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 260. ♂.

Erromenus labratus Townes
Calif.

Erromenus (Erromenus) labratus Townes, 1949. In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc. Amer.,
Ann. 42:390. ♀.

Erromenus levis Townes
N. Y.

Erroynenus (Erromenus) levis Townes, 1949. In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc. Amer.,
Ann. 42:378. ♂, ♀.

Erromenus marginatus Provancher
Que. s. to Pa., w. to B. C. and Wash. Host: Pristiphora bivittata
(Nort.).
Erronemus (!) marginatus Provancher, 1883. Nat. Canad. 14: 10. ♀.
nasalis Townes. Que., N. H., R. I., N. Y., Ohio, Colo., Wash.

Erromenus (Erromenus) nasalis Townes, 1949. In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc. Amer.,
Ann. 42:389. ♂, ♀.

Erromenus planus Townes
N. Y., Sask., Alta., Calif.

Erromenus (Erromenus) planus Townes, 1949. In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc. Amer.,
Ann. 42:387. cj, 9.

Erromenus proteus Townes
Minn., Sask., Alta., Wash., Calif.

Erromenus (Erromenus) proteus Townes, 1949. In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc. Amer.,
Ann. 42:384. ♂, ♀.

Erromenus punctulatus Holmgren
Que. s. to N. Y., w. to N. Mex., Alaska, and Greg.; Eurasia.

Erromenus punctulatus Holmgren, 1857 (1855). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 1:

222. ♂.
Tryphon crassus Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 107. ♂, ♀.
Tryphon tejonicus Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 372. ♂.
Polyblastus leviculus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 263. ♂.
Aniarophron niger Szepligeti, 1901. In Mocsary and Szepligeti, Zool. Erg. drit. asiat.
Forschungsreise Grafen E. Zichy, v. 2 (Hym.), p. 141. "♂"=♀.

Erromenus scorteus Townes
Colo., Wash.

Erromenus (Erromenus) scorteus Townes, 1949. In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc. Amer.,
Ann. 42:379. ♂, ♀.

Erromenus tonto Townes
Ariz.

Erromenus (Erromenus) tonto Townes, 1949. In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc Amer.,
Ann. 42:390. ♂, ♀.

Erromenus ungulatus Townes
N. Y., N. C, Ont., Wash.

Erromenus (Erromenus) ungulatus Townes, 1949. In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc.
Amer., Ann. 42: 386. ♂, ♀.

Erromenus variolae Townes
N. Y., N. J., Va., Kans.

Erromeyius (Erromenus) variolae Townes, 1949. In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc. Amer.,
Ann. 42: 393. ♂, ♀.

Genus ADERAEON Townes

Erromenus subg. Aderaeon Townes, 1949. In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann.
42: 394.

Type-species: Erromenus bedardi Provancher. Monotypic and orig. desig.

Taxonomy: Kasparyan, 1971. Zool. Zhur. 50: 1586-1589 (Russ., Eng. summ.).




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Aderaeon bedardi (Provancher)
N. S., N. B., Que., Ont., B. C. Host: Pikonema alaskensis (Roh.), P.
dimmockii (Cr.).
Erroneimisd) Bedardi Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11: 266. ♀.

Genus MONOBLASTUS Hartig

Mo7ioblastus Hartig, 1837. Arch. f. Naturgesch. 3: 155.

Type-species: Monoblastus caudatus Hartig. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Otoblastus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 201.

Type-species: Tryphon luteomarginatus Gravenborst. By subsequent monotypy
from inclusion by Thomson, 1883.
Coeloconus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 203.

Type-species: Ichnetimon brachyacanthus Gmelin. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Morley, 1911.
Catocentrus Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 89.

Type-species: Tryphon philanthoides Cresson. Monotypic.
Cerda Cameron, 1904. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 30: 255.

Type-species: Cerda Juscipennis Cameron. Monotypic.
Idothrichus Schmiedeknecht, 1907. Hym. Mitteleuropas, p. 619.

Type-species: Phaestus sericeus Brischke. Monotypic.
Pseudopsilage Gregor, 1929. Tsechech. Realgym. Neu Titschein in Maehren, Jahresber.
1928-1929: 6.

Type-species: Pseudopsilage romani Gregor. Monotypic.

Monoblastus atroferia Townes
N. Y., Pa., N. C, Mich.

Monoblastus atroferia Townes, 1950 (1949). In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann.
42:413. ♂, ♀.

Monoblastus davisi (Townes)
N. Y., Ont., Mich., Ill, Iowa.

Tryphon nigrum Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 281. ♂. Preocc. by

Gravenborst, 1829.
Tryphon davisi Townes, 1944. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 155. N. name for nigrum Davis.

Monoblastus dionnei (Provancher)
N. S., s. to Pa., w. to Minn.

Tryphon Dionnei Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11: 256. ♀.

Monoblastus eurus Townes
Md.

Monoblastus eurus Townes, 1950 (1949). In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc Amer., Ann. 42:
410. ♂.

Monoblastus favonius Townes
Calif.

Monoblastus favonixis Townes, 1950 (1949). In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc Amer., Ann.
42:409. ♂, ♀.

Monoblastus feria
***authority mismatch
feria (Davis). Que. s. to Fla., w. to Man. and Colo.

Otlophonis innumerabilis \&r. feria Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 276. ♂, ♀.
EpachtesV.) basilicus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 283. ♂, ♀.

Monoblastus feria
***authority mismatch
rossi Townes. Colo., B. C, Oreg., Calif.

Monoblastus feria rossi Townes, 1950 (1949). In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc. Amer.,
Ann. 42:412. ♂, ♀.

Monoblastus fuscipennis (Cameron)
Tex.; Mexico.

Cerda fuscipennis Cameron, 1904. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 30: 255. ♂.
Monoblastus phaeopteris Townes, 1950 (1949). In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc. Amer.,
Ann. 42:415. ♂.

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1966. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: 46 (syn.).

Monoblastus innumerabilis (Davis)
Nev., Wash., Oreg., Calif.

Otlophonis innumerabilis Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 278. cJ, 9.

Monoblastus kaniacensis (Hall)
Minn., Man., Mont., Wyo., Colo., Idaho, Utah, Ariz., Wash., Oreg. Ecology:
On two separate occasions this species has been collected on Symphoricarpos bushes; m
one instance the bushes were infested with sawfly larvae thought to be of the genus
Blennocampa. Because Blennocampa is not known in N. Amer., it may have been a
related genus in Blennocampinae.
Polyblastus kaniacensis Hall, 1919. Psyche 26: 156. ♀.




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Monoblastus macer Townes
N. Y., N. J., Pa., Md., Va., Ohio.

Monoblastus macer Townes, 1950 (1949). hi Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann.
42:405. ♂, ♀.

Monoblastus montezuma (Cameron)
Que. s. to N. C, w. to B. C. and Calif.; Mexico.

Tryphon montezuma Cameron, 1886. Biol. Cent.- Amer., Hym., v. 1, p. 286. ♂.

Otlophonis affinis Ashmead, 1901. Psyche 9: 148. ♂.

Monoblastus philanthoides (Cresson)
N. H., N. Y., 111.

Tryphon philanthoides Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 110. ♀.

Monoblastus proximus Townes
Idaho, Wash., Oreg., Calif.

Monoblastus proximus Townes, 1950 (1949). In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc. Amer.,
Ann. 42:403. <5, 9.

Genus THIBETOIDES Davis

Thibetoides Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 205.

Type-species: Thibetoides flosamoris Davis. Monotypic

Revision: Viktorov, 1964. Ent. Obozr. 43: 182-184; 91-92 in Ent. Rev. (Palearctic spp).

Thibetoides flosamoris Davis
Wash., Oreg., Calif.

Thibetoides flosamoris Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 205. ♂.

Genus LAGOLEPTUS Townes

Lagoleptus Townes, 1969. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 11: 173.

Type-species: Lagoleptus palans Townes. Orig. desig.

Lagoleptus palans Townes
N. Y., Pa., N. C, S. C.

Lagoleptus palans Townes, 1969. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 11: 174.

Genus BOETHUS Focrster

Boethus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 210.

Type-species: Boethus howardi Davis. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from three species
included by Davis, 1898 (1897).
Diplomorpkus Giraud, 1872. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. 1: 409.

Type-species: Diplomorphus thoracicus Giraud. Monotypic.
Aethalodes Kriechbaumer, 1890. Schweiz. Ent. Gesell., Mitt. 8: 207. Preocc. by Gahan, 1888.

Type-species: Aethalodes mesomelas Kriechbaumer. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.

Members of this genus parasitize the larvae of Argidae.

alain^ens Davis. Calif.

Boethus alaingens Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 291. ♀.

Boethus glabranotus Davis
Mont.

Boethus glabranotus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 291. ♀.

Boethus nigripennis Cushman
N. Y., Ky., Ala. Host: Arge pectoralis (Leach).

Boethus nigripennis Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 60 (21): 12. ♂, ♀.

Boethus schizoceri (Riley and Howard)
N. J. s. to Fla., w. to Minn, and La. Host: Sphacophilus
celhilaris (Say).

Eubadizon schizoceri RUey and Howard, 1888. U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 1: 44. 9 ?

Eubadizon schizoceratis Riley and Howard, 1889. U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 1: XXXI
(errata). Emend.

Boethus howardi Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 290. ♂, ♀.

Boethus aenigmaticus Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 314. ♂.

Boethus daeckei Viereck, 1909. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 11: 210. ♂.

Genus DYSPETES Foerster

Dyspetes Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 201.

Type-species: Tryphon praerogator Gravenhorst. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Thomson, 1883. Tryphon praerogator Gravenhorst is a




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misidentification of Ichneumon praerogator Linnaeus, the available names for
which are Dyspetes arrogator Heinrich (1949) and Dyspetes fracticeps Townes
(1950 [1949]).
Dyspetus Thomson, 1883. Opusc. Ent. 9: 899. Emend.

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1950 (1949). Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 42: 422. —Perkins, 1962.
Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 11 (8): 419. —Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965. Amer.
Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 105.

Dyspetes rufus (Provancher)
Que.

Exetastes rufus Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 78. ♂, ♀.

Genus COSMOCONUS Foerster

Cosmoconus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 203.

Type-species: Ichneumon elongator Fabricius. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Woldstedt, 1877.

Revision: Kasparyan, 1971. Vses. Ent. Obsh., Trudy 54: 286-307 (Palearctic spp.).

Cosmoconus arcticus (Brues)
Alaska, Wash., Oreg., Calif.

Polyblastus arcticus Brues, 1919. Rpt. Canad. Arctic Exped. 1913-18, v. 3G, p. 22. ♀.

Cosmoconus canadensis (Provancher)
N. S. s. to N. C, w. to Sask. and Colo.

Tryphon Canadensis Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 117. ♂, ♀.

Cosmoconus vallis Townes
n. status. Que., Md., 111., Iowa, Tex.

Cosmoco7ius canadensis vallis Townes, 1950 (1949). In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc.
Amer., Ann. 42: 425. ♂, ♀.

Genus TRYPHON Fallen

There are five subgenera, three being strictly Palearctic (including Tryphon), one being
Holarctic (Symboethus), and one being strictly Nearctic (Noemon). Species of this genus are
chiefly parasitic upon sawflies of the subfamily Dolerinae.

Revision: Kasparyan, 1969. Ent. Obozr. 48: 639-662 and 899-918; 407-419 and 572-584 in Ent.
Rev. (Palearctic spp.).

Genus TRYPHON Subgenus NOEMON Foerster

Noemon Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 207.

Type-species: Noemon palmaris Davis. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from three species
included by Davis, 1898 (1897).

Tryphon californicus Cresson
Calif.

Tryphon californicus Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. PhUa., Proc. 30: 373. ♂, ♀.

Tryphon coquilletti Townes
Calif.

Tryphon (Noemon) coquilletti Townes, 1950 (1949). In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc.
Amer., Ann. 42: 432. ♂, ♀.

Tryphon hamatus Townes
Calif.

Tryphon (Noemon) hamatus Townes, 1950 (1949). In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc.
Amer., Ann. 42: 432. ♂, ♀.

Tryphon lusorius Cresson
Calif.

Tryphon lusorius Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. PhCa., Proc. 30: 373. ♂.

Tryphon machaerus Townes
Calif.

Tryphon (Noemon) machaerus Townes, 1950 (1949). In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc.
Amer., Ann. 42: 431. ♂, ♀.

Tryphon palmaris (Davis)
Southern Calif.

Noemon palmaris Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 287. ♂, ♀.

Genus TRYPHON Subgenus TRYPHON Fallen

Tryphon Fallen, 1813. Spec. Nov. Hym. Disp. Meth., p. 16.

Type-species: Ichneximon rutilator Linnaeus. Desig. by Curtis, 1832.
Psilosage Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 203.




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Type-species: Tryphon ephippmm Holmgren. By subsequent monotypy from

inclusion by Morley, 1911.
Otitochilus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 203.

Type-species: Tryphon trochanteratus Holmgren. By subsequent monotypy from

inclusion by Woldstedt, 1877 (1876).

This subgenus is Palearctic.

Genus TRYPHON Subgenus SYMBOETHUS Foerster

Symboethus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 204.

Type-species: Tryphon exclamationis Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from
two species included by Morley, 1911.
Quadrigana Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. See, Trans. 24: 280.

Type-species: Tryphon americanus Cresson. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Davis, 1898 (1897), p. 281.

Tryphon alaskensis Ashmead
Sask., Alta., Alaska, Wash.

Polyblastus glacialis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 213. ♀.
Tryphon alaskensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 215. ♀.

Tryphon americanus Cresson
Que. s. to Pa., w. to Minn, and Kans.

Tryphon americanus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 276. ♂.
Tryphon affinis Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 277. ♀.

Tryphon communis Cresson
N. S. s. to Pa., w. to Alaska, Alta., and N. Mex. Two or more species may
be confused under this name.
Tryphon communis Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 103 3,9.
Tryphon clypeatus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 309, 311. 6. The alternate spelling

"clypealis" appeared on p. 309.
Tryphon pedic2ilahis Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 102. ♂.
Tryphon communis var. atripes Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 282. ♂, ♀.
Grypocentnis nifiterminalis Hall, 1919. Psyche 26: 157. ♀.

Tryphon foraminatus Townes
N. status. S. D. s. to Colo., w. to B. C. and Calif. The egg of this species
is more elongate than that of communis.
Tryphon (Symboethus) communis foraminahis Townes, 1950 (1949). In Townes and
Townes, Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 42: 442. ♂, ♀.

Tryphon illotus Townes
Wash.

Tryphon (Symboethus) illotus Townes, 1950 (1949). In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc
Amer., Ann. 42: 443. ♂.

Tryphon mystax Townes
N. B. w. to Alaska, s. to N. H., Colo., and Wash.

Tryphon (Symboethus) mystax Townes, 1950 (1949). In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc.
Amer., Ann. 42: 437. ♂, ♀.

Tryphon rempeli Townes
Sask., Wash., Oreg.

Tryphon (Symboethus) rempeli Townes, 1950 (1949). In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc.
Amer., Ann. 42: 435. ♂, ♀.

Tryphon seminiger Cresson
N. S. w. to Alaska, s. to Md., III., N. Mex., and CaUf.
Tryphon seminiger Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 278. ♀.
Metopius terminalis Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 438. ♂.

Tryphon townesi Walkley
Que., Maine, N. H., Vt., Mich., Colo.

Tryphon (Symboethus) humeralis Townes, 1950 (1949). In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc.

Amer., Ann. 42: 438. cJ, 9. Preocc. by Gravenhorst, 1829.
Tryphon (Symboethus) townesi Walkley, 1958. In Krombein, et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr.
Monog. 2, Sup. 1, p. 41. N. name for humeralis Townes.

Tryphon viator Townes
Que. w. to Alta., s. to Pa., Mo., and Colo.

Tryphon (Symboethus) viator Townes, 1950 (1949). In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc.
Amer., Ann. 42: 443. cJ, 9.




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Tribe EXENTERINI

The name Cteniscini Woldstedt (1877) is often used for this tribe, but Exenterini Foerster
(1868) seems to be favored as much by recent authors; because the latter name has the addi-
tional advantage of being oldest, it is used here.

Revision: Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 227-240. — Kerrich, 1952. Brit. Mus. (Nat.
Hist.) Ent., Bui. 2: 307-459. (Old World spp.).

Genus ORTHOMISCUS Mason

Orthomiscus Mason, 1955. Canad. Jour. Zool. 33: 63.

Type-species: Orthomiscus platyura Mason. Orig. desig.

Taxonomy: Mason, 1962. Canad. Ent. 94: 1273-1274.

Orthomiscus leptura Mason
Que., N. H., Vt., Ont., Calif.

Orthomiscus leptura Mason, 1955. Canad. Jour. Zool. 33: 64. ♂, ♀.

Orthomiscus platyura Mason
Que. w. to Mich., s. to Md. and Alta.

Orthomiscus platyura Mason, 1955. Canad. Jour. Zool. 33: 66. ♂, ♀.

Genus EXCAVARUS Davis

Excavanis Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 233.

Type-species: Cteniscus annulipes Cresson. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.

Taxonomy: Mason, 1962. Canad. Ent. 94: 1293-1296.

Excavarus annulipes (Cresson)
N. B. w. to Minn., s. to S. C. and 111. Host: Croesus latitarsus Nort.

Cteniscus annulipes Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 112. "

Excavarus etrocaulus
***authority mismatch
etrocaulus Mason. Alta., Colo., B. C, Oreg.

Smicroplectnis etrocaulus etrocaulus Mason, 1956. Canad. Jour. Zool. 34: 149. ♂, ♀.

Excavarus etrocaulus
***authority mismatch
eurus Mason. N. B., Que., Mass., Mich., Minn.

Smicroplectnis etrocaulus eiinis Mason, 1956. Canad. Jour. Zool. 34: 150. ♀.

Excavarus velox (Walley)
Que., Maine, Ont., Sask., N. Mex., Alta., B. C. Host: Pikonema alaskensis
(Roh.), P. dimmockii (Cr.).

Smicroplectnis velox Walley, 1937. Canad. Ent. 69: 132. ♀.

Genus EXYSTON Schiodte

Exyston Schiodte, 1839. Mag. Zool., sect. 3, (ser. 2) 1 (pi. 6-9): 12.

Type-species: Ichneumon cinctulus Gravenhorst. Monotypic
Tricamptus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 194.

Type-species: Exentenis pratonim Woldstedt. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Woldstedt, 1877.
Diabonis Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 195.

Type-species: Cteniscus {Diabonis) sedulus Woldstedt. Desig. by Viereck, 1912
from two species included by Woldstedt, 1877. The type-species is regarded as a
synonym of Exyston pratonim (Woldstedt).
Anecphysis Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 195.

Type-species: Ariecphysis curvineura Davis. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Davis, 1897.
Parexyston Kerrich, 1952. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 2: 392.

Type-species: Exyston calcaratus Thomson. Monotypic and orig. desig.

According to Mason (1959) most of the species are found in grassy places. He presumed that
they are mainly parasitic upon "sod-feeding" Dolerinae, but the only North American species so
far reared (mactilosum [Provancher]) parasitizes Pristiphora spp. (Nematinae) on Salix and
Vaccinium.

Revision: Mason, 1959. Canad. Jour. Zool. 37: 1067-1115.

atnim Mason. B. C, Wash., Oreg.

Exyston (Anecphysis) ater Mason, 1959. Canad. Jour. Zool. 37: 1095. ♂, ♀.




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Exyston austelli Mason
Mass. s. to N. C.

Exyston {Anecphysis) austelli Mason, 1959. Canad. Jour. Zool. 37: 1078. ♂, ♀.

Exyston boreotis Davis
N. Y., Mich., Sask., Wyo., Colo., N. Mex., Alta.

Exyston boreotis Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 238. ♂.
Exyston nigro scutum Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 237. ♂.
Exyston contracta Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 238. 6. Uncertain syn.; Mason
(1959) suggested that contracta might alternatively prove to be a senior synonym of
spinulosiim Mason.

Taxonomy: Mason, 1959. Canad. Jour. Zool. 37: 1082-1084, 1112-1113. — Townes, 1969. Amer.

Ent. Inst, Mem. 11: 186.

Exyston californicum Mason
Alta. s. to Colo., w. to Alaska and Calif.

Exyston (Anecphysis) califomicus Mason, 1959. Canad. Jour. Zool. 37: 1093. ♂, ♀.

Exyston chamaeleon Mason
Ont., N. W. T. w. to Yukon, s. to S. Dak., N. Mex. and Calif.

Exyston (Exyston) chamaeleon Mason, 1959. Canad. Jour. Zool. 37: 1099. ♂, ♀.

Exyston clavatum (Cresson)
N. S. w. to B. C, s. to Va., Ill, Kans., and Calif.

Cteniscus clavatus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 284. ♂.

Cteniscus abdominalis Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 264. ♀.

Exyston abdominalis Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 197. ♂. Preocc. by above
synonym, abdominalis Cresson, 1865.

Rhimphalea erythrogaster Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey
Bui. 22:296. ♀.

Exyston excelsum (Cresson)
Wyo., Colo.

Cteniscus excelsus Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. PhUa., Proc. 4: 262. ♀.

Exyston flavens Davis
Mass., N. J., Ga., Tex.

Exyston flavens Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 237. ♀.

Exyston hadrum Mason
Mich., Minn., Sask., Colo., Alta.

Exyston (Anecphysis) hadros Mason, 1959. Canad. Jour. Zool. 37: 1080. ♂, ♀.

Exyston humerale Davis
Newfoundland (insular) w. to Sask., s. to Minn., Kans., and Mont.

Exyston humeralis Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 239. ♂.

Exyston articulatus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 239. ♂.
Illinois Mason. Que., Ont, Mich., 111., Iowa.

Exystoyi (Exyston) illinois Mason, 1959. Canad. Jour. Zool. 37: 1103. cj, 9.

Exyston lophotum Mason
N. W. T., Sask., Alta., B. C, Wash., Calif.

Exyston (Anecphysis) lophotos Mason, 1959. Canad. Jour. Zool. 37: 1091. ♂, ♀.

Exyston maculosum (Provancher)
N. S. w. to B. C, s. to N. C, III, Ariz., and Calif. Host: Pristiphora
bivattata (Nort.), P. citicta Newman, P. sycophanta Walsh.

Mesoleptus maculosus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 114. "♀"=♂.

Exyston (Anecphysis) tectiis Mason, 1959. Canad. Jour. Zool. 37: 1073. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 502 (syn.).

Exyston marginatum (Provancher)
Northern Que. w. to Alaska, s. to N. C, Mich., Colo., and Calif.

Exystoyi marginatum Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 99. ♀.

Anecphysis curvineura Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 234. ♀.

Exyston nigreo Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 236. ♂.

Exyston politum Davis
Mont., Wyo., Calif.

Exyston politus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent Soc, Trans. 24: 240. ♀.

Exyston reniforme Mason
Colo., Alta., B. C, Oreg., Calif.

Exyston (Anecphysis) reniformis Mason, 1959. Canad. Jour. Zool. 37: 1089. ♂, ♀.

Exyston speciosum Davis
Alta. s. to Colo., w. to B. C. and Calif.

Exyston speciosus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 237. ♂.

Exyston spinulosum Mason
N. W. T. w. to Alaska, s. to Iowa, Kans., Wyo., and Wash.; Kamchatka.

Exyston (Anecphysis) spinulosus Mason, 1959. Canad. Jour. Zool. 37: 1086. ♂, ♀.

Exyston variatum Provancher
N. S. w. to B. C, s. to N. C, 111., and N. Dak. Ecology: Occurs at forest
edges and along woodland paths, but not in grasslands or meadows.

Exyston variatus Provancher, 1877. Nat Canad. 9: 15. ♀.




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Exyston variatus Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11: 249. ♀. Preocc. by Provancher, 1877.
Contrary to the discussion of Barron (1975), Provancher indicated this as being a
description of a new species. The variant spelling "vaiatus" also appears on p. 249.

Exystoti abdominalis var. rnfinus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 239. ♀.

Taxonomy: Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 581 (discussion of lectotype).

Exyston venustum (Cresson)
S. Dak., Sask., Colo., Utah, B. C, Wash.

Cteniscus venustus Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 263. ♀.

Genus SMICROPLECTRUS Thomson

Microplectron Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 195. Preocc. by Streubel,
1842 and Dahlbom, 1857.

Type-species: Exenterus erosus Holmgren. By subsequent monotypy from inclusion
by Woldstedt, 1877 (1876).
Smicroplectuis Thomson, 1883. Opusc. Ent. 9: 888.

Type-species: Exenienis jucuvdus Holmgren. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Anderis Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 233.

Type-species: Cteniscus albilineatus Walsh. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Auderis Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 348 (errata). Emend.

Revision: Mason, 1956. Canad. Jour. Zool. 34: 124-151 (including Excavanis).

Smicroplectrus apicatus (Provancher)
Que., Maine, N. Y., Ont., Colo., Alta., B. C. Host: Nematus currani
Ross.

Cte7iiscus apicatus Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11: 263. "♂"=♀.

Smicroplectrus californicus (Cresson)
Que. w. to B. C, s. to N. C, Minn., Ariz., and Calif.

CtenistesH) califoniiciis Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 374. ♂.

Smicroplectrus disseptus Walley, 1933. Canad. Ent. 65: 256. ♀.

Smicroplectrus eburneus Mason
Ont., Tex.

Smicroplectrus eburneus Mason, 1956. Canad. Jour. Zool. 34: 141. ♀.

Smicroplectrus incompletus Walley
N. S. w. to Alta., s. to Pa. and Ariz. Host: Pikonema sp.

Smicroplectrus incompletus Walley, 1937. Canad. Ent. 69: 134. ♀.
jucundus albilineatus (Walsh). Que. w. to Alaska, s. to Colo, and Calif. S. jucundus jucundus
(Holmgren) is Palearctic

Cteniscus albilineatus Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 107. "♂"=♀.

Smicroplectrus robustus Walley
Que. w. to Alta., s. to N. Y., Mich., and Nev. Ecology: Observed on Populus
ovipositing on Nematus sp. Host: Nematus sp.

Smicroplectrus robiistus Walley, 1937. Canad. Ent. 69: 135. ♀.

Smicroplectrus takomae Mason
N. W. T., Alaska, Wash.

Smicroplectrus takomae Mason, 1956. Canad. Jour. Zool. 34: 131. ♂, ♀.

Smicroplectrus walleyi Mason
Que., N. Y., Pa., Md., Va., Ont., Ohio, Ky., Nebr.

Smicroplectrus walleyi Mason, 1956. Canad. Jour. Zool. 34: 132. $, 9.

Genus ACROTOMUS Holmgren

Acrotomus Holmgren, 1857 (1855). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 1: 222.

Type-species: Tryphon lucidulus Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1912.
Delotomus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 194, 215. Unnecessary n.
name for Acrotomus Holmgren.

Taxonomy: Mason, 1962. Canad. Ent. 94: 1285-1287.

Acrotomus succinctus (Gravenhorst)
N. Y., Ont., Mich.; Europe. Adventive.

Tryphon succinctus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 166. ♂, ♀.

Genus CTENISCUS Haliday

Cteniscus Haliday, 1832. In Curtis, Brit. Ent., v. 9, no. 399.

Type-species: Tryphon sexilituratus Gravenhorst. Monotypic. The type-species is
regarded as a synonym of Cteniscus pedatorius (Panzer).
Eudiaborus Kerrich, 1952. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent, Bui. 2: 415.




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Type-species: Diaborus pallitarsis Thomson. Orig. desig. The type-species is
regarded as a synonym of Cteniscus scalaris (Gravenhorst).

The name Cteniscus has not traditionally applied to this genus, the change in application being
made by Townes, Townes, and Gupta (1965) in compliance with the fact that Tryplion sexilitu-
ratus Gravenhorst was the only species originally included; (see Townes, 1969); other names
mentioned in the original description (e.g. Cteniscus aurijhius) were then nomina nuda. Prior
to the description of Eudiaborns, the name Diaborus Foerster had been incorrectly applied to
this genus.

Revision: Mason, 1955. Canad. Jour. Zool. 33: 21-63 (as Eudiabonis).

Taxonomy: Kerrich, 1952. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 2: 314-316, 415-416. —Townes,
Townes, and Gupta, 1965. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 113. —Townes, 1969. Amer. Ent. Inst.,
Mem. 11: 188-190. -Kerrich, 1975. Polskie Pismo Ent. 40: 125-126.

Cteniscus devius (Mason)
Man., Colo., Alaska; Europe.

Eudiabonis devius Mason, 1955. Canad. Jour. Zool. 33: 34. ♀.

Cteniscus dorsalis Cresson
N. S. w. to Alaska, s. to N. Y., 111., Colo., and Calif.

Cteniscus dorsalis Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 282. "♂"=♀.
Cteniscus mediatus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 282. ♂.

Cteniscus eximius (Mason)
N. Y.

Eudiabonis exinmis Mason, 1955. Canad. Jour. Zool. 33: 33. ♀.

Cteniscus flavicircus (Mason)
Ont., Ohio, S. C, Ind. Host: Pristiphora sp.

Eiidiabonis Jlavicircus Mason, 1955. Canad. Jour. Zool. 33: 27. ♂, ♀.

Cteniscus glutiniatus (Roman)
Maine, B. C, Alaska; N. Eurasia.

Diaboms glutiniatus Roman, 1909. In Hamburg, Naturw. Unters. Sarekgebirges, v. 4, p.
282. ♂, ♀.

Cteniscus leptonyx (Mason)
Newfoundland (Labrador) w. to Alaska, s. to Man., Colo., Ariz., and Calif.

Eiidiabonis leptonyx Mason, 1955. Canad. Jour. Zool. 33: 37. ♂, ♀.

Cteniscus luminosus (Mason)
N. Y.

Eudiabonis luminosus Mason, 1955. Canad. Jour. Zool. 33: 40. ♀.

Cteniscus maculiventris
***authority mismatch
maculiventris (Ashmead). Newfoundland (Labrador) w. to B. C, s. to Mass. and
Colo.
Diaboms maculiventris Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 197. ♂.
Diaboms ignipes Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 231. ♀.

Cteniscus maculiventris
***authority mismatch
sexmaculatus (Ashmead). N. W. T., N. Man., Alaska. More northwestern than
the nominate subspecies, m. sexmaculatus probably having decended from a
Palearctic-Beringian glacial refugium. A third subspecies, m. borioalpinus Kerrich,
occurs in Europe and is rather similar to m. sexmaculatus.
Diaboms sexmaculatus Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 212. ♂.

Cteniscus nigrocephalus (Davis)
Conn., Md., Ga.

Diaboms nigrocephalus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 232. ♀.

Cteniscus promediatus
***authority mismatch
arizonicus (Mason). N. Mex., Ariz.

Eudiabonis promediatus arizonicus Mason, 1955. Canad. Jour. Zool. 33: 60. ♀.

Cteniscus promediatus
***authority mismatch
cressoni (Mason). N. Y. w. to s. Ont. and Mich., s. to Va. Host: Nematiis
salicisodoratus Dyar.

Eudiabonis promediatus cressoni Mason, 1955. Canad. Jour. Zool. 33: 59. ♂, ♀.

Cteniscus promediatus
***authority mismatch
promediatus (Mason). Newfoundland (insular) w. to Alaska, s. to N. S., s. Ont.,
Minn., Colo., and B. C. Host: Nematus currani Ross, Hemichroa crocea (Geoff.).

Eudiabonis promediatus promediatus Mason, 1955. Canad. Jour. Zool. 33: 56. ♂, ♀.

Cteniscus pulchellus (Mason)
Mass., N. J., Pa., Md., Mich.

Eudiabonis pulchellus Mason, 1955. Canad. Jour. Zool. 33: 50. ♂, ♀.

Cteniscus pyelechus (Mason)
Mass., N. J., Pa., Md., Mich.

Eudiabonis pyelechus Mason, 1955. Canad. Jour. Zool. 33: 25. ♂, ♀.

Cteniscus scaphuloides (Mason)
Que., Maine, R. I., Md., Ont., Mich., Idaho.

Eudiabonis scaphuloides Mason, 1955. Canad. Jour. Zool. 33: 40. ♂, ♀.




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Cteniscus similis (Davis)
Que. w. to Alaska, s. to N. H., Nebr., Colo., and Calif. The division of this
species into four subspecies by Mason (1955) is rather unconvincing.
Diabonis similis Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 231. ♀ (♂ misdet.).
Diaborus iiebraskensis Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 232. ♂.
Diaborus citrifrons Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 212. ♂.
Cteniscus vitticollis Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 113. "♂"=♀.

Genus SCAPNETES Townes

Scapietes Townes, 1969. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 11: 190.

Type-species: Exenterus oniatus Walsh. Orig. desig. Enigmatically, Townes (1969)
added the qualifying phrase "as interpreted by Mason, 1956" to his type-species
designation, but then went on to point out, in effect, that Mason (1956) had
confused two species under the name omatus.

Scapnetes ornatus (Walsh)
N. S., N. B., Que., N. H., Conn., S. C, Ga., Fla., Ont., Mich.
Exenteron (!) omatus Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 105. ♂.

Taxonomy: Mason, 1956. Canad. Jour. Zool. 34: 120-124.

Scapnetes rufus (Provancher)
Que.

Cteniscus nifus Provancher, 1876. Nat. Canad. 8: 318. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1969. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 11: 190.

Genus EXENTERUS Hartig

Exentenis Hartig, 1837. Arch. f. Naturgesch. 1: 156.

Type-species: Ichneumon marffinatorius Fabricius. Monotypic
Actenonyx Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 195. Preocc. by White, 1846.
Type-species: Ichneumon marginatorius Fabricius. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Viereck, 1911.
Picroscopus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 195.

Type-species: Tryphon ictericus Gravenhorst. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Thomson, 1883.

Members of this genus are parasitic upon the larvae of Diprionidae.

Revision: Cushman, 1940. U. S. Dept. A^. Misc. Pub. 354: 1-14. — Cushman, 1943. Canad.
Ent. 75: 169-174 (additions and corrections to 1940 revision).

Taxonomy: Finlayson, 1963. Canad. Ent. 95: 468-488 (key to final-instar larvae). —Mason,

1967. Canad. Ent. 95: 375-384 (egg structure specializations).

Exenterus abruptorius (Thunberg)
Que., Ont.; Eurasia. Introduced. Host: Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.), A^.
lecontei (Fitch), N. pratti banksianae Roh. Dowden (1960) stated that E. abruptorius is
known to be established in N. J., but no specimens of abruptorius from N. J. can be
found in the U. S. Natl. Museum collection; lacking evidence to the contrary, I assume
that the N. J. record for abruptorius is based upon incorrectly identified specimens.

Ichneumon abruptorius Thunberg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem. 8:
279; 9: 360. d ( 9 misdet.).

Exenterus cingulatorius Holmgren, 1857 (1855). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.). 1:
229. ♀.

Exenterus coreensis Uchida, 1930. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Faculty Agr., Jour. 25: 270. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Finlayson, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 28 (larva).

Biology: Morris, 1937. Bui. Ent. Res. 28: 525-534. —Salt, 1941. Cambridge Phil. Soc, Biol.
Rev. 16: 256. —Wilkes, 1942. Ent. Soc. Ontario, Ann. Rpt. for 1941, p. 41-44. — Guryanova,
1972. Zool. Zhur. 51: 845-854 (Russ. with Ent. sum.).

Exenterus adspersus Hartig
Eurasia. Introduced in N. B. in 1938 and possibly in mixture with other

Exenterus spp. at other Canadian localities between 1933 and 1939, apparently without
becoming established. The target host for introductions in Canada was Gilpinia
hercyniae (Htg.), but I find no record of adspersus having been reared from hercyniae




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during the period in which hercyniae has been resurrected from snonymy with Gilpinia

polytoma (Htg.) (i.e. since 1939).
Exentenis adspersus Hartig, 1838. Jahresber. Fortschr. Forstwiss. Forstl. Naturk. 1: 271. ♂, ♀.
Exentenis lepidus Holmgren, 1857 (1855). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 1: 231. ♂.
Exeyiterua laricinnn Thomson, 1888. Opusc. Ent. 12: 1254. ♀.
Exenterus oleaceus Uchida, 1931. Insecta Matsumurana 5: 146. ♀.

Taxonomy: Beirne, 1941. Soc. Brit. Ent., Trans. 7: 180-181 (final-instar larva). — Iwata, 1958;
1960. Acta Hym. 1: 69; 163 (egg and ovary).

Biology: Morris, Cameron, and Jepson, 1937. Bui. Ent. Res. 28: 375-376.

Exenterus affinis Rohwer
Que., Maine, Ont. Host: Gilpinia hercyniae (Htg.), Neodiprion abietis (Harris).
Exentenis affinis Rohwer, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 57: 225. ♀.

Taxonomy: Finlayson, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 928 (final-instar larva).

Exenterus amictorius (Panzer)
N. S. s. to n. W. Va., w. to N. Dak.; Europe. Introduced. Host: Gilpinia
hercyniae (Htg.), Diprion siinitis (Htg.), Neodiprion lecontei (Fitch), A^. nannlus
nanulus Schedl, N. sertifer (Geoff.), A^. sivainei (Midd.).
Ichneumon marginatorius Fabricius, 1793. Ent. System., v. 2, p. 145. (female). Preocc. by

Rossi, 1790.
Ichneumon amictoriHS Panzer, 1801. Faunae Ins. German., fasc. 80, pi. 14. ♀.
Ichneumon sulcatorius Thunberg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem. 8:
279; 9; 359. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Finlayson, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 28-30 (final-instar larva).

Biology: Scheidter, 1934. Ztschr. f. Pflanzenkrank. 44: 369, 500-502. —Wilkes, 1924. Ent. Soc.
Ontario, Ann. Rpt. for 1941, p. 41-44. — McLeod, 1972. Canad. Ent. 104: 1313-1330.

Exenterus canadensis Provancher
Que. s. to Fla., w. to Wis. and La. Host: Neodiprion abietis (Harris),

A^. excitans Roh., A'^. lecontei (Fitch), N. pinetum (Nort.), N. swainei Midd., N.

virginiana Roh. For many years the name canadensis has been erroneously applied to

Exenterus nigrifrons Rohwer
(which see).
Exentenis Canadensis Provancher, 1883. Nat. Canad. 14: 9. ♂, ♀.
Exenterus diprion i Rohwer, 1915. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 49: 222. 9. Synonymy according

to Barron (1975).
Exenterus diprionis Cushman, 1940. U. S. Dept. Agr. Misc. Pub. 354: 4. Unjustified emend.

Taxonomy: Finlayson, 1963. Canad. Ent. 95: 489-490 (final-instar larva, as diprionis).
—Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 440.

Biology: Barclay, 1938. Ent. Soc. Ontario, Ann. Rpt. 69: 29-31 (as diprioni). —Griffiths, 1969.
Canad. Ent. 101: 673-713.

Exenterus confusus Kerrich
N. B., Que., Ont.; Eurasia. Introduced. Host: Gilpinia hercyniae (Htg.),
Neodiprion nanulus nanulus Schedl. This species was misidentified as Exentenis

Exenterus claripennis Thomson
in the revision by Cushman (1940).
Exentenis confusus Kerrich, 1952. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 2: 361. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Finlayson, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 926-927 (final-instar larva).

Biology: Reeks, 1952. Canad. Ent. 84: 79-85 (as claripennis).

Exenterus hullensis Provancher
Que., N. H., Ont, Mich.

Exentenis Hullensis Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 104. ♂, ♀.

Exenterus lophyri Viereck
Nebr., Ariz. Host: Zadiprion townsendi (Ckll.).

Exenterus lophyri Viereck, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 39: 404. ♀.

Biology: Swenk, 1911. Nebr. Agr. Expt. Sta., Ann. Rpt. 24: 26-28.

Exenterus nigrifrons Rohwer
N. S. to Fla., w. to Minn, and Tex. Host: Gilpinia hercyniae (Htg.),

Neodiprion abbotii (Leach), A^. abietis (Harris), A^. excitans Roh., N. lecontei (Fitch), N.
nanulus nanulus Schedl, N. pratti banksianae Roh., A^. rugifroyis Midd., N. sertifer
(Geoff.), A^. swainei Midd., A^. taedae linearis Ross. Preceding the work of Barron (1975)




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on the Provancher types, authors (most importantly Cushman, 1940) have incorrectly
applied the name canade)isis Provancher to this species; Cushman (1940) based his
usage upon the erroneous assertion that there had been a male holotype of canadensis,
and he applied the name according to the first-revisor principle because only a female
specimen had then been found in the Provancher collection under the name canadensis.

Exenterus nigrifrons Rohwer, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 57: 225. "♀"=♂.

Exentenis flavissimus Cushman, 1940. U. S. Dept. Agr. Misc. Pub. 354: 12. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Short, 1959. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 110: 425 (final-instar larva, as canadensis).
— Finlayson, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 26-28 (final-instar larva, as canade7isis). —Barron,
1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 440.

Biology: Barclay, 1938. Ent. Soc. Ontario, Ann. Rpt. 69: 29-31 (as "canadensis Auct").

— Bobb, 1965. Jour. Econ. Ent. 58: 925 (as caitadensis).

Exenterus pini Cushman
Nebr., Mont., Colo., Idaho, Ariz., Nev., Calif. Host: Neodiprion edidicolus Ross.

Exenterus pini Cushman, 1940. U. S. Dept. Agr. Misc. Pub. 354: 13. ♀.

Exenterus platypes Cushman
Que., N. C, Ont., Minn. Host: Neodiprion pratti banksianae Roh.

Exentenis platypes Cushman, 1943. Canad. Ent. 75: 173. ♀.

Taxonomy: Finlayson, 1963. Canad. Ent. 95: 489-490 (final-instar larva).

Biology: Griffiths, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 654.

Exenterus tricolor Roman
Europe. Introduced in N. B. (1937-1939), Que. (1936-1940), N. H. (1938), and
Vt. (1939); a 1946 recovery in N. B. indicates that the species may be established there.
Host: Gilpinia hercyniae (Htg.). The host listed was the target species for introductions
in North America.
Exenterus tricolor Roman, 1913. Ent. Tidskr. 34: 127. cj, 9.

Taxonomy: Finlayson, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 928-929 (final-instar larva).

Biology: Morris, Cameron, and Jepson, 1937. Bui. Ent. Res. 28: 369-375. —Barclay, 1938. Ent.
Soc. Ontario, Ann. Rpt. 69: 29-31.

Exenterus tsugae Cushman
Mont., B. C, Idaho, Oreg., Calif. Host: Neodiprion tsugae Midd., N.
sciitellatiis Roh.
Exenterus tsugae Cushman, 1940. U. S. Dept. Agr. Misc. Pub. 354: 13. ♂, ♀.

Biology: Fumiss and Dowden, 1941. Jour. Econ. Ent. 34: 49.

Exenterus vellicatus Cushman
Newfoundland (insular), N. S., P. E. I., N. B., Que., Maine, N. Y., Ont.
Introduced. Host: Gilpinia hercyniae (Htg.).
Exenterus vellicatus Cushman, 1940. U. S. Dept. Agr. Misc. Pub. 354: 7. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Finlayson, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 928-930 (final-instar larva).
Biology: Morris, Cameron, and Jepson, 1937. Bui. Ent. Res. 28: 377 (as Exenterus sp.).

Exenterus walleyi Cushman
N. B., Ont., Ind. Host: Neodiprion abietis (Harris), N. nanuhis nanulus
Schedl, A^. sertifer (Geoff.).
Exenterus walleyi Cushman, 1943. Canad. Ent. 75: 171. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Finlayson, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 29-30 (final-instar larva).

Genus ERIDOLIUS Foerster

Anisoctenion Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 194.

Type-species: Acroto^nus xanthopus Holmgren. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Schmiedeknecht, 1907. The type-species is considered to be a
synonym of Eridolius alacer (Gravenhorst).
Eridolius Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 195.

Type-species: Exenterus pygmaeus Holmgren. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Thomson, 1883.

Until recently the name Cteniscus was applied to this genus because Eridolius aurifhms
(Haliday) was incorrectly regarded as the type-species of Cteniscus (see discussion under
Cteniscus). Eridolius is Holarctic with many species of boreal distribution. Many of the species
occurring in the Nearctic Region are undescribed.




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Taxonomy: Mason, 1962. Canad. Ent. 94: 1291 (generic limits, as Cteniscus). — Townes, 1969.

Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 11: 191-192.

Eridolius clypeatus (Cresson)
Que. w. to Alaska, s. to Pa., Colo., and Oreg.

Cteniscus clypeatus Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 113. ♀.

Eridolius consors (Cresson)
Que., N. H., Conn., Md., Ont, Tex., Nev.

Cte7iiscus consors Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 113. ♀.

Eridolius flavicoxae (Cresson)
Mass., Del.

Cteniscus flavicoxae Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 283. ♀.

Taxonomy: Mason, 1962. Canad. Ent. 94: 1291.

Eridolius gnathoxanthus (Gravenhorst)
Que., Alaska; Europe.

Tryphon gnathoxayitlins Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 147. ♀.

Eridolius marginatus (Thomson)
Transcont. in Huds. Zone; Europe.

Cteniscns marginatus Thomson, 1883. Opusc. Ent. 9: 892. ♂, ♀.

Ctenisc%is nigrofemoralis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 211. S ■

Taxonomy: Roman, 1909. In Hamburg, Naturw. Unters. Sarekgebirges, v. 4, p. 286. —Mason,
1951. In Muesebeck, Krombein, and Townes, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 227 (syn.).

Eridolius orbitalis (Cresson)
Que., Maine, N. Y., Pa., Ont.

Cteniscus orbitalis Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 293. "♂"=♀.

Eridolius praeustus (Holmgren)
Alaska, Wash.; Eurasia.

Exentenis praeustus Holmgren, 1857 (1855). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 1: 245. ♀.

Eridolius pygmaeus (Holmgren)
Transcont. in Arctic (s. part) and Huds. Zones; n. Europe.

Exentenis pygmaeus Holmgren, 1857 (1855). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Hand!, (n. f.) 1: 245. ♀.
Microplectron alaske7isis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 212. ♂.

Taxonomy: Mason, 1951. In Muesebeck, Krombein, and Townes, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr.
Monog. 2: 228 (syn.).

Tribe IDIOGRAMMATINI

This tribe includes Idiogramma and the fossil genus Urotryphon described by Townes (1973)
from Cretaceous amber (80 to 90 million years old) collected in the U. S. S. R.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1973. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 75: 282-287.

Genus IDIOGRAMMA Foerster

Idiogramma Foerster, 1867. In Kirchner, Cat. Hym. Europae, p. 67. Nomen nudum. The

nomen nudum Idiogramma euryops Foerster also appears on p. 67.
Idiogramma Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 163.

Type-species: Idiogramma euryops Schmiedeknecht. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Schmiedeknecht, 1868.
Macrochasmus Thomson, 1888. Opusc. Ent. 12: 1279.

Type-species: Macrochasmus alysiinus Thomson. Monotypic.
Lysiognatha Ashmead, 1895. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 3: 276.

Type-species: Lysiognatha comstockii Ashmead. Monotypic.

Members of this Holarctic genus parasitize larvae of Xyela in the staminate cones of Pimis.
Oviposition occurs at about the time when the Xyela larval development is nearing completion,
which apparently just precedes the time the host pine sheds its pollen. The eggs of Idiogramma
hatch after the host has dropped to the ground and formed its earthen pupal cell.

Revision: Cushman, 1937. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 27: 438-444. —Townes and Townes, 1951.
Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 53: 308-313.

Taxonomy: Perkins, 1940. Entomologist 73: 55. —Cushman, 1942. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 44:
54 (generic syn.).

Biology: Burdick, 1961. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 17: 319-320.




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Idiogramma bridwelli (Cushman)
Md., Va., Fla. Ecology: Associated with Pbms virginiana. Host: Xyela
sp.
Lysiognatha bridwelli Cushman, 1937. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 27: 444. ♂, ♀.

Idiogramma comstockii (Ashmead)
Ont., N. Y., Md., D. C, Va. Ecology: Associated with Finns divaricata
and P. virginiana.
Lysiognatha comstockii Ashmead, 1895. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 3: 276. ♂, ♀.
Lysiognatha sulcata Cushman, 1937. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 27: 442. ♂, ♀.

Idiogramma contortae Townes
Utah, Ariz., Calif. Ecology: Associated with Finns contorta, P. mnricata,
and F. ponderosa.
Idiogramma contortae Townes, 1951. In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 53:
310. ♂, ♀.

Idiogramma fraterna Townes
Utah, Ariz., Calif. Ecology: Associated with Finns contorta and F.
ponderosa.
Idiogramma fratemns Townes, 1951. Ln Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 53:
312. ♂, ♀.

Idiogramma longicauda (Cushman)
Md., Va., Ga., Ala. Ecology: Associated with Fi^ius taeda and P.
virginiana. Host: Xyela sp.

Lysiognatha longicanda Cushman, 1937. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 27: 443. ♂, ♀.

Idiogramma titana Burdick
Calif. Ecology: Associated with Finns conlteri.

Idiogramma titana Burdick, 1958. Pan-Pacific Ent. 34: 159. ♂, ♀.

Subfamily EUCEROTINAE
Genus EUCEROS Gravenhorst

Euceros Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 368.

Type-species: Euceros crassicomis Gravenhorst. Monotypic.
Eumesius Westwood, 1840. Introd. Mod. Classif. Ins., v. 2, p. 153. Unnecessary n. name for

Euceros Gravenhorst, which is not preocc. by Eucera Scopoli, 1770.
Omaloceros Giraud, 1857. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verh. 7: 163. Unnecessary n. name for

Euceros Gravenhorst.
Tautozelus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 212.

Type-species: Euceros egregius Holmgren. Included and desig. by Perkins, 1962.
The type species is regarded as a synonym of E. serricomis Haliday.
Encerusd) Verhoeff, 1892. Ent. Nachr. 18: 4.

Pseudasthenara Uchida, 1930. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Faculty Agr., Jour. 25: 276.
Type-species: Asthenara rufocincta Ashmead. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is the only genus in the Eucerotinae; it is moderate sized, and its distribution is Holarctic,
Australian (one undescribed sp.), and Ethiopian (one Madagascan sp.). The genus was placed in
the Tryphoninae (as tribe Eucerotini) by Townes (1969), apparently based upon the similarities
between the final instar larvae of Euceros and Exentenis (cf. Finlayson [1960, p. 34]), but the
egg, the early larval instars, the adult, and the biology of Euceros differ so greatly from those of
Tryphoninae or any other Ichneumonidae that the genus is here placed in a subfamUy of its own,
as was done by Perkins (1959). Barron (1977) has published a revision of the Nearctic species; I
regret that it was not feasible for me to revise the present treatment of Euceros accordingly.

Euceros eggs are stalked and greatly resemble those of Chrysopidae; they are deposited on
foliage near early-instar larvae of a carrier host (defoliating sawflies or Lepidoptera). The
planidial first larval instar of Euceros remains upon its empty chorion at the top of the egg stalk
until it is able to attach to a passing carrier host. Although a Euceros planidium obtains enough
fluid from the carrier host to sustain itself, it is an obligate hyperparasite and cannot develop
further on the carrier host; its chance for completing its development depends upon the host
being parasitized (presumably most often subsequently) by another ichneumonid (it seems
reasonable to expect rearings from larger Braconidae also). The time at which a Euceros planidi-
um enters its true host is not known for certain and may vary according to the true host's mode
of parasitism (true hosts include external as well as internal parasites). When the true host is an
internal larval parasite (e.g. Phobocampe or Olesicampe), it appears likely that the first-instar
Euceros planidium remains externally attached to the carrier host until the mature larva of the




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true host has killed the carrier host and emerged from it. When the true host is an internal lar-
val-pupal parasite (a species of Anomaloninae being recorded as a host of Eiiceros frigid is Cres-
son) it would be necessary for the Euceros planidium to bore through the integument of the car-
rier host in order to reach the true host. There appear to be seven or eight larval instars; during
the first four stadia, the Euceros larvae are internal parasites, but during the last three or four
stadia they are external parasites.

Revision: Barron, 1977 (1976). Nat. Canad. 103: 285-375.

Taxonomy: Perkins, 1959. Handb. Ident. Brit. Ins., v. 7, pt. 2 (ai), p. 14. — Townes, 1969.
Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 11: 193-194.

Morphology: Finlayson, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 34, 37 (final-instar larva). —Tripp, 1961. Canad.
Ent. 93: 41-43, 45-48, 49, 56, 57 (ovariole, egg, first-instar larva, final-instar larva).
— Varley, 1965 (1964). Ent. Monthly Mag. 100: 114, 115-116 (first-instar larva).

Euceros albomarginatus Cushman
N. H., N. Y., Pa., Ohio.

Sco7-pioms{l) albomarginatus Ashmead, 1902. In Slosson, Ent. News 13: 320. Nomen

nudum.
Euceros albomarginatus Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (8): 12. ♀.

Euceros angulicornis Walley
B. C.

Euceros angulicornis Walley, 1932. Canad. Ent. 64: 246. ♂, ♀.

Euceros canadensis Cresson
Que., N. H., Vt., N. Y., Ont., Ohio, Mich.

Euceros Canadensis Cresson, 1869. Canad. Ent. 1: 103. ♀.

Euceros digitalis Walley
Ont.

Ettceros digitalis Walley, 1932. Canad. Ent. 64: 242. ♂.

Euceros faciens Davis
Wash., Oreg. Ecology: Reared from a parasite of Neodiprion tsugae Midd.

Euceros faciens Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 256. ♂.

Euceros flavescens Cresson
Conn., W. Va.

Euceros flavescens Cresson, 1869. Canad. Ent. 1: 105. ♂, ♀.

Euceros frigidus Cresson
Que., Maine, Ont., Man., B. C. Host: Casinaria semiothisae Wly.?, E7idasijs
subclavatus (Say), Lamachus sp., Olesicampe lophyri (Riley), sp. of Anomaloninae near
Therion, Tryphoninae.

Euceros frigidus Cresson, 1869. Canad. Ent. 1: 105. ♀.

Biology: Finlayson, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 34, 36. -Tripp, 1961. Canad. Ent. 93: 40-58.

Euceros medialis Cresson
Que. s. to N. C, w. to Alta.

Euceros medialis Cresson, 1869. Canad. Ent. 1: 105. ♀.

Euceros neodiprioni Walley
Que., Md. Ecology: Reared from a parasite of Neodiprion sp.

Euceros neodiprioni Walley, 1932. Canad. Ent. 64: 245. ♂, ♀.

Euceros obesus Davis
N. Y., 111.

Euceros obesus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 255. ♀.

Euceros sanguineus Davis
Colo.

Euceros sanguineus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 255. ♂, ♀.

Euceros thoracicus Cresson
Que., Maine, N. H., Conn., N. Y., Pa., Ont., Man. Ecology: Reared from
parasites of Caripeta divisata Wlk., Hydriomena divisaria (Wlk.), Semiothisa
"granitata" auct., Neodiprion sp., N. swainei Midd., N. sp. in virginiana complex, and
Pristiphora (Htg.).

Euceros Couperii Cresson, 1869. Canad. Ent. 1: 104. ♂.

Euceros thoracicus Cresson, 1869. Canad. Ent. 1: 105. ♂.

Euceros couperi Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 326. Emend.

Scorpiorus(l) flavopictus Ashmead, 1902. In Slosson, Ent. News 13: 6. Nomen nudum.

Euceros vierecki Hertzog, 1909. Ent. News 20: 245. "♂"=♀.

Euceros decorus Walley, 1932. Canad. Ent. 64: 244. ♂, ♀.

Subfamily ADELOGNATHINAE
Genus ADELOGNATHUS Holmgren

Adeloffiiathus Holmgren, 1857 (1855). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 1: 196.




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Type-species: Adelognathus brevicomis Holmgren. Desig. by Viereck, 1912.
Pammicra Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 181.

Type-species: Hemiteles dorsalis Gravenborst. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Tbomson, 1883.
Synaema Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 201.

Type-species: Adelognathus brevicomis Holmgren. Monotypically included and
desig. by Viereck, 1914. Perkins (1962) incorrectly stated that species had been
included by Szepligeti (1911), but Szepligeti merely placed Syyiaeina as a
synonym of Adelogyiatlius, which does not constitute inclusion of species.
Notomeris Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 201.

Type-species: Adelogiiathus difformis Holmgren. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Thomson, 1888. According to Perkins (1943) the species identified as
A. difformis Holmgren by Thomson is A. thomsoyii Schmiedeknecht.
Cnemischys Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 201.

Type-species: Adelognathus (Cnemischus) pilosus Thomson. Desig. by Townes, 1944
from two species included by Thomson, 1888.
Pammicrus Thomson, 1883. Opusc. Ent. 9: 880. Emend.
Cnemischus Thomson, 1888. Opusc. Ent. 12: 1277. Emend.

Townes (1969) treated Adelognathus as the only genus in the Adelognathinae; the genus is
Holarctic and of moderate size. Several species have been reared from larvae or savvflies; in one
case the Adelognathus larvae are known to have fed externally and gregariously.

Taxonomy: Szepligeti, 1911. In Wytsman, Gen. Ins., fasc. 144, p. 50. —Perkins, 1943. Roy.
Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 93: 95-97. —Townes and Townes, 1951. In Muesebeck et a/., U. S.
Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 209-210. -Perkins, 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 11:
414, 439, 442, 455. -Townes, 1969. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 11: 207-208.

Adelognathus americanus Cushman
N. H. Ecology: The holotype was collected on the alpine region of Mt.

Washington, N. H.
Trachyporthus(l) americamis Ashmead, 1897. In Slosson, Ent. News 8: 237. Nomen

nudum.
Adelognathus americanus Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (8): 2. ♀.
brevicomis Holmgren. Que., N. Y.; Europe.

Adelognathus brevicomis Holmgren, 1857 (1855). Svenska Vetesk.-Akad. Handl. (n. s.) 1:

197. ♂, ♀.
Adelognathus limbatus Thomson, 1888. Opusc. Ent. 12: 1275. ♀.

Adelognathus dorsalis (Gravenhorst)
Que., Maine, N. H., Md., N. C, Ohio, Mich.; Europe.
Hemiteles dorsalis Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 838. ♂, ♀.
Hemiteles tener Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 333. "♂"=♀.
Notomirisd) glabrosus Davis, 1896. hi Slosson, Ent. News 7: 264. Nomen nudum.
Notomeris glabrosus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 242. ♀.
Adelognathus deganti Cushman, 1933. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 82 (14): 14. ♀.

Adelognathus flavopictus Davis
N. Y., W. Va., Mich., 111., Minn., s.w. B. C, Oreg. Host: "Nematus" sp. The

male syntype in the collection of the U. S. Natl. Museum, which bears Hopkins W. Va.

no. 3494, was reared by Hopkins (1893) from larvae of "Neynatus sp. a" collected in

Monongalia Co., W. Va. on "Yellow Locust" {=Gleditsia triacanthosf); it emerged on

May 30.
Adelognathus briviceps Ashmead, 1893. In Hopkins, W. Va. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 32: 216.

Nomen nudum.
Adelognathus flavopictus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 242. ♂, ♀.

Adelognathus pallipes (Gravenhorst)
Que., N. H., N. Y., Md., D. C, N. C, Minn.; Europe. Host:

Macremphytus testaceus (Nort.), sawfly larvae.
Plectiscus pallipes Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 981. ♀.
Adelognathus Ruthei Holmgren, 1857 (1855). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 1: 198. ♂, ♀.
Catalytus /xillipes Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 12: 419. 6,9. Prtocc. in

Adelognathus by Gravenborst, 1829 and Holmgren, 1857.
Plectiscus pallidipes Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 24. Emend, of P. pallipes

Gravenhorst.




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Hemiteles pallidipes Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 660. Emend, of C. pallipes
Ashmead; preocc. in Adelognathus by Dalla Torre, 1901, p. 24 and p. 31.

Adelognathus persimilis Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (8): 3. N. name for C.

Adelognathus pallipes
***authority mismatch
Ashmead.

Taxonomy: Thomson, 1883. Opusc. Ent. 9: 878-879 (syn.). — Townes, 1944. Amer. Ent. Soc,
Mem. 11: 144 (syn.).

Subfamily XORIDINAE
There are four genera, all of which have Nearctic species.
Revision: Rohwer, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 57: 428-444, 451-460.

Genus ISCHNOCEROS Gravenhorst

Ischnoceros Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 949.

Type-species: Ichneumon nisticus Geoffroy. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Mitroboris Holmgren, 1859. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad., Ofvers. af ... Forhandl. 16: 131.

Type-species: Xorides {Odontomenis) comutus Ratzeburg. Monotypic. The
type-species is regarded as a synonym of Ischnoceros nisticus (Geoffroy).

This is a small Holarctic genus.

Ischnoceros clivulus Townes
Northeastern Calif.

Ischnoceros clivulus Townes, 1957. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 59: 21. ♀.

Genus APLOMERUS Provancher

Platysoma Provancher, 1885. Canad. Ent. 17: 115. Preocc. by Leach, 1817; Lienard, 1832;

and Brandt, 1835.

Type-species: Platysoma tibialis Provancher. Monotypic.
Aplomerus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 119. N. name for

Platysoma Provancher.
Anodontomenis Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 61, 163. Unnecessary n. name

for Aplomerus Provancher; Ashmead did not state his reason for proposing his n. name

for Aplomerus (on page 61 he erroneously indicated that he was describing a "new

genus"), and one can only suppose that he may have thought Aplomerus to be preocc.

by Aplomera Macquart, 1839.
Haplomerus Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 392. Invalid name proposed in

synonymy.

This is a small Holarctic and Neotropic (one undescribed Mexican sp.) genus.

Revision: Townes (H.) and Townes (G.), 1960 In Townes (H.) and Townes (M.), U. S. Natl.
Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 439-447.

Aplomerus arugosus
***authority mismatch
Townes and G. Townes. Northwestern Wyo. Ecology: The unique holotype was
collected at an elevation of 6500 ft. in Shoshone Canyon, Wyo.
Aplomerus arugosus Townes (H.) and Townes (G.), 1960. In Townes (H.) and Townes (M.),
U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 446. ♀.

Aplomerus buprestivorus Rohwer
Northwestern Ariz., s.w. Oreg., n.e. and s.w. Calif. Ecology: The

holotype and paratype were collected as cocooned pupae or prepupae in a buprestid
gallery in Cercocarpus parvifolius at Ashland, Oreg.
Aplomerus buprestivorus Rohwer, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 57: 453. ♀.

Aplomerus lineatulus (Say)
Que. s. to e. N. C, w. to Wis., Iowa, and n.e. Kans.
Anoynalon lineatulus Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 244. ♂.
Aplomerus foutsi Rohwer, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 57: 454. ♀.
Aplomerus decorus Viereck, 1926. Canad. Ent. 58: 55. ♀.

Taxonomy: Cushman and Gahan, 1921. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 23: 157 (syn.). —Townes, 1944.
Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 115 (syn.).




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Aplomerus robustus
***authority mismatch
Townes and G. Townes. Southwestern B. C, w. Wash., w. Oreg., n. Calif. Ecology:
Specimens have been reared from dead coniferous trees infested with Buprestidae and
Cerambycidae.
Aplovierus robustus Townes (H.) and Townes (G.), 1960. hi Townes (H.) and Townes (M.),
U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 443. ♂, ♀.

Aplomerus tibialis (Provancher)
Southern B. C, Oreg., n. Calif. Ecology: A large series was collected on
fallen trunks oi Pinus contorfa which had been killed by Dendroctonus and had
disintegrated to the point of losing nearly all their bark.
Platysoma tibialis Provancher, 1885. Canad. Ent. 17: 115. ♀.

Genus ODONTOCOLON Cushman

Odontomerus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 851. Preocc. by Leach, 1819.

Type-species: Ichneumon dentipes Gmelin. Desig. by Westwood, 1840.
Odontocolon Cushman, 1942. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 44: 179. N. name for Odontomerus
Gravenhorst.

This is a large Holarctic genus.

Revision: Townes and Townes, 1960. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 448-489.

Odontocolon abdominale
***authority mismatch
abdominale (Cresson). Southeastern Wyo., Colo., n.w. Mont., n. Idaho, n.e. Utah,
Ariz.
Odontomems abdominalis Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 289. ♀.

Odontocolon abdominale
***authority mismatch
fergusoni Townes. Southwestern Alta., s.e. B. C, n.e. Wash.

Odontocolon abdominale fergusoni Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus.
Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 464. ♂, ♀.

Odontocolon aethiops (Cresson)
Colo., s.w. Alta., n.w. Mont., s.e. B. C, n. Idaho, n. Calif. Host: Cerambycid
in Piyius contorta.
Odontomerus aethiops Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 289. ♂, ♀.

Odontocolon alaskense (Rohwer)
South-coastal Alaska. Closely related to the European 0. punctulatum.
(Thomson); alaskense had been suppressed as a synonym of punctnlatum by Townes
(1944) but was removed from synonymy by Townes and Townes (1960).
Odontomerus alaskensis Rohwer, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 45: 360. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1944. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 112-113. —Townes and Townes, 1960. U.
S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 460.

Odontocolon albotibiale (Bradley)
N. S. s. to n. Fla., w. to Minn, and Iowa.

Odontomems albotibialis Bradley, 1918. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 13: 103. ♀.
Odontomerus striatns Cushman, 1930. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 77 (3): 14. ♀. Preocc. by

Brulle, 1846.
Odontocolon aciculatus Cushman, 1942. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 44: 182. N. name for
Odontomems striatus Cushman.

Taxonomy: Cushman, 1942. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 44: 182 (misidentification corrected).

Odontocolon atripes (Rohwer)
N. S. w. to w. Alta., s. to e. N. C, n.e. Ala., and n. 111.

Odontomerus atripes Rohwer, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 45: 358. ♂, ♀.

Odontocolon bicolor (Cresson)
Pa., n. Va., n.w. S. C, n. Ga., n.e. Ala., e. Tex. Ecology: Two specimens from
Call, Texas were apparently collected as cocooned pupae or prepupae from beneath the
bark of logs and stumps of Pinus palustris which had been cut several years before.
Odontomems bicolor Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 169. ♀.

Odontocolon brevicaudum (Cushman)
Southwestern Alta., n.w. Mont., n. Idaho, s. B. C, Wash.

Odontomerus brevicaudus Cushman, 1930. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 77 (3): 7. 9. Because
Cushman used the spelling brevicaudus instead of brevicauda, the name is to be
regarded as an adjective rather than a noun.

Odontocolon canadense (Provancher)
N. S., Que., Maine, N. H., N. Y., w. N. C, Ont., Mich., n.e. Minn. Host:
Serropalpus sp. in Eraser fir.
Odontomerus Ca7iade7isis Provancher, 1877. Nat. Canad. 9: 16. ♀.
Odontomems tibialis Cushman, 1930. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 77 (3): 11. ♂, ♀.




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Taxonomy: Cushman, 1942. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 44: 182 (syn. and correction of
misidentification of canadense).

Odontocolon cilipes Townes
Southeastern Ariz. Ecology: Known only from the holotype which was
collected in the Chiricahua Mts., Ariz.
Odoniocolon cilipes Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt.
2): 454. ♀.

Odontocolon curtum Townes
Northwestern Calif. Ecology: Two of the paratypes emerged from "Laurel,"
presumably Umbellaria califoniica.
Odonfocolon curtum Townes, 1960 In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt.
2): 470. ♂, ♀.

Odontocolon depressum Townes
Colo. Ecology: Known only from the holotype which was collected at an
elevation of 9400 ft. in Rocky Mt. Natl. Park, Colo.
Odontocolon depressum Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 2): 459. ♀.

Odontocolon dichroum (Rohwer)
Northern Idaho, s. B. C, Wash., Oreg., n. Calif.

Odontomerus diclirous Rohwer, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 45: 361. ♀.

Odontocolon dreisbachi Townes
Northwestern Mich. Ecology: Known only from the holotype which was
collected on Isle Royale, Mich.
Odontocolon dreisbachi Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 2): 480. ♀.

Odontocolon formicoides Townes
Northern Ariz. Ecology: Known only from the holotype which was
collected in a stand of Populus, Picea, and Abies at an elevation of 9700 ft. on
Humphreys Peak, Ariz.
Odontocolon formicoides Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 2): 458! 6.

Odontocolon mellipes (Say)
Mass. w. to S. Dak., s. to e. and w. N. C, n.w. S. C, and n.e. Kans. Host:
Parandra (Neandra) brunnea (F.).
Anomalon mellipes Say, 1829. Contrib. Maclurian Lyceum to Arts and Sci. 1: 75. ♀.
Odontomerus ei-rans Rohwer, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 45: 360. ♀.

Odontocolon ochropus Townes
Que. w. to s. B. C, s. to n.w. S. C, e. Tenn., s. Minn., Ariz, and n. Idaho.
Ecology: Three paratypes from Falls Church, Va. emerged from pine infested with
Anoplodera rubrica (Say) and A. vagans (Oliv.); one paratype from Inglenook, Pa.
emerged from hemlock infested with A. rubrica and Metacmaeops vittatus (Swed.); one
paratype from D. C. was collected as an adult in its cocoon, which was extracted from
rotten beech wood.
Odontocolon ochropus Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt.
2): 482. ♂, ♀.

Odontocolon parvum Townes
Northwestern Wyo., n. Colo., n. Idaho, s. B. C, Wash., n.w. Oreg.

Odontocolon jxirvum Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt.
2): 472. ♂, ♀.

Odontocolon polymorphum Cushman
Southwestern B. C, n.w. Wash., w. Oreg. Ecology: Thirteen

paratypes were reared from a branch of Ahius (presumably rubra) infested with
Anobiidae, and two other specimens emerged from a board of Umbellaria californica
infested by Lyctus caricollis LeC. and the anobiid, Ptilinus basilis LeC. The adults can
be wingless, brachypterous (brachypterous male not known), or fully winged.
Odontocolon polymorphum Cushman, 1942. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 44: 180. ♂, ♀.

Odontocolon pullum Townes
Southern B. C, e. Calif. The four type specimens included one wingless
female.
Odontocolon pullum Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt.
2): 456. ♂, ♀.

Odontocolon punctatum (Cushman)
Northwestern Wyo., n. Idaho, s. B. C, w. Wash., e. Oreg., and e. Calif.
Ecology: Notes in the U. S. Natl. Museum indicate that the holotype was "emerging?
from [a] wood wasp? burrow in [a] dead grand fir," from which Leptura obliterata Hald.
also emerged (cf. Cushman, 1930); one specimen was extracted from Abies along with



Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA " 391

two immature adults and a larva of a siricid {="Tremex") and is labeled (incorrectly?) as
being a parasite of "Tremex."
Odontomerns punctatus Cushman, 1930. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 77 (3): 12. ♀.

Odontocolon sierrae Townes
Eastern Calif.

Odontocolon sierrae Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt.
2): 471. ♂, ♀.

Odontocolon strangaliae (Rohwer)
Que. s. to N. C, w. to e. Minn, and central Ala. Host: Strangalina
litteicomis (F.) in grape, "Leptiira" sp. in rotten oak branch.
Odontomerns strangaliae Rohwer, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 158. ♀.

Odontocolon vicinum (Cresson)
Que. w. to s.e. B. C, s. to n. Va., s. Ohio, n. Colo., and e. Oreg. Host:

Dicerca divaricata (Say) in Alnus sp., D. divaricataf in Betula nigra, D. obscura F. in
hackberry.
Odontomerns vicinus Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 168. ♂.

Genus XORIDES Latreille

There are ten subgenera, only two of which have Nearctic species.

Revision: Townes and Townes, 1960. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 489-530 (subgenera of
world and Nearctic spp.).

Genus XORIDES Subgenus EXOMUS Townes

Xorides subg. Exomus Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 2): 496.

Type-species: Anomalon humerale Say sensu Townes and Townes (1960). Grig,
desig.

A single variable species in known.

Xorides humeralis (Say)
Newfoundland (Labrador) w. to B. C, s. to Fla., Tex., s.e. Ariz., and s. Calif.;

Mexico. Host: Neoclytus acuminatus (F.) in Ilex opaca, Phymatodes testaceous (L.) in

red oak, Xylotrechus undulatus (Say)? in Abies lasiocarpa. The six "subspecies" of

Townes and Townes (1960) are too poorly defined and based upon too few specimens to

be worth recognizing.
Anomalon humerale Say, 1829. Contrib. Maclurian Lyceum to Arts and Sci. 1: 74. ♀.
Xylonomus australis Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 167. ♀.
Xylonomns Lavallensis Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 59. ♀.

Xylonomus (Moerophora) piceatus Rohwer, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 45: 357. N. syn.
Xorides (Exomus) humeralis mexicanus Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S.

Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 497. ♀. N. syn.
Xorides (Exoinus) humeralis sierrae Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl.

Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 500. ♂, ♀. N. syn.
Xorides (Exo^nus) humeralis excomptus Townes, 1960. hi Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl.

Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 500. ♂, ♀. N. syn.
Xorides (Exomus) humeralis chiricensis Townes, 1960. hi Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl.

Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 501. ♀. N. syn.

Genus XORIDES Subgenus Xorides Latreille

Xorides Latreille, 1809. Gen. Crust. Ins., v. 4, p. 4.

Type-species: Ichneumon indicatorius Latreille. Monotypic.
Xylonomus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 819.

Type-species: Ichneumon irrigator Fabricius. Desig. by Curtis, 1831.
Sterotrichus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 169.

Type-species: Xylonomus pilicomis Gravenhorst. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Brischke, 1880. The type-species is regarded as a synonym of X.
fuligator (Thunberg).
Sichelia Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 169.

Type-species: Xylonomus filiformis Gravenhorst. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Schmiedeknecht, 1888.




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Rhadina Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 170. Preocc. by Billberg, 1828.
Type-species: Xylonomus ater Gravenborst. Monotypically included and desig. by
Scbmiedeknecbt, 1888.
Rhadhiopimpla Scbulz, 1906. Zool. Ann. 4: 23. N. name for Rhadina Foerster.
Xylonomimus Clement, 1938. Festscbr. Embrik Strand, v. 4, p. 539.

Type-species: Xylonomus gracilicomis Gravenborst. Orig. desig.
Neoxylonomus Clement, 1838. Festscbr. Embrik Strand, v. 4, p. 566. Preocc. by Szepligeti,
1914.

Type-species: Neoxylonomus strandi Clement. Monotypic.
Amphixylonomus Benoit, 1952. Soc. Ent. de Belg., Bui. et Ann. 88: 136. Described as a
subgenus, but treated nomenclaturally as a genus.

Type-species: Amphixylonomus konduensis Benoit. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is a large subgenus of Holarctic, Oriental, Australian? (one sp. described as being from
New Guinea), and Ethiopian (one sp.) distribution.

Xorides albopictus (Cresson)
Que. s. to n. Ga., w. to central N. Dak., e. Nebr., and n.e. Tex. Ecology:
Parasite of Coleoptera which bore in hardwoods. Host: Saperda discoidea F., S.
tridentata Oliv., Scolytus multisfriatns (Mar.)?
Xyolonomus albopictus Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 168. ♀.
Xorides Canadensis Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 248. ♂.

Xylonomus {Moerophora) duplicatus Rohwer, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 45: 356. ♂.

Xorides atrox Townes
Southeastern B. C. Known only from the holotype.

Xorides (Xorides) atrox Townes, 1960. hi Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 2): 520. ♀.

Xorides boharti Townes
Northwestern Calif.

Xorides (Xorides) boharti Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 2):508. ♂, ♀.

Xorides calidus (Provancher)
Que. w. to s.e. Sask., s. to e. N. C. and Tex. Host: Amiiiscus macula

(Say) in Castanea dentata, Curius dentatus Newm. in juniper, cerambycid in Castanea
dentata.
Xylonomus calidtcs Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 119. ♀.
Xylonomus pulcher Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 450. ♀.
Aplomenis nasonii Davis, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 32. ♂.
Xorides callid7is(l) Townes and Townes, 1951. U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 205.

Xorides californicus (Cresson)
Colo., n. N. Mex., n. Ariz., w. Mont., n. Idaho, s. B. C, Wash., Oreg., n.
Calif. Host: Buprestis viridisuturalis N. and W. in Populus trichocarpa, Chalcophora
angulicollis (LeC.) in Pinus ponderosa, Alaus oculatus (L.)?, sesiid? in Pinus
ponderosa.
Xylonomus californicus Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 380. ♀.
Xylonomus catomus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 372. ♀.

Xorides cincticornis
***authority mismatch
cincticornis (Cresson). Southwestern Alta. and s. B. C, s. to n. N. Mex., n. Idaho,
and e. and n.w. Oreg. Host: Anoplodera chrysocoma (Kby.)? in Pinus ponderosa
scopidorum.
Xylonomus cincticornis Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc 4: 288. ♀.
Xyloyiomus (Moerophora) modestus Rohwer, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 45: 358. ♂.

Xorides cincticornis
***authority mismatch
rufus Townes. Central Oreg., n.e. Calif.

Xorides (Xorides) cincticornis rufus Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl.
Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 530. ♂, ♀.

Xorides eastoni (Rohwer)
Mass., Conn., Wis., s. B. C.

Xylonomus (Moerophora) eastoni Rohwer, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 45: 356. ♀.

Xorides frigidus (Cresson)
Que., Maine, Vt., Colo., n. Idaho, interior Alaska, s. Yukon, s.w. B. C, n.e.
Wash.
Xylonomus frigidus Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 168. ♀.
Xylonomus (Xylonomus) plesius Rohwer, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 45: 354. ♀.
Xylonomus (Moerophora) yukonensis Rohwer, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 45: 355. ♀.




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Xorides harringtoni Rohwer
Que., Vt., N. Y., Ont. Host: Dicerca divaricata (Say).

Xylo7iomus canadeyisis Harrington, 1891. Canad. Ent. 23: 133. ♂, ♀. Preocc. in Xorides by

Provancher, 1875.
Xorides harringtoni Rohwer, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 57: 443. N. name for Xylonomus
canadensis Harrington.

Xorides insularis (Cresson)
Que., Colo., s. N. Mex., s.w. Alta., n. Idaho, n. Utah., s. Ariz., Interior
Alaska, s. B. C, Wash., Oreg., n. Calif. Host: "Hylotrupes" sp. in Thuja plicata,
Semayiotiis amethystinus (LeC), S. liffyiens aynplus (Casey), Tetropium sp. in Larix
occidentalis, T. sp. in Picea, cerambycid in Abies, cerambycid in Pinus monticola,
Melanophila sp.?, M. drummondi (Kby.), buprestid in Pseudotsuga menziesii,
"Temnochila virescens [F.]" in redwood, "scolytid" in Pseudotsuga menziesii.
PoemeriaC) insularis Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 380. ♀.

Xorides maudae (Davis)
Western Wash., w. Oreg., n.w. Calif. Ecology: One specimen emerged from
Pseudotsuga menziesii.
Xylonomus maudae Davis, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 32. ♀.
tnedius Townes. Northern Idaho, n.w. Calif.

Xorides (Xorides) medius Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 2):511. ♂, ♀.

Xorides neoclyti (Rohwer)
Colo., N. Mex., Ariz. Host: Neoclytus caprea (Say), Semanotus ligneus
conformis (Casey), Chrysobothris femorata (Oliv.).
Moerophora neoclyti Rohwer, 1915. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 49: 223. ♂.

Xorides peniculus Townes
N. Y., N. J., Pa., e. S. C, e. Tex. Ecology: One paratype was extracted from
the wood of Celtis occidentalis, and another paratype and the holotype emerged from
the same host material.
Xorides (Xorides) peniculus Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216 (pt. 2): 506.

Xorides pictus Townes
Western Calif.

Xorides (Xorides) pictus Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 2): 505. ♀.

Xorides planus Townes
Colo., Ariz.

Xorides (Xorides) plaiius Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 2):511. ♂, ♀.

Xorides rileyi (Ashmead)
N. Y. s. to n. Fla., w. to Minn, and Mo. Host: Anoplodera nitens (Forster)?,
Phymatodes aereus (Newm.), P. testaceus (L.), Physocnemum andreae (Hald.),
Xylotrechus colonus (¥.), buprestid? in black oak, borer under willow bark.
Xylonomus rileyi Ashmead, 1889. In Fox, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 2: 197. Nomen

nudum.
Xylo7iomus rileyi Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 450. 9. The
type-locality is presumably Kirkwood, Mo. because notes in the U. S. Natl. Museum
pertaining to the number on the label of the holotype (Bureau of Entomology no. 2384)
say: "parasite (and its cocoon) border [sic; presumably borer] under willow bark, April
20, 1880, from Miss Murtfeldt."
Xylonomus (Xylonomus) nificoxis Rohwer, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 45 (no. 1986): 354. ♀.
Xylonomus (Xylonomus) lepturae Rohwer, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 45 (no. 1991): 534. ♀.

Xorides rudis Townes
Eastern Calif. Known only from the holotype.

Xorides (Xorides) rudis Townes, 1960. bi Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 2): 510. 9..

Xorides semirufus Townes
Northern Fla. Known only from the holotype.

Xorides (Xorides) semirufus Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216 (pt. 2): 506. ♀.

Xorides stigmapterus
***authority mismatch
floridanus (Ashmead). Northwestern S. C, s.e. Ga., n. Fla., s.e. Tex.
Xylonomus floridanus Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 451. ♀.




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Xorides stigmapterus
***authority mismatch
stigmapterus (Say). Newfoundland (Labrador), n. Man., n. B. C, and s. Alaska s.

to n.w. S. C, Iowa, e. N. Dak., and central Alta. Host: Anoplodera proximo (Say),

Dryobms sexnotatus Linsley?
AcoeniUis stigmapterus Say, 1824. In Keating, Narr. Long's 2nd Exped., v. 2 (App.), p.

325. ♀.
Xylonomiis tartarus Morley, 1913. Fauna Brit. India, Hym., v. 3, p. 78. 9. According to

Townes (1961) the holotype is erroneously labeled "India," which is presumed to be an

error for Indiana.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 113, 175.

Subfamily CRYPTINAE

This is the largest of ichneumonid subfamilies. Townes (1970) recognized 307 genera which he
divided among three tribes, the Hemitelini (= Gelini), the Aptesini (=Echthrini), and the Cryp-
tini (= Mesostenini). Most Cryptinae are external parasites.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12, 537 pp. (genera of world).

Tribe HEMITELINI

This tribe includes most of the smaller Cryptinae. Many of the species oviposit into the egg
cocoons of spiders or cocoons of beneficial insects such as Chrysopidae, Braconidae, or other
Ichneumonidae. Species of a number of genera attack the puparia or larvae of cyclorrhaphous
Diptera.

Subtribe CHIROTICINA

Most of the species of this subtribe occur in the tropics or subtropics. There are 18 genera, but
only the worldwide genus Chirotica has Nearctic species.

Genus CHIROTICA Foerster

Chirotica Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 173.

Type-species: Hemiteles insigiiis Gravenhorst. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Schmiedeknecht, 1897.
AUocota Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 173. Preocc. by Motschoulsky,
1860.

Type-species: AUocota confederatae Ashmead. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Ashmead, 1896.
Spinolia Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 173. Preocc. by Dahlbom,
1854; Costa, 1858; and Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863.

Type-species: Hemiteles maculipennis Gravenhorst. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Schmiedeknecht, 1897.
Syneches Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 173. Preocc. by Walker, 1852.
Type-species: Hemiteles thyridopteryx Riley. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Ashmead, 1900^
Diaglypta Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 176.

Type-species: Diaglypta radiata Ashmead. By subsequent monotypy from inclusion
by Ashmead, 1895.
Deuterospinolia Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym. v. 3, p. 678. N. name for Spinolia Foerster.
Hymenosyneches Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 149. N. name for Syneches

Foerster.
Aphadnus Cameron, 1907. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 20: 26.

Type-species: Aphadnus rufipes Cameron. Monotypic. A. rufipes is regarded as a
synonym of Chirotica decorata (Tosquinet), which is one of the intermediate
species tending to merge Chirotica and Paraphylax Foerster (see Townes, 1970).

Between 1944 and 1962 the name Phobetes Foerster was used for this genus in North Amer-
ica. Perkins' (1962) correction of the type-species of Phobetes from Phobetes albinopennis Davis
to Tryphon fuscicomis Holmgren transferred the name Phobetes to the Ctenopelmatinae, Eu-




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ryproctini. A similar correction also made by Perkins (1962), regarding the type-species of
Chirotica, resulted in Cliirutica being removed from synonymy with Gelis to take its present ap-
plication.
Members of this genus parasitize Psychidae.

Taxonomy: Perkins, 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 11: 389, 413-414, 445. -Townes,
1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 12: 21.

Chirotica confederatae (Ashmead)
Fla., Mo., La.; Cuba, Guatemala, Honduras. Host: Astala confederata
(Grt.), Cryptothelea mgrita (B. and M.).
Hemiteles alaefasciatus Riley, 1890. In Riley and Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 3:

153. Nomen nudum.
Allocota confederatae Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 208. ♀.

Chirotica conspicua (Cresson)
N. C, Tex. Host: Psychid.

Hemiteles conspicuus Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 161. ♀.

Taxonomy: Walley, 1941. Canad. Ent. 73: 165.

Chirotica sheppardi (Walley)
Que., Ont., Fla., Idaho, B. C, Wash. Host: Hyaloscotes pithopoera (Dyar).

Allocota sheppardi Walley, 1941. Canad. Ent. 73: 165. ♀.

Chirotica thyridopteryx (Riley)
Mass. s. to Fla., w. to S. Dak. and s. Calif.; Mexico. Host: Astala

edwardsii (Heyl.), Cryptothelea gloveri (Pack.), C. nigrita (B. and M.), Oiketicus abbotii
Grt., Thyridopteryx ephemeraeforr)iis (Haw.). Three to six individuals emerge from a
single host.
Hemiteles^ thyridopteryx Riley, 1869. Mo. State Ent., Ann. Rpt. 1: 150. ♀, ♂.
Hemiteles thyridopterigis Riley, 1881. U. S. Ent. Comn., Bui. 6: 65. Emend.
Phobefes albinopennis Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 311. ♂.
Hemiteles thyridopterigis var. lencozonatus Ashmead, 1890. In Riley and Howard, U. S.

Dept. Agr., Insect Life 3: 152. Nomen nudum.
Hemiteles thyridopterigis v&r.fnscns Riley, 1890. In Riley and Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr.,
Insect Life 3: 152. Nomen nudum.

Biology: Balduf, 1937. Ent. Soc Wash., Proc 39: 177-178.

Subtribe ACROLYTINA

Some members of this subtribe commonly oviposit into the cocoons of Braconidae or other
Ichneumonidae. It is possible that some species may at least occasionally be primary parasites of
cocoon spinning Lepidoptera, but I am not aware of information establishing this as fact.

Genus CORMOBIUS Townes

Cormobius Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 32.

Type-species: Cormobius tenuis Townes. Monotypic and orig. desig.

There are two undescribed Nearctic species.

Cormobius tenuis Townes
Md., S. C. Ecology: Two females (holotype and one paratype) were found
crawling over the bark of a large standing dead Quercus.
Cormobius tenuis Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 32. ♀.

Genus ENCRATEOLA Strand

Encrates Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 180. Preocc. by Gistel, 1848.
Type-species: Hemiteles (Encrafis[!]y) sHbi7npressus Brischke. By subsequent
monotypy from inclusion by Brischke, 1892. The type-species is considered to be a
synonym of Encrateola laevigata (Ratzeburg).
Encrateola Strand, 1916. Arch. f. Naturgesch. (Abt. A) 81 (5): 77. N. name for Encrates
Foerster.
laevigata longicornis (Provancher). Que., N. H., N. Y., Wash., Oreg. E. laevigata laevigata
(Ratzeburg) occurs in Europe.
Hemiteles longicornis Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13: 361. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 12: 34. —Barron, 1975. Nat Canad.
102: 498 (lectotype selection).




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Genus EUDELUS Foerster

Eudelvs Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 179.

Type-species: Hemiteles scabriculus Thomson. Monotypically included and desig. by
Perkins, 1962.
Idemum Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 179.

Type-species: Hemiteles (Idemum) crassiformis Viereck. By subsequent monotypy
from inclusion by Viereck, 1917.
Calliphrunis Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 210.

Type-species: Calliphnirus ffraimlostis Davis. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Davis, 1898.

Eudelus crassiformis (Viereck)
Conn.

Hemiteles (Idemum) crassiformis Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist.
Survey Bui. 22: 339-340. ♂.

Eudelus granulosus (Davis)
111.

Calliphnirus granulosus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 290. ♂.

Genus ISDROMAS Foerster

Phatnacra Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 179.

Type-species: Hemiteles (Phat^iacra) Monterai Lima. By subsequent monotypy
from inclusion by Lima, 1948.
Isdromas Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 179.

Type-species: Acrolyta aletiae Ashmead. By subsequent monotypy from inclusion
by Ashmead, 1900.
Larsephna Cameron, 1903. Entomologist 36: 97.

Type-species: Larsephna varipes Cameron. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Daictimorpha Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 636.

Type-species: Daictimorpha peruviana Viereck. Monotypic and orig. desig.

Isdromas lycaenae (Howard)
Pa. s. to Ala., w. to Iowa and Tex. Host: Apanteles aletiae Riley, A.
congregatus (Say), Meteorus sp., Campoletis sp., Hyposoter fugitivus (Say).
Hemiteles lycaenae Howard, 1889. In Scudder, Butterflies East. U. S. and Canada, v. 3, p.

1880. ♀.
Hemiteles aletiae Riley, 1890 (1889). In Ashmead, U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 401. Nomen

nudum.
Hemiteles bticculatHcis Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 401. ♀.
Hemiteles gracilariae Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. : 401. ♀.
Orthopelma bedelliae Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 415. ♂.
Hemiteles selmae Riley, 1890. In Riley and Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 3: 153.

Nomen nudum.
Acrolyta aletiae Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 209. ♀, ♂.
Sychnoporthusd) tuckeri Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 315. ♀.

Genus ACROLYTA Foerster

Acrolyta Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 174.

Type-species: Acrolyta empretiae Ashmead. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from three
species included by Ashmead, 1896.
Rhadinocera Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 177.

Type-species: Hemiteles (Rhadinocera) algonquinus Viereck. By subsequent
monotypy from inclusion by Viereck, 1917.
Mosia Seyrig, 1952. Acad. Malgache, Mem. 39: 69.

Type-species: Mosia crassicomis Seyrig. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Parhemiteles Seyrig, 1952. Acad. Malgache, Mem. 39: 82.

Type-species: Parhemiteles flaviger Seyrig. Orig. desig.

Acrolyta alticola (Ashmead)
Colo., Wash. Host: Apanteles sp.

Hemiteles alticola Ashmead, 1890. Colo. Biol. Assoc, Bui. 1: 22. ♀.




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Acrolyta mesochori Ashmead
Conn., Pa., N. C, S. C, Ark. Host: Apanteles congregatus (Say).

Ashmead gave D. C. as the type locality, but the syntypes were actually sent to Riley

from Norwalk, Conn, by D. N. Couch.
Hemiteles mesoclioridis Riley, 1890. In Riley and Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 3:

153. Nomen nudum.
Acrolyta ynesoclwri Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 208. ♀.

Acrolyta nigricapitata (Cook and Davis)
Que. s. to Tenn., w. to Iowa. Host: Apanteles melanoscelus

(Ratz.), Meteorus communis (Cr.).
Hemiteles minutus Riley, 1890. In Riley and Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 3: 153.

Nomen nudum.
Hemiteles laticinctus Riley, 1890. In Riley and Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 3:

153. Nomen nudum.
Mesocho-nis microgasteris Riley, 1890. In Riley and Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life

3: 156. Nomen nudum.
Ischnocems nigricapitatus Cook and Davis, 1891. Mich. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 73: 11. 2.
Acrolyta empretiae Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 209. ♀.
Hemiteles laticinctus Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 210. ♂.
Hemiteles (Rhadinocera) algonquinus Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat.

Hist. Survey Bui. 22: 340. ♂.

Biology: Muesebeck and Dohanian, 1927. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bui. 1487: 15.

Acrolyta washingtonensis (Cushman)
Maine, N. H., N. Y., Mich. Townes (1970) placed this species as a
synonym of alticola, but I have examined the holotypes of both and doubt that he is
correct.
Stiboscopus washingtonensis Ashmead, 1906. In Slosson, Ent. News 17: 324. Nomen

nudum.
Hemiteles {Isdromas) washingtonensis Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (8): 14. ♀.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 40.

Genus INDOVIA Seyrig

Indovia Seyrig, 1952. Acad. Malgache, Mem. 39: 132.

Type-species: Indovia decorata Seyrig. Orig. desig.

Townes (1970) synonymized Indovia with Stiboscopus Foerster, but a correction of the
type-species of Stiboscopus from Stiboscopus thoracicus Ashmead to Hemiteles mandibularis
Provancher makes Stiboscopus a synonym of Lysibia (which see). Heviiteles pinifoliae Cushman
and Alegina laricellae Mason, which were placed in Stiboscopus by Townes, do not belong in hi-
dovia and are here left in the subtribe Mastrina where they are placed provisionally in Mastrus.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 65-66.

Indovia maculithorax (Ashmead)
n. comb. Fla.; Puerto Rico, Virgin Isls., Lesser Antilles. Host:

Apanteles sp. There is a specimen in the U. S. Natl. Mus. collection which was reared
from an Apanteles cocoon in 1927 at Sanford, Fla. by W. E. Stone.
Hemiteles maculithorax Ashmead, 1895. Zool. Soc. London, Proc. 65: 780. ♂.
Stiboscopus thoracicus Ashmead, 1890. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 48: 267. ♀, ♂.

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1966. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: 55 (syn.).

Genus NEOPIMPLA Ashmead

Neopimpla Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 56.

Type-species: Neopimpla abbottii Ashmead. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Cyrtobasis Cushman, 1919. Ent. Soc Wash., Proc. 21: 114. N. syn.

Type-species: Cyrtobasis rogae Cushman. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Microceratops Seyrig, 1952. Acad. Malgache, Mem. 39: 88. N. syn.

Type-species: Microceratops dentifrons Seyrig. Monotypic and orig. desig.




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Townes (1971) erroneously placed Neopimpla as a synonym of Astornaspis Foerster and
declared that the type locality of N. abbottii Ashmead is Zululand in South Africa by virtue of
his synonymizing abbottii with Caenopivipla crassa Morley (1926). However, the handwritten
manuscript of Ashmead's (1900) classification of the Ichneumonoidea shows that his parentheti-
cal citation "Africa" was intended for Hevnpi7)ipla Saussure and not Neopivtpla. Ashmead's
use of the name abbottii for the type-species of Neopimpla was apparently a lapsus for the
name he really intended and was caused by his confusion with his genus Erythropimpla
(type-species: E. abbottii Ashmead). The only specimens ever to be found bearing a label with
the name N<'<)pinipla in Ashmead's handwriting are two of Cushman's paratypes of Cyrtubanis
rogoe. As noted by Cushman, these specimens run to Neopimpla in Ashmead's key to the
Pimplini.

Taxonomy: Cushman, 1919. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 21: 116. —Townes, 1971. Ent. Soc. Wash.,
Proc. 73: 445.

Neopimpla bicarinata (Riley)
n. comb. 111. , Mo., Kans., Colo. Host: Rogas sp.

Polijspliiyicta bicarinata Riley, 1871. Mo. State Ent, Ann. Rpt. 3: 71. ♂.
Neopimpla abbottii Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 56. ♀. N. syn.
Cyrtobasis rogae Cushman, 1919. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 21: 115. ♀.

Genus DIAGLYPTIDEA Viereck

Diaglyptidea Viereck, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 46: 371.

Type-species: Diaglyptidea roepkei Viereck. Monotypic and orig. desig.

Diaglyptidea lavoiei (Provancher)
Que., Maine, N. H., N. Y., Mich., Wis.

Phiiadenon Lavoiei Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13: 353. ♀.
Hemiteles pallipennis Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13: 360. ♀, ♂.

Genus LYSIBIA Foerster

Pemon Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 174.

Type-species: Pemon proxiynum Perkins. Monotypically included and desig. by
Perkins, 1962.
Lysibia Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 175.

Type-species: Hemiteles jidvipes Gravenhorst. Desig. by Townes, Momoi, and
Townes, 1965 from three species included by Townes, Townes, and Gupta, 1961.
The type-species is regarded as a junior synonym of Lysibia nana (Gravenhorst).
The designation of nana as type-species by Perkins (1962) is invalid because
nana was not among the species included by Townes, Townes, and Gupta (1961).
Stiboscppns Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 182. N. syn.

Type-species: Hemiteles ynandibularis Provancher. By subsequent monotypy from
incl ision by [Ashmead in] Slosson, 1896. Viereck (1911, 1914) and Perkins (1962)
incorrectly believed Ashmead (1900) to be the oldest inclusion of species in
Stiboscopus; consequently, Viereck's designation of Stiboscopiis thoracicus
Ashmead as the type-species of Stiboscopus is invalid.
Haplaspis Townes, 1944. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 190. N. syn.

■Type-species: Hemiteles mandibularis Provancher. Orig. desig.

Between 1914 and 1944 the name Astornaspis Foerster was applied to this genus in the belief
that Hemiteles fiilvipes Gravenhorst was its type-species. In 1944 Townes corrected this error,
but he made another in describing Astomaspis of authors as the new genus Haplaspis while
overlooking the fact that the name Stiboscopus should have been applied instead; it should have
occurred to him to investigate this possibility because of the fact that the combination
"Stiboscopus mandibularis Slosson, ... 1896" is given in his synonymy for mandibularis
(Provancher). Since 1961 the name Lysibia has been appHed to this genus, and I here suppress
Stiboscopus as a synonym of Lysibia because I have been urged not to suppress Lysibia.
Stiboscopus sensu Townes (1970) and Townes and Townes (1973) was a confused mixture of spe-
cies; the two Nearctic species, Hemiteles pinifoliae Cushman and Alegina laricellae Mason, be-
long in the subtribe Mastrina (i.e. where Townes had placed Stiboscopus) where I am placing
them provisionally in the genus Mastrus; the other three species belong in Indovia, which is
here placed in the subtribe Acrolytina.




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Taxonomy: Slosson, 1896. Ent. News 7: 264 (the combination "Stiboscopus mandibularis
Prov." was almost certainly provided by Ashmead rather than Davis and was the first
inclusion of a species in Stiboscopus). — Viereck, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 40: 193
(incorrect designation of Stiboscopus thoracicus Ashmead as type-species of Stiboscopus).
—Viereck, 1914. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 83: 138 (oversight of first inclusion of species in
Stiboscopus as well as type-species designation by Viereck, 1911). — Townes, Townes, and
Gupta, 1961. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 1: 123 (first inclusion of species in Lysibia).
—Perkins, 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 11: 436, 453. -Townes, 1970 (1969).
Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 65. —Townes and Townes, 1973. Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 19: 76.

Lysibia mandibularis (Provancher)
Que. s. to N. C, w. to Oreg. and Calif. Host: Apanteles glomeratus
(L.), A. longricomis (Prov.), A. 7nelanoscelus (Ratz.), A. scitulus Riley, A. xylinus (Say),
A. yakutatensis Ash., Microplitus gortynae Riley. According to Townes and Townes
(1951) the Gravenhorst names fulvipes and nana have been erroneously applied to this
Nearctic species (L. nana being Palearctic).
Hemiteles mandibularis Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 315. ♀.

Acrolyta sjneriiithi Ashmead, 1900. In Smith, N. J. State Bd. Agr., Ann. Rpt. 27, sup., p.
569. Nomen nudum.

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1951. U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 238.

Biology: Muesebeck and Dohanian, 1927. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 1487: 14 (asfulvipes, misdet.).
— Cushman, 1928. N. Y. (Cornell) Agr. Expt. Sta., Mem. 101: 929 (as 7iana, misdet.).

Subtribe HEMITELINA

Genus PLEUROGYRUS Townes

Pleurogyrus Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 44.
Type-species: Hemiteles hungerfordi Cushman. Orig. desig.

Members of this genus parasitize Gyrinidae which attach their pupal cases to the stems of
aquatic plants a few inches above the water line.

Biology: Butcher, 1933. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 26: 79-82.
cheboyg:anen8is (Butcher). Mich. Host: Gyrinus sp.

Hemiteles cheboyganensis Butcher, 1933. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 26: 77. ♀.

Pleurogyrus hungerfordi (Cushman)
Mich. Host: Gyrinus sp.

Hemiteles hungerfordi Cushman, 1930 (1929). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 76 (25): 4. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Butcher, 1933. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 26: 79.

Genus OBISIPHAGA Morley

Obisiphaga Morley, 1907. Brit. Ichn., v. 2, p. 59.

Type-species: Aptesis stenoptera Marshall. Monotypic.

According to Townes (1970) an undescribed species apparently belonging to this genus occurs
in the northwestern U. S. The European 0. stenoptera has been reared from the egg nests of a
pseudoscorpion, Obisiu7}i sp.

Genus AROTREPHES Townes

Arotrephes Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 45.
Type-species: Cryptus p^ls^llus Cresson. Orig. desig.

Arotrephes mitralis (Provancher)
Que.

Platylabus initralis Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. S7. ♀.

Arotrephes pusillus (Cresson)
Mass., N. Y., Md., 111. Ecology: Occurs in marshy meadows.
Cryptus pusillus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 302.

Genus XIPHULCUS Townes

Xiphulcus Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 46.




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Type-species: Hemiteles longidus Thomson. Orig. desig. The type-species is
regarded as a synonym of x.floricolator (Gravenhorst).

Townes said "this is a moderate sized genus [he knew 15 species], of Holarctic distribution,"
but the Nearctic species known to him are apparently undescribed.

Taxonomy: Horstmann, 1974. Mus. Natl. Hungarici, Ann. Hist.-Nat. 66: 344 (European spp.).

Genus HEMITELES Gravenhorst

Hemiteles Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 780.

Type-species: Hemiteles tristator Gravenhorst. Desig. by Westwood, 1840. The
type-species is considered to be a synonym of H. bipunctator (Thunberg).
Ocymorus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 180.

Type-species: Hemiteles cingulator Gravenhorst. Monotypically included and desig.
by Townes, 1944. The type-species is considered to be a synonym of H.
bipunctator (Thunberg).

Members of this genus apparently parsitize spider egg cocoons.

Hemiteles humeralis Provancher
Que. w. to Minn., s. to Tex.

Hemiteles humeralis Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 333. ♀.

Stilpms appendiculatus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 44.

cJ.

Genus ACLASTUS Foerster

Microplex Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 175.

Type-species: Aclastus rufipes Ashmead. By subsequent monotypy from inclusion
by Roman, 1909.
Daetora Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 175.

Type-species: Hemiteles soiutus Thomson. Monotypically included and desig. by
Perkins, 1962.
Aclastus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 175.

Type-species: Aclastus rufipes Ashmead. By subsequent monotypy from inclusion
by Ashmead, 1902.
Opisthostenus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 175.

Type-species: Hemiteles (Opisthostenus) etorofuensis Uchida. By subsequent
monotypy from inclusion by Uchida, 1936.

Aclastus flagellatus (Davis)
Colo., Alta., Wash.

Proclitus Jlagellatus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 246. ♂.

Aclastus gracilis (Thomson)
Greenland: Eurasia.

Hemiteles gracilis Thomson, 1884. Opusc. Ent. 10: 989. ♀, ♂.
Hemiteles soiutus Thomson, 1884. Opusc. Ent. 10: 990. ♂, ♀.
Hemiteles minutus Bridgman, 1886. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 34: 340. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Roman, 1916. Arkiv. for Zool. 10 (7): 6-7. —Roman, 1925 (1924). Arkiv. for Zool
17A (4): 14-15. — Jussila, 1965. Univ. Turku., Ann. (A, II) 34: 153.

Aclastus karlukensis (Ashmead)
Alaska.

Acrolyta karlukensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 186. ♀.

Aclastus nigritus (Ashmead)
Alaska; e. U. S. S. R.

Stibeutes nigrita Ashmead, 1899 (1898). In Jordan, Fur Seals and Fur-seal Isls. No. Pacific,

v. 4, p. 338. ♀.
Spinolia minuta Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 186. ♀. Preocc. in Aclastus by
Bridgman, 1886.

Aclastus rufipes (Ashmead)
Alaska.

Stiboscopus alaskeiisis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 171. ♀.
Acrolyta aciculata Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 186. ♂.
Aclastus rufipes Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 187. ♀.




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Genus POLYAULON Foerster

Polyaulon Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 171.

Type-species: Polyaulon incertus Foerster. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from 12 species
included by Foerster, 1871.
Myersia Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 575.

Type-species: Myersia laniinata Viereck. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Thaumatotypidea Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 577.

Type-species: Cremnodes hiberculatus Ashmead. Orig. desig.
Rhacodopteron Capek, 1956. Zool. Listy 5: 285. The author placed the genus in the
Braconidae.

Type-species: Rhacodopteron stiavnicense Capek. Monotypic and orig. desig.

Polyaulon bimaculatus (Ashmead)
Ind.

Orthopelma bimaculatum Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 416. ♂.

Polyaulon canadensis (Harrington)
B. C.

Cremnodes canadensis Harrington, 1894. Canad. Ent. 26: 213. ♀.

Taxonomy: Strickland, 1912. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 5: 115.

Polyaulon erythropa Ashmead
Va.

Orthopelma erythropa Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 416. ♂.

Polyaulon grandis (Cushman)
B. C.

Myersia grandis Cushman, 1921. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 23: 110. ♀.

Polyaulon koebelei (Cushman)
Wash., Oreg.

Thaumatotypidea koebelei Cushman, 1921. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 23: 112. ♂.

Polyaulon laminatus (Viereck)
Que. s. to Fla., w. to Ohio and Ala.

Myersia laminata Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 576. ♀.

Myersia pallida Cushman, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 522. ♀.

Myersia johnsoni Cushman, 1921. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 23: 110. ♀.

Myersia harringtoni Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57: 73. ♀.

Taxonomy: Cushman, 1921. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 23: 110.

Polyaulon niger (Viereck)
B. C.

Myersia nigra Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57: 73. ♂.

Polyaulon spinulatus (Strickland)
Conn.

Thaumatotypus spinulatus Strickland, 1912. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 5: 116. ♀.

Polyaulon tuberculatus (Ashmead)
Mont, Alaska, Calif. Host: Spider egg cocoon.

Cremnodes tuberculatiis Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 211. ♀.
Cremnodes alaskensis Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 211. ♀.

Taxonomy: Strickland, 1912. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 5: 115.

Subtribe GNYPETOMORPHINA

Genus ANUROTROPUS Cushman

Anurotropus Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 64 (4): 4.

Type-species: Anurotropus minutus Cushman. Monotypic and orig. desig.

Anurotropus minutus Cushman
Conn., Ga., Mich., 111., Minn.

Anurotropus minutus Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 64 (4): 5. ♂, ♀.

Subtribe GELINA

Genus XENOLYTUS Foerster

Xenolytus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 174.

Type-species: Xenolytus nifipes Cameron. By subsequent monotypy from inclusion
by Cameron, 1906.
Stemocryptus Roman, 1925 (1924). Arkiv for Zool. 17A (4): 12.

Type-species: Cryptus bitinctus Gravenhorst. Monotypic and orig. desig. Cryptus

Xenolytus bitinctus
***authority mismatch
Gravenhorst is an identification of Ichneumon bitinctus Gmelin.




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Xenolytus bitinctus (Gmelin)
Maine, Ont., B. C, Calif.; Eurasia, New Zealand, Australia, Africa. Ecology:
In England commonly found in warehouses, granaries, feedstores, and flour mills where
it was most frequently associated with Tinea pallescentella Stainton, Endrosis
sarcitrella (L.), and Hofniannophila pseudospretella (Stainton); a series was also reared
from a birds nest (Richards, 1949). Adventive.

Ichneumon bitinctus Gmelin, 1790. In Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 13, v. 1, pt. 5, p. 2719. ♀.

Ichneumon expidsor Thunberg, 1922; 1924. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem. 8:
263; 9: 316. ♀.

Cryptus apicalis Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 574. ♀.

Phygadenon liniatus Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. PhDa., Proc. 30: 358. ♀.

Hemiteles occidentalis Harrington, 1894. Canad. Ent. 26: 213. ♀.

Hemiteles destmctivus Cameron, 1898. Manchester Lit. and Phil. Soc, Mem. and Proc. 42
(1):26. ♀.

Bathymetis antipoda Ashmead, 1900. Ent. News 11: 624. ♀.

Xenolytus nifipes Cameron, 1906. So. African Mus., Ann. 5: 154. ♀.

Taxonomy: Roman, 1912. Zool. Bidr. Uppsala 1: 254 (syn.). — Schmiedeknecht, 1932. Opusc.
Ichn., Sup., fasc. 14, p. 41 (syn.). — Townes, Townes, and Gupta, 1961. Amer. Ent. Inst.,
Mem. 1: 125 (syn.). —Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 52 (syn.).

Biology: Richards, 1949. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc. (Ser. B [Taxonomy]) 18:. 25-28
(speculation concerning hosts).

Xenolytus subspinosus (Provancher)
Que., N. Y., Alta.

Hemiteles subspinosus Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 333. ♀.

Genus DICHROGASTER Doumerc

Dichrogaster Doumerc, 1955. Soc. Ent. de France, Bui. (in Ann.) (3) 3: LXXXVIII.
Type-species: Microgaster perlae Doumerc; Monotypic. The type-species is
considered to be a synonym of D. aestivalis (Gravenhorst).
Otactistes Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 174.

Type-species: Otacustes atriceps Ashmead. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from two
species included by Ashmead, 1894.
Microtorus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Verh. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 178.

Type-species: Microtorus kichijoi Uchida. Desig. by Townes, 1957 from two species
included by Uchida, 1940.
Xenobrachys Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 179.

Type-species: Hemiteles longicaudatus Thomson. Monotypically included and desig.
by Perkins, 1962.
Brachycephalus Foerster, 1868. aturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 179. Preocc. by
Fitzinger, 1826; Hollard, 1857; and Signoret, 1866.

Type-species: Hemiteles aestivalis Gravenhorst. Desig. by Townes, 1944 from four
species included by Roman, 1925.
Brachycranium Ashmead, 1900. Canad. Ent. 32: 368. N. name for Brachycephalus

Foerster.
Chrysopoctonus Cushman, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 518.
Type-species: Otacustes atriceps Ashmead. Orig. desig.

Members of this genus parasitize cocoons of Chrysopidae and Hemerobiidae.
Revision: Horstmann, 1973. Ent. Scand. 4: 65-72 (European spp.).
Taxonomy: Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 64 (4): 1 (key to N. Amer. spp.).

Dichrogaster bicolor (Cushman)
Fla. Host: Nodita pavida (Hagen).

Chrysopoctonus bicolor Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 64 (4): 1. ♂, ♀.

Dichrogaster chrysopae
***authority mismatch
chrysopae (Ashmead). rev. status. Del., N. C, S. C, Fla., Miss. Host: Chrysopa

bimaculata McCL., C. cubana Hagen, C. oculata Say, C. rufilabris Burm., C. sanchezi
Navas.
Otacustes chrysopae Ashmead, 1894. U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 7: 243. ♂.
Otacustes atriceps Ashmead, 1894. U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 7: 244. ♀.




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Dichrogaster chrysopae
***authority mismatch
patruelis (Cushman). Ariz., B. C. s. to Calif. Host: Chrysopa plorabmida Fitch.

Chrysopoctonus patruelis Cushman, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 520. ♂, ♀.

Dichrogaster crassa (Provancher)
Que. s. to D. C, w. to Oreg. Host: Chrysopa harrisii Fitch,C. nigriconiis

Burm., C. plorabunda Fitch, C. mfilabris Burm., Heynerobins sp. I believe that Townes

and Townes (1951) were incorrect in treating chrysopae (Ashmead) and chrysopae

Dichrogaster patruelis (Cushman)
as subspecies of crassa.
Hemiteles crassus Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13: 361. ♂.
Hemiteles rileyi Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 402. ♂.
Hemiteles hemerobii Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 404. ♂.
Hemiteles hemerobiicola (!) Riley and Howard, 1890. U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 3: 153.
Hemiteles nifiventris Riley, 1890. In Riley and Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 3:

153. Nomen nudum.
Hemiteles euryptychiae Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 210. 9. The correct

data for the holotype of euryptychiae were cited by Riley under the above nomen

nudum, rufiventris.
Hemiteles {Otacustes) cressoniformis Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat.

Hist. Survey Bui. 22: 339, 340. ♀.

Taxonomy: Cushman, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 520. —Townes and Townes, 1951. U. S.
Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 235.

Genus GELIS Thunberg

Gelis Thunberg, 1827. Soc. Sci. Upsala, Nov. Acta 9: 199.

Type-species: Mutilla acaroruvi Linnaeus. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Pezomachus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 867.

Type-species: Mutilla acaroruvi Linnaeus. Desig. by Curtis, 1835.
Pezolochus Foerster, 1850. Arch. f. Naturgesch. 16 (1): 71.

Type-species: Pezolochus rufipes Foerster. Monotypic.
Hemimachus Ratzeburg, 1852. Ichn. d. Forstins., v. 3, p. 157.

Type-species: Hemimachus fasciatus Ratzeburg. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Thaumatotypus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 172.

Type-species: Thaumatotypus femoralis Brischke. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Brischke, 1881.
Plesiomma Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 176. Preocc. by Macquart,
1838. Placed as a synonym of Gelis by Townes (1970), but no species have ever been
included.
Alegina Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 176.

Type-species: Algi7ia(l) alaske^isis Ashmead. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Ashmead, 1902.
Rhadiurgus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 177. Preocc. by Loew,
1849.

Type-species: Hemiteles bicolorinus Gravenhorst. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Uchida, 1933 (June). The type-species is considered to be a synonym
of Gelis cinctus (Linnaeus).
Aschistus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 177.

Type-species: Hemimachus variabilis Ratzeburg. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from two
species included by Brischke, 1891. The type-species is considered to be a
synonym of Gelis cursitaiis (Fabricius).
Blapsidotes Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 177.

Type-species: Hemiteles melanarius Gravenhorst. Monotypically included and desig.
by Perkins, 1962.
Philonygmus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 177.

Type-species: Philonygus{\) alaskensis Ashmead. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from two
species included by Ashmead, 1902.
Barydotira Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 178.

Type-species: Barydotira hammari Viereck. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Viereck, 1912.
Ilapinastes Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 179.




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Type-species: Heniiteles davidsonii Ashmead. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Ashmead, 1896.
Urithreptus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 180. According to Perkins
(1962) a male specimen of Gelis (species still unidentified) in the Foerster collection
bears the name Urithrephis. No species included.
Terpiphora Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 185.

Type-species: Alegina alaskensis Ashmead. Monotypically included and desig. by
Viereck, 1914.
Micromeson Strickland, 1912. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 5: 137.

Type-species: Micromeson annulatum Strickland. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Pezomachus subg. M ymiicomorpha Viereck, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 44: 566.

Type-species: Pezomachus {Myrmicom.orpka) pemiciosus Viereck. Monotypic and
orig. desig.
Gelis subg. Leptogelis Ceballos, 1925. Eos 1: 155.

Type-species: Gelis (Leptogelis) ariasi Ceballos. Desig. by Townes, 1944.
Thaumatogelis Kupka, 1933. In Schmiedeknecht, Opusc. Ichn., Sup., fasc. 17, p. 7-8. Name

invalid; type-species not designated.
Gelis subg. Cryptogelis Hellen, 1944. Notulae Ent. 24: 2. Name invalid; type-species not

designated.
Gelis subg. Holcogelis Aubert, 1957. Muenchen. Ent. Gesell., Mitt. 47: 226.

Type-species: Pezomachus comiptor Foerster. Orig. desig.
Arctodenon Hellen, 1967. Notulae Ent. 47: 100.

Type-species: Hemiteles glacialis Holmgren. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Rhadiurginus Hellen, 1967. Notulae Ent. 47: 109. N. name for Rhadiurgus Foerster.

Members of this genus are particularly well known as hyperparasites which attack the
cocoons of Braconidae or other Ichneumonidae, but there are also many species which attack the
egg cocoons of spiders. Apparently, some species of Gelis can sometimes be primary parasites in
the cocoons of sawflies or small Lepidoptera.

Revision: Strickland, 1912. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 5: 113-140 (of very limited use).

Taxonomy: Perkins, 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 11: 462. —Townes, 1970 (1969).
Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 53-55.

Gelis aciculatus (Strickland)
Tex.

Pezomachus foersteri Brues, 1910. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 8: 69. ♀. Preocc. by Bridgman,

1886.
Pezomachus aciculatus Strickland, 1912. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 5: 136. N. name for

foersteri Brues.

Gelis alegininus Carlson
n. name. Alaska.

Stiboscopus solitarius Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 172. ♂. Preocc. in Gelis by

Foerster, 1850. Because all of its known synonyms are also preocc, solitarius Ashmead

is here given the new name alegininus in reference to its synonymy with the

type-species of Alegina.
AlginaC-) alaske7isis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 188. ♀. Preocc. in Gelis by

Ashmead, 1890.
Philonygusd) alaskensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 189. ♂. Preocc. in Gelis

by Ashmead, 1890 and Ashmead, 1902, p. 188.
Ilapinastes incertus Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 190. ♂. Preocc. in Gelis by

Foerster, 1850.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 53.
aiogus (Viereck). Kans.

Pezomachus alogus Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 321. ♂.

Gelis alternatus (Cresson)
111.

Pezomachus alternatus Cresson, 1872. Canad. Ent. 4: 64. ♀.

Gelis annulatus (Strickland)
Pa., Md., Tex. Host: Spider eggs.

Micromeson annulatuyn Strickland, 1912. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 5: 137. ♀.

Gelis apantelis Cushman
N. H., Mass., N. Y. Host: Apanteles melanoscehis (Ratz.).

Gelis apantelis Cushman, 1927. Jour. Agr. Res. 34: 454. ♂, ♀.




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Biology: Muesebeck and Dohanian, 1927. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bui. 1487: 16-17.

Gelis atratus (Ashmead)
Colo., Alta., Utah. Host: Apanteles sp.

Pezolochus atrafus Ashmead, 1890. Colo. Biol. Assoc, Bui. 1: 22. ♀.
Pezomachns utahensis Strickland, 1912. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 5: 118. ♀.

Gelis belfragei (Ashmead)
Tex.

Hemiteles belfragei Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 339. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 55.

Gelis bicoloratus (Cresson)
Tex.

Mesoleptus bicoloratus Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 166. ♂.

Gelis birkmani (Brues)
Tex.

Pezomachns Birkmani Brues, 1903. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 121. ♀.

Gelis brevistylus (Strickland)
Pa., N. Y.

Pezomachns brevistylus Strickland, 1912. Ent. Soc Amer., Ann. 5: 119. ♀.

Gelis bruesii (Strickland)
Mass., Pa. Host: Eggs of Gnaphosidae.

Pezomachns obesus Brues, 1910. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 8: 71. 9. Preocc in Gelis by

Ashmead, 1902.
Pezomachns bruesii Strickland, 1912. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 5: 136. N. name for obesus
Brues.

Gelis californicus (Ashmead)
Calif.

Pezomachns californicus Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 12: 421. ♀.

Gelis canadensis (Cresson)
Que., Ont., 111., Mo., Wash.

Pezomachns canadensis Cresson, 1872. Canad. Ent. 4: 62. ♀.

Pezomachns Quebecensis Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 330. ♀.

Gelis caudatus (Rudow)
Iowa. Ecology: Secondary parasite of Callosamia promethea (Drury).

Pezomachns caudatus Rudow, 1917. Ent. Ztschr. 30: 102. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1973. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 19: 362.

Gelis cockerelli (Brues)
Colo.

Pezomachns cockerelli Brues, 1910. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 8: 68. ♀.

Gelis coloradensis (Strickland)
Colo.

Pezomachns coloradensis Strickland, 1912. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 5: 122. ♀.

Gelis columbianus (Ashmead)
D. C. Host: Coleophora sp.

Hemiteles columbiamis Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 402. ♂.

Gelis compactus (Cresson)
111.

Pezomachns compactus Cresson, 1872. Canad. Ent. 6: 63. ♀.

Gelis crassulus (Brues)
Tex.

Pezomachns crass^dus Brues, 1903. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 123. ♀.

Gelis cushmani Carlson
n. name. Maine, N. H., Mass., N. Y., N. C, Wis., Alaska. Host: Apanteles
melanoscelus (Ratz.), Porizon cnpressi (Ashmead), Neodiprion tsugae Midd., Coleophor
laricella (Hbn.).
Hemiteles apantelis Cushman, 1927. Jour. Agr. Res. 34: 453. ♂, ♀. Preocc. in Gelis by
Cushman, 1927, p. 454.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 12: 55.
Biology: Muesebeck and Dohanian, 1927. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 1487: 15.

Gelis davidsonii (Ashmead)
Oreg., Calif. Host: Spider egg cocoon.

Hemiteles davidsonii Ashmead, 1896. In Davidson, Ent. News 7: 320. ♀.

Gelis debilis (Provancher)
Ont.

Hemiteles debilis Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 59. ♂.

Gelis delicatus (Cresson)
Tex.

Mesoleptus delicatus Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 166. ♂.

Gelis dimidiaventris (Rudow)
Iowa. Ecology: Apparently a secondary parasite o{ Papilio polyxenes
F. Rudow apparently confused the name Papilio polyxenes with that of the European




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papilionid, Zerynthia hypermnestra (Scop.), which was known to Rudow by the
synonymous name "Thais polyxena."
Pezomachus dimidiaventris Rudow, 1917. Ent. Ztschr. 30: 102. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1973. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 19: 362.

Gelis delumbis (Brues)
Wash.

Pezomachus delumbis Brues, 1910. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 8: 75. ♀.

Gelis dispar (Strickland)
Pa., Md. Host: Spider eggs.

Pezomachus dispar Strickland, 1912. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 5: 125. ♂, ♀.

Gelis drassi (Riley)
Ohio, Kans., Ariz. Host: Eggs of Gnaphosidae.

Hemiteles drassi Riley, 1892. In Howard, Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 2: 296. ♂.
Pezomachus homalommoides Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 294. ♂.
Pezomachus testaceicoxus Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 322. ♂.

Gelis fenestralis (Brues)
N. H.

Pezomachus fenestralis Brues, 1910. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 8: 71. ♂.
femiginosus (Strickland). B. C, Wash., Oreg. Ecology: Secondary parasite of Neodiprion
tsugae Midd. according to Furniss and Dowden (1941).
Pezomachus insolens Brues, 1910. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 8: 74. ♀. Preocc. by Foerster,

1850.
Pezomachus ferruginostis Strickland, 1912. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 5: 136. N. name for
insolens Brues.

Biology: Furniss and Dowden, 1941. Jour. Econ. Ent. 34: 49.

Gelis foveatus (Brues)
Mass.

Pezomachus foveatus Brues, 1910. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 8: 73. ♂.
g:elechiae (Ashmead). Calif. Ecology: Data files in the U. S. Natl. Museum indicate that

Gelis gelechiae
***authority mismatch
was associated with Gnorimoschema operculella (Zell.) which were infesting
potato tubers.
Exolytus gelechiae Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 397. ♂.

Gelis gracillimus (Dalla Torre)
R. I., N. Y., Pa., Tex.

Pezomachus gracilis Cresson, 1872. Canad. Ent. 4: 63. ♀. Preocc. by Foerster, 1850.
Pezomachus gracillimus Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 624. N. name for ffracilis

Cresson.
Pezomachus angularis Brues, 1903. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 122. ♀.
Pezomachus cressonii Strickland, 1912. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 5: 136. N. name for gracilis
Cresson; cresso7iii Strickland preocc. by Dalla Torre, 1902.

Gelis habilis (Brues)
Mass.

Pezomachus habilis Brues, 1910. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 8: 72. ♀.

Gelis hammari (Viereck)
Mass., Ark. Host: Casebearer on wild grape. Also reared as a secondary
parasite of Acrobasis indigenella (Zell.).
Barydotira hammari Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 584. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 54.

Gelis inermis (Viereck)
N. Mex.

Chirotica inermis Viereck, 1903. In Skinner, Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 83. ♂.

Gelis insolitus (Howard)
D. C. Ecology: Secondary parasite of Orgyia leucostigma (J. E. S.).

Pezomachus insolitus Howard, 1897. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Tech. Ser. 5: 54. ♂.

Gelis inutilis Cushman
Mass., Ohio, 111. Host: Apanteles melanoscelus (Ratz.).

Gelis inutilis Cushman, 1927. Jour. Agr. Res. 34: 455. ♂, ♀.

Biology: Muesebeck and Dohanian, 1927. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bui. 1487: 16.

Gelis keenii (Harrington)
B. C.

Pezomachus Keenii Harrington, 1894. Canad. Ent. 26: 214. ♀.

Gelis kukakensis (Ashmead)
Alaska.

Theroscopus kukakensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 191. ♀.

Gelis longipes (Strickland)
Calif.

Pezomachus longipes Strickland, 1912. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 5: 123. ♀.




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Gelis longipes
***authority mismatch
(Rudow). Iowa.

Pezoyymchus longipes Rudow, 1917. Ent. Ztschr. 30: 103. ♀. Preocc. by Strickland, 1912;
not renamed because of taxonomic uncertainties.
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1973. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 19: 362.

Gelis longistylus (Strickland)
N. Amer.? Described from an unlabled specimen.
Pezomachus longistylus Strickland, 1912. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 5: 120. ♀.

Gelis lymensis (Strickland)
Conn. Host: Eggs of Gnaphosidae.

Micromeson lymense Strickland, 1912. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 5: 138. ♀.

Gelis macer (Cresson)
Mass., N. Y., Pa., Md., Ohio, III., Tex. Host: Eggs of Epeira foliata (Geoff.),
Argiope sp.

Pezomachus macer Cresson, 1872. Canad. Ent. 4: 64. ♂.

Pezomachus jlavocinctus Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 421. ♀.

Gelis maculatus (Strickland)
Calif.

Pezomachus maculatus Strickland, 1912. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 5: 121. ♀.

Gelis manni (Strickland)
Calif.

Pezomachus mayini Strickland, 1912. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 5: 132. ♂.

Gelis meabilis (Cresson)
Mass. s. to Va., w. to Iowa and Kans. Host: Eggs of Agelenopsis naevia
(Walck.).

Pezomachus meabilis Cresson, 1872. Canad. Ent. 4: 62. ♀.

Pezomachus dimidiatus Cresson, 1872. Canad. Ent. 4: 63. ♀.

Pezomachus similis Strickland, 1912. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 5: 127. ♂, ♀.

Pezomachus nodosns Strickland, 1912. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 5: 128. ♀.

Gelis micariae (Howard)
Mass., Pa., D. C. Host: Eggs of Micaria sp.

Pezomachus micariae Howard, 1892. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 2: 294. ♂, ♀.

Hemiteles micarivora Riley, 1892. In Howard, Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 2: 295. ♂.

Gelis minimus (Walsh)
111., Okla., Tex. Host: Apanteles militaris (Walsh).

Pezomachus viinimus Walsh, 1861. lU. State Agr. Soc, Trans. 4: 368. ♂, ♀.

Biology: Riley, 1870. Mo. State Ent., Ann. Rpt. 2: 52.

Gelis nigerrimus (Dalla Torre)
Calif.

Pezomachus niger Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 362. ♀.

Preocc. by Brischke, 1878.
Pezomachus nigerrimus Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 630. N. name for yiiger
Provancher.

Gelis nigriventris (Brues)
Tex.

Pezomachus texanus var. nigriventris Brues, 1903. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 122. ♀.

Gelis nigrofuscus (Strickland)
Pa.

Pezomachus nigrofuscus Strickland, 1912. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 5: 133. ♂.

Gelis nocuus Cushman
Mass., N. Y., N. J., Pa., Ohio, N. C. Host: Apanteles melanoscelus (Ratz.),
Ichneumonidae.

Gelis nocuus Cushman, 1927. Jour. Agr. Res. 34: 455. ♂, ♀.

Biology: Muesebeck and Dohanian, 1927. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bui. 1487: 16.

Gelis obesus (Ashmead)
Alaska; Sweden.

Theroscopus rufipes Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 191. ♂, ♀. Preocc. in Gelis

by Bridgman, 1883.
Pezomachus obesus Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 193. ♀.
Pezomachus auripes Strickland, 1912. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 5: 134. ♂.
Pezomachus insularis Strickland, 1912. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 5: 136. N. name for T.
rufipes Ashmead.

Taxonomy: Roman, 1909. In Hamberg, Naturw. Untersuch. Sarekgebirges Schwedish-
Lappland, v. 4, p. 230.

Gelis obscurus (Cresson)
Maine s. to Va., w. to Kans. Host: Bucculatrix canadensisella Chamb.,

Coleophora laricella (Hbn.), C. salmani Heinr., Apanteles canarsiae Ash., A. lacteicolor
Vier., A. melanoscelus (Ratz.), Heterarthrus nemoratus (Fall.).
Pezomachus obscurus Cresson, 1872. Canad. Ent. 4: 62. ♀.




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Pezolochus bucculatricis Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 240. ♂, ♀.
Theroscopus americanus Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 211. ♂.
Hemiteles ashyneadii Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 643. N. name for T. americanus
Ashmead, which was temporarily preocc. in Hemiteles.

Taxonomy: Muesebeck and Dohanian, 1927. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bui. 1487: 16, 17.

Biology: Muesebeck and Dohanian, 1927. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bui. 1487: 16, 17. -Friend, 1927.
Conn. [State] Agr. Expt. Sta. Bui. 288: 449, 450.

Taxonomy: Cushman, 1927. Jour. Agr. Res. 34: 456. —Muesebeck and Dohanian, 1927. U. S.
Dept. Agr. Bui. 1487: 16.

Gelis ottawaensis (Harrington)
Conn., Ont., W. Va. Host: Eggs of Gnaphosidae?
Pezomachus ottawaensis Harrington, 1896. Canad. Ent. 28: 77. ♀.
Hemiteles ottatcaensis Harrington, 1896: Canad. Ent. 28: 78. ♂. Preocc. in Gelis by
Harrington, 1896, p. 77.

Gelis pennsylvanicus (Strickland)
Pa.

Pezomachus pennsylvanicus Strickland, 1912. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 5: 126. ♀.

Gelis perniciosus (Viereck)
Tex. Host: Apanteles militaris (Walsh), Meteorus laphygmae Vier.,
Rogas laphygmae Vier.
Pezomachus (Myrmicomorpha) perniciosa Viereck, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 44: 566. ♀.

Gelis pettitii (Cresson)
Que., R. I., Ont.

Pezomachus Pettitii Cresson, 1872. Canad. Ent. 4: 61. ♀.

Pezomachus sulcatus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 77. ♀.

Gelis popofensis (Ashmead)
Alaska.

Theroscopus popofensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 192. ♂.

Gelis prosthesimae (Riley)
Mass. Host: Eggs of Zelotes subterraneus (Koch).

Hemiteles prosthesimae Riley, 1892. In Howard, Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 2: 294. ♂.

Gelis pumilis (Foerster)
Alaska; Europe.

Pezomachus pumitus Foerster, 1850. Arch. f. Naturgesch. 16 (1): 131. ♀.

Pezomachus alaskensis Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 421. ♀.

Pezomachus nigrellus Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 192. ♂, ♀.

Pezomachus mi)tutus Strickland, 1912. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 5: 119. ♀.

Taxonomy: Roman, 1909. In Hamberg, Naturw. Untersuch. Sarekgebirges
Schwedisch-Lappland, v. 4, p. 232.

Gelis robustus (Strickland)
Ariz.

Pezomachus robustus Strickland, 1912. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 5: 120. ♀.

Gelis rotundiceps (Cresson)
Tex.

Mesoleptus/ rotundiceps Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 167. ♂.
Hemiteles pallidus Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 406. S. N. syn. The
holotype of pallidus has not been found, and it is my belief that its holotype is actually
the same specimen as the holotype of rotundiceps. Although Ashmead's description of
the propodeum does not agree perfectly with the holotype of rotundiceps, Ashmead is
not renouned for his accuracy. There are at least two cases where it is known with
certainty that Ashmead redescribed unique specimens from the Belfrage Collection
which had already been described by Cresson.

Gelis sessilis (Provancher)
Que., N. Y., S. C, Ohio, Oreg.

Hemiteles sessilis Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 334. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 55.

Gelis spiraculus (Strickland)
N. Y., N. C. Host: Microplitis gortynae Riley.

Pezomachus spiraculus Strickland, 1912. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 5: 124. ♀.

Gelis microplitidis Gahan, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61: 5. ♂, ♀.

Gelis stanfordensis (Strickland)
Calif.

Pezomachus stanfordensis Strickland, 1912. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 5: 123. ♀.

Gelis stigmaterus (Cresson)
Tex.

Mesoleptus^ stigmaterus Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 167. ♂.




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Gelis stigmatus (Ashmead)
Colo.

Hemiteles stigmatus Ashmead, 1890. Colo. Biol. Assoc, Bui. 1: 21. ♂.

Strickland! Townes. Calif.

C rem nodes californicus Ashmead, 1890 (1889). Us. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 420. ♀. Preocc. in
Gelis by Ashmead, 1890 (1889), p. 421.

Pezomachus ashmeadii Strickland, 1912. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 5: 135. N. name for C.

Gelis californicus
***authority mismatch
Ashmead. Preocc. in Gelis by Dalla Torre, 1902.

Gelis'stricklayidi Townes, 1944. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 202. N. name for P. ashvieadii
Strickland.

Gelis tantillus (Cresson)
R. I., Pa., 111.

Pezomachus gentilis Cresson, 1872. Canad. Ent. 4: 61. i, 9. Preocc by Foerster, 1850.

Pezomachus tantillus Cresson, 1872. Canad. Ent. 4: 62. ♀.

Pezomachus cressonii Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 621. N. name for P. gentilis '
Cresson.

Gelis tenellus (Say)
Que. s. to Ga., w. to s. Alaska and Calif.; Argentina; Hawaii. Host: Apanteles

lacteicolor Vier., A. nielanoscelus (Ratz.), Bracon pygniaeus Prov., Meteorus acronyctae
Mues., M. connnunis Cr.?, M. datanae Mues., M. Iiyphantriae Riley, M. versicolor
(Wesm.), Microplitis gortynae Riley, Casinaria orgyiae (How.), Diadegma insulare
(Cr.), Enicospilus americanus (Chirst), Gatnbrus extrematis (Cr.), H yposoter fugitivus
(Say), H. rivalis (Cresson), Oresbius tsugae Cush.), Phobocampe clisiocavipae (Weed),
Neodiprion abietis (Harris), N. sertifer (Geoff.), N. swainei Midd., N. tsugae Midd.,
Diprion siniilis (Htg.), Chrysopa harrisii Fitch, C. nigricomis Burm., C. rufilabris
Burm., Bucculatrix sp., Coleophora frischella (L.), C. laricella Hbn., C. malivorella
Riley, C. pruniella Clem., C. salnioni Heinr., C. serratella (L.).

Cryptus tenellus Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 233. ♀.

Hemiteles nemativorus Walsh, 1869. Canad. Ent. 2: 11. ♀.

Hemiteles nemativorus \ar.fuscatus Walsh, 1869. Canad. Ent. 2: 12. ♀.

Hemiteles utilis Norton, 1869. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 326. ♀.

Hemiteles depressus Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 334. ♀.

Hemiteles melitaeae Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 399. ♀.

Hemiteles coleophorae Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 400. ♀.

Hemiteles variegatus Ashmead, 1890 (1889). In Riley and Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect
Life 3: 153. Nomen nudum.

Hemiteles sordidus Riley, 1890. In Riley and Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 3: 153.
Nomen nudum.

Hemiteles periliti Riley, 1890. In Riley and Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 3: 153.
Nomen nudum.

Hemiteles scolyti Ashmead, 1893. In Hopkins, W. Va. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bui. 31: 144. Nomen
nudum.

Otacustes orgyiae Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 209. ♀.

Otacustes periliti Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 210. ♀.

Otacustes nigro-ornatus Cameron, 1908. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 34: 244. ♀.

Taxonomy: Cushman and Gahan, 1923. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc 23: 163.

Biology: Muesebeck and Dohanian, 1927. U. S. Dept. Agr. Bui. 1487: 12-14. -Doner, 1934.
Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 27: 442. —Doner, 1926. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 29: 228.

Morphology: Dustan, 1923 (1922). Acadian Ent. Soc, Proc. 8: 75-78 (larva).

Gelis terebrator (Ratzeburg)
Greenland; Europe. Host: Microplitus coactus Lundb.
Pezomachus terebrator Ratzeburg, 1848. Ichn. d. Forstins., v. 2, p. 126. ♀.

Taxonomy: Roman, 1916. Arkiv for Zool. 10 (22): 8.

Gelis texanus (Cresson)
Tex.

Pezomachus texanus Cresson, 1872. Canad. Ent. 4: 64. ♀.

Gelis uniformis (Dalla Torre)
N. H. s. to Md., w. to Iowa. Host: Spider eggs.

Pezomachus unicolor Cresson, 1872. Canad. Ent. 4: 64. ♀. Preocc. by Foerster, 1850.

Pezomachus uniformis Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 635. N. name for P. unicolor
Cresson.




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Gelis urbanus (Brues)
N. Y.

Pezoniachufi itrbaynis Brues, 1910. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 8: 70. ♂.

Gelis virginiensis
***authority mismatch
(Aslimead), n. comb. Va., Arl<. Ecology: Associated witii Acrobasis indigenella
(Zell.). This species had been incorrectly placed in the genus Mastnts since 1944.

Hemitelefi virginiensis Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 404. ♀.

Gelis wheeleri (Brues)
111.

Pezowachus wheeleri Brues, 1903. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 123. ♀.

Gelis yakutatensis (Ashmead)
Alaska.

Atractodes yakutatensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 169. ♂.

Genus AGASTHENES Foerster

Antlienoptera Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 175.

Type-species: Heviiteles stagnalis Thomson. Included and desig. by Hellen, 1967.
Agasthenes Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 178.

Type-species: Heviiteles varitarsus Gravenhorst. Included and desig. by Perkins,
1962.
Arachnoleter Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 64 (4): 2.

Type-species: Arachnoleter swezeyi Cushman. Monotypic and orig. desig.

Townes (1970) says that there are two undescribed Nearctic species. In the U. S. Natl. Muse-
um collection there are specimens of one of them from Mich., Ind., and Minn.; this species
parasitizes spider eggs, as does A. swezeyi (Cushman), which is known from India, Malaya, the
Philippines, and Hawaii.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 57.

Subtribe MASTRINA
Genus PYGOCRYPTUS Roman

Pygocryptus Roman, 1925 (1924). Arkiv for Zool. 17 A (4): 9.

Type-species: Phygadeuon grandis Thomson. Monotypic and orig. desig.

Revision: Torgerson, 1974. Canad. Ent. 106: 889-896 (Holarctic spp.).

Pygocryptus coryopsis Torgerson
Cahf.

Pygocryptus coryopsis Torgerson, 1974. Canad. Ent. 106: 895. ♀.

Pygocryptus cruentus Torgerson
n. status. Alta., B. C.

Pygocryptus echthroides cruentus Torgerson, 1974. Canad. Ent. 106: 893. ♀.

Pygocryptus echthroides
***authority mismatch
echthroides (Townes). Que., Mich., Alaska, B. C, Oreg., Calif.

Cryptus brevicornis Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 67. ♀.

Preocc. by Gravenhorst, 1829 and Provancher, 1875.
Cryptus brevicinctus (!) Provancher, 1889. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 452

(index).
Amydraulax echthroides Townes, 1944. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 174. N. name for C.
brevicornis Provancher.

Pygocryptus echthroides
***authority mismatch
oribasus Torgerson. Colo., Ariz.

Pygocryptus echthroides oribasus Torgerson, 1974. Canad. Ent. 106: 893. ♂, ♀.

Pygocryptus erugatus Torgerson
Que. s. to N. C, w. to Mich.

Pygocryptus erugatus Torgerson, 1974. Canad. Ent. 106: 894. ♂, ♀.

Pygocryptus exilis Torgerson
Calif.

Pygocryptus exilis Torgerson, 1974. Canad. Ent. 106: 896. ♂.

Pygocryptus exochus Torgerson
Que., N. Y., Md., S. C, Mich.

Pygocryptus exochus Torgerson, 1974. Canad. Ent. 106: 895. ♂, ♀.

Genus MASTRUS Foerster

Perosis Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 169.

Type-species: Echthrus arniatus Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from two
species included by Schmiedeknecht, 1888.




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Daictes Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 176.

Type-species: Phygadeuon (Daictes) fukai Viereck. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Viereck, 1911.
Aenoplex Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 176.

Type-species: Aenoplex betulaecola Ashmead. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Ashmead, 1896.
Mastrus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 176.

Type-species: Phygadeuon (Mastrus) neodiprioni Viereck. By subsequent monotypy
from inclusion by Viereck, 1911.
hadelphus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 177.

Type-species: Hemiteles ininiicus Gravenhorst. Monotypically included and desig.
by Viereck, 1914.
Zoophthorus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 180.

Type-species: Hemiteles (Zoophthorus) nigricaniformis Viereck. By subsequent
monotypy from inclusion by Viereck, 1917.
Micromonodon Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 195.

Type-species: Hemicryptus tener Kriechbaumer. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Ashmead, 1900. Ashmead (1900) suppressed the monotypic genus
He)nicryptHs Kriechbaumer as a synonym of Micromonodon, which inferred
inclusion of Hemicryptus tener Kriechbaumer in Micromonodon (cf. Perkins,
1962).
Cecidonomus Bridgman, 1880. Entomologist 13: 264.

Type-species: Cecidonomus gallicola Bridgman. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Hemicryptus Kriechbaumer, 1893. Ent. Nachr. 19: 152. Preocc. by Zittel, 1885.

Type-species: Heniicryptxis tener Kriechbaumer. Monotypic.
Chaetoniastrus Hellen, 1967. Notulae Ent. 47: 105.

Type-species: Hemiteles hirticeps Thomson. Monotypic and orig. desig.

Mastrus seems to be an extraordinarily heterogeneous assemblage of species, some of which
may prove to belong in the subtribe Phygadeuontina. Dr. Klaus Horstmann will have signifi-
cantly modified the generic synonymy prior to the appearance of this catalog.

Taxonomy: Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 173, 212. —Perkins, 1962. Brit. Mus.

(Nat. Hist.), Bui. 11:436.

Mastrus aciculatus (Provancher)
N. B. s. to Va., w. to s. Alaska and Calif. Host: Coccygomimus

sanguinipes erythropus (Vier.), Itoplectis behrensii (Cr.), Meteorus niveitarsis (Cr.),
Arge sp., Gilpinia hercyniae (Htg.), Zadiprion townsendi (Cock.), Neodiprion nanulus
Schedl, N. pinetum (Nort.), N. pratti pratti (Dyar), N. rugifrons Midd., N. sertifer
(Geoff.), N. sicainei Midd., N. taedae linearis Ross, N. tsugae Midd., Lambdiiia
fiscellaria fiscellaria (Gn.), Protoboarmia porcelaria (Gn.). The observations by
Cushman (1919) cast suspicion upon records for aciculatus as a primary parasite of
Lepidoptera.

Hemiteles aciculatus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 60. ♂.

Hemiteles ashmeadii Riley, 1890. In Riley and Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 3:
153. Nomen nudum.

Hypocryptus vancouverensis Harrington, 1894. Canad. Ent. 26: 248. ♂.

Phygadeuon phryganidiae Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 207. ♀.

Phygadeuon (Aenoplex) argeae Viereck, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 39: 405. ♀.

Phygadeuon (Mastrus) neodiprioni Viereck, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 40: 195. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 65 (syn.).

Biology: Cushman, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 524. —Reeks, 1938. Ent. Soc. Ont., Ann.

Rpt. 69: 27.
Morphology: Finlayson, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 30-31 (final-instar larva).

Mastrus albiscapus (Ashmead)
Tex.

Hemiteles albiscapus Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 403. ♂.

Mastrus annulatus (Ashmead)
Calif. Host: Pupa of microlepidopteran.

Hemiteles annulatus Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 402. ♂.




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Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 65.

Mastrus autumnalis (Provancher)
Que., R. I., N. Y.

Atractodes autumnalis Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13: 367. ♂, ♀.

Mastrus carpocapsae (Cushman)
Pa. s. to Fla., w. to Oreg. and Calif. Host: Grapholitha 7)iolesta (Bsk.),
Laspeyrenia caryana (Fitch), L. pomonella (L.).
Aenoplex carpocapsae Cushman, 1915. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 48: 509. ♀.

Taxonomy: Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 461 (male described).

Biology: Flanders, 1926. Pan-Pacific Ent. 3: 44-45. — McClure, 1933. Ent. News 44: 48-49
(effects of sting on host). —McClure, 1933. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 26: 345-347 (variation in
life cycle). -McClure, 1937. Nature Notes 4: 38-40. -Lloyd, 1956. Canad. Ent. 88: 80-89
(oviposition behavior).

Mastrus caudatus (Provancher)
Que., N. Y., Ont.

Echthrus caudatus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 313. ♀.
Aenoplex longicauda Walley, 1934. Canad. Ent. 66: 240. ♀.

Mastrus cressoni (Riley)
N. H., Mich., Ill, Mo. Host: Microgaster gelechiae Riley?, Gaynbnis nuncius

(Say).
Hemiteles (?) Cressoni Riley, 1869. Mo. State Ent, Ann. Rpt. 1: 177. ♂.
Heniiteles conipactus Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 398. 9. Described

by virtue of Ashmeads' inclusion of "compacttis Cresson" in a key; Ashmead did not

realize covipacius was a manuscript name on a specimen Cresson had identified for

Riley (see Cushman, 1919).
Hemiteles cressonii Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 647. Emend.

Taxonomy: Cushman, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 525-526. —Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer.
Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 65.

Mastrus extensor (Cushman)
Calif.

Isadelpkus extensor Cushman, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 527. ♀.

Mastrus gigas (Provancher)
Que., Ont., Mass., Conn., N. Y., N. J., Alta.

Hemiteles gigas Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 59. ♂.
Platylabus giganticus Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 783. Unnecessarily proposed n.
name for H. gigas Provancher (April, 1886) which was not preocc. in Platylabus by
Kriechbaumer (August, 1886).
Phygadeuon (Bachia?) tumidiformis Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist.

Survey Bui. 22: 335, 336. ♂.
Hemiteles (Zoophthorus) nigricaniformis Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat.
Hist. Survey Bui. 22: 338, 340. ♂.

Mastrus hydrophilus (Ashmead)
N. S., Maine, N. Y. Host: Epinotia nanana (Treit.).

Hemiteles hydrophilus Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 401. ♀.

intermedius (Cresson). Tex.

Phygadeuon internieditis Cresson, 1874. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 160. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 65.

Mastrus laplantei Mason
Newfoundland (insular) s. to Maine, w. to s. Alaska and Oreg. Host: Meteorus
niveitarsis (Cr.), Gilpinia hercyniae (Htg.), Neodiprion nanulus nanulus Schedl, N.
pratti banksianae Roh., A^. swainei Midd., A^. tsugae Midd., Heterarthrus nemoratus
(Fall.), Pikonema alaskensis (Roh.), Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.), Acleris gloverana
(Wlshm.), A. variana (Fern.), Choristoneura fumiferayia (Clem.), Lambdina fiscellaria
fiscellaria (Gn.), L.f. lugubrosa (Hulst), Rheumaptera hastata (L.).
Mastrus laplantei Mason, 1968. Canad. Ent. 100: 19. ♂, ♀.

Mastrus laricellae (Mason)
n. comb. N. B., P. E. I., Ont., Wis., n.e. Calif. Host: Argyresthia laricella
Kft. This species is placed provisionally in Mastrus (see foregoing discussion under
Lysibia).;

Alegina laricellae Mason, 1961. Canad. Ent. 97: 4. ♂, ♀.

Morphology: Eidt, 1962. Canad. Ent. 94: 32 (final-instar larva).

Mastrus mucronatus (Provancher)
N. H., Ont., Mass., Conn., N. J., Ga. Host: Gatnbrus sp.

Hemiteles mucronatus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 58. ♂.




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Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 65.

Mastrus pilifrons (Provancher)
Que. s. to N. C, w. to B. C. and Calif. Host: Acronicta betulae (Riley),
Grapbolitha molesta (Bsk.), Laspeyresia pomonella (L.).
Orthocentrus pilifrons Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11: 279-. "9" = 6.
Hemiteles cryptifonnis Riley, 1890. hi Riley and Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 3:

153. Nomen nudum.
Aenoplex betnlaecola Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 208. ♀.
Aenoplex plesiotypus Cushman, 1915. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 48: 510. ♀.

Taxonomy: Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 460.

Mastrus pinifoliae (Cushman)
n. comb. Mass., La. Host: Exoteleia sp., E. pinifoUella (Chamb.). As with
M. laricellae (Mason), this species is placed provisionally in Mastrus (see foregoing
discussion under Lysibia.
Hemiteles pinifoliae Cushman, 1933. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 82 (14): 5. ♂, ♀.

Mastrus polychrosidis (Cushman)
R. I., N. Y., Pa. Host: Paralobesia viteana (Clem.).

Aenoplex polychrosidis Cushman, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 524. ♂, ♀.

Mastrus rubricornis (Ashmead)
Va.

Hemiteles rubriconiis Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 405. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 65.
ruflpes (Ashmead). Alaska.

Aenoplex rufipes Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 188. ♂.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 12: 65.

Mastrus smithii (Packard)
Que. w. to Wash., s. to N. J., 111., Colo., and Oreg. Host: Ganibnis extrematis
(Cr.), Anietastegia glabrata (Fall.).
Cryptus Smithii Packard, 1865. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Proc. 9: 346. ♂, ♀.
Echthrus rubripes Provancher, 1883. Nat. Canad. 14: 16. ♀.

Phaeogenes crassitelns Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 41. ♀.
Aenoplex nigrosovia Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 460. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 65.

Mastrus subspinosus (Provancher)
Que., R. I., N. Y.

Phygadeuon subspinosus Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13: 336. ♂.

Genus AMYDRAULAX Cushman

Amydraulax Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 60 (21): 4.

Type-species: Amydraulax pulchra Cushman. Monotypic and orig. desig.

There is an undescribed species which apparently occurs in northern Mexico as well as in the
southwestern U. S.; it has been reared from cones of Pinus ponderosa. The genus is not known
to occur outside of the southwestern part of the Nearctic region.

Amydraulax pulchra Cushman
Calif. Ecology: The only host known for pulchra is a cerambycid which
bores in the branches of Sequoia gigantea. Host: Callidium sequarimn Fisher.
Amydraulax pulchra Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 60 (21): 5. ♀.

Genus APOTEMNUS Cushman

Apotemnus Cushman, 1940. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 88: 359.

Type-species: Cryptus truncatus Cushman. Monotypic and orig. desig.

Only the type-species is known.

Apotemnus truncatus Cushman
Oreg., Calif. Ecology: Reared from cones of Cupressus macrocarpa.
Apotemnus truncatus Cushman, 1940. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 88: 360. ♀.

Genus HELICOSTIZUS Foerster

Brachycentrus Taschenberg, 1865. Ztschr. f. die Gesam. Naturw. Halle 25: 106. Preocc. by
Curtis, 1834.




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Type-species: Cryptus phnplarius Taschenberg. Monotypic. The type-species is
regarded as a synonym of//, restaumtor restanmtor (Fabricius).
Helcostizufi Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 186.

Type-species: Cryptus brachycentrus Gravenhorst. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Schmiedei //. restaumtor restaurator (Fabricius).
Cyrtocryptus Marshall, 1872. Cat. Brit. Hym., v. 3, p. 41.

Type-species: Cryptus brachycentrus Gravenhorst. Monotypic.
Mesocryptus Thomson, 1873. Opusc. Ent. 5: 519, 521.

Type-species: Cryptus brachycentrus Gravenhorst. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Heterocryptus Woldstedt, 1873. Bidr. till Kann. af Finlands Natur och Folk 21: 73.
Type-species: Cryptus brachycentrus Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Astemaulax Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 632.

Type-species: Astemaulax fiskei Viereck. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Chenhergus Navas, 1930. Soc. Ent. de Espana, Bol. 13: 43. N. name for Brachycentrus
Taschenberg.

This genus was formerly placed by Townes in the Cryptini, where it was a member of his now
defunct subtribe Echthrina. Townes (1970) said little concerning his placement of Helcostizus in
the Hemitelini, which leads me to suppose that he placed it here because he did not know what
else to do with it. He mentioned Helcostizus as one of a number of genera showing "convergence
toward" his newly erected subtribe Gabuniina (Cryptini), but said that in certain cases (without
saying which cases) it is uncertain whether these genera should be placed in the Gabuniina or el-
sewhere.

Revision: Cushman, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 531-535. —Townes and Townes, 1962. U.
S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 513-522.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 326.
annulicornis (Walsh). N. Y., Md., Va., Mich., 111.?, Okla. Host: Elapkidionoides parallelus
(Newm.)?
Echthrus ajmulicornis Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 159. ♀.
Helcostizus bicarinatus Cushman, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 532. ♀.

Taxonomy: Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 64 (4): 8.
collinus (Provancher). Que. Not included in the revision by Townes and Townes (1962) and
probably synonymous with one of the taxa included.
Mesostenus collinus Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11 (no. 126): HI. S.

Taxonomy: Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 453-454 (lectotype selected).
oxyura Townes. Ont., Mich.

Helcostizus oxyura Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3):
517. ♀.
restaurator canadensis (Provancher). Que. s. to N. C, w. to Mich. Host: Atimia confusa (Say).
//. restaurator restaurator (Fabricius) is Eurasian; its synonymy is listed by Townes,
Momoi, and Townes (1965).
Mesochorus Canadensis Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 299. ♀.
Astemaulax fiskei Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 632. ♀.

Ta.xonomy: Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 204-205.
restaurator yukonensis (Ashmead). Northwestern N. W. T. w. to Alaska, s. to Ariz, and Calif.
Host: Plectura spi)iicauda Mann. Townes and Townes (1962) distinguished rufiscutuni
Cushman as a separate subspecies, but the material they studied included nearly as
many specimens which they classified as intermediate between rufiscutH)n and
yukonensis as there were specimens identified as rufiscutuni; therefore, I feel it is not
practical to recognize rufiscutuni as a distinct subspecies.
Pinipla yukonensis Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 445. ♀.
Helcostizus rufiscutuni Cushman, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 533. ♀. N. syn.
subrectus Townes. Ariz.

Helcostizus subrectus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt.
3): 517. ♀.




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tibialis Townes. Ont., N. Y., Pa., Mich., Wis.

Helco.stizuii tibialis Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3):
516. ♂, ♀.

Genus LOCHETICA Kriechbaumer

Lochetica Kriechbaumer, 1892. Ent. Nachr. 18: 340.

Type-species: Phijgadeuon piniplarinx Thomson. Monotypic. The type-species is
regarded as a synonym of L. Westoni (Bridgman).

This small Holarctic genus includes three Palearctic species and one undescribed species
which occurs in the western U. S. (Townes, 1970).

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 70.

Subtribe ETHELURGINA
Genus RHEMBOBIUS Foerster

Rhentbobiiis Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 184.

Type-species: Phijgudeuon qiiadrispinus Gravenhorst. Monotypically included and
desig. by Ashmead, 1900.
UlothywKs Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 185.

Type-species: Ichneumon perscrutator Thunberg. Monotypically included and desig.
by Perkins, 1962.
Acanthocryptus Thomson, 1873. Opusc. Ent. 5: 520, 521.

Type-species: Phygadeuon quadrispinus Gravenhorst. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This small Holarctic genus was removed from the Aptesini by Townes (1970), who discussed
his reasons for transferring it to the Hemitelini. No other genus of Hemitelini is known to have
species in which the adult females overwinter, but it is apparently not known if any Rhembobius
sp. overwinters e.xclusively in this way. The known hosts are saprophagous Syrphidae.

Revision: Townes and Gupta, 1962. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 272-278.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 112.

Rhembobius abdominalis (Provancher)
N. S. s. to Conn., w. to n. Alaska and Calif.; Hawaii. Host: Eiuiierus
strigatuH (Fall.), Merodon eqttestris (F.), Xylota sp. Townes and Gupta (1962) recognized
three broadly overlapping subspecies.
Phygadeuon abdominalis Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 280. ♂, ♀.
Phygadeuon 4-carinatus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 180, 183. ♂.
Platylabus pacificus Harrington, 1894. Canad. Ent. 26: 210. ♀.

Rhe)nbobins abdominalis montanus Townes and Gupta, 1962. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2:
275. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Cushman, 1930 (1929). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 76 (25): 3.
parous Townes. Mich., Man., Sask.

Rhembobius parens Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 273. ♂, ♀.

Genus ETHELURGUS Foerster

TohneruH Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 177. Preocc. by Loew, 1849.
Type-species: Phygadeuon sodalis Taschenberg. Monotypically included and desig.
by Townes and Townes, 1966.
Ethel urgus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 180.

Type-species: Hemiteles (Ehtelurgus) lonicerae Viereck. By subsequent monotypy
from inclusion by Viereck, 1917.
Niineches Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 186.

Type-species: Phygadeuon sodalis Taschenberg. Monotypically included and desig.
by Perkins, 1962.
Zaniicrotoridea Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey Bui. 22: 340.
Type-species: Hemiteles (Zamicrotoridea) orbifonnis Viereck. Monotypic.




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I have seen one undescribed Nearctic species in the U. S. Natl. Museum collection, but sup-
pose that there are other undescribed Nearctic species because Townes (1970) said that Ethelur-
gus is a moderate sized genus. Males of Ethelurgus will not key to the subtribe Ethelurgina in
Townes (1970) because only the females have the apical margin of the clypeus impressed.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 7, 72.

Ethelurgus syrphicola (Ashmead)
Conn. s. to S. C, w. to Oreg. Host: Allograpta obliqua (Say), Baccha
(Ocyptat)ius) fascipennis Wied., Mesograpta polita (Say), Syrpluis rectus 0. ♂.
Hemiteles syrphicola Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 399. ♀.
Hemiteles (Ethelnrgus) lonicerae Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist.

Survey Bui. 22: 340. ♀.
Hemiteles (Zaniicrotoridea) orbifomiis Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat.
Hist. Survey Bui. 22: 340. ♂.

Subtribe ENDASEINA

Genus CHARITOPES Foerster

Charitopes Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Verh. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 181.

Type-species: Hemiteles (Charitopes) chrysopae Brischke. By subsequent monotypy
from inclusion by Brischke, 1890.
Fianonia Seyrig, 1952. Acad. Malgache, Mem. 39: 31.

Type-species: Fianonia problematica Seyrig. Monotypic and orig. desig.

The species of this genus which have been reared are parasites of Hemerobiidae.

Charitopes gastricus (Holmgren)
Calif.

Hemiteles gastricus Holmgren, 1869 (1868). Eug. Resa, pt. 2 (Zool.), sect. 1 (Ins.), p. 401. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 106.

Charitopes mellicornis
***authority mismatch
(Ashmead), n. comb. Mass. s. to S. C, w. to Minn, and Iowa. Host: Micromus
posticus (Wlkr.).
Hemiteles mellicornis Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 404. ♀.
Charitopes mellicornis Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 383. Nomen
nudum.

Charitopes piceiventris (Harrington)
B. C.

Hemiteles piceiventris Harrington, 1894. Canad. Ent. 26: 213. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 12: 80.

Charitopes plectiscinus (Roman)
Greenland.

Phygadeuon plectiscinus Roman, 1916. Arkiv for Zool. 10 (22): 5. cJ, 9.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 111.

Genus ADIASTOLA Foerster

Adiastola Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 180.

Type-species: Adiastola aynericaiia Howard. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Howard, 1897.

Townes (1970) incorrectly treated Adiastola as a synonym of Mastrus.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 64.

Adiastola columbiae (Viereck)
D. C. Host: Iseropus coelebs (Walsh)?

Adiastola americana Howard, 1897. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Tech. Ser. 5: 54. ♂, ♀.

Temporarily preocc. in Hemiteles by Theroscopus americanus Ashmead, 1896.
Hemiteles columbiae Viereck, 1910. In Smith, N.J. State Mus., Ann. Rpt. for 1909, p. 631.
N. name for A. americana Howard.

Genus MEDOPHRON Foerster

Baryntica Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 184.

Type-species: Stylocryptus elegans Schmiedeknecht. Monotypically included and
desig. by Perkins, 1962.




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Medophron Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 185.

Type-species: Medophron niger Brischke. By subsequent monotypy from inclusion
by Brischke, 1881. The type-species is regarded as a synonym of M. afflictor
(Gravenhorst).

Medophron caudatus (Provancher)
Que., s. Alaska.

Crypius caudatus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 314. ♀.
Bathynietis bicolor Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 182. ♂, ♀.

Medophron dytiscivorus Mason
Ont. Host: Dytiscus fasciventris Say.

Medophron dytiscivorus Mason, 1968. Canad. Ent. 100: 21. ♂, ♀.

Genus ENDASYS Foerster

Endasys Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 184.

Type-species: Stylocryptus analis Thomson. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from two
species included by Roman, 1909.
Scinascopus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 185.

Type-species: Phygadeuon cneniargus Gravenhorst. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Brischke, 1891. The type-species is regarded as a synonym of E.
parvirentris (Gravenhorst).
Bachia Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 186. Preocc. by Gray, 1845.

Type-species: Phygadeuon (Bachia) testaceipes Brischke. By subsequent monotypy
from inclusion by Brischke, 1891.
Stylocryptus Thomson, 1873. Opusc. Ent. 5: 520, 521.

Type-species: Phygadeuon brevis Gravenhorst. Monotypic.
Bachiana Strand, 1928 (1926). Arch. f. Naturgesch. (A) 92 (8): 52. N. name for Bachia
Foerster.
auriculifcrus (Viereck). Conn., N. Y.

Phygadeuon {Bachia^) auriculiferus Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist.
Survey Bui. 22: 336. ♂.

Endasys bicolor (Lundbeck)
Greenland.

Phygadeuon bicolor Lundbeck, 1897 (1896). Dansk Naturhist. For. Kjobenhavn, Vidensk.
Meddel., p. 227. ♀.

Taxonomy: Roman, 1916. Arkiv for Zool. 10 (22)': 4, 5.

Endasys maculatus (Provancher)
Que. s. to Md., w. to Mich, and Ohio.

Phygadeuon maculatus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 178, 182. ♀.

Endasys monticola (Dalla Torre)
Colo.

Phygadeuon niontanus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 309. ♀. Preocc. (presently?)

in Phygadeuon by Cryptus niontanus Gravenhorst, 1829.
Phygadeuon monticola Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 689. N. name for P.
niontanus Cresson.

Endasys mucronatus (Provancher)
Que. s. to Va., w. to Mich. Host: Arge clavicornis {¥.), A. pectoralis
(Leach).
Phygadeuon mucronatus Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11: 73. ♀.
Melophron (!) abdominalis Ashmead, 1906. //( Slosson, Ent. News 17: 324. Nomen nudum.

Endasys paludicola (Brues)
Colo.

Oxytorus paludicola Brues, 1908. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 6: 50. ♂.

Endasys pubescens (Provancher)
Que. s. to Ga., w. to Alta. and Colo.

Phygadeuon pubescens Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 282. ♂.

Phygadeuon dubius Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 283. ♀.

Aloniya pulchra Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 120. ♂.

Phygadeuon pallicox2is Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11: 75. ♂.

Phygadeuon pallidicoxus Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 690. Emend.

Endasys rotundiceps (Provancher)
Que.

Phygadeuon rotundiceps Provancher, 1877. Nat. Canad. 9: 12. ♀.

Taxonomy: Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11: 74.




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Endasys subclavatus (Say)
N. B. s. to Fla., w. to Oreg. and Calif. Host: Gilpinia hercyniae (Htg.),

Neodiprion excitans Roh., N. lecontei (Fitch), N. nanulus nanuhis Schedl, A^. prafti

banksianae Roh., N. pratti pratti (Dyar), N. rugifrons Midd., A^. sertifer (Geoff.), N.

swainei Midd., N. taedae linearis Ross, N. tsugae Midd., N. virginiana Roh., Zadiprion

toicnnendi (Cock.).
Cryptiis subclavatus Harris, 1835. In Hitchcock, Rpt. Geol. Mineral. Bot. Zool. Mass., ed. 2,

p. 584. Nomen nudum.
Cryptus subclavatus Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 237. ♀.
Phygadeuon vulgaris Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 310. ♀.
Ichneumon inflatus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (1): 24 (key); 7 (3): 83. ♂.
Platylabus ruficomis Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 36, 38.

S, 9.
Melophron (!) nionticola Ashmead, 1900. In Slosson, Ent. News 11: 319. Nomen nudum.
Phygadeuon (Bathymefis) patulus Viereck, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 40: 193. ♂.
Phygadeuon (Bachia^ brittoni Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist.

Survey Bui. 22: 336. ♂.

Ta.xonomy: Cushman and Gahan, 1921. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 23: 162. — Finlayson, 1960.
Canad. Ent. 92: 25, 32 (fmal-instar larva).

Biology: Tripp, 1961. Canad. Ent. 93: 53. -Finlayson, 1963. Canad. Ent. 95: 491.

Endasys texanus (Cresson)
Tex.

Phygadeuon texanus Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 160. ♂.

Genus GLYPHICNEMIS Foerster

Glyphicnemis Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 181.

Type-species: Phygadeuon vagabundus Gravenhorst. Monotypically included and
desig. by Ashmead, 1900.
Gnathocryptus Thomson, 1873. Opusc. Ent. 5: 520, 521.

Type-species: Phygadeuon vagabundus Gravenhorst. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Semiodes Harrington, 1894. Canad. Ent. 26: 247.

Type-species: Semiodes seminiger Harrington. Monotypic.

I have seen specimens representing what appear to be several undescribed Neartic species.

Glyphicnemis mandibularis (Cresson)
Que. s. to Md., w. to B. C. and Calif.

Phygadeuon mandibularis Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 311. ♀.

Ischnus ruficomis Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (4): 110. ♂.

Phygadeuon ruficomis Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (6): 179. ♂. Preocc. in Phygadetion

by Gravenhorst, 1829 and in Glyphicnemis by Provancher, 1875, no. 4, p. 110.
Phygadeuon crassipes Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 9: 11. ♀.

Phygadeuon califomicus Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 358. ♂.
Seviiodes seminiger Harrington, 1894. Canad. Ent. 26: 247. ♂.

Subtribe BATHYTRICHINA

This subtribe includes six genera, but only Baththrix, which is nearly worldwide in distribu-
tion, occurs in the Nearctic fauna.

Genus BATHYTHRIX Foerster

Ischnurgops Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 175.

Type-species: Cryptus claviger Taschenberg. Monotypically included and desig. by
Viereck, 1914.
Steganops Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 175.

Type-species: Cryptus claviger Taschenberg. Monotypically included and desig. by
Viereck, 1914.
Bathythrix Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 175.

Type-species: Bathythrix meteori Howard. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from two species
included by Howard, 1897.
Panargyrops Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 182.




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Type-species: Cryptus claviger Taschenberg. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from two
species included by Schmiedeknecht, 1888.
Gausocentrus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 198.

Type-species: Gausocentrus gyrini Ashmead. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Ashmead, 1894.
Sienoschema Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 220. Nomen nudum.
Leptocryptus Thomson, 1873. Opusc. Ent. 5: 521.

Type-species: Cryptus claviger Taschenberg. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from nine
species included by Thomson, 1884.
Ageiwra Cameron, 1909. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, Jour. 19: 722.
Type-species: Age)iora hirticeps Cameron. Monotypic.

Members of this genus oviposit into cocoons of various insects, often those of Braconidae or
other Ichneumonidae.

Revision: Thomson, 1884. Opusc. Ent. 10: 963-966 (European spp.). — Cushman, 1920. U. S.
Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 261-264. —Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57: 77-78.

Bathythrix areolaris (Cushman)
Alaska, Oreg., Calif. Host: Neodiprion tsugae Midd.

Panargyrops areolaris Cushman, 1939. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 29: 397. ♂, ♀.

Bathythrix claviger (Taschenberg)
Que., Maine, Tex., Alta., Colo., B. C, Wash.; Eurasia. Host:
Anietastegia glabrata (Fall.).
Cryptus claviger Taschenberg, 1865. Ztschr. f. die Gesam. Naturw. Halle 25: 76. ♂.
Cryptus (Cliaeretymma[f]) ater Brischke, 1880. Naturf. Gesell. Danzig, Schr. (n. f.) 5: 338. ♂, ♀.
Mesostenus sericeus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 264. ♂.
Cryptus sericeifrons Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11 (no. 125): 132. ♀.
Agenora hirticeps Cameron, 1909. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, Jour. 19: 722. ♂.
Bathythrix tibialis Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 458. cJ, 9.
Panargyrops texanus Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 262. ♀. Preocc. in

Bathythrix by Ashmead, 1890.
Panargyrops pacificus Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 262. ♀.
Thysiotorus (Panargyrops) tegularis Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57: 78. ♀.
Thysiotorus {Panargyrops) conjunctus Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57: 78. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Oehlke, 1966 (1965). Beitr. z. Ent. 15: 845-846.

Bathythrix fragilis (Viereck)
N. Mex.

Plesiognathus (l) fragilis Viereck, 1903. In Skinner, Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 82. ♂.

Bathythrix gyrinophaga (Cushman)
N. Y., Ont., Mich., Iowa. Host: Gyrinus sp.

Gausocentrus gyrini Ashmead, 1894. Canad. Ent. 26: 25. ♂. Preocc. in Bathythrix by

Hemiteles gyrini Parfitt, 1881.
Hemiteles gyrinophagus Cushman, 1930 (1929). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 76 (25): 5. N. name

for G. gyrini Ashmead.
Panargyrops instil a DeGant, 1933. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 82: 2. (J, 9.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 90 (syn.).
latifrons (Cushman). Southern Alaska, Wash., Oreg. Host: Neodiprion tsugae Midd., Meteorus
sp.?
Thysiotorus latifrons Cushman, 1939. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 29: 396. ♂, ♀.

Bathythrix meteori (Howard)
R. I. and N. Y. s. to Ga. and Miss. Host: Meteorus connnu7iis (Cr.), Iseropus
coelebs (Walsh)?
Bathythrix meteori Howard, 1897. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Tech. Ser. 5: 53. ♂, ♀.

Bathythrix peregrina (Cresson)
Que. s. to Va., w. to Iowa and Kans.

Mesoleptusf peregrinus Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 102. ♂, ♀.

Panargyrops thoracicus Cushman, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 55: 528. ♀.

Bathythrix pimplae Howard
N. Y. s. to Va., w. to S. Dak. Host: Ganibrus extretnatis (Cr.), Iseropus
coelebs (Walsh)?, Gyrinus sp.?

Bathythrix piwplae Howard, 1897. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Tech. Ser. 5: 54. ♀.

Biology: Butcher, 1933. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 26: 82.




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Bathythrix subargentea (Cresson)
Pa., Alta., Idaho, Wash.

Cryptus subarge7iteus Cresson. 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 302. ♀.

Exolytus sericeifrons Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 355. ♀. Preocc. in

Bathythrix by Cryptus sericeifrons Provancher.
Thysiotonis (Panargyrops) seamayisi Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57: 77. ♀.

Bathythrix texana (Ashmead)
Tex.

Stilpnus texamis Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 397. ♀.

Bathythrix triangularis (Cresson)
Maine w. to Wis., s. to Ala. Host: Apanteles melanoscelus (Ratz.),
Meteonis versicolor (Wesm.), Hyposoter sp., Phobocampe geometrae (Ash.), Diprion
similis (Htg.).
Mesoleptns triangularis Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 101. ♂.
Mesostenus pallipes Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 264. ♀.
Thysiotonis^ smithi Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 58: 263. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Cushman, 1939. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 29: 396 (syn.).

Subtribe PHYGADEUONTINA
Genus OECOTELMA Townes

Oecotelma Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 94.

Type-species: Hentiteles cushmaiti Butcher. Monotypic and orig. desig.

Oecotelma cushmani (Butcher)
Mich. Host: Gyrinus sp.

Hemiteles cushmani Butcher, 1933. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 26: 76. ♂, ♀.

Genus SULCARIUS Townes

Sulcaritis Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 95.

Type-species: Hemiteles kellbachi Schmiedeknecht. Orig. desig.

Species of this genus apparently parasitize larvae of caddisflies whose cases are left exposed
by the receding waters of vernal ponds or intermittent streams.

Sulcarius biannulatus (Gravenhorst)
Minn.?, 111.?; Europe. Host: Limnephilus iJidivisus Walker. North
American specimens were identified as biannulatus by Roman (1925) and Mickel and
Milliron (1939), but the question of conspecificity of Neartic and Paleartic specimens has
apparently not been readdressed; therefore, the occurrence of biannulatus in North
America remains unsubstantiated.

Hemiteles biannulatus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 846. ♀.

Hemiteles Hellbachi Schmiedeknecht, 1905. Opusc. Ichn., v. 2, p. 851. 9. Syn. verified by
Dr. Klaus Horstmann (personal commun., 1976).

Hemiteles bianulatus (!) Oehlke and Townes, 1969. Beitr. z. Ent. 19: 400.

Taxonomy: Roman, 1925 (1924). Arkiv for Zool. 17 A (4): 16. -Hellen, 1967. Notulae Ent. 47:
107. -Oehlke and Townes, 1969. Beitr. z. Ent. 19: 400. —Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent.
Inst., Mem. 12: 96.

Biology: Mickel and Milliron, 1939. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 42: 578-580.

Sulcarius bicornutus (Ashmead)
Mo.

Hemiteles bicornutus Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 12: 403. ♂.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 96.

Sulcarius glacialis (Ashmead)
B. C. The type-locality (Lowe Inlet, B. C.) was erroneously recorded by
Townes (1944) as an Alaskan locality.
Philonygus (!) glacialis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 189. ♂.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1944. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 186. —Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent.
Inst., Mem. 12: 96.

Genus ORTHIZEMA Foerster

Orthizema Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 178.




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Type-species: Hemiteles (Ortliizema) omatus Brischke. By subsequent monotypy
from inclusion by Brischi snbannulatu))! (Bridgman).
Naetes Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Ver. 25: 185.

Type-species: Hemiteles {Naites[!]) rufus Brischke. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Brischke, 1892. The type-species is regarded as a synonym of 0.
Iiadrocerus (Thomson).
Phyzelufi Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 185.

Type-species: PhyzeluN fasciatiis Brischke. By subsequent monotypy from inclusion
by Brischke, 1888. Townes and Gupta (1962) disputed Perkins' (1962) synonymy
of fanciatuH with Aptesis flagitator (Rossi) on the premise that A.flagitator does
not agree with the original description of fasciatiis (the holotype of fasciatus
having been destroyed), and Townes (1970) placed /a scm/it.s as a synonym of 0.
Iiadrocerus (Thomson).

Townes (1970) stated that Orthizema is a large genus of Holarctic distribution, but did not
state how many undescribed Nearctic species he has seen.

Taxonomy: Perkins, 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 11: 446. —Townes and Gupta,
1962. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 247. —Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 97-98.
testaceipcs (Cushman). N. H., N. Y., Pa.

Adiastola testaceipes Ashmead, 1906. In Slosson, Ent. News 17: 324. Nomen nudum.
Lynieoni' testaceipes Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (8): 17. ♀.

Genus UCHIDELLA Townes

ItaviHs Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 179. Preocc. by Schmidt-Goebel,
1846.

Type-species: Heiniteles {Itaniits) okaniotoi Uchida. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Uchida, 1936. The type-species is regarded as a synonym of U.
marginata (Uchida).
Uchidella Townes, 1957. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 59: 109. N. name for Itamus Foerster.

Except for one species known from Taiwan, Uchidella is said to be a Holarctic genus of
moderate size (see Townes, 1970). There are no described Nearctic species.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 12: 99.

Genus GNOTUS Foerster

G7iotus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 179.

Type-species: Hemiteles tenuiconiis Gravenhorst. Included and desig. by Perkins,
1962. The type-species is regarded as a synonym of G. teyiuipes (Gravenhorst).

Gnotus chionops (Gravenhorst)
N. Y., Pa., Md., Mich.; Japan; Europe. Townes (1970) stated that

Gnotus chionops
***authority mismatch
is Holarctic without mentioning specific localities outside Europe; these he
communicated to me personally and stated that he regards the European, Japanese, and
Nearctic specimens he has seen as belonging to three separate subspecies. ^

Hemiteles chionops Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 797. ♂.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 100.

Genus HEDYLUS Foerster

Hedylus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 183.

Type-species: Hedylus crassicoDiis Ashmead. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Ashmead, 1899.

This genus is transferred from the Endaseina where Townes (1970) placed it as a synonym of
Medophron. Although the type-species of Hedylus somewhat resembles Medophron species in
the structure of the head and ovipositor, it differs from Medophron species so greatly in wing
venation and petiolar structure that it seems illogical to suggest any close phyletic relationship




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between Hedylus and Medophron. In Hedylus crassicornis the nervellus is reclivous, the
discoidella is absent, the apical portion of the mediella is very strongly curved, and the petiole
has the apex of the sternite opposite the spiracles. In Townes' (1970) key to the genera of
Phygadeuontina H. crassicornis runs to Stibeufes.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 81, 92-94.

Hedylus brooksi (Brooks)
n. comb. W. Va. Host: Craponius inaequalis (Say). This species was placed
in Stibeutes by Townes (1970); it seems more a misfit in Stibeutes than in Hedylus.
Sfiboscopus brooksi Ashmead, 1906. In Brooks, W. Va. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 100: 240.

Nomen nudum.
Stiboscopus brooksi Brooks 1918. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 730: 14. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 100, 395.

Hedylus crassicornis Ashmead
N. H., Wis.; e. U. S. S. R.

Hedylus crassicontis Ashmead, 1899 (1898). In Jordan, Fur Seals and Fur Seal Isls. No.
Pacific, V. 4, p. 339. ♀.

Genus STIBEUTES Foerster

Stibeutes Foerster, 1850. Arch. f. Naturgesch. 16 (1): 76.

Type-species: Stibeutes gravenhorstii Foerster. Desig. by Ashmead, 1900.
Chamaezelus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 181.

Type-species: Stibeutes heinemanni Foerster. Monotypically included and desig. by
Perkins, 1962.
Schizopleuron subg. Scliizopleuron Aubert, 1968. Soc. Ent. de. Mulhouse, Bui. 24: 6.
Described as Schizopleuron n. genus or Medophron subg. Schizopleuron n. subg.
Type-species: Medophron (Schizopleuron) tricinctor Aubert. Monotypic. The
type-species was alternatively described as Schizopleuron tricinctor K\xheri.

Stibeutes yuasai (Bradley)
N. Y.

Phygadeuon (.Stibeutes) yuasai Bradley, 1918. Brooklyn, Ent. Soc, Bui. 13: 99.9.

Genus THEROSCOPUS Foerster

Theroscopus Foerster, 1850. Arch. f. Naturgesch. 16 (1): 72.

Type-species: Pezomachus pedestris Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1914. P.
pedestris Gravenhorst is an identification of Ichneumon pedestris Fabricius.
Chamerpes Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 172.

Type-species: Pezomachus hemipterus Gravenhorst. Monotypically included and
desig. by Viereck, 1914. P. hemipterus Gravenhorst is an identification of
Ichneumon hemipterus Fabricius which Viereck referred to as "Hemiteles
hemipterus Gravenhorst."
Eriplanus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 180.

Type-species: Hemiteles (Eriplanus) metacomet Viereck. By subsequent monotypy
from inclusion by Viereck, 1917.
Phyrtus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Verh. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 181.

Type-species: Pezomachus hemipterus Gravenhorst. Monotypically included and
desig. by Ashmead, 1900. P. hemipterus Gravenhorst is an identification of
Ichneumon hemipterus Fabricius which Ashmead referred to as "Hemiteles
hem ipterus Gravenhorst."
Thysiotorus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 181.

Type-species: Hemiteles (Physiotorus[!]) brevipennis Brischke. Desig. by Viereck,
1914 from two species included by Dalla Torre, 1902. Dalla Torre made the
apparently erroneous assumption that Physiotorus was a typographical error for
Thysiotorus. Cushman (1939) and Perkins (1962) suggest that Physiotorus was a
lapsus Brischke made for Phyrtus instead of a typographical error for
Thysiotorus.
Odontoneura Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 185. N. syn.

Type-species: Phygadeuon a)tnulicornis Thomson. Monotypically included and
desig. by Perkins, 1962. The systematic position of the type-species is discussed
by Frilli (1973).




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Aenoplegimorpha Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 147.

Type-species: Aenoplegimorpha phytonomi Viereck. Monotypic and orig. desig.

Townes (1970) said that Theroscopus "is a large genus of Holarctic distribution; the hosts are
probably various small cocoons."

Taxonomy: Cushman, 1939. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 29: 395-396. -Perkins, 1962. Brit. Mus.
(Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 11: 392. -Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 101.
— Frilli, 1973. Entomologica 9: 95.

Theroscopus nigriceps (Ashmead)
Calif.

Hemiteleft nigriceps Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 400. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 101.
ruflcoxus (Provancher). Que. s. to Conn., w. to Alta. and Utah.; Eurasia. Adventive? Host:

Hypera po.stica (Gyll.). The name which has most frequently been applied to this species
is micator (Gravenhorst), but the original description of Ichneumon micator
Gravenhorst (1807) cannot apply to this species primarily because Gravenhorst
specifically described the female (male not described) as having the scape
yellowish-brown and only the apices of abdominal tergites 1 and 2 yellowish-brown; in
addition, the micator female apparently has black coxae. Cushman (1922) apparently
based his suppression of Aenoplegimoi-pha phytonomi as a synonym of micator upon a
specimen in the U. S. Natl. Museum collection identified as micator by Schmiedeknecht.
The European concept of micator apparently had evolved from Gravenhorst's (1829)
expanded definition of the species. Dr. Klaus Horstmann told me (personal commun.,
1976) that Gravenhorst (1829) described a senior synonym of riificoxus, and its identity
will probably be published prior to the appearance of this catalog.

Hemiteles ruficoxus Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 331. ♂, ♀.

PhygadeuoncornutuH Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13 (no. 155): 334 (key); 13 (no. 156):
356. ♀.

Hemiteh'H politus Bridgman, 1883. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 31: 146. 9. Uncertain syn.;
placed as a synonym of micator by Horstmann (1972).

Phaeogenes recticor)iis Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 42. ♂, ♀.

Aenoplegimorpha phytonomi Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 147. ♂.

Hemiteles (Eriplanus) metaconiet Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist.
Survey Bui. 22: 340. ♀.

Phygadeuon silesiacus Habermehl, 1919. Ztschr. f. Wiss. Insectenbiol. 15: 104. ♀.
Uncertain syn.; placed as a synonym of micator by Habermehl (1926).

Taxonomy: Gravenhorst, 1807. Vergl. Uebers. Zool. Systeme, p. 260. —Gravenhorst, 1829.
Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 832. —Cushman, 1922. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 24: 64. —Roman,
1925 (1924). Arikiv for Zool. 17 A (4): 15-16. -Habermehl, 1926. Deut. Ent. Ztschr. (for
1926), p. 331. —Horstmann, 1972. Entomologist 105: 220.

Biology: Webster, 1912. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Bui. 112: 34. — Boulanger, 1969. Ent. Soc.
Wash., Proc. 71: 149-150.

Theroscopus scapiphorus (Provancher)
Que., Mass., R. I., N. Y.

Atractodes scapiphoriin Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 151. ♂.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1939. Canad. Ent. 71: 92. -Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 561.

Genus MEGACARA Townes

Megacara Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 102.
Type-species: Phygadeuon litcens Provancher. Orig. desig.

This is a small Holarctic genus, with liicens (Provancher) being the only described Nearctic
species.

Megacara lucens (Provancher)
Que., Wash.

Phygadeuon lucois Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 281. ♀.




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Genus PHYGADEUON Gravenhorst

Phygadeuon Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 635.

Type-species: Phygadeuon flavimanua Gravenhorst. Desig. by Westwood, 1840.
Apterophygas Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 172.

Type-species: Apierophygus{\) paradoxus Bridgman. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Bridgman, 1889.
Gu7iopaclies Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 174.

Type-species: Gunopaclies crassus Perkins. Monotypically included and desig. by
Perkins, 1962.
Habrovivia Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 176.

Type-species: Habrovnua nigrum Ashmead. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Ashmead, 1902.
Pantolispa Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 178.

Type-species: Gunopaches crassus Perkins. Monotypically included and desig. by
Perkins, 1962.
Isochresta Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 181.

Type-species: Isochrefita unicincta Ashmead. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Ashmead, 1902.
Bathymetia Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 182.

Type-species: Phygadeuon (Bathymetis) cylindricus Brischke. Desig. by Viereck,
1914 from two species included by Brischke, 1891.
helix Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 182.

Type-species: Phygadeuon nitidus Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from seven
species included by Dalla Torre, 1902.
Homelyn Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 182. Preocc. by Meyer, 1844.
Type-species: Phygadeuon lapponicus Thomson. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Roman, 1909.
Emoctona Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 183.

Type-species: Phygadeuon rugulosus Gravenhorst. Monotypically included and
desig. by Perkins, 1962.
Zaphleges Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 184.

Type-species: Phygadeuon leucostigrnus Ashmead. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Ashmead, 1900.
Phygadeuon subg. Ischnocryptus Kriechbaumer, 1892. Ent. Nachr. 18: 351.

Type-species: Phygadeuon 7iitidus Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.

Members of this large genus parasitize the pupae of cyclorrhaphous Diptera.

Phygadeuon aciculatus Provancher
Que., N. H., N. Y., Minn., Alta.

Phygadeuon aciculatus Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13 (no. 155): 336 (key); 13 (no. 156):
356. ♂.

Phygadeuon alaskensis (Ashmead)
n. comb. Alaska. The holotype has been found.

Microcryptus alaskeyisis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 184. ♂.

Phygadeuon albirictus Cresson
Calif.

Phygadeuon albirichis Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 358. ♂.

Phygadeuon americanus (Cushman)
Maine, N. H., N. Y.

Epitovius americanus Ashmead, 1902. In Slosson, Ent. News 13: 320. Nomen nudum.
Plesignathus americanus Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (8): 23. ♀.

Phygadeuon canadensis (Provancher)
Que.

Stilpnus Canadensis Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 112. ♂.

Phygadeuon capitalis Provancher
Que., Ont., N. Y.

Phygadeuon capitalis Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 57. ♂.

Phygadeuon cephalicus Provancher
Que., N. C.

Phygadeuon cephalicus Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13 (no. 155): 335 (key); 13 (no. 156):
354. ♂.

Phygadeuon coloradensis (Ashmead)
Colo.

Neviatomicrus coloradensis Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 395. ♀.




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Phygadeuon cylindraceus Ruthe
Greenland; Europe. Host: Fucellia fucorum (Fall.), Spaziphom
hydroiuijzina (Fall.).
Phygadeuon cylindraceuf; Ruthe, 1859. Stettin. Ent. Ztg. 20: 367. ♂, ♀.
Phygadeuon siidvoldeusis Morley, 1947 (1946). Suffolk Nat. Soc, Trans. 6: 37. ♂, ♀.

Ta.xonomy: Roman, 1916. Arkiv for Zool. 10 (22): 5. — Aubert, 1975. Soc. Ent. de Mulhouse,
Bui. 31: 15 (syn.).

Biology: Nielsen, 1907. Meddel. om Greenland 39: 385. — Baines and Finlayson, 1949. Ent.
Monthly Mag. 85: 150-151.

Phygadeuon epochrae Viereck
Mont. Host: Epochra canadensis (Loew).

Phygadeuon (Plesignatliiis) epochrae Viereck, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 44: 567. ♂, ♀.

Phygadeuon hudsonicus (Cresson)
"Hudson's Bay Territory."

Stilpnus hudsonicus Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 95. ♂.

Phygadeuon laticinctus Ashmead
Colo.

Phygadeuon laticinctus Ashmead, 1890. Colo. Biol. Soc, Bui. 1: 21. ♀.

Phygadeuon lechevallieri Provancher
Que.

Phygadeuon Lechevallieri Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13 (no. 155): 334 (key); 13 (no.
156): 356. ♀.

Phygadeuon manitouensis (Viereck)
N. Y., Colo., Wash.

Heniiteles {Diaglyptaf) manitouensis Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 290. ♂.

Phygadeuon melanocerus Viereck
Que., R. H., Conn., N. Y., Sask.

Phygadeuon (Plesignathus) melanocerus Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat.
Hist. Survey Bui. 22: 336. ♂.

Phygadeuon mignaulti Provancher
Que.

Phygadeuon Mignaulti Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13 (no. 155): 334 (key); 13 (no. 156):

355. ♀.

Phygadeuon mignaultii Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 688. Emend.

tnontivagus (Ashmead). Colo.

Phaeogenes montivagus Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 13: 394.

Phygadeuon nortoni Viereck
Conn., N. Y. Townes (1970) seems to have suggested that this species may
not belong in Phygadeuon.
Phygadeuon (Plesignathus) nortoni Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist.
Survey Bui. 22: 336. ♂.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 103.

Phygadeuon ovalis Provancher
Que., N. Y.

Phygadeuon ovalis Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 180. ♂, ♀.

Phygadeuon parallelus Provancher
Que. Townes (1944) incorrectly suppressed parallelus as a synonym of
P. canadensis (Provancher).

Phygadeuon parallelus Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13 (no. 155): 335 (key); 13 (no. 156):

356. ♂.

Phygadeuon pisinnus Walkley
Colo.

Ichneumon exiguus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 182. ♀. Preocc. in Phygadeuon

by Gravenhorst, 1829.
Phygadeuon pisinnus Walkley, 1958. In Krombein et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2,
Sup. 1, p. 45. N. name for /. exiguus Cresson.

Phygadeuon pumilus (Cresson)
N. H., R. I., N. Y., N. J., Del.

Cry plus pumilus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc Phila., Proc. 3: 301. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 103.

Phygadeuon quadriceps (Ashmead)
Alaska; e. U. S. S. R.

Bachia nigra Ashmead, 1899 (1898). In Jordan, Fur Seals and Fur Seal Isls. No. Pacific, v.
4, p. 340. ♀. Preocc. in Phygadeuon by Provancher, 1874 and 1876. The association of the
female holotype of Bachia nigra (described from Ostrov Bering [i.e. Bering IsL], U. S. S.
R.) with the male holotypes of the following synonyms (described from Alaska [Unga
Isl. and St. Paul Isl.]) should be considered tentative.
Bathymetis ungae Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 180. ♂.




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Bathymetis quadriceps Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 181. ♂.
Bathymetis sinntlator Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 184. ♂.

Taxonomy: Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 60 (21): 3. — Walkley, 1958. In Krombein
et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, Sup. 1, p. 45.

Phygadeuon quintilis Viereck
Conn.

Phygadeuon (Plenignathus) quintilis Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist.
Survey Bui. 22: 336. ♀.

Phygadeuon sanctipauli (Ashmead)
Alaska.

Stiboscopus sanctipauli Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 171. ♀.
Stiboscopjis mandibidaris Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 172. ♂. N. syn.

Preocc. in Phygadeuon by Cresson, 1864.
Bathyntetis nigriconiis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 177. ♂, ♀. N. syn.
Bathymetis imitator Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 177. ♂, ♀. N. syn.
Bathymetis simulans Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 178. ♀. N. syn.
Bathymetis rubrocincta Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 178. ♂, ♀. N. syn.
Bathymetis siniillima Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 179. ♂, ♀. N. syn.
Bathymetis confusa Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 180. ♂, ♀. N. syn.
Plesiognathus (!) rubrocinctus Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 184. ♂. Preocc. in
Phygadeuon by Ashmead, 1902, p. 178.

Phygadeuon scabrosus (Provancher)
Que.

Hemiteles scabrosus Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 332. ♀.

Taxonomy: Gahan and Rohwer, 1917. Canad. Ent. 49: 429. —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102:
560 (rejection of lectotype selected by Gahan and Rohwer, 1917).

Phygadeuon slossonae Cushman
N. H.

Bathymetis slossonae Ashmead, 1906. In Slosson, Ent. News 17: 324. Nomen nudum.
Phygadeuon slossonae Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (8): 21. ♀.

Phygadeuon solidus Lundbeck
Greenland.

Phygadeuon solidus Lundbeck, 1897 (1896). Dansk. Naturhist. For., Vidensk. Meddel. (for
1896), p. 225. ♀.

Taxonomy: Roman, 1916. Arkiv for Zool. 10 (22): 2.

Phygadeuon subfuscus Cresson
Que., Mass., N. Y., Ohio, 111., Iowa.

Phygadeuon subfuscus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 311. ♀.

Platylabus crassiconiis Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 37. ♀.

Phygadeuon timidus Cresson
Tex.

Phygadeuon titnidus Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 161. ♂.

Phygadeuon townsendi (Ashmead)
Mich.

Hemiteles townsendi Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 405. ♂.

Hemiteles townsendii Dalia Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 667. Emend.

Phygadeuon unicinctus (Ashmead)
Alaska.

Habromma nigrum Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 24: 188. ♂. Preocc. in
Phygadeuon by Provancher, 1874 and 1876 and by Bachia nigra Ashmead, 1899.

Isochresta unicincta Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 190. ♂.

Taxonomy: Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 60 (21): 3.

Phygadeuon vernalis (Brues)
Mass.

Microcryptus (Theroscopus) vernalis Brues, 1910. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 8: 77. ♀.

Phygadeuon victoriensis Townes
B. C.

Centeterus ca)iadensis Harrington, 1894. Canad. Ent. 26: 210. ♀. Preocc. in Phygadeuon by

Provancher, 1875.
Phygadeuon victoriensis Townes, 1944. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 226. N. name for C.

Phygadeuon canadensis
***authority mismatch
Harrington.

Phygadeuon zapotecus Cresson
Pa., Tenn., S. C; Mexico.

Phygadeuon zapotecus Cresson, 1873. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 25: 140. ♂.




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Genus CERATOPHYGADEUON Viereck

Ceratophygodeuon Viereck, 1924. Canad. Ent. 56: 110.

Type-species: Ceratophygadeuon taeniatiis Viereck. Monotypic.
Remonzia Seyrig, 1952. Acad. Malgache, Mem. 39: 21.

Type-species: Renionzia impostor Seyrig. Monotypic.
Remonzia subg. Euremonzia Aubert, 1965. Soc. Ent. Mulhouse, Bui. 21: 17.

Type-species: Remonzia (Euremonzia) parvicaudator Aubert. Monotypic and orig.
desig.

Townes' (1970) description and key characters for this genus are partly inaccurate and
misleading. In making his description and choosing the characters to use in his key to the genera
of the Phygadeuontina, Townes appears to have neglected the type-species of
Ceratophygadeuon and based his description and key mainly upon a group of species (which I
will call the perditiis group) whose members are at least in part parasitic upon the larvae of
Stratiomyidae. However, even the males of the perditus group (and occasionally the females as
well) often have two median apical teeth on the clypeus instead of the "single median tooth"
described by Townes. Viereck described Ceratophygadeuon as having the "clypeus bituberculate
at [the] ape.x." which roughly agrees with the two specimens of the type-species I have seen and
with Townes' figure of that species (One of the specimens is like Townes figure in having what
could be described as a single bifid clypeal tooth). In addition to its sharp facial tubercle (whence
the name Ceratophygadeuon), the type-species has a rather unusual mandible which is short,
very broad basally, narrowed very little from base to apex, and transversely concave on its
outer surface; in the two examined specimens, both of the mandibular teeth have been worn
down, but probably were almost equal in length. In species of the perditus group, the mandible
is long, narrow, rather strongly tapered somewhat internal to the upper tooth, which seems to
agree with what little Townes says concerning the mandible of Ceratophygadeuon. I do not
know if either of the names Remonzia or Euremonzia would be applicable to members of the

Ceratophygadeuon perditus
***authority mismatch
group.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 94, 104, 399.

Ceratophygadeuon brevacus (Townes)
Que., N. Y., Mich., Minn., Sask.

Platylabus aciculatus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 36, 37. ♀.
Formerly preocc. in Phygadeuon by Provancher, 1882. The variant spelling "acilatus"
which appears on p. 37 of the "Additions" was rejected in favor of aciculatus by
Provancher (1889) in the errata (p. 476) of the same work.
Phygadeuon brevacus Townes, 1944. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 220. N. name for
Platylabus aciculatus Provancher.

Ceratophygadeuon perditus (Provancher)
Que., Ont., N. Y., Sask.

Cryptus perditus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 73. ♂.

Ceratophygadeuon provancheri (Walkley)
Que.

Platylabus cijicticornis Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 38. ♀.

Formerly preocc. in Phygadeuon by Cresson, 1864.
Phygadeuon provancheri Walkley, 1958. In Krombein et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog.

2, Sup. 1, p. 45. N. name for Platylabus cincticornis Provancher.

Ceratophygadeuon taeniatus Viereck
Que., Ont., Sask.; Sweden.

Ceratophygadeuon taeniatiis Viereck, 1924. Canad. Ent. 56: HI. 9.
Phygadeuon conifrons Roman, 1925 (1924). Arkiv for Zool. 17 A (4): 10. ♀.

Taxonomy: Roman, 1938. Ent. Tidskr. 59: 35 (syn.).

Subtribe STILPNINA

So far as is known members of this subtribe are parasites of cyclorrhaphous Diptera, oviposit-
ing into late-instar larvae and emerging from puparia.

Genus STILPNUS Gravenhorst

Stilpnus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 1, p. 664.

Type-species: Stilpnus gagates Gravenhorst. Desig. by Curtis, 1832.
Xestophyes Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 189.




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Type-species: Xetitophya fallax Foerster. Desig. by Ashmead, 1900 from two
species included by Foerster, 1876.
Polyrhembia Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 189.

Type-species: Heyniteles tenebricosus Gravenhorst. Included and desig. by Foerster,
1876.
Xestophya Foerster, 1876. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 33: 27. Emend.

Townes (1970) said S(ilp7ius is a moderately large genus, known from the Holarctic and
Neotropic regions.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 106.

Stilpnus gagates (Gravenhorst)
Que. s. to N. C, w. to Alaska and Calif.; Honduras, Chile; Europe.

Host: Fannia canicularif; (L.).
Ichneionon gagates Gravenhorst, 1807. Vergl. Uebers. Zool. Systeme, p. 263. [female].
StilpnuH aniericanus Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 95. ♂, ♀.
Megastylim politus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 331. ♂.
Hewiteles orbicularis Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11 (no. 124): 123. "♂"=♀.
Stilpnus anthoniyidiperda Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 644. ♂, ♀.
StilpnuH gagates var. Robinsoni Roman, 1922. In Skottsberg, Nat. Hist. Juan Fernandez

and Easter Isl, v. 3, p. 293. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1966. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: 56 (syn.). —Townes, 1970
(1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 106 (syn.).

Biology: Legner, 1966. Jour. Econ. Ent. 59: 999.

Stilpnus laevis Provancher
Que.

Stilpnm laevis Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13: 332. ♀.

Stilpus levis Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 738. Emend.

Stilpnus tenebricosus (Gravenhorst)
Greenland, Alaska; Europe.

Heiiiiteles tenebricosus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 785. ♂.

Ichneumon nitidulator Zetterstedt, 1838. Insecta Lapponica ... Hym., p. 362. "♂"=♀.

Taxonomy: Roman, 1918. Arkiv for Zool. 12 (2): 30-31 (syn.).

Genus MESOLEPTUS Gravenhorst

Mesolepttis Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 3.

Type-species: Ichneumon laevigatus Gravenhorst. Desig. by Curtis, 1837.
Exolytus Holmgren, 1859 (1858). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad., Ofvers af ... Forhandl. 15: 328.

Type-species: Ichneumon laevigatus Gravenhorst. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Exolytus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 189. Preocc. by Holmgren,
1858.

Type-species: Ichneumon laevigatus Gravenhorst. Included and desig. by Foerster,
1876.

Gravenhorst's concept of Mesoleptus included elongate Ichneumonidae of diverse affinities.
The species placed in Mesoleptus by Provancher and Cresson were of comparable diversity, but
most European authors restricted the appHcation of the name to a group of species now in the
Ctenopelmatinae: Euryproctini.

Mesoleptus borealis (Davis)
"Hudson Bay Territory."

Exolytus borealis Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 355. "♂"=♀.

Mesoleptus davisii (Dalla Torre)
Colo.

Exolytus petiolaris Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 355. 6. Preocc in

Mesoleptus by Thomson, 1884.
Exolytus davisii Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 727. N. name for E. petiolaris Davis.

Mesoleptus declivus (Provancher)
Que., Ont., N. Y., Oreg. Host: Sepedon fuscipenyiis Loew, Pherbiella
sclioe)iherri niaculata (Cr.).
Hemiteles declivus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 60. ♂, ♀.
Atractodes sepedontis Ashmead, 1901. In Needham and Betten, N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 47:
588. ♀.

Taxonomy: Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 459 (lectotype selected).




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Mesoleptus glaucus (Davis)
N. Y., Mich.

Exolytun glaiicus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 354. ♂, ♀.

ignotus Cresson. N. Y., Ohio, W. Va.

Mesoleptux^ ignotus Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. See, Trans. 2: 103. ♀.

Exolytus nielanosceli.s DeGant, 1933. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 83: 3. ♀.

Mesoleptus ithacae (Ashmead)
Que., Ont., Conn., N. Y., N. J.

Pyracmou iucompletum Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 90. ♀. Preocc. in Mesolepttis by Provancher, 1875.

Exolytus ithacae Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 206. ♀.

Genus ATRACTODES Gravenhorst

Atractodes Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 739.

Type-species: Atractodes bicolor Gravenhorst. Desig. by Westwood, 1840.
Zetesima Foerster, 1876. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 33: 27.

Type-species: Zetesima nifipes Foerster. Monotypic and orig. desig. The name of
the type-species is preocc. in Atractodes by Provancher, 1874.
Asyncrita Foerster, 1876. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 33: 29.

Type-species: Atractodes foveolatus Gravenhorst. Orig. desig.

Atractodes aciculatus (Davis)
N. H., N. Y.

Exolytus aciculatus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 354. cJ, 9.

Atractodes alamagnus (Davis)
Colo.

Exolytus alawagnus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 355. ♂.

Atractodes alaskensis (Ashmead)
Alaska, Wash., Oreg.

Exolytus alaskensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 167. ♀.
Exolytus seldoviae Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 168. ♂.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 107 (syn.).

Atractodes ambiguus Ruthe
Alaska; n. Eurasia. Ecology: Occurs in moist biotypes (see Petersen, 1956).
Atractodes ambiguus Ruthe, 1859. Stettin. Ent. Ztg. 20: 377. ♀.
Exolytus ungae Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 167. c?, 9.
Exolytus insularis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 168. ♀.
Atractodes truncator Roman, 1909. In Hamberg, Naturw. Untersuch. Sarekgebirges
Schwedish-Lappland, v. 4, p. 228. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Roman, 1928. In Lindroth, Goteborgs K. Vetensk. Vitterhets-Samhalles Handl.
(5B) 1 (4): 20 (syn.). —Townes, 1944. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 229 (syn.).

Biology: Petersen, 1956. In Fridhriksson and Tuxen, Zool. Iceland, v. 3, pt. 49-50, p. 70.

Atractodes americanus (Ashmead)
N. H., N. Y., N. C, S. C, Tenn., Kans. Ecology: Found in late fall at
carrion.
Isclinus americanus Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 394. ♀.

Atractodes arcticus Holmgren
Greenland; n. Eurasia.

Atractodes arcticus Holmgren, 1872. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad., Ofvers af ... Forh. 29 (6): 99. ♂.
Taxonomy: Roman, 1916. Arkiv for Zool. 10 (22): 8. —Roman, 1934. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.
(10) 14: 607-608.

Atractodes ashmeadi Cushman
N. H.

Asyncrita conipressa Ashmead (!), 1897. In Slosson, Ent. News 8: 237. Lapsus for and

misidentification of Stilpnus^ conipressus Cresson (compare Ashmead, 1900 with

Cushman, 1922).
Atractodes ashmeadi Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 61 (8): 6. ♀.

Taxonomy: Ashmead, 1900. In Smith, N. J. State Bd. Agr., Ann. Rpt. 27, sup., p. 568.

Atractodes aterrimus Holmgren
Greenland.

Atractodes aterrimus Holmgren, 1872. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad., Ofvers af ... Forh. 29 (6): 98. ♂.

Taxonomy: Roman, 1916. Arkiv for Zool. 10 (22): 9. —Roman, 1934. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.
(10) 14: 607 (description of female).




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Atractodes brevissimus (Dalla Torre)
N. H., R. I., N. Y., Mich., Wash.

Exolytm brevis Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 355. ♀. Preocc. by

Foerster, 1876.
Exolytus brevissi))iun Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 727. N. name for E. brevis

Davis.
Atractodes serpedonten (!) Ashmead, 1902. In Slosson, Ent. News 13: 6. Lapsus for and

misidentification oi Atractodea nepedontis Ashmead, a synonym of Mesoleptus declivus

(Cresson).
Atractodes serpedontus Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (8): 7.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 107 (syn.).

Atractodes compressus (Cresson)
Colo.

Stilpnns^ coDipressiis Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 260. ♂.

Atractodes cultus (Davis)
Colo.

ExolytuH cultus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 355. ♀.

Atractodes fatuus Townes
N. Mex.

Phygadeuon polita Viereck, 1903. bi Skinner, Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 82. ♂. Preocc. in

Atractodes by Provancher, 1874 and Ashmead, 1890.
Atractodes fdtuus Townes, 1944. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 231. N. name for P. polita
Viereck.

Atractodes gillettei (Ashmead)
Colo.

Seleucus gillettei Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 206. ♂.

Atractodes grandis Cushman
N. H.

Exolytus grandis Ashmead, 1900. I)i Slosson, Ent. News 11: 320. Nomen nudum.

Atractodes grandis Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 61 (8): 7. ♀.

Atractodes kincaidi (Ashmead)
Alaska.

Exolytus perplexus Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 165. ♂.

Exolytus satictipauli Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 166. ♀.

Exolytus kincaidi Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 167. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 107 (syn.).

Atractodes laphroscopoides (Viereck)
Ariz.

Hemiteles {Diaglyptaf) laphroscopoides Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 294. ♂.

Atractodes necrix Mason
S. C. Ecology: Occurs on carrion.

Atractodes necrix Mason, 1971. In Payne and Mason, Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 73: 139. ♀.

Atractodes nigricoxus Provancher
Que., Mass.

Atractodes nigricoxus Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13: 368. ♂.

Atractodes nigricoxatus Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 722. Unecessary n. name for

Atractodes nigricoxus Provancher
; not preocc. by nigricoxis Foerster, 1876.

Atractodes pacificus Townes
B. C.

Angitia Americana Harrington, 1894. Canad. Ent. 26: 246. ♀. Preocc. in Atractodes by

Ashmead, 1890.
Atractodes pacificus Townes, 1944. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 232. N. name for Angitia

a)nerica)ia Harrington.

Atractodes politus (Provancher)
Que.

Ca))ipoplex politus Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 144. ♀. Preocc. by Foerster, 1868. Not

renamed because of uncertain synonymy.

Atractodes popofensis (Ashmead)
Alaska; e. U. S. S. R.

Exolytus niger Ashmead, 1899 (1898). In Jordan, Fur Seals and Fur Seal Isls. No. Pacific,

v. 4, p. 338. 9. Preocc in Atractodes by Brulle, 1846.
Exolytus popofensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 166. ♂, ♀.
Atractodes ebeninus Walkley, 1958. In Krombein et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2,

sup. 1, p. 45. N. name for E. niger Ashmead; this n. name was unnecessary because it

was proposed when popofoisis was already standing as a junior synonym of E. niger.

Atractodes rufiventris (Ashmead)
Mich., S. Dak.

Seleucus rufiventris Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 207. ♀.
Exolytus dakotaensis Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 354. ♂.




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Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 107 (syn.).

Atractodes ungensis (Ashmead)
Sask., Alaska.

Exoljitus ungoisis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 169. ♀.
Exolytus rubrocinctus Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 169. ♂.

Subtribe CREMNODINA

Genus CREMNODES Foerster

Cre}>nio(les Foerster, 1850. Arch. f. Naturgesch. 16 (1): 72.

Type-species: Iclineiinion atricapillus Gravenhorst. Orig. desig.
Caeno)ueris Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 174.

Type-species: Xentophya nigripes Ashmead. Monotypically included and desig. by
Townes, 1944.
Stygera Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 176.

Type-species: Stygera rnfipes Perkins. Monotypically included and desig. by
Perkins, 1962.
Cre))i)ii(is Roman, 1939. Ent. Tidskr. 60: 186. Unecessary n. name for Cremnodes Foerster,
which is not preocc. by Gerst, 1858. Roman thought Cremnodes was described by
Foerster in 1868.

Taxonomy: Pefkins, 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 11: 397-398, 411, 415, 454.

Cremnodes nigripes (Ashmead)
Alaska.

Xestophya polita Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 162. ♂, ♀.
Xentophya nigripes Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 163. ♂.

Unplaced Taxa of Hemitelini

Heviiteles nigricans Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13: 360. 6. Que.

Taxonomy: Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 514.

Tribe APTESINI

In transferring the genus Echtlirus to the group he formerly called the Hemigastrini, Townes
(1970) changed the name of the group to Echthrini because of his preference to base super-
generic group names upon the oldest included genus rather than upon the oldest supergeneric
name; following the latter practice would have resulted in his retention of the name Hemigas-
trini. Because of my belief that Hetnigaster actually belongs in the group Townes (1970) called
the subtribe Baryceratina (tribe Cryptini), the name Hemigastrina is here applied to that sub-
tribe.

Most Aptesini oviposit into the cocoons of sawflies, but the species of Echthrus and
Demopheles parasitize wood boring Coleoptera, and Polytribax parasitizes Lepidoptera.

Revision: Townes and Gupta, 1962. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 1-305.

Taxonomy: Townes, 19701969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 111-140 (genera of world).

Genus DEMOPHELES Foerster

Demopheles Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 186.

Type-species: Phygadeuon caliginosus in the sense of Thomson (1873). By
subsequent monotypy from inclusion by Ashmead, 1900. Ashmead (1900)
suppressed the monotypic genus Mecocryptns as a synonym of Demopheles,
thereby including the type-species of Mecocryptns (which see) in Demopheles (cf.
Perkins, 1962).

Mecocryptns Thomson, 1873. Opusc. Ent. 5: 520, 521.

Type-species: Phygadenon caliginosus Gravenhorst, not as restricted by

Taschenberg and Frilli. Monotypic and orig. desig. Thomson did not say that he
was applying the name caliginosus to Gravenhorst's female, but this is implied by
the fact that on the same two pages he described a new genus and species,
Stenocryptus nigriventris, for what he believed to be Phygadeuon caliginosus




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"Taschenberg;" Taschenberg applied the name caliginosu^ to Gravenhorst's male
and validated the name Phyyadeiion corrnptor for Gravenhorst's female. Frilli
(1975) selected Gravenhorst's male as the lectotype of caliginosus, leaving
corrnptor as the valid name for P. caliginosus in the sense of Thomson.

A single species of Holarctic distribution is known; it was revised by Townes (1963) to include
four subspecies, the European D. corrupter corrnptor, the Japanese D. corrnptor atripes
Townes, and two Nearctic ones.

Revision: Townes, 1963. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 65: 47-50.

Taxonomy: Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, pp. 645-646. —Taschenberg, 1865. Ztsch.
f. die Gesam. Naturw. Halle 25: 22, 49. — Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 177,
214. -Perkins, 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 11: 416. -Frilli, 1975 (1974). Soc.
Ent. Ital., Mem. 53: 127-129.
corruptor maturus (Provancher). Que. s. to Ga., w. to w. Ont. and possibly Alta. Host: Clytus
ruricola (Oliv.). The Alta. record is based upon a male from Edmonton, and the
distinction between the Nearctic subspecies is so far based only upon females.
Phijgadenon niaturns Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11: 68. ♀.
corruptor rufatus Townes. Colo., N. Mex., Wash.

Demopheles corruptor rnfotus Townes, 1963. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 65: 49. ♀.

Genus JAVRA Cameron

CneiHOcryptus Cameron, 1903. Manchester Lit. and Phil. Soc, Mem. and Proc. 47 (14): 38.

Type-species: Cnemocryptns volidicornis Cameron. Monotypic. The type-species is
regarded as a synonym of J. parviceps Cameron.
Javra Cameron, 1903. Manchester Lit. and Phil. Soc, Mem. and Proc. 47 (14): 47.

Type-species: Jarra parviceps Cameron. Monotypic.
Finchra Cameron, 1907. Ztschr. System. Hym. Dipt. 7: 463.

Type-species: Finchra gracilis Cameron. Monotypic.
Monocryptns Hellen, 1956. Notulae Ent. 36: 135.

Type-species: Cratocryptus opacus Thomson. Monotypic.

This genus is Holarctic and Oriental, with most of the species occurring in Asia.

Javra glaesaria Townes
R. L, N. Y., Ont.

Javra glaesaria Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 13. ♀.

Javra rugata Townes
Va., Ohio.

Javra rugata Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 12. ♀.

Genus PARMORTHA Townes

Parmortha Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 14.

Type-species: Parmortha plenralis atripes Townes. Orig. desig. P. plenralis atripes
is regarded as a synonym of P. plenralis albomaculata (Ashmead).

This is a small genus of Holarctic distribution. The hosts are allantine sawflies which pupate in
the stems of weeds and shrubs.

Parmortha circumcincta
***authority mismatch
circumcincta (Provancher). Que. w. to e. B. C, s. to n. S. C. and Colo.

Cryptus circumcinctns Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11 (no. 125): 132. ♂.

Parmortha circumcincta
***authority mismatch
flavipes (Harrington). Alta. s. to Colo., w. to B. C. and Calif. Host: Ametastegia glabrata (Fall.).
Cryptus flavipes Harrington, 1894. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 26: 212. ♀.

Parmortha parvula (Gravenhorst)
N. S. and n. Ont. w. to Alaska, s. to N. J. and Oreg; Eurasia. Host:
Ametastegia glabrata (Fall.).
Cryptus parvulns Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 459. ♀ (♂ misdet.).
Cryptus erythropus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 469. ♂.
Cryptus velox Harris, 1835. In Hitchcock, Rpt. Geol. Mineral. Bot. Zool. Mass., ed. 2, p. 584.

Nomen nudum.
Cryptus velox Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 293. ♀.




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Cryptus osculatus Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 178. ♂.
hofinail) tibialis Ashmead, 1897. In Slosson, Ent. News 8: 237. Nomen nudum.
pleuralis arctica Townes. Northern Que., N. W. T., Alaska. P. pleitralis pleumlia (Thomson)

occurs in Europe, and P. pleuralis alboy)iaciilata (Ashmead) occurs in Japan.
Parmortha pleuralis arctica Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem.

2: 19. ♂, ♀.

pleuralis signata (Provancher). Southern Que. w. to s. Alaska, s. to N. C. and Wash. Host:

A))ietastegia glabrata (Fall.).
Cryptus quebecensis Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 179. ♀.
Cryptus signatiis Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 179. ♀.
Pannortha pleuralis alpina Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem.

2: 22. ♀. N. syn.

Taxonomy: Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 540, 566-567 (discussion of Provancher types).

Genus CRATOCRYPTUS Thomson

Cratocryptus Thomson, 1873. Opusc. Ent. 5: 521.

Type-species: Cryptus furcator Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.

This genus includes only two species which Townes (1970) said "might better be treated as
subspecies."

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 128.

Cratocryptus petilus Townes
Que., Ont., Mich., B. C. Host: Cephalcia sp.

Cratocryptus petilus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 26. ♂, ♀.

Genus CUBOCEPHALUS Ratzeburg

Cubocephalus Ratzeburg, 1848. Ichn. d. Forstins., v. 2, p. 121.

Type-species: Cryptus fort i pes Gravenhorst. Monotypic. The type-species is
regarded as a synonym of Cubocephalus distinctor (Thunberg).
Ecporthetor Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 184.

Type-species: Cryptus fort i pes Gravenhorst. Monotypically included and desig. by
Ashmead, 1900.
Pammachus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 184.

Type-species: Stenocryptns nigriventris Thomson. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Ashmead, 1900. Ashmead (1900) suppressed the monotypic genus
Stenocryptns as a synonym o{ Paniviachus, thereby including S. nigriventris (cf.
Perkins, 1962).
Chaeretynnna Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 187.

Type-species: Cryptus anatorius Gravenhorst. Monotypically included and desig. by
Schmiedeknecht, 1890.
Stenocryptns Thomson, 1873. Opusc. Ent. 5: 520, 521.

Type-species: Stenocryptus nigriventis Thomson. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Microcryptus Thomson, 1873. Opusc. Ent. 5: 520, 521.

Type-species: Cryptus eryflirinns Gravenhorst. Monotypic.
Planocryptus Heinrich, 1949. Muenchner Ent. Gesell., Mitt. 35-39: 56.
Type-species: Planocryptus niirabilis Heinrich. Orig. desig.

This is a large Holarctic genus. The few available rearing records indicate that the species
parasitize sawflies which pupate in plant tissue, under bark, etc.

Taxonomy: Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 31, 186, 218. —Perkins, 1962. Brit.
Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 11: 442.
alacris (Cresson). Newfoundland (Labrador) s. to n.w. S. C, w. to Alaska and Calif. Host:
Ametastegia glabrata (Fallen). In the tribal revision of Townes and Gupta (1962),
Townes recognized four subspecies, three of which were sympatric.
Cryptus alacris Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 306. ♀.
Leptobatus Caiiadensis Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (5): 145. ♀. N. syn.




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Mesostentift nigriconiis Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (9): 264. 6. Temporarily preocc. in

CryptuH by Brulle, 1846.
Cryptufi eburniefrons Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11 (no. 125): 133. ♂.
Cryptus niellipes Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 68. ♀.
CryptuH erytliropygufi Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada, Hym., p. 69. ♀.

N. syn.
Phygadeiion ater Ashmead, 1890. Colo. Biol. Assoc, Bui. 1: 20. ♀. N. syn.
Cryptus Lavogleri Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 576. N. name for M. nigricomis

Provancher.
Chaereiymwa mmuta Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 465. ♂, ♀. N. syn.

Taxonomy: Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 441, 453-454, 464, 467, 508, 528-529 (discussion of
Provancher types).

Cubocephalus annectus Townes
N. S. w. to n. Alaska, s. to N. H., N. Mex., and Calif.

Pliaeogenes nigriconiis Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13: 330. ♂. Preocc. in Cuhocephalus

by Me>;oste)iHs nigriconiis Provancher, 1875.
Cryptus spissicornis Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 361. ♀.

Preocc. by Provancher, 1886.
Cubocephalus annectus Townes, 1944. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 234. N. name for Cryptus

spissicornis Provancher.
Cubocephalus atricornis Townes, 1944. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 235. N. name for P.
nigriconiis Provancher, 1888.

Cubocephalus annulatus (Cresson)
Que. w. to Alta., s. to w. N. C. Ecology: Two specimens emerged from
the canes of raspberries which were infested by Agriius auriclialceus Redt.
Phygadeuon annulatus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc 3: 308. ♀.
Cryptus ruficoxus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (6): 176. ♂.

Cubocephalus aquilonius Townes and Gupta
Newfoundland (Labrador) w. to n. B. C, Yukon, and Alaska;
also Colo.
Cubocephalus aquilonius Townes and Gupta, 1962. Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 2: 53. ♂, ♀.

Cubocephalus ardens Townes
N. H., Ont., Mich., Wis., Colo., Alaska.

Cubocephalus ardens Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 109.
d, 9.

Cubocephalus armillatus Walkley
Que.

Cryptus collaris Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 71. Preocc

by Rudow, 1883.
Cubocephalus armillatus Walkley, 1958. In Krombein et o/., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog.
2, Sup. 1, p. 45. N. name for Cryptus collaris Provancher.

Cubocephalus ashmeadii (Harrington)
Mont., Ariz., B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif. Host: A)netastegia glabrata
(Fall.), Trypoxylon sp.
Chaeretynima ashmeadii Harrington, 1894. Canad. Ent. 26: 212. ♀.

Cubocephalus atriclunis Townes and Gupta
Maine w. to B. C, s. to N. J. and s. Mich.

Cubocephalus atriclunis Townes and Gupta, 1962. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 56. ♂, ♀.

Cubocephalus baldaufii (Dalla Torre)
Que. w. to Sask., s. to N. Y., Ind., and Minn.

Cryptus scutellatus Provancher, 1877. Nat. Canad. 9: 12. 6. Preocc by Smith, 1858.
Cryptus baldaufii Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 563. N. name for Cryptus
scutellatus Provancher.

Cubocephalus brevicornis (Taschenberg)
Northern Que., n. Mich., Colo., n. Yukon, Alaska; Europe.

Phygadeuon brei'icornis Taschenberg, 1865. Ztschr. f. die Gesam. Naturw. Halle 25: 48. ♀.

Cubocephalus caligneus Townes
N. C.

Cubocephalus caligneus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2:
109. ♀.

Cubocephalus callicerus Townes
N. S., Que., N. Y., Ont., Mich., Ohio.

Cubocephalus callicerus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 2:
115. ♂, ♀.

Cubocephalus carnosus Townes
Que., N. H., Mich., Ohio.

Cubocephalus carnosus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2:
114. ♂, ♀.




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Cubocephalus cincticornis (Cresson)
Que. s. to Pa., w. to Mich, and 111.

Phygadeiton cincticornis Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Free. 3: 309. ♀.

Cubocephalus contractus Townes and Gupta
Newfoundland (Labrador) w. to n. Yukon and Alaska, s. to N.
Y., Mich., Colo., and Wash.
Cubocephaluf! contractus Townes and Gupta, 1962. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 46. ♂, ♀.

Cubocephalus denticulatus
***authority mismatch
denticulatus Townes. Que., Maine, Vt., N. Y., Mich.

Cuboceplialus (lenticulatus denticulatus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent.
Inst., Mem. 2: 43. ♂, ♀.

Cubocephalus denticulatus
***authority mismatch
obscuripes Townes. Alaska.

Cuboceplialus denticulatus obscuripes Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent.
Inst., Mem. 2: 42. ♀.

Cubocephalus dreisbachi Townes
Que. s. to Conn., w. to Alta. and Kans. Townes (1962) said this species "is
very close to C. ash mead ii and may prove to be an eastern subspecies of it."
Cuboceplialus dreisbachi Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 94. ♂, ♀.

Cubocephalus euryops Townes
Vt., Ont., Mich., Minn.

Cubocephalus euryops Townes, 1962. hi Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 64. ♂, ♀.

Cubocephalus flavipes Townes
N. Y., Mich.

Cubocephalus Jlacipes Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 72. ♂, ♀.

Cubocephalus hebes Townes
Sask., Mont.

Cubocephalus hebes Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 66. ♂, ♀.

Cubocephalus hirtipes
***authority mismatch
hirtipes Townes. Alta. s. to N. Mex., w. to Wash, and Calif.

Cubocephalus hirtipes hirtipes Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst.,
Mem. 2: 122. ♂, ♀.

Cubocephalus hirtipes
***authority mismatch
trachodes Townes. N. H. Ecology: Occurs above timberline on Mt. Washington.
Cubocephalus hirtipes trachodes Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst.,
Mem. 2: 122. ♂, ♀.

Cubocephalus impressus (Provancher)
Que. s. to n. Ga., w. to Minn, and Colo.
Ischnus impressus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 112. ♂.

Cubocephalus incisus
***authority mismatch
atriventris Townes and Gupta. Ariz.

Cubochephalus incisus atriventris Townes and Gupta, 1962. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 44. ♀.

Cubocephalus incisus
***authority mismatch
incisus Townes and Gupta. N. Y., Mich.

Cubochephalus incisus incisus Townes and Gupta, 1962. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 45. ♂, ♀.

Cubocephalus incognitus (Provancher)
Que., Vt., Mass., N. Y., Ont., Mich., Wyo.

Crypfus incognitus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 70. ♂.

Cubocephalus inhabilis (Provancher)
Que. w. to Alta. and Wash., s. to e. Tenn., Colo., and Calif.
Phygadeuon inhabilis Provancher, 1877. Nat. Canad. 9: 11. ♀.

Cubochephalus inhabilis u)n bonater Tov/nes, 1962. hi Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent.
Inst., Mem. 2: 87. ♂, ♀. N. syn.

Cubocephalus laticeps (Cresson)
N. B. s. to S. C, w. to Minn., S. Dak., Tex., and Calif.

Crypt us laticeps Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 157. ♂.
lissopleuris Townes and Gupta. Maine, N. Y., Pa., s. w. N. C.

Cubocephalus U.^sopleuris Townes and Gupta, 1962. Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 2: 59. ♂.

Cubocephalus longicaudus (Provancher)
Que. s. to Ga., w. to Minn.

Cryptus longicaudus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 68. ♀.

Crypfus .tchniuckii Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 588. Unnecessary n. name for
Cryptus longicaudus Provancher; the latter not preocc. by Crypfus longicauda Brulle.

Cubocephalus maurus (Cresson)
Que., ont., Mich., N. W. T., Alta., B. C, Calif.

Echthrusi maurus Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 381. ♀.




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Cubocephalus miarus Townes and Gupta
Maine, N. H., N. Y., n.w. S. C, Mich., Wis.

Ciiboceplialns inianis Townes and Gupta, 1962. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 54. ♂, ♀.

Cubocephalus micans Townes
P. E. I. s. to N. Y., w. to Minn.

Cubocepliaiun micans Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 112.

c5, 9.

Cubocephalus molaris Townes and Gupta
Que., N. Y., Ont., Minn., Wyo., Colo., N. Mex., Yukon, B. C, Oreg.,

Calif.
Cubocephaius molaris leechi Townes and Gupta, 1962. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 50. ♂. N. syn.
Cubocephaius 7nolaris molaris Townes and Gupta, 1962. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 50. ♂, ♀.
Cubocephaius molaris cervinus Townes and Gupta, 1962. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 51. c^, 9. N. syn.

Cubocephalus nigriventris (Thomson)
Que. w. to B. C, s. to s.w. N. C, Mich., Colo., and Oreg; Eurasia. In

describing nigriventris Thomson stated that it is the species for which Taschenberg

(1865) had used the name Phygadeuon caliginosus Gravenhorst (1829). Apparently

Thomson was mistai
Gravenhorst's male, and a male which was selected as lectotype of caliginosus by Frilli

(1975) was identified by Frilli as a species of Phygadeuon.
Stenocrypfus nigriventris Thomson, 1874. Opusc. Ent. 6: 604. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 645-646. —Taschenberg, 1865. Ztschr.
f. die Gesam. Naturw. Halle 25: 22, 49. -Frilli, 1975 (1974). Soc. Ent. Ital., Mem. 53:
127-129.

Cubocephalus nitidus
***authority mismatch
nitidus (Provancher). N. S. w. to Alta., s. to Pa. and Mich.
Mesostenus nitidus Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 301. ♂.
Cryptus occidentalis Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 314. ♀.
Phygadeuon nitiduhis Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11: 70. Unnecessarily proposed n.

name for M. nitidus; although nitidus was preocc. in Phygadeuon by Gravenhorst, 1829,

Provancher could have used the name ruficoxus for the species because he suppressed

Mesostenus ruficoxus (as "ruficornis [!]") Provancher and Cryptus ruficoxus

Provancher as synonyms of Jiitidulus.
Cryptus ignotus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 73. ♂.
Cryptus iuellicoxus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p 75. ♂.

Cubocephalus nitidus
***authority mismatch
totus Townes. Western Wyo., Alasi
Cubocephaius nitidus totus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem.

2:79. ♂, ♀.

Cubocephalus pallidas (Cresson)
Que. w. to B. C, s. to n.w. S C, Ark., and Kans. In the tribal revision of

Townes and Gupta (1962), Townes recognized two subspecies which were largely

sympatric.
Mesoleptus vultus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 268. ♂.
Cryptus pallidus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phla., Proc. 3: 307 9.
Cryptus spissicomis Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 68. ♂, ♀.

N. syn.

Cubocephalus pentagonalis (Provancher)
Ont. According to Barron (1975) pentagonalis was incorrectly

suppressed as a synonym of Cubocephaius alacris canadensis (Provancher) (= alacris

Cresson) by Townes (1962), the latter author apparently having erroneously disregarded

the lectotype selected by Gahan and Rohwer (1917).
Cryptus pentagonalis Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 66. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Gahan and Rohwer, 1917. Canad. Ent. 49: 394. —Townes, 1962. In Townes and
Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 89-91. —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 528-529.

Cubocephalus personatus Townes
Wash., Oreg., Calif.

Cubocephaius personatus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 105. ♂, ♀.


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Cubocephalus pictus Townes
Mich., ?n.w. S. C. Townes said that "the correlation of the males [from Mich.]
and the female [from S. C] of this species involves much conjecture, and may not be
correct."
Cubocephalus pidus Townes, 1962. hi Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 111. ♂, ♀.

Cubocephalus prolixus
***authority mismatch
phaeolepis Townes and Gupta. B. C, Oreg., Calif.

Cubocephalus prolixus phaeolepis Townes and Gupta, 1962. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 48. ♂, ♀.

Cubocephalus prolixus
***authority mismatch
prolixus Townes and Gupta. Que. s. to N. Y., w. to Man. and S. Dak.

Cubocephalus prolixus prolixus Townes and Gupta, 1962. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 49. ♂, ♀.

Cubocephalus rectus (Provancher)
Que. s. to N. Y., w. to Minn.

Cry plus rectus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 75. ♂.

Cubocephalus rufibasis Townes and Gupta
Mich.

Cubocephalus rufibasis Townes and Gupta, 1962. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 63. ♀.

Cubocephalus scorteus Townes
Northern Que., Yukon.

Cubocephalus scorteus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 70. ♂, ♀.

Cubocephalus semifulvus Townes
Alaska, Wash.

Cubocephalus sottifuh'us Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 71. ♂, ♀.

Cubocephalus semirufus (Brulle)
Mass. s. to N. C, w. to Mich. Ecology: One male specimen was reared in
association with Macroiiphytus sp.
Cry plus senii-rufus Brulle, 1846. /*) Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 195. ♀.
Mesoleptus exi))iius Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 100. ♂.

Cubocephalus sternolophus Townes
N. Y., Pa., Ohio, Mich., N. Mex., Alaska, Calif.

Cubocephalus steruolophus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem.
2: 74. ♂, ♀.

Cubocephalus subpolitus Townes
Que., Conn., N. Y., Minn.

Cubocephalus subpolitus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 2:
120. ♂, ♀.

Cubocephalus tincticoxis Townes
Colo., B. C, Oreg., Calif.

Cubocephalus tincticoxis Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2:
55. ♂.

Genus ORESBIUS Marshall

Oresbius Marshall, 1867. Ent. Monthly Mag. 3: 193.

Type-species: Oresbius castaneus Marshall. Monotypic.
Opidnus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 185.

Type-species: Aptesis (Pezoporus) tsugae Cushman. Included and desig. by Townes
and Townes, 1951.

Townes (1970) said that this large Holarctic genus has the most northerly distribution of any
aptesine genus. He said that about half of the arctic species have brachypterous females, which
contributes to their scarcity in collections.

Taxonomy: Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965. Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 5: 157 (syn.).
—Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 12: 131.

Oresbius albicoxus (Provancher)
Que., N. W. T., and Alaska, s. to Md., Mich., Ariz., and Calif. Host:

Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.). In the tribal revision of Townes and Gupta (1962), Townes

recognized two subspecies which were largely sympatric.
Cry plus brevicornis Provancher, 1875. Nat Canad. 7 (6): 176. ♂. Preocc. by Gravenhorst

1829.
Mesostenus albicoxus Provancher, 1975. 1875. 7 (6): 266. ♂.
Cryptusferrugineus Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 412. ♀. Preocc. by

Smith, 1861 and 1879. N. syn.




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Cryptus Schoberi Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 588. N. name for C. ferrugineus

Ashmead. N. syn.
Cryptus koebelei Rohwer, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 158. Unnecessarily proposed n.

name for C. ferrugineus Ashmead. N. syn.

Taxonomy: Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 419-420, 436 (n. comb, and lectotype selection).
Alexander! (Townes), n. comb. Que., Vt., Alta.

Opidnus alexanderi Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. inst., Mem. 2: 145. ♂, ♀.

Oresbius aniptus (Townes)
n. comb. Colo., Alaska, Calif.

Opidnu.i aniptuH Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 151. ♂, ♀.

Oresbius arridens (Gravenhorst)
N. H., Mass., N. Y., Ont., Mich., B. C; Eurasia. Adventive? The species
is not known to have been collected in North America before 1946.
Phygadeuon arridens Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 654. ♂.

Oresbius ciliatus (Townes)
n. comb. Que.

Opidnus ciliatus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 164. ♀.

Oresbius cognatus (Townes)
n. comb. Norhtern que. s. to N. Y., w. to B. C. and Calif.

Opidnus cognatus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 148. ♂, ♀.

Oresbius dorsator (Ashmead)
n. comb. Alaska.

Centeterus dorsator Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 161.

Oresbius fulvibasis (Townes)
n. comb. Que. s. to s.e. N. C, w. to Minn.

Opidnus fuh'ibasis Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 144. ♂, ♀.

Oresbius lindrothi (Townes)
n. comb. Alaska.

Opidnus lindrothi Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 2: 158. ♀.

Oresbius major (Townes)
n. comb. Northern Que., N. H. Ecology: In N. H. this species occurs above
timberline on Mt. Washington.
Opidnus major Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 156. ♂.
inucronatus (Townes), n. comb. Maine, Mass., N. Y., Mich.

Opidnus rnucronatus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 150.
3, 9.

Oresbius nivarius (Brues)
n. comb. Alaska.

Aptesis nivarius Brues, 1919. Rpt. Canad. Arctic Exped. 1913-18, v. 3G, p. 21. ♀.

Oresbius orbitus (Townes)
n. comb. N. H., n. Yukon. Ecology: In N. H. this species occurs above
timberline on Mt. Washington.
Opidnus orbitus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 2: 157. ♂.

Oresbius oresbius (Townes)
n. comb. B. C, Wash.

Opidnus oresbius Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 136. ♂.

Oresbius parallelus (Townes)
n. comb. Que., N. H., N. Y., Man., Colo.

Opidnus parallelus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 2: 165. ♂, ♀.

Oresbius quadriceps (Townes)
n. comb. Northwestern N. W. T., Alaska.

Opidnus quadriceps Townes, 1962. /*; Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 2: 168. ♂, ♀.

Oresbius rufinotum (Townes)
n. comb. Northern Alaska. Townes (1962) said that rufinotum "may
prove to be a subspecies of 0. tumulus."
Opidnus rufinotum Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent Inst., Mem. 2: 161. ♂.

Oresbius shumaginensis Carlson
n. name. Alaska.

Stiboscopus ferrugineus Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 173. ♀. Preocc. in
Oresbius by Cryptus ferrugineus Ashmead, 1890; in the tribal revision of Townes and
Gupta (1962), Townes did not rename Stiboscopus ferrugi)teus because Cryptus
ferrugineus Ashmead is an unavailable primary homonym which could not interfere
with the use of the name Stiboscopus ferrugineus; S. ferrugineus is renamed here




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because if it were to have had a junior synonym one would not be at liberty to use the

name S.ferrugineiis until such time as it was placed in a different genus than C.

fernigmeus Ashmead.

Oresbius sublaevis (Townes)
n. comb. Wyo., Colo., Wash. Ecology: Occurs on mountains near timberline.
Opidnits sitblaei'is sublaevis Townes, 1962. hi Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem.

2: 134. ♂, ♀.
Opidmts sublaevis iiiiltouierus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst.,

Mem. 2: 135. ♂. N. syn.

Oresbius taeniatus (Townes)
n. comb. Northern Que., N. H., N. W. T., n. Yukon. Ecology: In N. H. this

species occurs above timberline on Mt. Washington.
Phygadeuon alticola Ashmead, 1897 In Slosson, Ent. News 8: 237. Nomen nudum.
Opidnus taeniatus Townes, 1962. /» Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 154. ♂, ♀.

Oresbius tegularis (Provancher)
N. S. s. to Pa., w. to Wyo. and Colo. Host: Pristiphora erichsonii

(Htg.).
Phygadeuon tegularis Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 282. ♀.
Ichneumon decoratus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (1): 25 (key); 7 (3): 83. ♂.
Ischnus placidus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (4): 110. ♂.
Phygadeuon orbitalis Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13 (no. 155): 335 (key); 13 (no. 156): 354. ♂.
Phygadeuon nigriceps Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 52. ♀.
Phygadeuon {Sci)iascopus^) orbitalifonnis Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and

Nat. Hist. Survey Bui. 22: 336. ♂.

Taxonomy: Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 459, 514, 522, 532, 573 (Provancher types revised).

Oresbius teres (Townes)
n. comb. Northern Yukon, Alaska.

Opidnus teres Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 167. ♂, ♀.
tibialis (Townes), n. comb. Northern Que., n.e. N. W. T., n. Yukon, Alaska.

Opidnus tibialis Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 2: 163. ♂, ♀.

Oresbius trifasciatus (Ashmead)
n. comb. Northern Que., N. W. T., n. Yukon, Alaska.

Microcryptus trifasciatus Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 184. ♂.

Oresbius tsugae (Cushman)
Newfoundland (Labrador) w. to s. Alaska, s. to N. C, Colo., Ariz, and Calif.
Host: Neodiprion tsugae Midd. The characters used by Townes (1962) for subspecific
differentiation are neither strong nor entirely in agreement with the material he
studied.
Aptesis (Pezoporus) tsugae Cushman, 1939. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 29: 394. ♂, ♀.
Opidnus tsugae ruficoxa Townes, 1962. hi Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2:

138. ♂, ♀. N. syn.

Opidnus tsugae interior Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2:

139. ♂, ♀. N. syn.

Opidnus tsugae inflatus Townes, 1962. in Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2:

140. ♀. N. syn.

Biology: Furniss and Dowden, 1941. Jour. Econ. Ent 84: 49, 51.

Oresbius tumulus (Townes)
n. comb. N. W. T., Yukon, Alaska.

Opidnus tumulus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 2: 160.
male, female.

Oresbius vockerothi (Townes)
n. comb. Northern Que.

Opidnus vockerothi Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 2: 166. ♂, ♀.

Oresbius vultuosus (Townes)
n. comb. Newfoundland (Labrador), Que., n. Mich., N. W. T., Alaska.

Opidnus vultuosus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 2: 152. cJ, 9.

Genus POLYTRIBAX Foerster

Polytribax Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 183.




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Type-species: Phygadeuon (Polytribux) pallescens Viereck. By subsequent
monotypy from inclusion by Viereck, 1911.
Plesig7iafhus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 183.

Type-species: Phygadeuon fnlvescens Cresson. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Ashmead (1900) as "Plesiognatlius flavescens Cress." Ashmead's N.
J. record for this species is apparently based upon a misidentified female of
Polytribax contiguiis (Cresson).
Neleophron Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 184.

Type-species: Cryptus arrogans Gravenhorst. Monotypically included and
designated by Perkins, 1962.
Epiphobus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 185.

Type-species: Cryptiis nifipes Gravenhorst. Monotypically included and desig. by
Townes and Gupta, 1962.
Steriphocryptus cameron, 1903. Entomologist 36: 233.

Type-species: Steripliocryptus luteus Cameron. Monotypic.
Chasniocryptus Uchida, 1936. Insecta Matsumurana 11: 16.

Type-species: Plectocryptus liokkaidensiN Uchida. Monotypic and orig. desig. The
type-species is regarded as a synonym of P. penetrator (Smith).

Members of this Holarctic genus parasitize the pupae and possibly prepupae of Lepidoptera.

Taxonomy: Ashmead, 1900. In Smith, N. J. State Bd. Agr., Ann. Rpt. 27, Sup., p. 568 (first

inclusion of a species in Plesignatlius).

Polytribax contiguus (Cresson)
N. S. w. to N. Dak., s. to N. C, n. Ga., and Kans. The coloration of the
male is similar to that of the males in some species of Cratichneumon.

Ischnus configuus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 190. ♂.

Phygadeuon major Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 308. ♀.
crotchii crotchii (Cresson). Newfoundland (insular) w. to Alaska, s. to Pa., S. Dak., and s. B. C.

Phygadeuon Crotchii Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 357. ♀.
crotchii fumipennis Townes and Gupta. Colo., N. Mex., Ariz., s.e. B. C. and Calif.

Polytribax crotchii fumipennis Townes and Gupta, 1962. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 179. ♂.
crotchii Hesperus Townes and Gupta. Southern B. C, w. Oreg., CaHf.

Polytribax crotchii henperus Townes and Gupta, 1962. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 180. ♂.

Polytribax fulvescens (Cresson)
B. C. s. to CaHf.

Phygadeuon fulvescens Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 359. ♀.

Polytribax pallescens (Viereck)
Que. s. to n.w. S. C, w. to Minn., Kans., and Ariz.; Mexico. Host:

Heterocampa guttivitta (Wlk.), Lambdina pellucidaria (G. and R.), Epargyreiis clarus
(Cramer).
Phygadeuon (Polytribax) pallescens Viereck, 1911, U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 39: 406. ♂, ♀.

Genus GIRAUDIA Foerster

Giraudia Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 184.

Type-species: Cryptus congruens Gravenhorst. Monotypically included and desig. by
Ashmead, 1900.
Calocryptus Thomson, 1873. Opusc. Ent. 5: 519, 521.

Type-species: Cryptus congruens Gravenhorst. Monotypic.
Pseudocryptus Kriechbaumer, 1893. Ent. Nachr. 19: 120.

Type-species: Cryptus grisescens Gravenhorst. Monotypic.

This is a Holarctic genus of moderate size.

Giraudia ferruginea (Cushman)
R. I., N. Y., Md., D. C, Ont., Mich. Host: Tomostethus multicinctus
(Roh.).

Aptesis ferruginea Cushman, 1935. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 25: 550. ♂, ♀.

Giraudia fulva
***authority mismatch
fulva Townes and Gupta. Western Wash., w. Oreg., n.w. Calif.

Giraudia fill va fill va Townes and Gupta, 1962. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 190. ♂, ♀.

Giraudia fulva
***authority mismatch
nigrithorax Townes and Gupta. Colo., N. Mex., Alta., Idaho, Utah, s.e. B. C, e. Oreg.

Giraudia fulva nigrithorax Townes and Gupta, 1962. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 190. ♂, ♀.




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Giraudia leucospis Townes and Gupta
Calif.

Giraudia leiicoapis Townes and Gupta, 1962. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 196. ♂.

Giraudia minor Townes and Gupta
N. C, S. C.

Giraudia minor Townes and Gupta, 1962. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 196. ♂, ♀.

Giraudia plana (Provancher)
Que. s. to n.e. Ga., w. to Minn, and Iowa.

Phygadeuon planus Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 283. ♀.

Mesostenus ruficoxua Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 266. 6. Uncertain syn.

Phygadeuon robuafus Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11: 75. ♀.

Mesostenus provancheri Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 546. Unnecessary n. name
for M. nificoxHs; the latter not preocc. by Mesostentis nificoxis Brulle.

Giraudia punctifera Townes and Gupta
Que. s. to Ga., w. to Wis.

Giraudia punctifera Townes and Gupta, 1962. Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 2: 194. ♂, ♀.

Giraudia rufa (Provancher)
Que. s. to w. N. C, w. to Minn.

Cryptus rufus Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6 (6): 177 (key); 6 (7): 202. ♂.

Giraudia semiflava Townes and Gupta
Que., Maine, N. Y., Mich., N. Mex.

Giraudia semiflava Townes and Gupta, 1962. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 191. ♂, ♀.

Giraudia subaequalis Townes and Gupta
N. Y., s.w. N. C, n.w. S. C, n.e. Ga.

Giraudia subaequalis Townes and Gupta, 1962. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 197. ♂, ♀.

Genus SCHENKIA Foerster

Schenkia Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 184.

Type-species: Phygadeuon graminicola Gravenhorst. Monotypically included and
desig. by Ashmead, 1900.
Ecpaglus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 185.

Type-species: Cry plus brevicornis Gravenhorst. Monotypically included and desig.
by Ashmead, 1900.
Sckenckia Dalla Torre, 1901. Wien. Ent. Ztg. 20: 51. Emend.

This is a Holarctic genus of moderate size.

Schenkia amphileuca Townes and Gupta
N. Y., Mich., Minn.

Schenkia an(phileuca Townes and Gupta, 1962. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 201. ♂, ♀.

Schenkia graminicola (Gravenhorst)
Que. s. to N. Y., w. to n. Yukon, Oreg., and Colo.; Europe. Townes

and Gupta (1962) recognized three subspecies.
Cryptus brevicornis Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 511. ♂.
Cryptus humilis Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 604. ♂.
Phygadeuon graminicola Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 673. ♀.
Phygadeuon rectus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 178. ♂.
Phaeogenes tuberculifer Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13: 331. "♀"=♂.
Cryptus pubescens Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 72. Preocc.

by Fonscolombe, 1850.
Cryptus Hechfellneri Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 574. N. name for C. pubescens

Provancher.
Schenkia graminicola hesperus Townes and Gupta, 1962. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 207. ♂, ♀. N. syn.

Schenkia iridescens (Cresson)
Newfoundland (Labrador) w. to Alaska, s. to S. C, 111., Colo., and Oreg.
Ischnus iridescens Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 193. ♂.
Cryptus brevicauda Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 412. ♀.
Schenkia iridescens pumila Townes and Gupta, 1962. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 211. ♂, ♀. N. syn.
Schenkia iridescens oreas Townes and Gupta, 1962. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 212. ♂, ♀. N. syn.
Schenkia iridescens melanops Townes and Gupta, 1962. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 216. ♂, ♀. N. syn.

Schenkia leucopus Townes and Gupta
N. Y., N. J., n.w. S. C, Ohio, Mich.

Schenkia leucopus Townes and Gupta, 1962. Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 2: 217. cJ, 9.




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Schenkia lonchura Townes and Gupta
Yukon.

Schenkia lonchura Townes and Gupta, 1962. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 217. ♀.

Schenkia parallela
***authority mismatch
evittata Townes and Gupta. Wash.

Schenkia parallela evittafa Townes and Gupta, 1962. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 209. ♀.

Schenkia parallela
***authority mismatch
parallela Townes and Gupta. N. H. s. to s.w. S. C, w. to Sasi<.

Schejikia parallela parallela Townes and Gupta, 1962, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 208. ♂, ♀.

Genus MEGAPLECTES Foerster

Megapledes Foerster, 1868 Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 186.

Type-species: Ichneionon monticola Gravenhorst. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Schmiedeknecht, 1890.
locryptus Thomson, 1873. Opusc. Ent. 5: 472.

Type-species: Phygadeiion regiufi Taschenberg. Monotypic. The type-species is
regarded as a synonym of M. vionticola ))ionticola (Gravenhorst).
Megaloplectefi Schulz, 1906. Spolia Hym., p. 124. Emend.

There is a single Holarctic species.

monticola blakei (Cresson). Newfoundland (Labrador) w. to Yukon, s. to w. N. C, Mich., Man.,
and Oreg. M. monticola monticola (Gravenhorst) is European.
Ichneumon Blakei Cresson, 1864 Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 139. ♂.
Cryptus insignis Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 178. ♀.
Hoplismenus stygicus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada. Hym., p. 34. ♂.

monticola dentatus Uchida. Yukon, Alaska; n. Asia.

Megaplectes monticola var. dentata Uchida, 1930. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Faculty Agr.,
Jour. 25:304. ♂, ♀.

Genus PLEOLOPHUS Townes

Pleolophus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 223.

Type-species: Phygadeuon basizomis Gravenhorst (sensu Townes). Orig. desig.

This is a Holarctic genus of moderate size.

Pleolophus annulosus Townes
Maine, N. Y., Mich.

Pleolophus annulosus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 2: 226. ♂.

Pleolophus astrictus Townes
Maine, N. H., Mass., Conn., N. Y., Mich., Alaska.

Pleolophus astrictus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 2: 242. ♂, ♀.

Pleolophus basizonus (Gravenhorst)
N. B., Que., N. J., Ont., Mich., Ohio; Eurasia. Introduced from
Europe. Host: Gilpinia hercyniae (Htg.), Neodiprion lecontei (Fitch), N. nanulus
nanulus Schedl, N. pratti banksianae Roh., N. sertifer (Geoff.), N. swainei Midd.
Cryptus varicolor Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 603. ♂.
Phygadeuon basizonus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 748. ♀.
Phygadeuon pteronorum Hartig, 1838. Jahresber. Fortschr. Forstwiss. Forstl. Naturk. 1:

273. ♂, ♀.
Microcryptus basizoninsV.) Thomson, 1883. Opusc. Ent. 9: 863.
Microcryptus curtulus Kriechbaumer, 1891. Ent Nachr. 17: 171. ♂.

Taxonomy: Oehlke, 1966 (1965). Beitr. z. Ent 15: 829-831 (syn. and description).

Biology: Seyrig, 1932 Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. 101: 111-112. — Finlayson and Reeks, 1936.
Canad. Ent. 68: 164, 166. —Morris, Cameron, and Jepson, 1937. Bui. Ent. Res. 28: 349-355
(in part). —Green, 1938. Ent. Soc. Ontario, Ann. Rpt 69: 32-34. — Pierson and Nash, 1939.
Maine Forest Commr., Bien. Rpt. 22: 85. —Finlayson and Green, 1940. Canad. Ent. 72:
236-238. — Lovaszy, 1940. Ann. Ent. Fenn. 6: 64-65. — Kangas, 1941. Ann. Ent. Fenn. 7:
10-27. —Reeks, 1953. Canad. Jour. Agr. Sci. 33: 407, 408, 416-417. — Hein, 1956. Nederland.
Boschbouw.-Tijdschr. 28: 283-297. —Finlayson and Finlayson, 1957. Canad. Ent 89:




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507-509. — Niklas and Franz, 1957. Biol. Bundesanst. f. Land. u. Forstw. (Berlin-Dahlem),
Mitt. 89: 22-23. — Finlayson and Finlayson, 1958. Canad. Ent. 90: 223-224. — Finlayson,
1958. Canad. Ent. 90: 557-563. -Finlayson, 1960 (1959). Ent. Monthly Mag. 95: 216.
— Finlayson, 1961 (1960). Ent. Monthly Mag. 96: 177. —Finlayson, 1961. Canad. Ent. 93:
626-628. -Finlayson, 1961. Canad. Ent. 93: 799-801. -Griffiths, 1961. Canad. Ent. 93:
1005-1010. -Griffiths, 1969. Canad. Ent. 101: 673-713, 907-914. -Price, 1970. Science 170:
546-547. -Price, 1970. Canad. Ent. 102: 1102-1111. -Price, 1970. Ecology 51: 445-454.
—Price, 1971. Ecology 52: 587-596. -Price, 1972. Canad. Ent. 104: 129-140.

Morphology: Finlayson, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 33, 35, 44 (final-instar larva).

Pleolophus borrori Townes
Maine.

Pleolophus borrori Townes, 1962. In Townes arid Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 228. ♀.

Pleolophus clypealis Townes
Alaska.

Pleolophus clypeolis Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 242 6.

Pleolophus contractus Townes
B. C. s. to Calif Host: Printiphora erichsonii (Htg.).

Pleolophus contractus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 237. ♂, ♀.

Pleolophus coriaceus Townes
Sask., Alta.

Pleolophus coriaceus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 229. ♂.

Pleolophus furvus Townes
Colo.

Pleolophus furi'Hs Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer Ent. Inst, Mem. 2: 228. ♂.

Pleolophus grossus Townes
N. Y., Mich., N. Dak., and B. C, s. to w. N. C, Kans., and Oreg.

Pleolophus grossus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 229. ♂, ♀.

Pleolophus indistinctus (Provancher)
N. B. s. to w. N. C, w. to Sask. and Iowa. Host: Neodiprion abbotii
(Leach), N. abietis (Harris), N. lecontei (Fitch), N. nanulus na7iuius Schedl, N. pratti
banksianae Roh., N. sertifer (Geoff), N. swainei Midd., Gilpi^iia hercyniae (Htg.),
Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.), Pikonema alaskensis (Roh.).
Cryptus viicropterus Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 238. ♀. Preocc. in Pleolophus by

Ichneumon niicropterus Gravenhorst.
Phaeogenes indistinctus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canad. Hym., p. 43. ♂.
Cryptus segregatns Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 73. ♂.
Aptesis pterigia Bradley, 1918. Brooklyn Ent Soc, Bui. 13: 100. N. name for C.
niicropterus Say.

Biology: Price, 1970. Science 170: 546-547. —Price, 1970. Ecology 51: 445-454. —Price, 1970.
Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 63: 1502-1509. -Price, 1971. Ecology 52: 587-596.

Morphology: Finlayson, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 31-33, 44 (final-instar larva).

Pleolophus nigribasis Townes
Colo., N. Mex.

Pleolophus nigribasis Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 237. ♂.

Pleolophus pilatus Townes
Newfoundland (Labrador), Mich., Minn.

Pleolophus pilatus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 227. ♂, ♀.

Pleolophus rubrocinctus
***authority mismatch
rubrocinctus (Provancher). Que. s. to N. Y., w. to Mich.
Phygadeuon rubrocinctus Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 280. ♀.
Phaeogenes aterrinius Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13: 330. ♂.

Pleolophus rubrocinctus
***authority mismatch
rufifemur Townes. Sask. s. to Colo., w. to Alaska and Calif

Pleolophus rubrocinctus rufifemur Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst.,
Mem. 2: 233. ♂, ♀.

Genus RHYTURA Townes

Rhytura Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 244.
Type-species: Rhytiira pendens Townes. Monotypic and orig desig.




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Only one species is known.

Rhytura pendens Townes
Que. s. to n. Ga., w. to Minn.

Rhytura pendens Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 244. ♂, ♀.

Genus APTESIS Foerster

Aptenis Foerster, 1850. Arch. f. Naturgesch. 16 (1): 71, 82.

Type-species: Ichnennion sudeticus Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1914. The
type-species is regarded as a synonym of A. nigrocincta (Gravenhorst).
Pezoporufi Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 181. Preocc. by Illiger, 1811
and Klug, 1842.

Type-species: Pezoniachiis nigrocinctus (Gravenhorst). Monotypically included and
desig. by Ashmead, 1900. The type-species designation is Gravenhorst's 1929
identification of Ichneumon nigrocinctus Gravenhorst, 1815.
Aptesis subg. Clypeocliodon Aubert, 1968. Soc. Ent. Mulhouse, Bui. 24: 7.

Type-species: Aptesis (Clypeodiodon) flavifaciator Aubert. Monotypic. As "Aptesis
Ciypeodion subg no\.Jlavifaciator sp. nov."

This is a large Holarctie genus. Townes (1970) said that "the species occur mostly in natural
meadows."

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 139.

Aptesis albifrons Townes
N. Y.

Aptesis albifrons Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 267. ♂.

Aptesis alpestris Townes
Colo., Idaho., Ariz., B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif.

Aptesis alpestris Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst. Mem. 2: 255. ♂, ♀.

Aptesis anaula Townes
S. C.

Aptesis anaulus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 272. ♂.

Aptesis atrox Townes
Ohio.

Aptesis atrox Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 2: 269. ♀.

Aptesis breviaria Townes
N. Y., Mich., Ohio, Minn.

Aptesis breviaria Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 253. ♂, ♀.

Aptesis catulus Townes
N. Y., N. J., Md., Va., N. C, Kans.

Aptesis catulus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 263. ♂, ♀.

Aptesis fastigata Townes
Alta., Wyo., Oreg., Calif.

Aptesis fastigata Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 267. ♂, ♀.

Aptesis fuscitibia Townes
Maine, Mass., R. I., N. Y., w. N. C, Mich.

Aptesis fnscitibia Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 262. ♂, ♀.

Aptesis gracilis Townes
Northern Mich., Alta.

Aptesis gracilis Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 251. ♂.

Aptesis incompta Townes
Northwestern S. C.

Aptesis incompta Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 265. ♂, ♀.

Aptesis inculta Townes
Que. s. to w. N. C, w. to Mich.

Aptesis inculta Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 257. ♂, ♀.

Aptesis lissopleuris Townes
Western N. C. Ecology: Between altitudes of 4600 ft. and 5750 ft.

Aptesis lissopleuris Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 257. ♀.

Aptesis scabra Townes
Md.

Aptesis scabra Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 266. ♀.

Aptesis segnis
***authority mismatch
femorata Townes. Sask., Alta., Wyo., Colo., Calif.

Aptesis segnis femorata Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2:
260. ♂, ♀.




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Aptesis segnis
***authority mismatch
segnis (Provancher). Que., Maine, N. H. N. Y., n.w. S. C, Mich. Ecology: I have seen a
long series of males collected in Malaise traps placed in the crowns of Abies
balsa)tiifera. Host: Profenusa canadensis (Marl.).

Phygadeuon segnis Provancher, 1877. Nat. Canad. 9: 11. ♀.

Pezoporus (Schenkia) tenthredinarum Rohwer, 1915. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 49: 216. ♂, ♀.

Biology: Parrott and Fulton, 1915. N. Y. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 411: 552, 572.

Aptesis subguttata (Gravenhorst)
Europe. Introduced in N. B., Que., and Ont. in 1937 and 1938,

apparently without becoming established. Host: Gilpinia hercyniae (Htg.). The host
listed was the target species for the introductions in North America, although a small
number of individuals was released in an infestation of Neodiprion lecontei (Fitch).
Although the number of individuals released against G. hercyniae at some places was
large (as many as 6108 males and 10974 females) A. subguttata has not been found in
North America since 1939 when it was recovered from G. hercyniae in Parke Reserve,
Kamouraska Co., Que.

Cryptus subguttatus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 610. ♂.

Cryptus contractus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 617. ♂.

Taxonomy: Oehlke, 1966 (1965). Beitr. z. Ent. 15: 835-836 (syn.).

Morphology: Finlayson, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 931, 932, 939 (final-instar larva).

Aptesis verrucata Townes
Maine, N. H., N. Y., Ohio, Mich.

Aptesis verrucata Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 252. ♂, ♀.

Aptesis yosemite Townes
Wyo., Calif.

Aptesis yosemite Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2: 254. ♂, ♀.

Genus OXYTAENIA Foerster

Oxytaenia Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 182.

Type-species: Oxytaenia rufolineata Cameron. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Cameron, 1904.

Townes (1970) said that he saw 13 species, all of which are Neotropic except for the fact that
one of them has a Nearctic subspecies.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 140.
barda Carolina (Townes). Que. s. to w. N. C, w. to Mich, and Kans. 0. barda barda (Cresson)
occurs in Mexico.
Aptesis barda Carolina Townes, 1962. In Townes and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 2:
271. ♂, ♀.

Genus ECHTHRUS Gravenhorst

Echtkrus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 861.

Type-species: Ichneumon reluctator Linnaeus. Desig. by Westwood, 1840.
Sphaetes Bremi, 1849 Stettin. Ent. Ztg. 10: 95.

Type-species: Sphaetes crassicrus Bremi. Monotypic.
Karaechthrus Uchida, 1929. Insecta Matsumurana 3: 176.

Type-species: Karaechthrus tuberculatus Uchida. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Bioleter Meyer, 1930. Zool. Mus. Akad. Nauk. SSSR, Ezheg. 31: 169.

Type-species: Bioleter eons Meyer. Monotypic and orig. desig.

Townes and Townes (1962) placed this small Holarctic genus in the Cryptini (=Mesostenini),
subtribe Echthrina along with four other genera, but only Echtbrus was transferred to the
present tribe by Townes (1970).

Revision: Townes and Townes, 1962. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 486-501.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 112, 113, 130.




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Echthrus abdominalis Cresson
N. S. w. to B. C, s. to N. Y., Minn., N. Mex., and Calif. Townes and

Townes (1962) recognized four subspecies.
Echthrufi abdominalis Cresson, 1868. Canad. Ent. 1: 37. ♀.
MeHOclioms Saint-Cyri Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 299. ♀.
Dyseidopus vancoitrerensis Bradley, 1902. Ent. News 13: 307. ♂. N. syn.
Echthnis abdoviinalis dimidiatus Townes, 1962. I)i Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus.

Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 491. ♂, ♀. N. syn.
Eclithrua abdoDiitiialis infuficus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus.

Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 492. ♂, ♀. N. syn.

Echthrus adillae
***authority mismatch
adillae Davis. Newfoundland (Labrador), n. Ont., Alta., Mont., Wyo., Idaho, Alaska, B.

C, Wash., n. Oreg. Host: Paranthrene robiniae (Hy. Edwards).
Echfhriis adillae Davis, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 32. ♂.
Echfhrus adillae )iigriveHiris Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.

216 (pt. 3): 497. <5, 9. N. syn.
Echthrus adillae seniiruber Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.

216 (pt. 3): 498. ♂, ♀. N. syn.

Echthrus adillae
***authority mismatch
rubidus Townes. Nev., s. Oreg., Calif.

Echthrus adillae rubidus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216

(pt. 3):499. ♂, ♀.

Echthrus adillae
***authority mismatch
tibialis Townes. Que., Maine, N. Y., Ont., Va.

Echthrus adillae tibialis Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216

(pt. 3): 500. ♂, ♀.
Echthrus adillae hrunnens Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.

216 (pt. 3): 501. ♂, ♀. N. syn.

Echthrus niger Cresson
N. S. w. to n. B. C, s. to N. C, Ohio, Minn., and s. Alta. Host: Anoplodera
proxi)na (Say)?, Saperda Candida F., S. discoidea F. Townes and Townes (1962)
recognized three subspecies, two of which were almost completely sympatric and had
ranges which broadly overlapped that of the third subspecies.

Echthrus niger Cresson, 1868. Canad. Ent. 1: 37. ♀.

Echthrus rufopedibus Harrington, 1893. Canad. Ent. 25: 31. 9. N. syn.; name invalid
because it is in the dative case.

Echthrus niger einaculatus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216(pt. 3): 494. ♂, ♀. N. syn.

Tribe CRYPTINI

Just as the Cryptinae is the largest of ichneumonid subfamilies, the Cryptini is the largest
tribe in the subfamily. Although the greatest numbers of genera and species of Cryptini occur in
the tropics, the tribe is well represented in North America. Townes (1970) implies that the spe-
cies of Cryptini search for their hosts primarily among foliage rather than in the soil or ground
litter and differ from the species of Aptesini and Hemitelini in this respect as well as in having
larger average size.

Townes (1970) divided the Cryptini (=Mesostenini) into subtribes which are partly for con-
venience and partly to show what he believed to be some of the natural groupings of genera. In
the hope that this classification is actually an improvement over that of Townes and Townes
(1962), the former is adopted here with little modification.

Revision: Townes and Townes, 1962. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 1-602.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 141-346 (genera of world).

Subtribe AGROTHEREUTINA

Genus APSILOPS Foerster

Apsilops Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 182.

Type-species: Crypt us hirtifrons Ashmead. By subsequent monotypy from inclusion
by Ashmead, 1896.
Heterotypus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 183.




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Type-species: Ichneitmon cinctorius Fabricius. Monotypically included and desig. by
Townes, Townes, and Gupta, 1961.
Dapaniis Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 183.

Type-species: Ichneumon cinctorius Fabricius. Monotypically included and desig. by
'Ashmead. 1900.
Soba.s Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 187. Preocc. by Pascoe, 1863.

Type-species: Ichneumon cinctoriux Fabricius. Monotypically included and desig. by
Schmiedeknecht, 1890.
Trichocryptus Thomson, 1873. Opusc. Ent. 5: 520, 521.

Type-species: Crypfus cinctorius Gravenhorst. Monotypic. The type-species is
Gravenhorst's identification of Ichneumon cinctorius Fabricius.
Neostricklandia Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57: 75.

Type-species: Neostricklandia sericata Viereck. Monotypic. and orig. desig.
Trichestema Cushman, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 72 (13): 9.

Type-species: Trichestema helcostizoides Cushman. Monotypic and orig. desig.

The members of this small Holarctic genus parasitize aquatic or subaquatic Pyraloidea. There
is an undescribed species which is known from Fla. and Cuba; it has been reared from Samea
niultiplicalis Gn.

Apsilops bicolor (Cushman)
Ont. and Mass., s. to Md., w. to Alta., Wash, and Calif. Host: Schoenobius
nielinellus (Clem.).
Trichocryptus bicolor Cushman, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 72 (13): 8. ♀.
Trichocryptus atlanticus Cushman, 1930 (1929). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 76 (25): 3. ♀.

Apsilops hirtifrons (Ashmead)
Ont. and Mass. s. to Fla., w. to Minn, and Tex. Host: Nymphula sp.
Cryptus hirtifrons Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 411. ♂.
Cryptus cyaniventris Riley, 1890. In Riley and Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 3:
154. Nomen nudum.

Taxonomy: Cushman, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 72 (13): 7.

Biology: Hart, 1895. 111. Nat. Hist. Survey, Bui. 4: 178-179.

Apsilops sericata (Viereck)
Que. w. to Alta., s. to Mass., Mich., and S. Dak. Host: Occidentalia
comptulatalis (Hulst), Stenochilo forbesellus (Fern.).
Neostricklandia sericata Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57: 75. ♀.
Trichestema helcostizoides Cushman, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 72 (13): 9. ♀.

Biology: Frohne, 1939. Amer. Micros. Soc, Trans. 58: 234, 325, 347.

Genus AGROTHEREUTES Foerster

Agrothereufes Foerster, 1850. Arch. f. Naturgesch. 16 (1): 71.

Type-species: Pezomachus abbreviator Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1914. The
type-species is Gravenhorst's identification oi Ichneumon abbreviator Fabricius.
Spilocryptus Thomson, 1873. Opusc. Ent. 5: 472, 501.

Type-species: Spilocryptus zygaenarum Thomson. Desig. by Viereck, 1914. The
type-species is regarded as a synonym oi A. fumipennis (Gravenhorst).
Dayro Cameron, 1902. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 9: 209.
Type-species: Dayro pilosus Cameron. Monotypic.

This Holarctic genus has a greater number of species in Eurasia than in North America.

abbreviator iridescens (Cresson). Northern Que. w. to Alaska, s. to N. C, La., Kans., Sask.,
and Alta. Host: Gilpinia hercyniae (Htg.), Heterarthrus nemoratus (Fall.), Neodiprion
abietis (Harris), A'^. lecontei (Fitch), N. sertifer (Geoff.), Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.),
Paraclemensia acerifolia (Fitch), Paralobesia viteana (Clem.). A. abbreviator
abbreviator (Fabricius) occurs in Europe. In their tribal revision, Townes and Townes
(1962) divided iridescens into two arbitrarily and unnaturally separated subspecies
supposedly based upon a combination of color and female wing length (normal versus
brachypterus).

Cryptus iridescens Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 296. ♂.

Cryptus soror Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 296. ♂.




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Phygadeuon siniilaris Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 57. ♂.

N. syn.
Cryptus albonotatus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 75. ♂.
Aptesis major Davis, 1893. Ent. News 4: 32. ♀. N. syn.
Spilocryptus: propodeHDi Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 253. ♂.
Agrothereutes rnicroalatiifi Cushman, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 72 (13): 4. ♀. N. syn.
Agrothereutes slossonae Cushman, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 72 (13): 4. ♀. N. syn.

Morphology: Finlayson, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 931, 932, 939 (final-instar larva).
abbreviator rufopectus Cushman. Alta. s. to N. Mex., w. to B. C. and Calif. Host: Neodiprion
tsugae Midd., Pristipliora erichsonii (Htg.), Laspeyresia nigricana (Steph.).
Agrothereutes rufopectus Cushman, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 72 (13): 4. ♀.

Agrothereutes alutarius Townes
N. W. T., Yukon, Alaska.

Agrothereutes alutarius Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 3):47. ♂, ♀.

Agrothereutes cimbcivorus (Cushman)
Que. w. to B. C, s. to N. H., Mich., S. Dak., Colo., and Calif. Host:
Cimbex aiiiericana Leach.
Spilocrptusil) cimbcii'orus Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 64(4): 8. ♂, ♀.
Agrothereutes citubicivorus Walkley, 1958. In Krombein et al, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr.
Monog. 2, Sup. 1, p. 46. Unjustified emendation.

Agrothereutes grandis Townes
Conn. s. to n.w. S. C, w. to Ohio.

Agrothereutes grandis Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt.
3): 46. ♂, ♀.

Agrothereutes lophyri (Norton)
Newfoundland (insular) w. to B. C, s. to Fla., Ala., 111., and Minn. Host:

Neodiprion abietis (Harris), N. excitans Roh., N. lecontei (Fitch), N. nanulus nanuhis
Schedl, N. )iigroscutu}u Midd., N. pratti ba7iksianae Roh., Diprion similis (Htg.).
Cryptus Lophyri Norton, 1869. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 326. ♂, ♀.
Agrothereutes lophyri oiitariensis Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus.

Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 60. ♂, ♀. N. syn.
Agrothereutes lophyri obscunis Townes, 1962. hi Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus.
Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 61. ♂, ♀. N. syn.
mandator americanus Townes. Que. w. to B. C, s. to N. J., Mich., Colo., and Wash. Host:
Cimbex a))ierica)ia Leach., Trichiosonia triangulum Kirby. A. mandator ynandator
(Linnaeus) is European. About eight individuals oi manducator americanus emerge
from a single host cocoon.
Agrothereutes mandator a}uericanus Townes, 1962. hi Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl.
Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3):68. ♂, ♀.

Agrothereutes montanus Townes
Colo. Ecology: The unique holotype was collected at an elevation of 11,000
ft. in Rocky Mountain National Park.
Agrothereutes montanus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 3): 48. ♀.

Agrothereutes neodiprionis (Cushman)
Wash., Oreg., Calif. Host: Neodiprion tsugae Midd.

Spilocryptus neodiprionis Cushman, 1939. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 29: 393. ♂, ♀.

Agrothereutes pallipennis Townes
Calif. Ecology: The species is known from two specimens which were
swept from Arteinesia foliage at elevations of 8000 and 8500 ft.
Agrothereutes pallipennis Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 3): 49. cJ, 9.

Genus GAMBRUS Foerster

Kaltenbachia Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 187.

Type-species: Cryptus ornatus Gravenhorst. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Brischke, 1888? The type-species is regarded as a synonym of G.
incubitor (Linnaeus).
Gambrus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 188.

Type-species: Gambrus (Cryptus) tuaculatus Brischke. By subsequent monotypy
from inclusion by Brischke, 1888. The type-species is regarded as a synonym of G.
incubitor (Linnaeus).




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Hygrocryptus Thomson, 1873. Opusc. Ent. 5: 513.

Type-species: Cryptus carnifex Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Allocryptus Viereck, 1917. Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey Bui. 22: 333.

Type-species: Agrotlicrentes (Allocryptus) liyslopi Viereck. Monotypic.

This is a Holarctic genus which is rather arbitrarily distinguished from Agrothereutes and
Aritranifi.

Gambrus apicatus (Provancher)
N. S., Que., Maine, Vt., N. Y., Ont., Ohio, Sask. Ecology: This species
has been reared from galls of En lira on Sali.x, but appears to be too large to be a
parasite of Eiiiira and may parasitize Lepidoptera which occupy the galls secondarily.

Cryptua apicatus Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6 (6): 178 (key); 6 (7): 204. ♀.

Cryptus cinctus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 175. ♂. Preocc. by Fabricius, 1805.

Gambrus bituminosus (Cushman)
Mass., Conn., N. Y., N. J., Ga., Ill, Minn., La., Calif. Ecology: This
species has been collected on Spartina in salt marshes. Host: Diatraea sp., Ostrinia
nuhilalis (Hbn.), 0. obumbratalis (Led.), 0. penitalis (Grt.), Spheiiophorus pertinax
(Oliv.).
Crypioideus bituniiiiosus Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 64 (4): 6. ♀.

Gambrus canadensis
***authority mismatch
burkei (Viereck). California. Host: Orgyia leucostigma (J. E. S.), 0. vetusta (Bdv.).

Malacosoiiia californiciun califoniicniii (Pack.).
Cryptus (Gawbrus) burkei Viereck, 1909. Ent. News 20: 291. cJ, 9.

Gambrus canadensis
***authority mismatch
canadensis (Provancher). N. S. w. to B. C, s. to N. C, Kans., Ariz., and Oreg.

Host: Malacosoiiia aiiiericaituiit (P.), M. califoniicum fragile (Stretch), M. disstria

Hbn., Laspeyresia poiiionella (L.), Archips cerasiroranus (Fitch), Thymelicus lineola

(Oehs.). In their tribal revision, Townes and Townes (1962) divided this subspecies into

two with very broadly overlapping ranges.
Nejiiatopodius Canadensis Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 268. ♂.
Spilocryptus exareolatus Viereck, 1903. In Skinner, Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 81. 6. N.

syn.

Gambrus extrematis (Cresson)
N. S. w. to B. C, s. to D. C, Kans., Utah, and Calif. Host: Hyalophora

cecropia (L.), H. Columbia (S. I. S.), H. euryalus (Bdv.), H. gloveri (Stkr.).
Cryptus extrematis Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 404. ♀.
Cryptus sainiae Packard, 1865. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Proc. 9: 345. ♂, ♀.
Echtlirus Provanclieri Provancher, 1885. Canad. Ent. 17: 116. c^, 9. The evidence given by

Barron (1975) does not seem sufficient for attributing authorship to Brodie (in

Provancher) rather than to Provancher.
Spilocryptus cecropiae Habermehl, 1919. Ztschr. f. Wiss. Insekten-Biol. 14: 239. ♀.

Taxonomy: Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 536.

Biology: Riley, 1872. Mo. State Ent., Ann. Rpt. 4: 110-111. —Harrington, 1891. Ent. Soc.
Ontario, Ann. Rpt. 21: 67. -Smith, 1908. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1: 294-297. —Marsh, 1937.
Ecology 18: 107-111. -Marsh, 1937. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 30: 40-42. —Marsh, 1938. N. Y.
Ent. Soc, Jour. 46: 27.

Morphology: Riederer, 1890. N. Y. Micros. Soc, Jour. 46: 27.

Gambrus nuncius (Say)
N. B. w. to w. N. W. T., s. to Ala. and La. Host: Callosaniia angulifera (Wlk.),
C. proniethia (Drury), Antlieraea polyphemus (Cramer), Samia cyntliia (Drury).
Cryptus nuncius Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 237. ♀.

Gambrus polyphemi Townes
N. S. w. to B. C, s. to Fla., Tex., N. Mex. and Oreg. Host: Antlieraea
polyphemus (Cramer).
Cryptus sordid us Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 67. ♀.

Preocc. by Tschek, 1870.
Ganibrus polyplieiiii Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 809. N. name for C.
sordidus Provancher.

Gambrus tunicularubra (Fyles)
Southern Que. Host: Gnorinioschenia gallaeasteriella (Kell.). The

lectotype is apparently the only remaining specimen reared by Fyles. Fyles mentioned
having encountered this ichneumonid repeatedly in his work on the biology of the host,




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but apparently the host has not been reared frequently since then. Perhaps
tiiniciilambra will prove to be a melanic variant of G. ulti^nis (Cresson).

Trychosis funicula-ruhra Fyles, 1896. Canad. Ent. 28: 148. cJ, 9.

Gambrus ultimus (Cresson)
N. S. w. to Oreg., s. to Fla., Tex., Ariz., and Calif.; Hawaii. Host: Acroba.tis
caryae Grt., Herpetograttniia bipunctalis {¥.), Loxostege sticticalis (L.), Ostrinia
nnbilalis (Hbn.), Plilyctaeuia coronata tertialis (Gn.), Udea nibigalis (Gn.), Astala
confedemta (Grt.), Hyaloscotes pithopoem (Dyar), Thyridopteryx ephemeraefonnis
(Haw.), Platynoia flavedana Clem., A)icylis coniptoiia (Froel.), Grapliolitlio tiiolesta
(Bsk.), Pamlobesia viteatia (Clem.), Coleopliora sp., Pecti)iopliora gossypiella (Sdrs.),
Exyra setnicrocea (Gn.), Neogalea esnla (Druce), Si»iyra henrici (Grt.), Trichoplnsia iii
(Hbn.), Bafhyplectes CKrculionia (Thom.).

Crypfiin nltiniK.'f Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 305. ♀.

Cryptus incertitu Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 306. ♀. Preocc. by Ratzeburg,
1852.

Phygadeuon longicornis Provancher, 1886. Addit Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 52. ♀.

Hewiteles anmilicomis Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 403. ♀.

Agrothereufes (Allocryptufi) hyslopi Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist.
Survey Bui. 22: 333. ♀.

Spilocryptus exannulatus Cushman, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 529. ♂, ♀.

Hoplocryptus incertiiluN Cushman, 1925. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 15: 390. N. name for C.
incertits Cresson.

Biology: Fink, 1932. Jour. Agr. Res. 44: 555, 556. -Haden, 1935. Del. Univ. Agr. Expt. Sta.,
Bui. 194: 33-35.

Gambrus yukonensis Townes
N. W. T., Yukon, Alaska.

Ga))ibrns yukonensis Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt.
3): 79. ♂, ♀.

Genus ARITRANIS Foerster

Aritranis Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 187.

Type-species: Cryptus explorator Tschek. Desig. by Viereck, 1914. from two species
included by Tschek, 1870.
Hoplocryptus Thomson, 1873. Opusc. Ent. 5: 508.

Type-species: Hoplocryptus binotulus Thomson. Desig. by Viereck, 1914. The
type-species is regarded as a synonym of A. fugitiva ((}ravenhorst).

This Holarctic genus is arbitrarily distinguished from Ganibnis.

Aritranis affabilis (Provancher)
Que. s. to w. N. C, w. to Minn, and Kans. Host: Cephus pygniaeiis (L.),
Tracheius tabidus (F.), Phlyctaenia coronata tertialis (Gn.).
Cryptus affabilis Provancher, 1877. Nat. Canad. 9: 13. ♀.

Aritranis albicollaris
***authority mismatch
albicollaris (Cresson). Que. s. to N. C, w. to Mont, and Tex. Host: Phlyctaenia
coronata tertialis (Gn.).
Cryptus albicollaris Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 158. ♀.

Aritranis albicollaris
***authority mismatch
clypeata Townes. Wash., Calif

Aritranis albicollaris clypeata Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216 (pt. 3): 114. ♂, ♀.

Aritranis barberi Townes
Md.

Aritranis barberi Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3):
111. ♂.

Aritranis byrsina Townes
Que. s. to Ga., w. to Wis., Kans., and La. Host: Achatodes zeae (Harris),
Papaipema sp. in Sanibucus pith, "Oberea sp." in raspberry stem. It does not seem
likely that A. byrsina would be a primary parasite of Oberea.
Aritranis byrsina Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3):
102. ♂, ♀.

Aritranis imitator (Provancher)
Que. w. to n. Yukon, s. to R. I., Ohio, Colo., and Calif. Host: Hoplitis
iCyrtosniia) hypocrita (Ckll.).
Cryptus imitator Provancher, 1877. Nat. Canad. 9: 13. ♀.




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Aritrania i)nitator nigriventris Townes, 19G2. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus.

Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 121. ♂, ♀. N. syn.
Arifranis iniitator monticola Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui.

216 (pt. 3): 124. ♂, ♀. N. syn.
Aritrauis i)>ntator ruficauda Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.

216 (pt. 3): 125. cJ, 9. N. syn.

Aritranis linnae
***authority mismatch
linnae Townes. Que., N. Y., Ont., Mich., Minn., Sask., Alta.

Aritm)iis linnae linnae Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216

(pt. 3): 105. ♂, ♀.

Aritranis linnae
***authority mismatch
pacifica Townes. Calif.

Aritra)iis linnae pacifica Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216

(pt. 3): 106. ♂, ♀.

Aritranis notata
***authority mismatch
newcomeri (Cushman). Mont., Ida., B. C, Wash., Oreg. Host: Ametastegia glabrata

(Fall.), Allantux ductus (L.).
Caenocryptus newcomeri Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 463. 6, 9..

Aritranis notata
***authority mismatch
notata (Provancher). Que. s. to w. N. C, w. to Alaska, Alta, and Colo. Host:

Ametastegia glabrata (Fall.), Ancistrocerus bireniniaciilatus (Sauss.), "Odynerus" sp. in

Rhus stem.
Cryptus Belangeri Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6 (6): 177 (key); 6 (7): 201. 9. The

holotype was not located by Barron (1975).
Cryptus notatus Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6 (6): 177 (key); 6 (7): 202. 6. A specimen

presumed to be the holotype was located by Barron (1975).
Cryptus elongatus Provancher, 1882 (Dec). Nat. Canad. 13: 362. ♂. Preocc. by Rudow,

1882 (Nov.).
Oronotus alboniaculatus Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 205. ♂.

Taxonomy: Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 433, 466, 520.

Aritranis notata
***authority mismatch
sierrac Townes. Calif. Host: Ancistrocerus spilogaster Cam., Leptochilus tetradyynia

Parker, Megachile gentilis Cr.
Aritranis notata sierrae Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216

(pt. 3): 120. ♂, ♀.

Aritranis nubecula Townes
R. I., Fla., Mich., Tex.

Aritranis nubecula Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3):

109. ♂, ♀.

Aritranis zoesmairi (Dalla Torre)
Que. s. to w. N. C, w. to Wis. Host: Ceratina dupla Say. Individual

larvae consume two to five host larvae.
Cryptus omatus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 63 (key). 9.

Preocc. by Gravenhorst, 1829.
Cryptris scutellatus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 69. ♀.

Preocc. by Smith, 1858 and Provancher, 1877. This is species number 39 in Provancher's

treatment of Cryptus; the same number is used by Provancher for C. ornatus in his key

to the species of Cryptus; the fact that the synonymy between the two names

pertaining to species number 39 is objective was substantiated by Provancher (1889).
Cryptus gracilis Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 74. ♂. Preocc.

by Gravenhorst, 1829.
Cryptus Zoesmairi Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 595. N. name for C. scutellatus

Provancher and C. ornatus Provancher.
Habrocryptus graenicheri Viereck, 1904. Ent. News 15: 333. ♀.

Taxonomy: Provancher, 1889. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 452.

Biology: Graenicher, 1905. Ent. News 16: 43-49.

Genus PYCNOCRYPTUS Thomson

Pycnocryptus Thomson, 1873. Opusc. Ent. 5: 500.

Type-species: Cryptus peregrinator Gravenhorst. Monotypic. The type-species is
Gravenhorst's misidentification of Ichneumon peregrinator Linnaeus; the
specimens which Gravenhorst identified as peregrinator are now identified as P.

Pycnocryptus director (Thunberg)





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Cylindrocryptus Ceballos, 1921. Soc. Espan. de Hist. Nat., Bol. 21: 50.

Type-species: Cylindrocryptus nitidns Ceballos. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is a small Holarctic genus.

Pycnocryptus alexanderi Townes
Vt.

PycnocryptuH alexanderi Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 3): 128. ♂.

Pycnocryptus director (Thunberg)
P. E. I. s. to N. C, w. to Mont, and Colo.; Europe. Adventive.

Ichneumon director Thunberg, 1822. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem. 8: 270. ♂.

Pycnocryptus freemani Townes
N. B., Alta., Alaska.

PycnocryptuH freemani Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 3): 127. ♀.

Pycnocryptus platyaspis Townes
Northern Que., n. Man., Wyo.

Pycnocryptus platyaspis Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 3): 127. ♀.

Genus HIDRYTA Foerster

Hidryta Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 187.

Type-species: Bracbycryptus erytbrocenis Thomson. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from
four species included by Dalla Torre, 1902.
Brachycryptus Thomson, 1873. Opusc. Ent. 5: 487.

Type-species: Brachycryptus erythrocerus Thomson. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Euthycryptus Jussel, 1907. Vorarlberger Landes-Mus., Jahresber. 44: 71.

Type-species: Euthycryptus scrobiculifer Jussel. Monotypic.

This is a small Holarctic genus.

Hidryta frater (Cresson)
Newfoundland (Labrador) s. to Va., w. to Oreg. and Calif.; Eurasia. Ecology:
Adults occur among the coarse grasses and sedges of wet meadows.

Cry ptus frater Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 303. ♀.

Cryptus sordidus Tschek, 1870. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verh. 20: 409. ♀.

Brachycryptus erythrocerus Thomson, 1873. Opusc. Ent. 5: 488. ♀.

Hidryta nigricoxa (Provancher)
N. S. s. to w. N. C, w. to Minn.

Cryptus nigricoxus Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 361. ♂.

Brachycryptus niger Cushman, 1926. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 67 (23): 7. ♂.

Genus IDIOLISPA Foerster

Idiolispa Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 188.

Type-species: Bassus analis Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from two species
included by Tschek, 1870.
Liocryptus Thomson, 1873. Opusc. Ent. 5: 489.

Type-species: Bassus analis Gravenhorst. Monotypic.
Paracryptus Szepligeti, 1916. Mus. Natl. Hungarici, Ann. 14: 251.

Type-species: Paracryptus hungaricus Szepligeti. Monotypic.

This is a small Holarctic genus.

Idiolispa aestivalis Townes
Que. s. to Ga. w. to Iowa, Kans., and Tex.

Idiolispa aestivalis Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3):
331. ♂, ♀.

Idiolispa albisoleata (Walsh)
Que., Maine, N. H., Va., Ont., Mich., Minn., Iowa, Ariz., n.w. N. W. T.,
Alaska.
Cryptus^ albisoleatus Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 80. ♂.

Idiolispa analis
***authority mismatch
analis (Gravenhorst). Newfoundland (Labrador) s. to Va., w. to Yukon, e. B. C, and
Colo.; Eurasia. In their tribal revision, Townes and Townes (1962) divided this




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subspecies into two, with the nominate form occupying nearly the entire range of the
other segregate.

Bassun analis Gravenhorst, 1807. Vergl. Uebers. Zool. Systeme, p. 266. Se.x not indicated.
In their tribal revision, Townes and Townes (1962) point out that the original
description of analis does not fit the ta.xon for which the name has traditionally been
used; lacking other evidence to indicate that Gravenhorst's original type material did
not include specimens of this taxon, they selected a lectotype which preserves the
traditional usage.

Ichneiuiion cursor Thunberg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem. 8: 256; 9: 298. ♀. Preocc. by Schrank, 1780.

Cryptus elevatus Zetterstedt, 1838. Insecta Lapponica, sect. 2, p. 370. ♀.

Cnjptus limatus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 298. ♀. N. syn.

IsclniHs lentus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Cand. 7: 110. ♂, ♀.

Idiolispa analis
***authority mismatch
ignea Townes. Southern Sask. s. to N. Mex., w. to s. B. C. and Calif.

Idiolispa a^ialis ignea Townes, 1962. hi Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt.
3): 329. cJ, 9.

Genus TRYCHOSIS Foerster

Trychosis Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 187.

Type-species: Cryptus titillator Gravenhorst. Included and desig. by

Schmiedeknecht, 1890. The type-species is Gravenhorst's misidentification of
Ichneumon titillator Linnaeus; the specimens which Gravenhorst identified as
titillator are now identified as T. niesocastana (Tschek) (see van Rossem, 1967).
Phaedrophadnus Cameron, 1906. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, Jour. 17: 285.

Type-species: Phaedrophadnus striatus Cameron. Monotypic.
Ethaemorpha Viereck, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 44: 565.

Type-species: Cryptus siniilis Cresson. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Orthocryptus Viereck, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 44: 567.

Type-species: Cryptus monticola Ashmead. Monotypic and orig. desig.

There are a few species of this moderately large genus in the Oriental Region and one known
from the Neotropic Region, but Trychosis is otherwise Holarctic. Some of the species have been
reared from spider egg cocoons, and records of rearings from Lepidoptera may be erroneous.

Revision: van Rossem, 1966. Zool. Verb. 79, 40 pp. (European spp.).

Taxonomy: van Rossem, 1965. Bui. Zool. Nomencl. 22: 259-260 (proposal for use of plenary
powers). —Perkins, 1966. Bui. Zool. Nomencl. 23: 8 (comment on lack of need for use of
plenary powers), —van Rossem, 1966. Bui. Zool. Nomencl. 23: 8 (rebuttal of Perkins).
— Sabrosky, 1967. Bui. Zool. Nomencl. 24: 73-74 (suggested changes for proposal of van
Rossem). —International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1974. Bui. Zool.
Nomencl. 31: 22-23 (unnecessary use of plenary powers).

Trychosis albicaligata (Walsh)
Conn. s. to Va., w. to Mich., Kans., and Tex. In their tribal revision,

Townes and Townes (1962) suggest that albicaligata may prove to be a junior synonym
of T. exulans (Cresson).
Cryptiis albicaligatus Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 82. ♂.

Trychosis anagma Townes
Que. w. to B. C, s. to R. I., Ohio, S. Dak., and Calif.

Trychosis anagtnus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt.
3): 376. ♂, ♀.

Trychosis apicalis Townes
R. I. s. to Fla., w. to Minn.

Trychosis apicalis Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3):
347. ♂, ♀.

Trychosis atrorubens Townes
Colo., Ariz., Nev., Calif.

Trychosis atrorubens Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt.
3): 369. c5, 9.

Trychosis coxalis Townes
R. I. s. to S. C, w. to Mich, and Ala.

Trychosis coxalis Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3):
346. ♂, ♀.




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Trychosis cyperia Townes
Newfoundland (Labrador) w. to w. N. W. T., s. to N. Y., Ohio, Colo., and n.
Calif. Ecology: Adults occur among sedges in wet meadows.
Trycliosis cyperia Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3):
373. ♂, ♀.

Trychosis depilis Townes
Wyo., Idaho, Utah, s. B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif. Townes suggests that depilis
may be only "subspecifically distinct" from the sympatric T. reflexa Townes.
TrijchoiiiH depUii< Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3):
368. ♂, ♀.

Trychosis exulans (Cresson)
Mass. s. to N. C, w. to Mich., Kans., and Tex. See text for T. albicaligata.

Cryptus exulans: Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 157. "♂"=♀.

Trychosis fuscata Townes
Newfoundland (Labrador), Que., Maine.

Trychoaia fmcata Townes, 1962. /;; Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3):
356. ♂, ♀.

Trychosis kathrynae Townes
Que. w. to Sask., s. to N. J., W. Va., Mich, and Minn.

Trychosis katlinj)tae Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt.
3): 363. 6, 9.'

Trychosis latidens Townes
Que. w. to Yukon, s. to Mass., Mich., Colo., and Oreg.

Trychosis latidens Townes, 1962. In Townes and Towes, U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 216 (pt. 3):
355. ♂, ♀.

Trychosis montivaga
***authority mismatch
austrina Townes. N. Mex.

Tn/cliosis niontifaga aiistri)ia Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216 (pt. 3): 341. ♂, ♀.

Trychosis montivaga
***authority mismatch
montivaga (Provancher). N. S. w. to Yukon, s. to Va., 111., Minn., and s. B. C.
Crypt us )nontit'agiis Provancher, 1877. Nat. Canad. 9: 12. ♀.

Pliygadeuo)t fnsiforniis Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 51. ♀.

Trychosis nigripes Townes
Tex.

Trychosis nigripes Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3):
345. ♂, ♀.

Trychosis peratra Townes
n. status. Newfoundland (insular) w. to B. C, s. to Va., Tex., and Calif.
Crypt us albitarsis Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3 (Sept.): 300. ♂. Preocc. in
Cryptus by Cresson, 1864 (June). T. peratra is not sufficiently well collected to make it
worthwhile proposing a new name for C. albitarsis in order to treat the eastern and
western populations as separate subspecies. N. syn.
Trychosis albitarsis peratra Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216 (pt. 3): 359. ♂, ♀.

Trychosis reflexa Townes
S. Dak., Mont., and s. B. C, s. to Utah and Calif. Townes says reflexa "is very
close to T. atrorubens and is likely to prove [to be] a subspecies of it;" see also the text
for T. depilis, above.
Trychosis reflexa Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3):
371. ♂, ♀.

Trychosis sanderi (Dalla Torre)
Colo. Known only from the holotype.

Cryptus monticola Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 410. ♀. Preocc. by

Cameron, 1885.
Cryptus Sanderi Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 587. N. name for )»onticola
Ashmead.

Trychosis semirubra Townes
Que. w. to n.w. N. W. T., s. to R. I., Ohio, Minn., N. Mex., and Calif.

Ecology: Has been reared from spider egg cocoons collected under rocks. Host: Eggs of
drassid spider. The subspecies recognized by Townes and Townes (1962) suffer from
being based upon too few specimens and, in two cases, from being based upon different
characters in each sex (hind tarsal coloration in males and flagellar coloration in
females). If the white banding on the female hind tarsus (contrary to the description of
Townes and Townes [1962], in at least one female they placed in their nominate
subspecies tarsal segments 2 through 4 are entirely white) does not correlate well with
the extent of white coloration on the female flagellum, it does not seem logical to




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suppose that there could be a good correlation between the coloration of the male hind

tarsus and the female flagellum.
Pliijgadeuon anmilatus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 179. ♀. Preocc. by Cresson, 1864.
Trychosis seiiiiniber Townes, 1944. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 254. N. name for P.

aumilatiis Provancher.
Trychosis soiiinibra pitlla Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.

216 (pt. 3): 352. ♂, ♀. N. syn.
Tri/choKiK semirubm arizonica Townes, 1962. //( Townes and Townes, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bui.

216 (pt. 3): 354. ♂, ♀. N. syn.

Trychosis similis (Cresson)
N. S. s. to S. C, w. to Minn., Kans., and Tex. The two subspecies recognized

by Townes and Townes (1962) were almost completely sympatric-
Cryptu.'< .■iunilifi Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 299. ♀.
Trychosis situ His badianniis Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.

216 (pt. 3): 343. ♂, ♀. N. syn.

Trychosis subgracilis (Cresson)
P. E. I. s. to Fla., w. to Colo, and Tex. Ecology: One specimen was
reared from a head of Rudbeckia aniplex.
Cryptus subgracilis Cresson. 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 303. ♀.
Crypius rufoannulatus Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6 (6): 177 (key); 6 (7): 202.

Trychosis sulcata Townes
Mass. s. to N. C, w. to Mich, and Kans.

Trychosis sulcata Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3):
349. ♂, ♀.

Subtribe CRYPTINA

Townes (1970) says that this is the dominant subtribe in the Holarctic Region. Most of the
species appear to be parasites of the pupae or prepupae of Lepidoptera or Symphyta.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 158-159 (genera of world).

Genus CAMERA Townes

Camera Townes, 1962. //( Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 432.
Type-species: Mesosfenus euryaspis Cameron. Orig. desig.

Except for the species which ranges into Texas, this small genus is Neotropic.

Camera euryaspis (Cameron)
Tex.; Mexico.

Mesosfenus euryaspis Cameron, 1885. Biol. Cent.-Amer., Hym., v. 1, p. 226. ♀.

Genus ISCHNUS Gravenhorst

Ischnus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 1, p. 638.

Type-species: Ichneumon porrectorius Fabricius. Desig. by Westwood, 1840. The
type-species is regarded as a synonym of /. inquisitoriiis inquisitorius (Mueller).
Habrocrypfus Thomson, 1873. Opusc. Ent. 5: 498.

Type-species: Cryptus assertorins Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1914. The
type-species is Gravenhorst's identification of Ichneunioyi assertorius Fabricius
and is regarded as a synonym of I. inquisitorius inquisitorius (Mueller).
Aglaocryptus Cameron, 1903. Manchester Lit. and Phil. Soc, Mem. and Proc. 47 (14): 31.

Type-species: Aglaocryptus curvitnaculatus Cameron. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Erythrocryptus Cameron, 1905. Invertebrata Pacifica 1: 126.

Type-species: Erythrocryptus rufus Cameron. Monotypic.

This moderately large genus is almost worldwide in distribution. The species are pupal
parasites of Lepidoptera.

Ischnus cinctipes (Walsh)
Que. s. to Fla., w. to Minn, and Tex. Host: Ancylis comptana (Froel), A.
dii'isana Wlk., Paralobesia viteana (Clem.).
Cryptus cinctipes Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 72. ♂, ♀.
Phygadeuon fraterculus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 55. ♀.
Spilocryptus polychrosidis Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 461. ♂, ♀.




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inquisitorius assimilis (Uchida). Alaska; n.e. Asia. /. inquisitorius inquisitorius (Mueller)

occurs in Europe.
Habrocryptus aHsi)tiilis Uchida, 1930. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Faculty Agr., Jour. 25: 313. ♀.
inquisitorius atricollaris (Walsh). N. S. s. to w. N. C, w. to Alaska and Calif. Host: Archips

argy)-ospilui< (Wlk.), Choristoneiim co)iJlicta)ia (Wlk.), C.fitniifemna (Clem.), C.

rOKaceana (Harris), orange tortricid on azalea, Malacosoitia clisstria Hbn. Townes and

Townes (1962) split this subspecies into three which were very arbitrarily separated and

had broadly overlapping ranges.
Crypfits atricollaris Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 72. ♂, ♀.
Cryptits varim Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6 (6): 177 (key); 6 (7): 200. ♂.
hcluius exilia Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 111. ♂.

Cryptux atriceps Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 361. ♀. N. syn.
Spilocrypfus tieoiiiexicaua Viereck, 1903 In Skinner, Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 81. ♂.
Erythrocryptiis rufits Cameron, 1905. Invertebrata Pacifica 1: 126. ♀. N. syn.
Ganibrus veuablesi Viereck, 1924. Canad. Ent. 56: 65. ♀.
Ifichnus inquisitorius pectoralis Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus.

Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 146. ♂, ♀. N. syn.

Ischnus laevifrons Townes
Ariz.

Ischnus laevifrons Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3):

156. ♂, ♀.

Ischnus latus (Provancher)
Que., Maine, N. H., Ont., Mich., Sask., Alta.

Cryptus latus Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6 (6): 178 (key); 6 (7): 204. 9. The holotype of

this species was not located by Barron (1975); the original description seems to show

that Townes and Townes (1962) were correct in removing latus from Cubocephalus

where it had been placed by virtue of the incorrect synonymy of Provancher (1879).
Phygadeuon J-annulatus Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13 (no. 155): 335 (key); 13 (no.

156): 355. ♀. Preocc. by P. triannulatus Gravenhorst, 1829.
Cryptus J-annulatus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 74. ♂.

Preocc. in Ischnus by Provancher, 1882.
Ischnus fraterculus tricircularis Walkley, 1958. In Krombein, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr.

Monog. 2, Sup. 1, p. 46. N. name for P. J-annulatus Provancher.

Taxonomy: Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11: 69 (incorrect syn.). —Townes and Townes,
1962. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 135-136. —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 494, 575.

Ischnus laurae Townes
S. C, Fla.

Ischnus laurae Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3):
140. cJ, 9.

Ischnus lautus Townes
Southern B. C, Calif. Host: Grapholitha niolesta (Bsk.).

Ischnus lautus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3):
163. ♂, ♀.

Ischnus minor Townes
Northern Que. w. to Alaska, s. to n. Ga., Minn., Ariz., and Calif. Host: Epinotia
aceriella (Clem.), Paralobesia viteana (Clem.), Acleris variana (Fern.), Choristoneura
funiiferana (Clem.).
Ischnus minor Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 159. ♂, ♀.

Ischnus pinguis (Provancher)
revised status. Que. s. to w. N. C, w. to Minn. Townes and Townes
(1962) placed pinguis as a subspecies of latus; the fact that they saw "no real
intergrades" between pinguis and latus leaves the status of pinguis in doubt because
most of the latus specimens they studied were collected within the northern portion of
the range of pi)iguis.
Phaeogenes pinguis Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 43. 9. A
lectotype was selected by Barron (1975).

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1962. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 136-137. —Barron,
1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 531.

Ischnus politus Townes
Colo. Ecology: Occurs in the Rocky Mountains at timberline.

Ischnus politus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3):
162. ♀.




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Ischnus rhomboidalis (Walsh)
Que. s. to e. Tenn., w. to N. Dak. and Colo. Host: Laspeyresia
pomonella (L.).
Cryptus rhomboidalis Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 72. ♀.
Cryptiis a»iblytelarius Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 70. ♀.

Ischnus sparsus Townes
Que. s. to w. N. C, w. to Minn.

hchnus uparsus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3):
141. ♂, ♀.

Ischnus velutinus Townes
Ariz. Ecology: Occurs in moist deciduous foresjts of mountains in central
Ariz.
hclinua velutinus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3):
155. ♂, ♀.

Genus GLABRIDORSUM Townes

Glabridorsum Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 174.

Type-species: Gonibrus stokesii Cameron. Monotypic and orig. desig.

The eleven species (ten undescribed) known to Townes (1970) occur between Japan and Aus-
tralia.

Glabridorsum stokesii (Cameron)
Australia. Introduced in N. J. and Va. in 1932 and in Idaho (date unknown
to me) apparently without becoming established. Host: Grapliolitha molesta (Bsk.),
Laspeyresia ponionella (L.). The hosts listed were the target species for introductions in
North America.
Ga)nbnis Stoke>tii Cameron, 1912. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Proc. 37 (1): 180. ♀.

Biology: Allen, Holloway, and Haeussler, 1940. U. S. Dept. Agr., Cir. 561: 50-51.

Genus CHROMOCRYPTUS Ashmead

Clironiocryptus Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 41.

Type-species: Chrotnocryptus albopicfus Ashmead. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Mesoatetiiniorpha Viereck, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 44: 566.

Type-species: Cryptus )iebraskensis Ashmead. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Neocryptopteryx Blanchard, 1947. Mus. Hist. Nat. Montevideo, Commun. Zool. 2 (no. 42): 1.

Type-species: Neocryptopteryx orie)italiN Blanchard. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Nothischnus Porter, 1967. Studia Ent. 10: 396.

Type-species: Nothisclinus riverai Porter. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Periplasma Porter, 1967. Studia Ent. 10: 404.

Type-species: Periplasma tanaum Porter. Monotypic and orig. desig.

Townes (1970) said his reasons for regarding Chromocryptus as distinct from Trachysphyrus
are not compelling. Because Townes and Townes (1962) had treated Chroiuocryptus as distinct
from Trachysphyrus in their revision of the Nearctic Cryptini, it seems logical to do likewise
here, thereby restricting the application of the name Trachysphyrus to Neotropic species. E.\-
cept for four species which occur in the Nearctic region, Chromocryptus is also Neotropic; the
South American species are numerous.

Revision: Porter, 1967. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 10: 1-168, in part (Neotropic spp., treated as
part of genus Trachysphyrus).

Ta.xonomy: Townes, 1970. Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 12: 179-181.

Chromocryptus mesorufus Cushman
revised status. Fla.; Mexico. In the U. S. Natl. Mus. collection there is a
female collected in a blacklight trap at Miami, Fla. In their tribal revision, Townes and
Townes (1962) treated niesorufus as a subspecies of planosae (Fitch).
Chromocryptus mesorufus Cushman, 1930. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 76 (25): 2. ♀.

Chromocryptus planosae (Fitch)
Mass., Conn., N. Y., Pa., Ohio, Mich., Ind., 111., Nebr. Host: Epicnaptera

americana (Harris), Tolype laricis (Fitch), T. relleda (Stoll), Halisidota tesselaris (J. E.
S.). Apparently, a number of adults may emerge from a single host.
Phygadeuon Planosae Fitch, 1856. N. Y. State Agr. Soc, Trans. 15: 501. ♀.
Cryptus nebraskensis Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 412. ♀.
Chromocryptus albopictus Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 41. ♀.




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Agrothereutes (Itanioplex) cressoni Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist.
Survey Bui. 22: 332. ♀.

Taxonomy: Porter, 1974. Fla. Ent. 57: 335.

Chromocryptus vandykei Townes
n. status. Calif.

Chroniocyrpfiin plationae vandykei Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus.
Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 258. ♀.

Chromocryptus weemsi (Porter)
n. comb. Fla.

Trachy.spliyriifi weewsi Porter, 1974. Fla. Ent. 57: 331. ♂, ♀.

Genus JOPPIDIUM Cresson

Joppidiuni Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 160.

Type-species: Joppidiinn ntbriceps Cresson. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Joppidiiun Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 69. Preocc. by Cresson, 1872.

Type-species: Joppidiiini riificepN Walsh. Monotypic.
Joppoceras Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 39, 40.

Type-species: "Cryptua" duhiositni Cresson. Monotypic and orig. desig. The
type-species designation is an error ior Joppidiuni dtibiosHm Cresson.
Opixoxestus Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 40.

Type-species: Opiaoxestun fernigineus Ashmead. Monotypic and orig. desig. The
type-species is regarded as a synonym of J. caentleipenne Cameron.
hocryptufi Brethes, 1927. Ent. Mitt. 16: 308.

Type-species: Isocryptua azureus Brethes. Monotypic. The type-species is regarded
as a synonym of J. nioerens nioerens (Perty).

This Nearctic and Neotropic genus is of moderate size.

Joppidium apicale Cresson
Pa. s. to Ga., w. to Kans. and Tex.

Joppidiuni apicale Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 160. ♀.
Joppidiuni ruficeps Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 70. cJ, 9.

Joppidium arizonicum Townes
Ariz.

Joppidiuni arizonicum Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 3):312. ♂.

Joppidium brochum
***authority mismatch
brochum Townes. Okla., Tex.; Mexico.

Joppidiuni brochum brochum Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216 (pt. 3): 309. 6,2.

Joppidium brochum
***authority mismatch
fattigi Townes. Ky., N. C, Ga.

Joppidiuni brochum fattigi Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216 (pt. 3): 309. ♂, ♀.

Joppidium densum Townes
Ariz.; Mexico.

Joppidiuni densum Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt.
3): 312. ♂, ♀.

Joppidium discolor Townes
Ariz.

Joppidiuni discolor Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt.
3): 313. ♂.

Joppidium dubiosum Cresson
Va., S. C, Ga., Ala.; Mexico.

Joppidiuni dubiosum Cresson, 1873. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 25: 138. ♂, ♀.
Opisosextiis (!) ruficeps Szepligeti, 1916. Mus. Natl. Hungarici, Ann. 14: 240. ♂. Preocc. in
Joppidiuni by Walsh, 1873.

Joppidium fuscipenne
***authority mismatch
(Brulle). Ariz.; Mexico.

Cryptusfuscipennis Brulle, 1846. //( Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 189. ♀.
Joppidiuni donabilis Cresson, 1873. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 25: 139. ♂, ♀.
Joppidiuni yucatanense Cameron, 1885. Biol. Cent.-Amer., Hym., v. 1, p. 211. ♀.

Joppidium rubriceps Cresson
N. J. s. to Ga., w. to Mo. and Tex.

Joppidiuni rubriceps Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 160. ♂, ♀.

Genus CAENOCRYPTUS Thomson

Caenocryptus Thomson, 1873. Opusc Ent. 5: 494.




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Type-species: Cryptus rufirentrifs Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Hobrocryptoides Uchida, 1952. Insecta Matsumurana 18: 19.

Type-species: Habrocryptoides shikokuenais Uchida. Orig. desig.
Pseudischnus Walkley, 1954. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 44: 219.

Type-species: Ischnus oregotiensif; Cushman. Monotypic and orig. desig.

The members of this moderate-sized Holarctic genus apparently parasitize sawflies and
cocoon spinning Lepidoptera.
Ta.xonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 189 (generic syn.).

Caenocryptus erasus (Townes)
Alta.

Habrocryptoides erasus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 3): 175. ♀.

Caenocryptus inflexus (Townes)
Calif.

Habrocrtipfoide.H inflexus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 3): 177. ♀.

Caenocryptus lumbarius Townes
Calif.

Habrocryptoides lumbarius Townes, 1962 In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216 (pt. 3): 174. ♀.

Caenocryptus luctuosus
***authority mismatch
luctuosus (Cresson). Que. w. to s. Yukon, s. to N. Y., S. Dak., Colo., CaHf. Host:

Trichiosowa triangulum Kirby, Zaraea inflata Nort., sawfly on Tsuga hcterophyla. C.

Caenocryptus luctuosus
***authority mismatch
atrifetiiur (Townes) occurs in Japan and C. luctuosus holalpinus (Heinrich)
occurs in Europe. In the tribal revision of Townes and Townes (1962), the latter was
treated as a synonym of Cryptus luctuosus subquadratus Thomson. A bizarre situation
developed when van Rossem (1969) treated holalpinus as an alpine subspecies of
Cryptus luctuosus distinct from luctuosus subquadratus, followed by Townes (1970)
treatment of subquadratus as a species not congeneric with luctuosus holalpinus;
Townes (1970) placed subquadratus in Itanioplex (=Cryptus), while placing luctuosus
and its subspecies in Caenocri/ptus. Both van Rossem (1969) and Townes (1970) had
studied the lectotype of Cryptus subquadratus.

Cryptus luctuosus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 290. ♀.

Agrothereutes (Itaiuoplex) ebenus Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist.
Survey Bui. 22: 333. ♀.

Cryptiis caligatus Cushman, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 72 (13): 2. ♀.

Taxonomy: van Rossem, 1969. Tijdschr. v. Ent. 112: 364-366. —Townes, 1970. Amer. Ent.
Inst., Mem. 12: 190.

Caenocryptus nitens (Townes)
Calif.

Habrocryptoides nitens Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 3): 176. ♀.

Caenocryptus oregonensis (Cushman)
S. Dak., Wyo., Idaho, B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif. Host: Neodiprion
tsugae Midd.
Ischnus oregonensis Cushman, 1939. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 29: 392. ♂, ♀.
Habrocryptoides oregonensis coxalis Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl.
Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 167. 9. N. syn. Described from a single female.

Caenocryptus pictus Townes)
Ariz.

Habrocryptoides pictus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 3): 173. ♂.

Caenocryptus rufifrons (Walsh)
R. I. s. to s. Fla., w. to Mich., Kans., and Tex.

Cryptus rufifrons Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 75. ♀.

Caenocryptus virgeus
***authority mismatch
ardalus (Townes). Colo., Ariz. Ecology: Occurs in relatively moist deciduous forests.
Habrocryptoides lurgeus ardalus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus.
Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 172. ♂, ♀.

Caenocryptus virgeus
***authority mismatch
virgeus (Townes). Mass. s. to S. C, w. to Wis. Host: Harrisina americana (G.-M.),
Laspeyresia ponionella (L.)?
Habrocryptoides virgeus virgeus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus.
Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 171. ♂, ♀.




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Genus LANUGO Townes

Lanugo Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 259.
Type-species: Cryptus retenfor Brulle. Orig. desig.

This small genus is Nearctic and Neotropic. The type-species has been reared from cocoons of
Megalopygidae.

Lanugo bicincta Townes
Kans.

Lanugo bicincta Townes, 1962. Ln Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3):
270. ♀.

Lanugo brunnipennis Townes
Southern B. C, Wash., Calif.

Lanugo Brunnipennia Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt.
3): 275. ♂, ♀.

Lanugo cestus (Say)
Southern Indiana, Tenn.

Cryptus cestus Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 234. ♀.

Lanugo deserti
***authority mismatch
Townes. Utah, Ariz., Calif. Ecology: One specimen was apparently reared as a
secondary parasite of a sawfly on Pi)ius.
Lanugo deserti Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3):

268. ♂, ♀.

cxcincta Townes. Northwestern Kans., Colo., N. Mex., Utah, Ariz.

Lanugo excincta Townes, 1962. I)i Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3):
272. ♂, ♀.

Lanugo ferrugata Townes
Tex.

Lanugo fernigata Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3):
263. ♂, ♀.

Lanugo flavipennis Townes
Ariz.

Lanugo flavipennis Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt.
3): 271. ♂, ♀.

Lanugo longurius Townes
Ariz.

Lanugo longurius Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3):

269. ♀.

Lanugo picta Townes
Tex., Ariz.; Mexico.

Lamigo picta Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 266. ♂, ♀.

Lanugo polita Townes
Ariz.

Lanugo polita Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 271. ♀.

Lanugo retentor (Brulle)
Va. s. to Fla., w. to Ind. and Tex. Host: Lagoa pyxidifera (J. E. S.),
Megalopyge opercularis (J. E. S.).
Cryptus retentor Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 192. ♀.
Cryptus covmleiisis Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 159. ♀.
Cryptus nigripennis Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 411. ♀.

Lanugo schlingeri Townes
Calif.

Lanugo schlingeri Townes, 1962. /*( Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3):
262. ♀.

Lanugo sororia (Cresson)
Tex., Ariz., Calif.; Mexico.

Cryptus sororius Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 159. ♂.

Genus BUATHRA Cameron

Buatlira Cameron, 1903. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 51: 233.

Type-species: Buatlira rufiveitfris Cameron. Monotypic. *

Bathycrisis Cameron, 1905. Spolia Zeylanica (Ceylon Jour. Sci., Sect. B) 3: 96.

Type-species: Bathycrisis sfriaticollis Cameron. Monotypic.

This is a Holarctic and Oriental genus of small or moderate size. According to van Rossem
(1971) the separation between Buathra and Mcringopus is rather difficult and arbitrary; he be-
lieved that Buathra could be merged into Meringopus.




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Revision: van Rossem, 1971. Tijdschr. v. Ent. 114: 201-208 (European spp.).

Taxonomy: van Rossem, 1969. Tijdschr. v. Ent. 112: 167, 169 (fig. and key to distinguish from
Meringopus). — Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 192-193 (referred
additional spp. to genus). —Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 239 (syn. corrected).

Buathra crassifemur (Pratt)
Idaho, s. B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif.

Cryptus craKnifoimr Pratt, 1945. Amer. Midland Nat. 34: 582. ♂, ♀.

Buathra dorsicarinata (Pratt)
Alta. s. to Colo, and Ariz., w. to Alaska and Calif.

Cryptus dorsicari)iatus Pratt, 1945. Amer. Midland Nat. 34: 612. ♂, ♀.

Buathra laborator (Thunberg)
Greenland; Newfoundland (Labrador) w. to Alaska, s. to N. Y., Wis., S.

Dak., N. Mex., and Calif.; n. Eurasia. Host: Melanolopliia imitata (Wlk.). The description

of laborator given by van Rossem (1971) shows that Cryptus altonii Dalla Torre should

be suppressed as a synonym rather than being recognized as a subspecies of laborator

on the basis of the distinguishing characters used in the tribal revision of Townes and

Townes (1962).
Ichneumon laborator Thunberg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem. 8: 273 (key); 9: 344. [male].
Cryptus fabricii Schiodte, 1857. In Rink, Gronland Geog. og Statis. Beskrevet, v. 2, pt. 3, p. 62. c^, 9.
Placed as a synonym by van Rossem (1971).
Cryptus proxi)Nus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 290. ♀. Preocc. by Fonscolombe, 1850. N. syn.
Cryptus fuli'ipes Magretti, 1884. Soc. Ent. Ital., Bol. 16: 99. ♂.
Cryptus Altonii Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 560. N. name for C. proxintus

Cresson.
Cryptus/ saclialinensis Matsumura, 1911. Tohoku Imp. Univ., Col. Agr., Jour. 4 (1): 95. ♀.
Cryptus tarsoleums var. takagii Uchida, 1930. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Faculty Agr., Jour. 25: 306. ♂.
Tracliysphyrus laborator satoi Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 209. ♀. N. syn.
Described from a single specimen from Korea.

Taxonomy: Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 180-181 (syn.).

Buathra lochmaia (Townes)
Ariz. Ecology: Occurs in chaparral areas.

Tracliysphyrus lochiiiaius Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 3):216. ♂, ♀.

Buathra perplexa (Cresson)
revised status. Idaho, w. Nev., s. B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif. Townes and
Townes (1962) treated perplexa as a subspecies of laborator. In one paragraph they
stated that "intergrades between [perplexa] ... and altonii [now a syn. of laborator] are
moderately common where the ranges of the two are adjacent or overlap." In a
subsequent paragraph they stated that perplexa "intergrades with the subspecies
altonii rather freely in western Idaho and near the crest of the Sierra Nevada." The
kinds of localities from which they record both taxa lead me to believe that the
specimens they regarded as intergrades actually were not.
Cryptus proxinius var.? perplexus Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30:
359. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1962. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 213-214.

Buathra strigosa (Pratt)
Wash., Oreg., Calif.

Cryptus strigosHS Pratt, 1945. Amer. Midland Nat. 34: 583. ♂, ♀.

Genus CRYPTUS Fabricius

Cryptus Fabricius, 1804. Systema Piezatorum, p. 70. Preocc. by Jurine, 1801 and Panzer,
1804.

Type-species: Cryptus viciuatorius Fabricius. Desig. by Curtis, 1837.

Eucryptus Haldeman, 1842. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 1: 191. N. name for Cryptus
"(Hal.)," presumably Haliday. Haliday (1839) used the name Cryptus for Ichneumonidae
in a paper describing insects whose names had been published as nomina nnda by
Curtis (1837), who used the abbreviation "Hal." for Haliday and suppressed "Cryptus B.
E." as a synonym of the sawfly name Scizocerus and used Cryptus "F[abricius]" for
Ichneumonidae.




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Itamoplex Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 188.

Type-species: Cnjptns aniericanua Cresson. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from three
species included by Ashmead, 1900.
• Plesiocryptiis Cameron, 1903. Ztschr. f. System. Hym. Dipt. 3: 299.
Type-species: Plesiocryptus carinifrous Cameron. Monotypic.

This large genus is Holarctic, Oriental, and Ethiopian. The controversy regarding the name
Cryptiis remains unsettled. Even if Opinion 135 (see Hemming, 1939) were valid, Crypfus
Fabricius (1804) would still be preoccupied by Cryptus Panzer (1804) (a subjective synonym of
Arge), and Eucryptus Haldeman may be a valid replacement name for Cryptus Fabricius.
Henniiing's (1945) conclusion that "suspension [of the Rules] would not be essential in the case
of Cryptus Panzer [1804]" is incorrect because Panzer's fascicle 88 (1804) of Fauna Insectorum
Germanicae is shown to predate Fabricius's Systema Piezatorum by virtue of the fact that the
former is cited on page 35 of the latter. Cryptus is used here because I feel that it is virtually
certain that the majority of specialists presently studying Ichneumonidae would choose to sup-
press Cryptus Jurine (1801), Cryptus Panzer (1804), and Eucryptus Haldeman (if the latter is
valid).

Revision: Pratt, 1945. Amer. Midland Nat. 34: 562-661. —van Rossem, 1969. Tijdschr. v. Ent.
112: 229-375 (western Palearctic spp.).

Taxonomy: Jurine, 1801. In Panzer, Intell. Blatt. Litt.-Ztg. Erlangen 21: 163. —Panzer, 1804.
Fauna Ins. German, fasc. 88, pi. 17. —Curtis, 1837. Guide Arrang. Brit. Ins., ed. 2, columns
81-115. -Haliday, 1839 (1838). Ann. Nat. Hist. 2: 114-116. -Hemming, 1939; 1945.
Internatl. Comn. Zool. Nomencl., Opinions and Declarations Rendered 2: 7-12 (Opinion
135); 2: 256 (Opinion 157).

Cryptus albitarsis (Cresson)
Newfoundland (Labrador) w. to w. N. W. T., s. to S. C, Ala., Tex., and

Calif.; Mexico, Costa Rica. Host: Heliothis zeae (Bod.), Macronoctua onusta Grt.,

Grapliolitha ))iolesfa (Bsk.), Psorosina hanimondi (Riley), Tetralopha robustella Zell.

According to van Rossem (1969), albitarsis may be conspecific with the Eurasian C.

dia)iae Gravenhorst.
Ichneumon vinctus Say, 1829. Contrib. Maclurian Lyceum to Arts and Sci. 1: 70. ♂.

Preocc. by Schrank, 1781.
Ischnus albitarsis Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3 (June): 194. ♂.
Cryptus aniericanus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3 (Sept.): 297. ♀.
Cryptus nigricalceatus Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 77. ♂.
Cryptus nigricornis Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6 (6): 177 (key); 6 (7): 201. ♂. Preocc.

by Brulle, 1846.
Nematopodius coxatus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 269. ♂.
Hoplismenus u/^por Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11: 3. "♂"=♀.
Cryptus bicolor Smith, 1879. Descr. New Spp. Hym. in Coll. Brit. Mus., p. 231. ♀. Preocc.

by Lucas, 1846. N. syn.
Cryptus monticola Cameron, 1885. Biol. Cent. -Amer., Hym., v. 1, p. 203. ♀. Preocc. by

Wesmael, 1840. N. syn.
Cryptus argentifrons Cameron, 1885. Biol. Cent.-Amer., Hym., v. 1, p. 204. ♂. N. syn.
Cryptus coloradensis Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 408. ♀. N. syn.
Spilocryptus canarsiae Ashmead, 1898. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 4: 124. ♂.
Cryptus Eggeri Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 569. N. name for bicolor Smith. N.

syn.
Cryptus perneri Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 585. N. name for nigricornis

Provancher.
Cryptus coHsobrinus Viereck, 1906. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 32: 225. ♀. N. syn.
Crypfus inoniatus Pratt, 1945. Amer. Midland Nat. 34: 612. ♀. N. syn.

Taxonomy: van Rossem, 1969. Tijdschr. v. Ent. 112: 333, 336.

Cryptus arcticus Schiodte
Greenland, n.e. N. W. T., Alaska, B. C, Calif.; Europe?

Cryptus arcticus Schiodte, 1857. In Rink, Gronland Geog. og Statis. Beskrevet, v. 2, pt. 3,

p. 57. ♂, ♀.
Cryptus lutescens Tschek, 1872. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verh. 22: 234. ♀.




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Taxonomy: Mason, 1968. Canad. Ent. 100: 17, 18 (fig. and differences from leeclti Mason),
—van Rossem, 1969. Tijdschr. v. Ent. 112: 368 (syn.).

Cryptus aridus Pratt
Colo., B. C, Idaho, Oreg., Calif.

Cryptiis andiis Pratt, 1945. Amer. Midland Nat. 34: 618. ♀.

Cryptus crassulus Pratt
Que., Mich.

Crypt us crassulus Pratt, 1945. Amer. Midland Nat. 34: 586. ♀.

Cryptus krombeini (Townes)
W. Va.

Trachysphyrus krowbeini Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 3):243. ♀.

Cryptus latigenalis Pratt
Mont., Colo. Host: Loxostege sfidicalis (L.).

Cryptus latigenalis Pratt, 1945. Amer. Midland Nat. 34: 611. ♀.

Biology: Ullyett, 1949; 1950. Canad. Ent. 81: 285-299; 82: 1-11 (misidentified as inoniatus
Pratt).
leech! Mason. Northeastern N. W. T.; n. Greenland.

Cryptus leechi Mason, 1968. Canad. Ent. 100: 17. ♂, ♀.

Cryptus mentigus Townes
Colo., N. Me.x., Ariz., Alaska, Yukon, Wash., Oreg., Calif.

Trachysphyrus mentigus mentigus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus.
Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 234. d, 9. Described from eight specimens from two localities in
Arizona.
Trachysphyrus )nentigus rufator Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus.,

Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 235. 9. Described from one specimen from California. N. syn.
Trachysphyrus mentigus rhodomerus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl.
Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 235. d, 9. Because this form had by far the largest range
(including Ariz, and Calif.) of the three forms of mentigus described by Townes it seems
unusual that he did not make it the nominate form. N. syn.

Cryptus minimus Pratt
Sask. s. to N. Mex., w. to Alta., e. Wash., e. Oreg., and Nev.

Cryptus minimus Pratt, 1945. Amer. Midland Nat. 34: 619. ♀.
moschator iroquois (Viereck). Que. s. to N. J., w. to Mich, and Ohio. C. moschator moschator
(Fabricius) is European.
Agrothereufes (Itamoplex) iroquois Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist.
Survey Bui. 22: 333. ♀.

Cryptus mutatus Pratt
revised status. Western Minn., e. S. Dak., Colo., s. Alta., Idaho, s. B. C, Wash.,
Oreg., Calif. In their tribal revison, Townes and Townes (1962) treated mutatjis as one
of three sympatric western subspecies of albitarsis (Cresson).
Cryptus curticaudus Pratt, 1945. Amer. Midland Nat. 34: 627. ♀.
Cryptus mutatus Pratt, 1945. Amer. Midland Nat. 34: 634. ♂, ♀.

Cryptus ocellaris Pratt
revised status. Western Nev., Oreg., Calif. In the tribal revision of Townes and
Townes (1962), ocellaris was treated as a sympatric subspecies of aridus Pratt. Because
these authors said that they had not seen any intergrades between the two taxa,

Cryptus ocellaris
***authority mismatch
is here treated as a distinct species instead of being suppressed as a synonym
of aridus.
Cryptus ocellaris Pratt, 1945. Amer. Midland Nat. 34: 617. ♀.

Cryptus persimilis Cresson
N. S. w. to s. B. C, s. to S. C, Tex., s. Ariz., and s. Calif.
Cryptus persimilis Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 298. ♀.
Cryptus pidicoxus Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 82. ♂.
Cryptus citrinimaculatus Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 320. ♂.
Cryptus associatus Pratt, 1945. Amer. Midland Nat. 34: 633. ♀.

Cryptus recurvatus Pratt
Tex., Ariz., Calif.; Mexico.

Cryptus recurvatus Pratt, 1945. Amer. Midland Nat. 34: 616. ♀.

Cryptus rufovinctus Pratt
revised status. Idaho, Utah, Nev., s. B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif. Host:
Synanthedon bibionipennis (Bdv.), S. exitiosa (Say), Etiella zinckenella (Treit.),
Autoplusia egena (Gn.), Trichoplusia ni (Hbn.). In the tribal revision of Townes and
Townes (1962), rufovinctus was treated as one of three sympatric western subspecies of

Cryptus albitarsis (Cresson)

Cryptus rufovinctus Pratt, 1945. Amer. Midland Nat. 34: 620.



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Cryptus rugifrons (Townes)
Ariz., Calif.

TrachyspliyruK nigifrouH Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 3):255. ♂, ♀.

Cryptus ruralis Pratt
Southern Man., s. Sask, n. Colo., s. Alta., Ida., s. B. C.

Cryptun niralix Pratt, 1945. Amer. Midland Nat. 34: 637. ♀.

Cryptus scapulatus (Townes)
Calif.

Tracliyaphynts scapulatus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216 (pt. 3): 241. ♂, ♀.

Cryptus sodalis
***authority mismatch
rugosiscutum Pratt. Southern Oreg., Calif.

Cryptus rugosiscutu))! Pratt, 1945. Amer. Midland Nat. 34: 572. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 194.

Cryptus sodalis
***authority mismatch
sodalis Cameron. Tex., Colo., N. Mex., Ariz.; Mexico.

Cryptus sodalis Cameron, 1885. Biol. Cent.-Amer., Hym., v. 1, p. 204. [female].
Cryptus cmssisculptus Pratt, 1945. Amer. Midland Nat. 34: 573. c^, 9. N. syn.
Cryptus flagellatus Pratt, 1945. Amer. Midland Nat. 34: 574. ♀. N. syn.
Trachysphyrus rugosiscutum binarius Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl.
Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 226. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1966. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: 70, 73. —Townes, 1970
(1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 194.

Genus XYLOPHRURUS Foerster

Xylophrunts Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 169.

Type-species: Echthnts laticifer Gravenhorst. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Schmiedeknecht, 1888. The name of the type-species has been
incorrectly suppressed as a synonym of Ichneumon rf/spa r Thunberg; the latter is
preocc. by Gmelin, 1790.
Nyxeophilus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 187.

Type-species: Cryptus biniaculafus Gravenhorst. Included and desig. by Thomson
(1885). In placing species in Nyxeophilus, Thomson (1885) said "Nyxeophilus
mihi," and Thomson (1897) said "Nyxeophilus Thomson," which led Perkins (1962)
to treat Nyxeophilus Thomson as a proposal of a new genus, and this seems
inconsistent with his p. 387 discussion of Thomson's use of the Foerster names.
The type-species is regarded as a synonym of X. augustus (Dalman).
Macrocryptus Thomson, 1873. Opusc. Ent. 5: 486.

Type-species: Echthnis lancifer Gravenhorst. Monotypic.
Xylophruridea Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 646.

Type-species: Xylophruridea agrili Viereck. Monotypic and orig. desig.

Revision: Cushman, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 536-540 (as Cryptoideus).

Taxonomy: Thomson, 1885. Soc. Ent. France, Ann. (6) 5: 18. —Thomson, 1897. Opusc. Ent. 11:
2363. -Perkins, 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent, Bui. 11: 387, 439.

Xylophrurus agrili (Viereck)
Ont., W. Va., Mich., Kans. Host: Agrilus horni Kerr., A. vittaticollis Rand.

Both of these hosts are root borers and pupate a short distance above the ground in the
stems of their hosts.
Xylophruridea agrili Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 646. ♀.

Biology: Brooks, 1914. Jour. Agr. Res. 3: 184. —Brooks, 1923. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent,
Monthly Let 108: 3. -Carlson, 1969. Amer. Ent Inst, Contrib. 4 (3): 39.

Xylophrurus bicolor
***authority mismatch
bicolor (Cushman). Colo., Alta., Idaho, Alaska, B. C. Host: Oberea sp. on Salix,

Saperda )uoesta LeC. The type locality is Fort Collins, Colo. (Holotype collected in May,
[1896?] by C. F. Baker).
Cryptoideus bicolor Cushman, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 537. ♀.

Xylophrurus bicolor
***authority mismatch
maurus Townes. Que., Ont., Mich., Man. Host: Agrilus horni Kerr.

Xylophrurus bicolor maiirus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216 (pt 3): 483. ♂, ♀.

Biology: Carlson, 1969. Amer. Ent Inst., Contrib. 4 (3): 39.




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Xylophrurus fasciatus
***authority mismatch
fasciatus (Ashmead). Que., N. Y., Pa., Md., Mich., Tex. Host: Agrilus conjlicola
Fisher, A. Iiorni Kerr.
BrachycentrmfasciatuH Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 413. ♀.
Cryptoideus rufus Cushman, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 538. ♀.

Xylophrurus fasciatus
***authority mismatch
hesperus Townes. Colo., Ariz., Calif. Host: Agrilus angel iciis Horn.

XylophriiriiH fasciafuK hexpeniN Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus.
Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 481. ♂, ♀.

Xylophrurus nubilipennis
***authority mismatch
abdominalis Townes. Sask., Utah, B. C.

Xylophnints nubilipennis abdominalis Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl.
Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 484. ♂, ♀.

Xylophrurus nubilipennis
***authority mismatch
luctuosus (Provancher). Que., N. H., Conn., N. Y., W. Va., Fla., Ont, Mich. Host:
Agrilus chatnplaini Frost, Oberea praelonga Casey, Saperda Candida F., borer in
Populns.
Mesochorus luctuosus Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 299. ♀.
Cryptoideus anthracinus Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 64 (4): 7. ♀.

Xylophrurus nubilipennis
***authority mismatch
nubilipennis (Cresson). Colo. Host: Dicerca divaricata (Say).

Cryptus nubilipennis Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 291. ♀.

Xylophrurus sitkensis (Ashmead)
Alaska, B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif.

Cryptoideus sitkensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 193. ♀.
Xylophnints atroruber Townes, 1944. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 290. 9. Validated as a
"new name" for Cryptoideus purpuri pennis "Ashmead" (1900) and "Cushman" (1919),
misidentifications of Cryptus purpuripennis Cresson (see discussion under Cryptoideus
Ashmead).

Taxonomy: Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 42 (validation of name Cryptoideus
and misidentification of its type-species). —Cushman, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 539
(redescription of specimen misidentified as purpuripennis [Cresson] by Ashmead under
the assumption that Ashmead's identification had been correct).

Genus REPTATRIX Townes

Reptatrix Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 276.
Type-species: Cryptus crassipes Pratt. Monotypic and orig. desig.

A single species is known.

Reptatrix crassipes (Pratt)
Wyo., Idaho, Utah, Wash., Oreg., Calif.

Cryptus crassipes Pratt, 1945. Amer. Midland Nat. 34: 585. ♀.

Genus MERINGOPUS Foerster

Meringopus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 186.

Type-species: Ci-yptus recreator Fabricius. By subsequent monotypy from inclusion
by Tschek, 1870. The type-species is regarded as a synonym of M. titillator
(Linnaeus).
Goniocryptus Thomson, 1973. Opusc. Ent. 5: 490.

Type-species: Ichneumon titillator Linnaeus. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.

This Holarctic genus is of moderate size.

Revision: van Rossem, 1969. Tijdschr. v. Ent. 112: 165-199 (European spp. plus some Asian

ones).
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970.(1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 201-202 (list of Nearctic spp.).

Meringopus asymmetricus
***authority mismatch
asymmetricus (Pratt). Sask. w. to B. C, s. to Colo., n. Ariz., and n. Calif.

Cryptus asymmetricus Pratt, 1945. Amer. Midland Nat. 34: 587. ♂, ♀.

Meringopus asymmetricus
***authority mismatch
mirabilis (Pratt). Southern Calif.

Cryptus mirabilis Pratt, 1945. Amer. Midland Nat. 34: 589. ♀.
calescens robustus (Cresson). Northern Man. w. to Alaska, s. to n. N. Mex., Utah, and n. Calif.
Ecology: Occurs near timberline in grassy areas with scattered conifers. M. c. calescens




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(Gravenhorst) occurs in Europe and part of Asia and M. c. alaicus (Townes) occurs in

Tadzhik S. S. R. and Kirgiz S. S. R., U. S. S. R.
Cryptus robust us Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Pliila., Proc. 3: 289. ♀.
Cryptus crassicornis Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 292. ♂.

Meringopus dirus (Cresson)
Southern B. C. s. to Calif., e. to Idaho., Colo., and Ariz.

Cryptus (lirus Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 359. ♀.

Meringopus fasciatus (Townes)
Ariz.

TrachysphyniH fasciatuN Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 3): 188. ♂, ♀.

Meringopus genatus (Pratt)
Southern Sask. and s. Alta., s. to N. Mex., Ariz., Nev. and n. Calif. Host:
Malacosoma californicu)ii fragile (Stretch), M. disstria Hbn.
Cryptus genatus Pratt, 1945. Amer. Midland Nat. 34: 570. ♂, ♀.
nigerrimus murorum (Tschek). Northern Man., Calif.; n. Europe. M. nigerr))tius nigerriyuus
(Fonscolombe) is known from southern Europe and central Asia.
Cryptus wurorum Tschek, 1872. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verh. 22: 234. ♂, ♀.
Cryptus serratus Thomson, 1873. Opusc. Ent. 5: 478. ♀.

Taxonomy: van Rossem, 1969. Tijdschr. v. Ent. 112: 190, 191-193.

Meringopus pacificus (Cresson)
Southern B. C, Oreg., Calif.

Cryptus pacificus Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 361. 6. ■

Meringopus punicus (Cresson)
revised status. Southern B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif. The discussion in the
tribal revision of Townes and Townes (1962) indicates that there was not sufficient
evidence to treat punicus as a subspecies or synonym of relativus.
Cryptus punicus Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 364. ♀.
Cryptus californicus Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 411. ♀.

Meringopus relativus (Cresson)
Southern Alta. s. to N. Mex., w. to s. B. C. and Calif. Host: Sesia tibialis
(Harris). This taxon was divided into two sympatric subspecies in the tribal revision of
Townes and Townes (1962); intermediate specimens which I have seen among the
material they studied contradict their discussion and indicate the need for placing
Cryptus nitschei Dalla Torre as a synonym of relativus rather than giving it species

gt at,US

Cryptus relatirus Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 359. ♀.

Cryptus pictifrons Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 360. ♂.

Cryptus violaceipennis Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 408. ♂, ♀. Preocc.
by Brulle, 1846. N. syn.

Cryptus leucopus Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 409. 6. Apparently
preocc. in Cryptus by Ichneumon leucopus Gmelin, 1790. /. leucopus Gmelin was placed
as a synonym of Cryptus tarsoleucus (Schrank) by Gravenhorst (1829), and Townes
(1970) placed tarsoleucus in Itanioplex (=Cryptus). Neither tarsoleucus nor /. leucopus
Gmelin was mentioned by van Rossem (1969) in his revision of the European species of
Cryptus. N. syn.

Cryptus Nit.fcliei Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 581. N. name for C. violaceipennis
Ashmead. N. syn.

Cryptus eleucopus Walkley, 1958. In Krombein et al, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, sup.
1, p. 46. N. name for C. leucopus Ashmead. N. syn.

Taxonomy: Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 449.— Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent.
Inst, Mem. 12: 192.

Meringopus serraticaudus (Pratt)
Colo., Idaho, Utah., s. B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif.

Cryptus serraticaudus Pratt, 1945. Amer. Midland Nat. 34: 594. ♂, ♀.

Meringopus symmetricus
***authority mismatch
bilobatus (Pratt). Northern CaUf.

Cryptus bilobatus Pratt, 1945. Amer. Midland Nat. 34: 592. ♀.

Meringopus symmetricus
***authority mismatch
symmetricus (Pratt). Cole, s. Alta., Utah, s. B. C.

Cryptus symmetricus Pratt, 1945. Amer. Midland Nat. 34: 590. ♂, ♀.

Meringopus tejonensis (Cresson)
Alta. s. to N. Mex., w. to Alaska and Calif. In the tribal revision of
Townes and Townes (1962) two subspecies with broadly overlapping ranges were
recognized.
Cryptus tejonensis Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 360. ♀.




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Cry plus nifopedibus Pratt, 1945. Amer. Midland Nat. 34: 597. 9. Name invalid; dative

grammatical case.
Cryptu.s niiniicKs Pratt, 1945. Amer. Midland Nat. 34: 607. ♂, ♀. N. syn.
Cryptus temporalis Pratt, 1945. Amer. Midland Nat. 34: 609. ♂, ♀. N. syn.
Cryptu.s rugulosHs Pratt, 1945. Amer. Midland Nat. 34: 615. ♀. N. syn.

Meringopus vancouverensis (Harrington)
Southwestern B. C, w. Oreg., w. Calif. Host: Malacosovia sp.
Cryptus vancouverensis Harrington, 1894. Canad. Ent. 26: 211. ♀.

Genus COMPSOCRYPTUS Ashmead

Cryptoideus Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 42.

Type-species: Cryptus purpuripennis Cresson. Monotypic and orig. desig. The
type-species was misidentified by Ashmead; the specimen Ashmead misidentified
as purpuripennis is the holotype of Xylophrurus atroruber Townes (=X.
sitkensis [Ashmead]).
Compsocryptus Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 43.

Type-species: Cryptus calipterus Say. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Callicryptus Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 43.

Type-species: Cryptus fasciatus (!) Brulle. Monotypic and orig. desig. Dalla Torre
(1902) regarded the type-species citation as a typographical error for C.
fusco-fasciatus Brulle, while Viereck (1914) regarded it as a lapsus for C.

Compsocryptus fasciipennis
***authority mismatch
Brulle. It seems that Viereck is probably correct, but both
fuscofasciatus and fasciipennis are presently placed in Coiupsocryptus.
Stictocryptus Cameron, 1908. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 34: 243. Preocc. by Cameron, 1907.
Type-species: Cryptus fasciipennis Brulle. Monotypic and orig. desig. Cameron
made the type-species designation as Cryptus "fasciatipennis" Brulle, which is
certainly a lapsus for fasciipoinis.
Sopliocryptus Mallo, 1961. Idia 165: 17. Nomen nudum.

This moderate sized genus is Nearctic and Neotropic.

Taxonomy: Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 556. —Viereck, 1914. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui.
83: 25.

Compsocryptus apicalis Townes
Northwestern B. C. s. to Calif., e. to Idaho, Colo., and N. Me.x.

Compsocryptus apicalis Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 3):291. ♂, ♀.
aridus Townes. Wyo., Colo., Idaho, Utah, Ariz., Nev., Calif.

Couipsocryptus aridus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Nalt. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 3):289. ♂, ♀.

Compsocryptus buccatus (Cresson)
Tex.; Mexico.

Cryptus buccatus Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 159. ♂, ♀.

Compsocryptus calipterus (Say)
Northwestern Okla., Tex., N. Mex., Ariz., Calif.; Mexico. In their tribal

revision, Townes and Townes (1962) treated the majority of specimens from Calif, as
subspecifically distinct, but because the differences seem to be more or less clinal the
subspecies are not recognized here.
Cryptus calipterus Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 234. ♀.
Cryptus fulvus Taschenberg, 1876. Ztschr. f. Gesam. Naturw. 48: 66. ♂.
Ichnemnon viunerosus Cameron, 1885. Biol. Cent.-Amer., Hym., v. 1, p. 159. ♂.
Ca)np.90cryptus{]) brevicor)iis Cameron, 1905. Invertebrata Pacifica 1: 127. ♀.
Cryptus {MansaH political ypterus Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 293. ♂.

Compsocryptus crotchii (Cresson)
Calif.

Cryptus crotchii Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 362. ♂, ♀.

Compsocryptus fasciipennis (Brulle)
Southern Fla.; Cuba.

Cryptus fa.sciipennis Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 191.

Compsocryptus fletcheri (Provancher)
Western Idaho, n. Utah, s. B. C, Oreg., n. Calif. C.fletclieri may not be
distinct from C. fnrbatus (Cresson) (see Townes and Townes [1962]).

Cryptus Fletcheri Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 361. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1962. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 298.




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Compsocryptus pallens Townes
Idaho, Utah, Oreg., Calif.

Compsocryptiin pallens Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 3): 293. cJ, 9.

Compsocryptus purpuripennis (Cresson)
Western Idaho, n. Utah, s. B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif.

Cryptm purpuripemm Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 364. ♀.

Compsocryptus resolutus (Cresson)
Southern Alta. s. to Colo., w. to Wash, and Calif.

Cryptua resoliitus Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 363. ♂.
Cryptus Edivardii Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 363. ♀.
CompHOcryptuH resolutus subfasciatus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl.
Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 303. cJ, 9. Overlapped and intergraded with more than half of the
Calif, population Townes and Townes treated as the nominate subspecies. N. syn.

Compsocryptus texensis Townes
Kans., Okla., Tex.; Mexico.

Cohipsocryptus texensis Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus., Bnl. 216
(pt. 3):283. ♂, ♀.

Compsocryptus tricinctus Townes
Ga.?, Calif. Townes studied a specimen labeled Dewitt, Ga. and Thought
that those data may be erroneous.
Conipsocnjptus tricinctus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 3):295. ♂, ♀.

Compsocryptus turbatus (Cresson)
Western Idaho, n. Utah, Oreg., Calif.

Cryptus turbatus Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 363. ♀.

Compsocryptus unicolor Townes
Central Calif.

Conipsocnjptus unicolor Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 3): 297. ♂, ♀.

Subtribe HEMIGASTRINA

It is may belief that the Old World genera Hemigaster, Litochila, and Mansa are unrelated to
the genera here placed in the Aptesini and are most likely related to some of the eleven genera
placed in the subtribe Baryceratina by Townes (1970) (compare Townes and Townes [1962]).
Townes (1970) said it is almost certain that the genera he has grouped in the Baryceratina are
not all related but are associated for convenience partly on convergent characters resulting from
the habit of attacking cocoons of Limacodidae. Only three of the genera of Hemigastrina occur
in the New World, and only two of these have North American species.

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1962. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 12 (list of genera
placed in Baryceratina). -Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 120-121,
205-215.

Genus BARYCEROS Gravenhorst

Baryceros Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 777.

Type-species: Baryceros guttatiis Gravenhorst. Monotypic.
Christolia Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 246.

Type-species: Christolia punctata Brulle. Monotypic.
Crypturopsis Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 45.

Type-species: Crypturus texanus Ashmead. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Neochristolia Blanchard, 1936. Rev. Argentina de Ent. 1: 40.

Type-species: Neochristolia eucleidis Blanchard. Monotypic and orig. desig.

Most of the species of this large genus are Neotropic.

Baryceros audax (Cresson)
Que. s. to Ala., w. to Wis. and Kans. In the tribal revision of Townes and
Townes (1962) part of the specimens from the northern end of the distribution were
distinguished as a separate subspecies.

Mesostenns audax Cresson, 1878. Canad. Ent. 10: 207. ♀.

Mesostenus exoptus Cresson, 1878. Canad. Ent. 10: 208. ♀.

Mesostenus Saundersi Cresson, 1878. Canad. Ent. 10: 208. ♀. N. syn.

Mesostenus artnatus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 76. 9. N.
syn.

Mesostenus saundersii Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 546. Emend.




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Baryceros candidus (Cresson)
Mass. s. to Fla., w. to Mich, and Kans.

Mesostenun candidufi Cresson, 1878. Canad. Ent. 10: 206. ♂.

Cryptunm albomaculatuH Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 414. ♂.

Crypftiropsis ahdominaliN Cushman, 1929. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 74 (16): 28. ♀. Preocc. in

Baryceros by Cresson, 1873.
Cliristolia diti)ietono» Townes, 1944. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 271. N. name for
Crypfuropsis abdo))ii)ialis Cushman.

Baryceros fortis (Cresson)
Pa., Md., W. Va., n. Ga., s. Mich., Ohio, Ky., e. Kans., e. Okla.
MefiOHtenitsfortis Cresson, 1878. Canad. Ent. 10: 206. ♀.

Baryceros halli Townes
Ariz.

Baryceros halli Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 30. ♂.

Baryceros texanus (Ashmead)
Md. s. to Fla., w. to n. Mich, and e. Tex.; n.w. Mexico. Host: Alarodia
slosnoniae Pack.
Crypturus texanus Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 413. ♂.
Crypturus Dyari Ashmead, 1897. Canad. Ent. 29: 113. ♂, ♀.

Genus WHYMPERIA Cameron

Wliymperia Cameron, 1903. Entomologist 36: 122.

Type-species: Whyniperia cari)iifro)is Cameron. Monotypic.
Profocryptns Schmiedeknecht, 1904. Opusc. Ichn., v. 2, p. 414.

Type-species: Protocryptus grandis Schmiedeknecht. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Zawan.sa Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 647.

Type-species: Cryptus aztecus Cresson. Monotypic and orig. desig.

Eleven species and subspecies are known, ten of them Neotropic.

Whymperia tricolor Townes
Southern Ariz.

Whi/mperia tricolor Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui 216 (pt. 3):
22. ♀.

Subtribe MESOSTENINA

Genus CRYPTANURA Brulle

Cryptanura Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 242.

Type-species: Cryptanura nigripes Brulle. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Mesosteniis subg. Polyaenus Cresson, 1873. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 25: 149.

Type-species: [Mesostenus] Polyaenus ectypus Cresson. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Po/i/oe«/f/£'o Viereck, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 46: 381.

Type-species: Polyaenidea pretiosa Viereck. Monotypic and orig. desig.

Except for the three species known to occur in North America, this very large genus is
Neotropic.

Revision: Cushman, 1945. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 96: 139-176.

Cryptanura banchiformis (Megerle)
Mass. s. to Fla., w. to Mich., Kans., and Tex. In their tribal revision,

Townes and Townes (1962) say that "the sting of this species is moderately severe and

of long duration; one sting received by the senior author [while collecting] was still

painful on the night of the third day."
Ichneumon Banchifonnis Megerle, 1802. App. ad Cat. Ins., Quae Mense Novembris 1802

Vienne Austriae Auctionis Lege Vendita Fuere, p. 16. [male].
Mesostenus spinarius Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 227. ♀.
Mesostenus albopidus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 312. ♂. Preocc. by Smith,

1858.
Mesostenus Delawarensis Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 540. N. name for M.

albopictus Cresson.

Cryptanura compacta (Cresson)
Southern Tex.; Mexico, Honduras.

Mesostenus (Mesostenus) conipactus Cresson, 1873. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 25: 153. ♀.
Cryptanura planiscutellata Cushman, 1945. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 96: 152. ♀.




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Cryptanura septentrionalis Cushman
Southern N. Y. s. to S. C, w. to Mo. and La.

Cryptanura septentrlonalis Cushman, 1945. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 96: 156. ♀.

Genus MESOSTENUS Gravenhorst

Mesostenus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 750.

Type-species: Mesosfehua tranafuga Gravenhorst. Desig. by Westwood, 1840.
Stenameitx Thomson, 1896. Opusc. Ent. 21: 2380.

Type-species: Mesosfe)ii(s tm)isfiiga Gravenhorst, Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Unlinia Cameron, 1902. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 9: 208.

Type-species: Unlijiia penelmlis Cameron. Monotypic.
Derocentnin Cushman, 1919. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 21: 113.

Type-species: Coleocentrus texanits Ashmead. Orig. desig.

This genus is of moderate size and nearly worldwide distribution.

Revision: Cushman, 1929. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 74 (16): 40-50. -Porter, 1973. Acta Zool.
Lilloana [Tucuman] 30: 227-267 (South American spp.).

Taxonomy: Porter, 1974. Acta. Zool. Lilloana [Tucuman] 31: 27-46 (additions to 1973
revision).
albinotatus promptus Cresson. N. B. w. to B. C, s. to w. N. C, S. Dak., Colo., and n. Calif. M.

albinotatiis albi}iotatiis Gravenhorst is European.
Mesostenus prompt ns Cresson, 1878. Canad. Ent. 10: 209. ♂.

Mesostenus americanus Cresson
Que. s. to Va., w. to S. Dak. Barron (1975) resurrected the name

brevipennis from synonymy with albinotatus promptus and placed temporalis as a

synonym of brevipennis; he failed to note that Townes (1970) had placed temporalis as a

synonym of aniericanus.
Mesostenus tarsatus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 265. ♂. Preocc. by Cresson, 1865.

The syntypes were not found by Barron (1975).
Mesostenus a)nericanus Cresson, 1878. Canad. Ent. 10: 209. ♀.
Exetastes brevipennis Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13: 363. Nomen nudum.
Exetastes brevipennis Provancher, 1883. Petite Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 386. S, 9. N.

syn.
Mesostenus temporalis Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 216

(pt. 3):441. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 12: 224 (syn.). —Barron, 1975. Nat.
Canad. 102: 436-437, 572-573.

Mesostenus angustus Townes
R. L s. to N. C, w. to e. Kans.

Mesostenus leucopus Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 406. ♂. Preocc. by

Brulle, 1846.
Mesostenus angustus Townes, 1944. Amer. Ent. See, Mem. 11: 284. N. name for leucopus

Ashmead.

Mesostenus clitellatus Townes
N. S., w. to s. B. C, s. to Va. and n.e. Tex. Host: Saucrobotys fiitilalis

(Led.).
Mesostenus clitellatus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt.

3): 447. ♂, ♀.

Morphology: Short, 1959. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 110: 440, fig. 22B (final-instar larva).

Mesostenus eisenii Ashmead
Md. s. to Ga., w. to Ohio and Tex.; Mexico.

Mesostenus eisenii Ashmead, 1894. Calif. Acad. Sci., Proc. (2) 4: 129. ♀.

Mesostenus gracilis Cresson
N. S. s. to Ga., w. to s. B. C. and Calif.; Bermuda, Mexico. Host: Anagasta
kuehniella (Zell.), Cadra figulilella (Greg.), Ephestia elutella (Hbn.), Euzophera
semifu)ieralis (Wlk.), Homoeosoma electelluni (Hulst), Laetilia coccidivora (Comst.),
Oza)nia fuscomaculella clarefocta Dynr, Laspetjresia caryana (Fitch).
Mesostenus gracilis Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 315. ♂.
Neviatopodius orbifalis Ashmead, 1890. Colo. Biol. Assoc, Bui. 1: 21. ♀.

Biology: Bare, 1942. Jour. Econ. Ent. 35: 186-187.




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Mesostenus liogaster Townes
Western N. W. T., Sask., Wyo., Idaho, B. C, Oreg., Calif.; Mexico.

Mesostenns liogoster Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt.
3): 440. ♂, ♀.

Mesostenus longicaudis Cresson
N. Y., Minn., Nebr., and n. Calif., s. to S. C, Tex., and s. Calif.; Mexico.
Host: Loxostege aticticalix (L.).
MesostoiUK longicaudis Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 164. ♀.
Mexosteniis niacilmttus Cresson, 1878. Canad. Ent. 10: 210. ♂.
Mesoxteiius gracilipes Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 365. ♀.
Coleocentrus texanus Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 444. ♀.
Mesoxte)tH>f )H(icrHrux Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 544. Unnecessary n. name for

M. longicaudis Cresson, which is not preocc. by M. longicauda Brulle, 1846.
Nonatopodius exclavtans Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 318. ♀.

Mesostenus melanurus Cushman
Alta. Known only from the holotype.

Mesoxteniis welanunis Cushman, 1929. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 74 (16): 47. ♀.

Mesostenus sicarius Townes
N. C, Tex., s. Alta., Mont., Colo., Ariz., Calif.; Mexico. Ecology: Distribution
seems to correlate with that of cacti of the genus Opuntia; one specimen emerged from
a cocoon found in a cactus stem.
Menostenus sicarius Townes, 1962. //( Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt.
3): 448. ♂, ♀.

Mesostenus thoracicus Cresson
Que. w. to B. C, s. to Fla., Tex., and s. Calif. Host: Acrobasis betulella

Hulst, A. caryivorella Rag., Macrobofys theseusalis (Wlk.), Phlyctaenia extricalis (Gn.).
Mesostenns thoracicus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 314. ♂, ♀.
Mesostenus erythrogaster Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 406. ♂.

Genus POLYCYRTUS Spinola

Polycyrtus Spinola, 1840. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. 9: 154.

Type-species: Polycyrtus histrio Spinola. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Cryptanuridiniorpha Viereck, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 46: 369.

Type-species: Cryptanuridiniorpha elegans Viereck. Monotypic and orig. desig. C.
elegans is a synonym of Polycyrtus vierecki Townes, 1966.
Cryptopteryginiorpha Viereck, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 46: 371.

Type-species: Cryptopteryginiorpha tubulifera Viereck. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Polycyrtiniorpha Viereck, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus.," Proc. 46: 383.

Type-species: Polycyrtiniorpha anioenus Viereck. Monotypic and orig. desig.

Polycyrtus is a very large genus of the New World. Only one species is known from the
Nearctic Region, but in view of the number of species known from Mexico and Cuba, it seems
likely that additional species will be found in the southern U. S.

Revision: Cushman, 1931. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 78 (14): 1-62.

Polycyrtus neglectus Cushman
Mass. s. to Fla., w. to Wis. and e. Tex. Ecology: Occurs in moist forests.
Polycyrtus neglectus Cushman, 1926. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 67 (23): 5. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Cushman, 1929. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 74 (16): 2, 4, 5, 51.

Subtribe GORYPHINA

This subtribe includes 33 genera, 29 of which are restricted to the Old World. Only three of
the genera occurring in the New World have Nearctic species.

Genus DIAPETIMORPHA Viereck

Diapetiniorpha Viereck, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 44: 564.

Type-species: Cryptus arinatus Ashmead. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is a large Nearctic and Neotropic genus.

Revision: Cushman, 1929. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 74 (16): 29-37 (Nearctic spp.).

Diapetimorpha acadia Cushman
Md. s. to Fla., w. to Mo. and Tex.; Mexico.

Diapetiniorpha acadia Cushman, 1929. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 74 (16): 35. ♂, ♀.




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Diapetimorpha alabama Cushman
Southern N. Y. s. to S. C, w. to e. Kans. and Ala.

Diapethuorpha alabama Cushman, 1929. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 74 (16): 34. ♂, ♀.

Diapetimorpha brunnea Townes
Southern Ga., Fla.

Diapetimorpha brunnea Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 3): 382. (J, 9.

Diapetimorpha introita (Cresson)
N. C. s. to Fla., w. to Tex.; Mexico.

MeftoHtenits i)ifwitHs Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 162. ♂.

Mesostenus dejectiis Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 163. ♀.

Cryptus arniatuH Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 411. ♂. Preocc. by

Lucas, 1846.
Cryptiis anlinieadii Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 562. N. name for C. arniatus
Ashmead.
macula confederata Cushman. Northern Va. s. to mid Fla., w. to e. Tex. Host: Pilocrosis
tripunctata (F.). D. macula macula (Cameron) is Mexican.
Diapetimorpha confederata Cushman, 1929. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 74 (16): 34. ♀.
macula ustulata Townes. Southern Fla. One would expect m. ustulata to be found in Cuba,
particularly if the taxon really deserves being distinguished from m. confederata.
Diapetimorpha macula ustulata Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus.
Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 386. cJ, 9.

Diapetimorpha picta Townes
Southeastern Ga., s. Fla.

Diapetimorpha picta Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt.
3): 387. ♂, ♀.

Diapetimorpha rufigaster Cushman
Md. s. to Fla., w. to s.e. Wis. and Tenn.

Diapetimorpha rufigaster Cushman, 1929. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 74 (16): 33. ♀.

Diapetimorpha rugosa Townes
N. J. s. to S. C, w. to s.w. Wis., e. Kans., and Tex.

Diapetimorpha rugosa Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 3): 392. (J, 9.

Genus LISTROGNATHUS Tschek

Townes (1970) recognized five subgenera, two of which have Nearctic species. In their tribal
revision, Townes and Townes (1962) erroneously treated the name Listrognathus as being of
feminine gender. If one chooses to ignore the provision in the Code (art. 30, [a], [i], [3]) regarding
the genders of Greek generic names latinized with a change in termination, it is inconsistent to
also ignore the scholarly work of Hopper (1959). Hopper regarded Listrognathus as masculine,
which is apparently explained by his statement that "a large proportion of the compounds of
Greek nouns are adjectives by Greek grammar and may be either masculine or feminine .... and
in such cases the gender must be considered to be determined by the first species included
whose name is of definite gender" (in this case L. comidus Tschek).

Revision: Cushman, 1929. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 74 (16): 15-22.

Taxonomy: Hopper, 1959. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 61 (4): 158, 166 (nomenclature). —Townes,
1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 12: 259-262.

Genus LISTROGNATHUS Subgenus FENESTULA Townes

Listrognathus subg. Fenestula Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216 (pt. 3): 408.

Type-species: Mesostenus paliidatus Cresson. Orig. desig.

Townes (1970) said that there are three species, one Nearctic, one Japanese, and one Korean
(undescribed).

Listrognathus paludatus
***authority mismatch
californicus Townes. Calif. Host: Lepidopteran on Salix.

Listrognathus {Foiestnla) paludata californica Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U.
S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 410. ♂, ♀.

Listrognathus paludatus
***authority mismatch
ocularis Townes. Ariz. Described from one specimen from the Chiricahua Mts.
Listrognathus (Fenestula) paludata ocularis Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S.
Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 411. ♀.




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Listrognathus paludatus
***authority mismatch
paludatus (Cresson). Mich., w. Ohio, 111., Minn., Man., Te.x., Wyo., Colo., N. Mex.,
Yukon, Alaska, B. C, Oreg. Host: C crura cinerea Wlk.
MesoHteniis paludatus Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 162. ♂.
Listrognaihufi agnatu.n Cushman, 1929. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 74 (16): 21. ♀.

Genus LISTROGNATHUS Subgenus LISTROGNATHUS Tschek

Listrognathus Tschek, 1870. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verh. 20: 153.

Type-species: Li>ffrog)iatlius cornutus Tschek. Monotypic. L. coruutus is regarded
as a synonym of L. pubescens (Fonscolombe).
Menostenoideus Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 45.

Type-species: Mesontenun alboyuaculatus Cresson. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is apparently the largest subgenus; it is Neotropic (species unidentified or undescribed),
Holarctic, and Oriental. I have seen one undescribed species from southern Calif.

Listrognathus achelomus Townes
Md., Fla.

LintrognathuK {Listroguathun) acheloum Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl.
Mus. Bui 216 (pt. 3): 425. ♀.

Listrognathus albomaculatus
***authority mismatch
albomaculatus (Cresson). R. I., s. Ont., Mich., and Kans. s. to Fla. and Tex.
Host: Grt-tcheua holliaua (Sling.).
Mesoxtenun albotiiaculatus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 313. ♀.
Mesoxtenus leucocoxux Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 407. ♂.

Listrognathus albomaculatus
***authority mismatch
sagax (Provancher). Southern Que., Ont., and Alta. s. to W. Va. and Wis.

Mesosteiius sagax Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11 (no. 126): 112. ♀.

Listrognathus bicolor Townes
Ariz. Known only from the holotype, which was collected in Oak Creek
Canyon.
Listrog)iatlius (Lisfrogimtlius) bicolor Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl.
Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 414. ♀.

Listrognathus femoratus Townes
P. E. I., Que., Ont., Va., W. Va., Mich.

Listroguathus (Li.strog)iathus) feniorata Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl.
Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 415. ♂, ♀.

Listrognathus glomeratus Townes
N. J. s. to Fla., w. to Pa., W. Va., and Tex.

Li.'itrognailius (Lititrognathun) glonierata Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S.
Natl. Mus. Bui. 216'(pt. 3): 424. ♂, ♀.

Listrognathus multimaculatus Cushman
Maine s. to N. J., w. to Minn, and Mo. Host: Tortricid on Glcditsia.
Li.'itrognatlius albonaculatu.s var. nniltiniaculatu.'^ Cushman, 1929. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc.
74 (16): 18. ♀.

Listrognathus nigrescens Townes
Wyo., N. Mex., Alta., Utah.

Listroguathus (Listroguathus) nigrescens Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S.
Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 416. ♂, ♀.

Listrognathus nubilipennis (Cresson)
N. C, Ga. Ecology: According to Porter (1963) this species occurs in
cypress swamps. L. nubilipennis was known to Townes and Townes (1962) only from
the female holotype; Porter (1963) discussed two males and two females collected on the
North Carolina coastal plain.
MesosteuHs nubilipennis Cresson, 1878. Canad. Ent. 10: 205. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1962. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 416. —Porter, 1963.
Ent. News 74: 19-21.

Listrognathus rufitibialis Cushman
N. J., Md., S. C, Ind., Okla., Tex.

Listroguathus albomaculatus var. rufitibialis Cushman, 1929. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 74
(16): 18. ♂, ♀.

Listrognathus rufus Townes
N. Y., Kans.

Listroguathus (Listroguathus) rufa Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus.
Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 419. ♂.

Listrognathus victoriensis (Harrington)
Southern B. C, n. Calif.

Cry plus I'ictoriensis Harrington, 1894. Canad. Ent. 26: 211. ♀.

Listroguathus multicolor Cushman, 1929. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 74 (16): 20. ♀.




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Genus HYLOPHASMA Townes

Hyloplmsma Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 275.

Type-species: Heniiaphragia debilis Townes. Monotypic and orig. desig.

According to Townes (1970) this genus is Neotropic, Nearctic, and eastern Palearctic and in-
cluded seven undescribed species.

Hylophasma debile (Townes)
Md., Va., Ohio, Tenn., La., Kans.

Hewisphragia debilin Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt.
3): 378.

Subtribe LYMEONINA
Genus MALLOCHIA Viereck

Mallochm Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 591.

Type-species: Mallochia agenioides Viereck. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This New World genus is of moderate size; there are fewer Nearctic species than Neotropic
ones (most of which are undescribed).

Revision: Cushman, 1929. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 74 (16): 13-15.

Mallochia agenioides Viereck
R. I. s. to Fla., w. to Mich., e. Kans., and Ala.; Mexico.
Mallochia agenioklen Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 591. ♀.

Mallochia frontalis Townes
N. J., Md., Va., N. C, e. Kans., Tex.

Mallochia frontalis Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 96. ♂, ♀.

Mallochia laevis Townes
Southeastern Ga., n.e. Fla.

Mallochia laecis Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 97. ♂, ♀.

Mallochia strigosa (Cresson)
Tex., Ariz.? In their tribal revision, Townes and Townes (1962) were
uncertain that the female from Ariz, which they identified as strigosa was really
conspecific with the male holotype from Texas.
Mesoleptiisf strigosns Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 167. ♂.

Genus LYMEON Foerster

Lymeon Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 176.

Type-species: Lymeon annnlicornis Ashmead. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Ashmead, 1894.
Neoniesostenus Schmiedeknecht, 1904. Opusc. Ichn., v. 2, p. 562.

Type-species: Neoniesostenus tuheitensis Brues and Richardson. Desig. by Townes
and Townes, 1966 from three species included by Brues and Richardson, 1913.
Christoliniorpha Viereck, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 44: 564.

Type-species: Christoliniorpha plesius Viereck. Monotypic and orig. desig. The
type-species is regarded as a synonym of L.fiiscipennis (Brulle).
Zaviastrus Viereck, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 46: 385.

Type-species: Zaniastrus photopsis Viereck. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Neogoryphits Roman, 1936. Ent. Tidskr. 57: 3.

Type-species: Ichneumon ariolator Linnaeus. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Nasntocryptus Pratt, 1945. Amer. Midland Nat. 34: 560.

Type-species: Nasntocryptus )iasntns Pratt. Monotypic and orig. desig.

Except for four Nearctic species, this very large genus is Neotropic. The females oviposit into
cocoons of various sorts, including the egg cocoons of spiders.

Lymeon bicinctus (Cresson)
Southern Fla.; Cuba.

Hemiteles bicinctus Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 24. ♀.

Lymeon leiponeuron Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt.
3): 397. cJ, 9.

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1966. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: 89 (syn.).




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cinctiventrjs (Cushman). Md. s. to Fla., w. to Tex.

Mesostenu.
laticinctiis Walker, 1874.
Mesosteniis Cressonii Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 539. N. name for M. laticinctus

Cresson; preocc. by Ashmead, 1900.
Diapetimorpha cindiventriH Cushman, 1929. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 74 (16): 32. N. name

for M. cressonii Dalla Torre.

Lymeon nasutus (Pratt)
N. Me.x.

NasHtocryptus nasHtHn Pratt, 1945. Amer. Midland Nat. 34: 561. ♀.

Lymeon orbus (Say)
Southern N. Y. s. to Fla., w. to s. Wis., Kans., and Tex. Host: Coleophora sp.,
Ho)>iale(lra sabcilella (Chamb.), Phereoeca wahinghami (Bsk.), Grapliolitha molesta
(Bsk.), Astala confederata (G. and R.), Lineodea vulnifica Dyar, eggs oi Zelotes sp.,
Hi/posoter fngifivus (Say).
Cri/ptus orbus Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 231. [female].
Meso.stenus diligeus Cresson, 1878. Canad. Ent. 10: 207. ♀.
Lyiiieon annulicornix Ashmead, 1894. U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 7: 243. ♀.

Genus ACERASTES Cushman

Acemstes Cushman, 1929. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 74 (16): 53.

Type-species: Meaosfenun perti)iax Cresson. Monotypic and orig. desig.

Except for the widely distributed type-species which ranges into the Nearctic Region, this
moderately large genus is Neotropic.

Acerastes pertinax (Cresson)
Md. s. to Fla., w. to Tex.; Mexico, West Indies, Honduras, Panama,

Venezuela, Brazil, Paraguay. Townes and Townes (1962) said that pertinax "appears to
overwinter in southern Florida and near Brownsville, Tex., and to work northward each
season."

MetiONfenus pertinax Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 163. ♀.

Phytodietns ornatus Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 431. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1966. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: 98 (syn.).
Biology: Townes and Townes, 1962. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 405.

Genus POLYCYRTIDEA Viereck

Polycyrtidea Viereck, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 46: 382.

Type-species: Polycyrtidea gracilis Viereck. Monotypic and orig. desig.

Except for one species that ranges into the southern tip of Texas and one that occurs in Fla.,
this small genus is restricted to America south of the U. S.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 12: 288.

Polycyrtidea floridana Porter
Northern Fla. Known only from the holotype.

Polycyrtidea floridana Porter, 1975. Fla. Ent. 58: 250. ♀.

Polycyrtidea limitis Cushman
Southern Tex.; Mexico, Costa Rica. In their tribal revision, Townes and
Townes (1962) said that Umitis may prove to be only subspecifically distinct from P.
flaropicta (Ashmead) which is known from Grenada and South America.
Polycyrtidea linntis Cushman, 1929. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 74: (16): 52. ♀.

Taxonomy: Porter, 1975. Fla. Ent. 58: 248-250.

Genus PACHYSOMOIDES Strand

Pachysowa Szepligeti, 1916. Mus. Natl. Hungarici, Ann. 14: 290. Preocc. by Macleay, 1821
and five additional authors.

Type-species: Pachysouia albopictuw Szepligeti. Monotypic.
Pachysowoides Strand, 1917. Internatl. Ent. Ztschr. 10: 137. N. name for Pachysoma

Szepligeti.
Polistiphaga Cushman, 1925. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 15: 391.

Type-species: Mesosfenus arvalis Cresson. Monotypic and orig. desig.




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The species of this small New World genus are parasites of Polist eft larvae.

Revision: Cushman, 1929. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 74 (16): 55-57.

Pachysomoides fulvus (Cresson)
N. Y. s. to Fla., w. to s. B. C. and Calif.; Cuba, Mexico. Host: Polistes
auniilaris (L.), P. apachiis Sauss., P. Carolina (L.), P. cubensis Lep., P.fuscatiis
fuficatus (F.).
Mesostenua^ fulvun Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 316. ♂.
Mesosfenns arvalin Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 163. ♀.
[Meaostenux] Menostenuti collarit^ Cresson, 1873. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 25: 162. ♂.

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1966. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: 96 (syn.).

Biology: Dow, 1932. Psyche 39: 16. —Gaul, 1940. Canad. Ent. 70: 240-242. — Rau, 1941. Ent.
Soc. Amer., Ann. 34: 364.

Pachysomoides stupidus (Cresson)
N. C. s. to Fla., w. to s. 111. and Tex.; West Indies and Mexico s. to South
America; Hawaii. Host: Polintes annularis (L.), P. canadensis (L.), P. exclanians Vier.,
P. fuscatits fuscatus (F.).
[Mesostenus] Mesostenus stupidus Cresson, 1873. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 25: 162. ♂.
Pachysonia alhopictuni Szepligeti, 1916. Mus. Nat. Hungarici, Ann. 14: 290. ♀.
Polistiphaga zonata Cushman, 1929. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 74 (16): 56. ♀.

Subtribe CERATOCRYPTINA
Of the 18 genera, 16 are confined to the Old World tropics.

Chaviula Townes, 1962. hi Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 430.

Type-species: [Mesostenus] Polycrytus reliquus Cresson. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This genus includes the type-species and an undescribed species from Venezuela.

reliqua (Cresson). Southwestern La.; Mexico. The female is unknown.

[Mesostenus] Polycrytus reliquus Cresson, 1873. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 25: 146. ♂.

Subtribe OSPRYNCHOTINA

Most of the nine genera are tropical, and the hosts are larvae of wasps which make nests en-
tirely or partly of mud.

Genus MESSATOPORUS Cushman

Messatopoms Cushman, 1929. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 74 (16): 8.
Type-species: Mesostenus discoidalis Cresson. Orig. desig.

This is a rather large genus of the New World; most of the species are Neotropic.

Revision: Cushman, 1929. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 74 (16): 8-13.

Messatoporus compressicornis Cushman
Conn. s. to Fla., w. to Ohio and Ala. Host: Ancistrocenis

tuberculocephalus sufterianus (Sauss.), Trypargilum collinum ntbrocinctuni (Pack.). In
their tribal revision, Townes and Townes (1962) said that co7)i press icoryiis may prove to
be a subspecies of M. arcuatus (Cresson) which is known from Mexico.
Messatopoms co)»pressicornis Cushman, 1929. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 74 (16): 12. Messatopoms major Cushman, 1929. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 74 (16): 13. ♀.

Messatoporus discoidalis (Cresson)
Que. s. to S. C, w. to Minn, and Tex. Host: Auplopus nielli pes niellipes
(Say), Plianagenia boitibycina (Cr.).
Mesostenus fermm-equinum Walsh and Riley, 1869. Amer. Ent. 1: 133. Sex not indicated.

Preocc. by Brulle, 1846.
Mesostenus discoidalis Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 162. ♀.
Mesostenus jocosus Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 300. ♀.

Messatoporus rufiventris Cushman
Que. w. to s. B. C, s. to Fla., s. Tex., Ariz., and n. Calif. Host: Auplopus
sp., Plianagenia bonibycina (Cr.)?, Trypoxylon sp.
Messatopoms rufiventris Cushman, 1929. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 74 (16): 11. ♀.




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Genus ACRORICNUS Ratzeburg

Acroricnus Ratzeburg, 1852. Ichn. d. Forstinsecten, v. 3, p. 92.

Type-species: Acroricnus scliauviii Ratzeburg. Monotypic.
Xenodocon Foerster, 1855. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 12: 237.

Type-species: Xenodocon ruficoniis Foerster. Monotypic. The type-species is
regarded as a synonym of A. nediicfor (Scopoli).
Macrobatiis Holmgren, 1856 (1854). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. 75: 50.

Type-species: Cryptua macrobatu>i Gravenhorst. Monotypic.
Linoceras Taschenberg, 1865. Ztschr. f. die Gesam. Naturw. Halle 25: 105.

Type-species: Cryptiis viacrobatun Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Leptobatides Buysson, 1896. In Andre, Spec. Hym. Eur. Alg., v. 6, p. 678, pi. ♂.

Type-species: Leptobatides abeillei Buysson. Monotypic.
Agatliobanclius Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 97.

Type-species: Banchns aequatus Say. Monotypic and orig. desig. The type-species
was misidentified by Ashmead, who based his description of Agathohanchits upon
specimens of Agathilla bradleyi (Viereck) (see Cushman and Gahan, 1921).

This small genus is widely distributed in the northern hemisphere. The hosts are larvae of Eu-
menidae and Sphecidae.

Revision: Mitchell, 1950. Ent. Soe. Amer., Ann. 43: 249-261.
Taxonomy: Cushman and Gahan, 1921. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 23: 158-159.

Acroricnus stylator
***authority mismatch
aequatus (Say). N. S. s. to S. C, w. to Man. and Mo. Host: Ancistrocenis

bireniniaciilatus (Sauss.), A. adiabatns (Sauss.), Eumenen fraternus Say, Sceliphwn
cae)nentanu)ti (Drury). The gradual south-to-north reduction in the amount of yellow
pigmentation led Townes (1944) to divide this subspecies into two. The name aequatus
was applied to the northern population, presumably to agree with Say's color
description. Mitchell (1950) and Townes and Townes (1962) applied the name aequatus in
the same manner. The inconsistencies in Say's color description of aequatus indicate
that it would not be accurate enough to show that it applies to a specimen collected
north of the type-locality (which was indicated as "Indiana," but which presumably
would have been southwestern Indiana). Therefore, those wishing to recognize an
arbitrary division of A. s. aequatus into two subspecies should apply the name aequatus
to the southern population.

Banchus aequatus Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 247. [male].

Cryptus junceus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 295. ♀. N. syn.

Atractodes Cloutieri Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 150. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Cushman and Gahan, 1921. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 23: 158. —Townes, 1944. Amer.
Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 296-297. —Mitchell, 1950. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 43: 258-259. —Townes
and Townes, 1962. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 3): 474.

Biology: Walsh and Riley, 1869. Amer. Ent. 1: 137.

Acroricnus stylator
***authority mismatch
edwardsii (Cresson). Western Oreg., Calif. Host: Sceliphron caementariuin (Drury).

Linoceras Edwardsii Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 365. ♂.

Acroricnus stylator
***authority mismatch
excelsus (Cresson). Western S. Dak., Colo. The range of this form is almost entirely
overlapped by the southern end of the range of s. niger, which casts doubt upon'the
validity of the distinction between them.
Cryptus excelsus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 293. ♂, ♀.
Acroric7ius stylator axilaris Mitchell, 1950. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 43: 259. 9. Synonymy
based upon data in the tribal revision of Townes and Townes (1962). N. syn.

Acroricnus stylator
***authority mismatch
niger Mitchell. Alta. s. to Colo. w. to B. C, e. Wash., e. Oreg., and Utah.

Acroricnus stylator niger Mitchell, 1950. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 43: 253. ♂, ♀.

Acroricnus stylator
***authority mismatch
stylator (Thunberg). Western N. W. T., n. B. C; Eurasia.

Ichneumon stylator Thunberg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem. 8: 265

(key); 9: 320. [male].
Cryptus niacrobatus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 440. ♂, ♀.
Acroricnus Schauniii Ratzeburg, 1852. Ichn. d. Forstinsecten, v. 3, p. 92. ♂.
Xenodocon ruficornis Foerster, 1855. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 12: 237. ♀.




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Macrobatufi clavator Holmgren, 1856 (1854). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. 75: 50.
Unnecessary n. name for Cryptux ))iacrobatHs Gravenhorst.

Acroricnus stylator
***authority mismatch
townesi Mitchell. N. Mex., Ariz.

AcroricuHH Htylator townesi Mitchell, 1950. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 43: 256. ♂, ♀.

Subtribe GABUNIINA

The members of this subtribe are all thought to be parasitic upon wood-boring Coleoptera and
Lepidoptera. Only two of the 23 genera have Nearctic species.

Genus AGONOCRYPTUS Cushman

Agonocryptu.s Cushman, 1929. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 74 (16): 6.

Type-species: MesoNteniiH diNCoidaloide.s Viereck. Orig. desig.

This moderately large New World genus is Neotropic except for the one species which occurs
in eastern North America.

Agonocryptus discoidaloides (Viereck)
Southern N. H. s. to Fla., w. to s. Wis., e. Kans., and Tex. Host:
Podosesia sip-ingae (Harris), Enpogoniun vestitus (Say), Psyrassa unicolor (Rand).
Meaoxtenus discoidaloides Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 319. ♀.

Genus CRYPTOHELCOSTIZUS Cushman

CrypfohelcostizHs Cushman, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 534.

Type-species: Cryptohelcostizus nifigaster Cushman. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is a small Nearctic genus.

Revision: Cushman, 1940. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 88: 357-359.

Cryptohelcostizus alamedensis (Ashmead)
Western Tex., Utah, s. B. C, Oreg., Calif. Host: Agrilits angeliciis
Horn, Clirysohothris ttiali Horn, Mynnex arizonicus (Schaef.).
Cry phis alamedensis Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 409. ♀.
Cryptohelcostizus rufigaster Cushman, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 534. ♂, ♀.

Cryptohelcostizus caudatus Townes
Calif.

Cryptohelcostizus caudatus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216 (pt. 3): 511. ♀.

Cryptohelcostizus chrysobothridis Cushman
Okla. Host: Chrysobothris sp. in Mains pnmila.

Cryptohelcostizus chrysobothridis Cushman, 1940. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 88: 358. ♀.

Cryptohelcostizus dichrous Viereck
N. J., Va., N. C, Ga., Mo., Tex.

Cryptohelcostizus dichrous Viereck, 1921. Psyche 28: 73. ♂, ♀.

Cryptohelcostizus fumipennis Townes
Ariz.

Cryptohelcostizus fu})iipennis Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216 (pt. 3): 507. ♀.

Cryptohelcostizus genalis Townes
Calif.

Cryptohelcostizus goialis Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
(pt. 3):507. ♀.

Cryptohelcostizus leiomerus Townes
Calif.

Cryptohelcostizus leiomerus Townes, 1962. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216 (pt. 3): 506. ♀.

Cryptohelcostizus maculosus Townes
Calif. Ecology: The holotype emerged from Prosopis.

Cryptohelcostizus maculosus Townes, 1962. /)( Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216 (pt. 3): 512. ♀.

Cryptohelcostizus nigricans Townes
Ariz.

Cn/ptohelcosfizus nigricans Townes, 1962. //( Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216 (pt. 3): 508. ♂, ♀.

Cryptohelcostizus ornatus Cushman
Southern Ariz., Calif. Host: Chrysobothris deserta Horn. The type locality is
Death Valley.
Cryptohelcostizus ornatus Cushman, 1940. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 88: 359. ♀.




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Subtribe SPHECOPHAGINA

This subtribe includes the Holarctic genus Sphecophaga and two other genera which are
restricted to the Old World. The hosts are pupae of Vespinae or Polistinae.

Genus SPHECOPHAGA Westwood

Sphecophaga Westwood, 1840. Introduct. Mod. Classif. Ins., v. 2, Synopsis Genera Brit.
Ins., p. 57.

Type-species: A)io)naloh cespanoii Curtis. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Chrijono))iOH Desvignes, 1856. Cat. Brit. Ichn., p. 47.

Type-species: Anoitialoii respanitu Curtis. Monotypic.
Cacotro'pa Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 208.

Type-species: Cacotropa sericea Thomson. By subsequent monotypy from inclusion
by Thomson, 1888. The type-species is regarded as a synonym of S. vespariDn
I'espariDii (Curtis).

There is a single species.

vesparum burra (Cresson). N. H. w. to B. C, s. to S. C, Ariz., and Calif. Host: Vespula

aroiaria (F.), V. )iiaci(lata (L.), V. )iiaculifro)ts (Buyss.). S. vesparum vesparuin occurs
in Europe. Both diapausing and nondiapausing larvae may develop on the same host
pupa presumably from eggs deposited by a single v. burra female. Only females develop
from nondiapausing larvae, and they usually differ somewhat in coloration from females
which develop from diapausing larvae. Nondiapausing larvae spin a delicate, white
cocoon, while diapausing larvae spin a tough, brown one.

Eucero.s burriis Cresson, 1869. Canad. Ent. 1: 104. ♀.

Sphecophagml'V praedator Zabriskie, 1894. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 2: 84. ♂, ♀.

Biology: Couper, 1870. Canad. Ent. 2: 52-53. -Zabriskie, 1894. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 2: 81, 86.
— Cushman, 1933. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 35: 10-11. — Schmieder, 1939. Ent. News 50:
92-97, 125-131. -Leech, 1954. Pan-Pacific Ent. 30: 80.

Unplaced taxa of CRYPTINI

Cryptm niiindiis Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6 (6): 177 (key); 6 (7): 203. "S"= 6, 9. Que.
Barron (1975) said that the lectotype (no. 245 in second collection of Provancher) keyed
to Cryptus ruralis Pratt, a species not known from Quebec. Townes' (1944) placement of
niiDidiis as a synonym of C. persiviilis Cresson was based upon specimen no. 189 in
Provancher's first collection (personal commun.. Dr. H. K. Townes, 1975).

Taxonomy: Townes, 1944. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 280. —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102:
511-512.

Subfamily ACAENITINAE

Revision: Cushman and Rohwer, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 57: 503-523. —Townes and
Townes, 1960. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 544-579.

Ta.xonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 159-179 (genera of world).

Tribe COLEOCENTRINI

This Holarctic and Oriental tribe includes six genera, only two of which have North American
species.

Genus COLEOCENTRUS Gravenhorst

ColeocentniK Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 437.

Type-species: IclDienniou excitator Poda. Desig. by Westwood, 1840.
Macrocoleus Desvignes, 1850. Ent. Soc. London, Trans, (n. s.) 1: 13.

Type-species: Macnifi longiventris Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1914. The
type-species is regarded as a synonym of C. excitator (Poda).

This is a moderately large Holarctic and Oriental genus.




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Coleocentrus flavipes (Provancher)
N. S. s. to w. N. C. and e. Tenn., w. to n. and w. Ont. Host: Leptura sp.?
Acoenitea flavipen Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 80. ♀.
Acoenites Canadensis Provancher, 1880. Nat. Canad. 12: 10. ♂.
Coleocentms minor Cushman, 1920. In Cushman and Rohwer, U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 57:

507. ♀.

Coleocenfnis niger Cushman, 1920. In Cushman and Rohwer, U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 57:

508. ♀.

Coleocentrus harringtoni Cushman
N. B., Que., N. H., Mass., N. Y., Pa., Ont., n.w. Mich., Minn.

Coleocentms canadensis Harrington, 1892. Canad. Ent. 25: 29. ♀. Preocc. in Coleocentnis

by Provancher, 1880.
Coleocentms harringtoni Cushman, 1920. In Cushman and Rohwer, U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc.
57: 509. N. name for C. canadensis Harrington,

Coleocentrus manni Cushman
Colo., B. C, Wash., Oreg.

Coleocentms nianni Cushman, 1920. Iti Cushman and Rohwer, U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 57:

512. ♂, ♀.
Coleocentms )nan7ii coloradensis Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus.
Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 556. S. N. syn.; described from only two specimens.

Coleocentrus occidentalis
***authority mismatch
occidentalis Cresson. Northwestern Mont., n. Idaho, s. B. C, Wash., Oreg.

Coleocentms occidentalis Cresson, 1879 (1978). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 376. ♀.

Coleocentrus occidentalis
***authority mismatch
pulchripennis Cushman. Northeastern Calif.

Coleocentms pnlchripennis Cushman, 1920. hi Cushman and Rohwer, U. S. Natl. Mus.,
Proc. 57:512. ♀.

Coleocentrus pettiti Cresson
N. S. s. to w. N. C, w. to Minn, and Colo.
Coleocentms Pettiti Cresson, 1868. Canad. Ent. 1: 35. ♀.
Coleocentms Pettitiiil) Provancher, 1880. Nat. Canad. 12: 8.
Xoioscliesis alpinensis Davis, 1894. In Slosson, Ent. News 5: 4. Nomen nudum.
Coleocentms Pettitii Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat Hym.. v. 3, p. 530. Emend.

Coleocentrus quebecensis Provancher
N. S., N. B., Que., Maine, Ont., Mich., Minn., s.w. Mont.

Coleocoitms Quebecensis Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 79. ♀.

Coleocentrus rufocoxatus Pratt
P. E. I., N. B., Que., N. H., Vt., N. Y., Pa., Ont., w. N. W. T.
Coleocentms rufocoxatus Pratt, 1936. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 31: 11. ♀.

Coleocentrus rufus Provancher
N. S. w. to e. N. Dak., s. to e. N. C, n.w. S. C, n. Ga., and central Iowa.
Coleocentms rufus Provancher, 1876. Nat. Canad. 8: 316. ♀.

Coleocentms siinilis Cushman, 1920. In Cushman and Rohwer, U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 57:
514. ♂, ♀.

Genus MESOCLISTUS Foerster

Mesoclistus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 168.

Type-species: Acaenites rufipes Gravenhorst. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Schmiedeknecht, 1888.

Only the European type-species and one North American species are known.

Mesoclistus cushmani Townes
Interior Alaska.

Mesoclistus cuslnnani Townes, 1960. //( Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt.
2): 560. (J, 9.

Tribe ACAENITINI

This tribe includes eighteen genera; only three of these occur in the New World, and none
occur in South America.

Genus AROTES Gravenhorst

Arotes Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 446.

Type-species: Arotes albicinctus Gravenhorst. Monotypic.
Asthenonieris Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 168.

Type-species: Asthenonieris nigricoxis Schmiedeknecht. By subsequent monotypy
from inclusion by Schmiedeknect, 1888.




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Sphalerus Kriechbaumer, 1878. Ent. Naehr. 4: 41.

Type-species: Sphalerus bifasciatus Kriechbaumer. Monotypic. The type-species is
regarded as a synonym of A. albicinctus Gravenhorst.
Retanixia Cameron, 1886. Biol. Cent.-Amer., Hym., v. 1, p. 299.

Type-species: Retanisia facialis Cameron. Monotypic.

This moderate sized genus is Holarctic and Neotropic (mountains of Me.xico and Guatemala).
The known hosts include Cerambycidae, Melandryidae, Buprestidae, and Mordellidae.

Arotes amoenus Cresson
Que. w. to Minn., s. to w. N. C. and n. Ga. Host: Melandrya striata Say.
Acaenitus amoenus Harris, 1835. In Hitchcock, Rpt. Geol. Mineral. Bot. Zool. Mass., ed. 2,

p. 586. Nomen nudum.
Arotes at)ioenus Cresson, 1868. Canad. Ent. 1: 34. ♀.
Tropistes elegayis Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 80. ♂.

Arotes decorus (Say)
Mann. s. to Ga., w. to Wis., e. Kans., and e. Tex. Host: Towoxia bidentata (Say).

Acaenitus decorus Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 248. ♀ (♂ misdet.).

Arotes maurus Rohwer
Northern Minn., w. Sask., central Alta., s.w. B. C. May be only subspecifically
distinct from A. a)iioeuus Cresson.
Arotes tiiaunis Rohwer, 1920. In Cushman and Rohwer, U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 57: 517. ♀.

Arotes melleus (Say)
N. Y., N. J., Pa., Md., D. C, w. N. C, s. Mich., s.w. Ind. Host: Metacmaeops
vittatus (Swed.).
Acaenitus melleus Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 249. ♀.

Genus SPILOPTERON Townes

Spilopteron Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 568.
Type-species: Spilopteron franclemonti Townes. Orig. desig.

This is a small Holarctic and Oriental genus.

Spilopteron formosum (Cresson)
Que. w. to s.w. Man., s. to s.e. Ga. Host: Bellamira scalaris (Say).
Arotes fomiosus Cresson, 1868. Canad. Ent. 1: 34. ♂.
Spilopteron formosum australe Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus.

Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 573. ♂, ♀. N. syn.

Spilopteron franclemonti Townes
N. B. w. to s. Man., s. to N. Y., s. Ohio, and Minn.

Spilopteron franclemonti Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216

(pt. 2):569. ♂, ♀.

Spilopteron occiputale (Cresson)
Mass. w. to Mich., s. to e. N. C, n.w. S. C, and s. Ind. Host: Strangalia

bicolor (Swed.).
Arotes occiputalis Cresson, 1869. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 260. ♂.
Arotes apicalis Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 366. ♀.

Spilopteron vicinum (Cresson)
N. S. w. to s.w. N. W. T., s. to Va., Tex., Colo., and n.w. Oreg. Host:

Anoplodera nigrella (Say), A. rubrica (Say)?, A. vagans (Oliv.)?, Metacmaeops vittatus

(Swed.). The two "subspecies" recognized by Townes and Townes (1960) were largely

sympatric.
Arotes vicinus Cresson, 1869. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 260. ♂.
Arotes venustus Cresson, 1869. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 260. ♂, ♀.
Arotes superbus Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 81. ♂, ♀.
Spilopteron vicinum melanderi Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus.

Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 575. ♂, ♀. N. syn.

Genus YEZOCERYX Uchida

Yezoceryx Uchida, 1928. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Faculty Agr., Jour. 25: 36.

Type-species: Yezoceryx scutellaris Uchida. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is a large Holarctic and Oriental genus; the majority of the species are Oriental.

Yezoceryx rupinsulensis (Cresson)
Central Mich., 111., s.e. Minn.

Acaenitus rupinsulensis Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 143. ♀.




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Subfamily LYCORININAE

This is a small subfamily including three cosely related genera, only one of which occurs in the
New World.

Genus TOXOPHOROIDES Viereck

Toxophowides Cresson, 1874 (1873). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 25: 406. Manuscript name
cited in synonymy (i.e. nomen nudum). Townes (1970) regarded the name Toxophowides
as being validated by Viereck (1911); Townes opinion is (personal communication, 1975)
that because Cresson did not adopt this name (Cresson said that it was an MS name
which he had intended to use for the species he described on the following page as
Lycorinaf apicalis) it should be regarded as having been published in synonymy by
Cresson. Those who agree with the present Code regarding the publication date and
authorship of names which have been accepted as having been validated in synonymy,
possibly could regard Toxophowides as having been validated by Cresson.

Toxophoroides Viereck, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 40: 195.

Type-species: Lifcorina^ apicalis Cresson. Monotypic and orig desig.

Chloral ijcorina Cushman. 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 9.
Type-species: Glypta scitula Cresson. Orig. desig.

This is a small Neotropic and Nearctic genus.

Revision: Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 7-13.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 3.

Toxophoroides albomarginatus
***authority mismatch
albomarginatus (Cresson). Maine w. to Man., s. to N. C, Ark., Kans., and
Colo. Host: Psoronina hanniiondi (Riley), A)iarHia lineatella Zell., Dichouienis
bipiDictella (Wlshm.), Archips romceana (Harris), Acleris niintita (Rob.), Grapholitha
niolesta (Bsk.).
Glypta alboniarginafa Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 157. ♀.

Toxophoroides albomarginatus
***authority mismatch
soror (Cushman). N. Mex., Ariz., Calif. Host: Acrobasis nuxvorella Neun.

Chlorolycorina Noror Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 10. ♀.

Toxophoroides glaucomatus Cushman
N. J., Pa., Md., N. C, Ohio, Mich.

Toxophoroides glaucoinatus Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 12. ♀.

Toxophoroides scitulus (Cresson)
N. Y., N. J., Md., D. C, Va., N. C, Fla., Ind., Ky., Tenn. Host: Acrobasis
juglandis (LeB.), Nephopteryx uvinella (Rag.), Tetralopha subcanalis (Wlk.), Arogalea
cristifasciella (Chamb.), Gelechia albisparsella (Chamb.), Ancylis comptana (Froel.),
"tineid" on apple, leaf feeder on Rubus alleghe)iiensis.
Glypta scitula Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 155. ♀.

Toxophoroides xanthozonatus (Ashmead)
Southeastern N. C, s. Fla., Mo. Host: Tortricid on oak,
Antaeotricha hioiiilis (Zell), leaf roller on Vacci)iiu))i australe.
Glypta xanthozonata Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 449. ♂.

Taxonomy: Viereck, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 40: 195 (syn.). -Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl.
Mus., Proc. 58: 11-12. — Walkley, 1967. In Krombein et al, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2,
sup. 2, p. 85 (syn.).

Subfamily COLLYRIINAE

Genus COLLYRIA Schiodte

Pachymerus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 721. Preocc. by Thunberg, 1805

and Serville, 1825.

Type-species: Bassns calcitrator Gravenhorst. Desig. by Westwood, 1840.
Collyria Schiodte, 1839. Mag. Zool. (Ser. 2, sect. 3) 9 (insectes, pi. 6-10): 10. N. name for

Pachynienis Gravenhorst.

This is a small Palearctic genus. The hosts are Cephidae. The eggs are inserted into the eggs
of the host and the Collyria adults emerge from the cocoon of the host.




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Collyria coxator (Villers)
N. Y., N. J., Pa., Del., Md., n. Va., Ont., Ohio; Eurasia; n. Africa. Introduced.
Host: CephuH pycjntaeus (L.), Janus integer (Nort.). Despite repeated attempts to
establish coxator in western Canada in the 1930's on the native Cephus cinctus Nort., it
apparently no longer occurs there. Townes, Momoi, and Townes (1965) were apparently
the first authors to suppress Collyria calcitrator (Gravenhorst) as a synonym of
coxator, but Gravenhorst had placed calcitrator as a definite synonym of coxator in 1829
and uncharacteristically neglected to use the senior name.

Ichneumon coxator Villers, 1789. Caroli Linnaei Ent., v. 3, p. 193. Sex not indicated.

Bas.sus calcitrator Gravenhorst, 1807. Vergl. Uebers. Zool. Systeme, p. 266. ♀.

Pacliynierux puncticepa Thomson, 1877. Opusc. Ent. 8: 734. ♀.

Collyria calcitratrix Schulz, 1906. Spolia Hym., p. 122. Emend.

Taxonomy: Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 727-729. — Kerrich, 1936. Soc. Brit.
Ent., Trans. 3: 63. —Kerrich, 1936. Soc. Brit. Ent., Jour. 1: 124. —Townes, Momoi, and
Townes, 1965. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 397-398.

Biology: Salt, 1931; 1932. Bui. Ent. Res. 22: 506; 23: 211-216. -Salt, 1934. Roy. Sbc. London,
Proc. (Ser. B) 114: 457-460. —Salt and Laing, 1935. Nature [London] 135: 792. —Walker,
1937. Parasitology 29: 477-503. -Walker, 1940. Bui. Ent. Res. 3: 551-573. —Smith, 1948.
Ent. Soc. Ont., Ann. Rpt. 78: 39-44. —Smith, 1959. Canad. Ent. 91: 697-700.

Subfamily ORTHOPELMATINAE

Genus ORTHOPELMA Taschenberg

Orthopehiia Taschenberg, 1865. Ztsehr. f. die Gesam. Naturw. [Halle] 25: 137.

Type-species: Honiteles luteolator Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Proedrus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 147.

Type-species: Heniiteles luteolator Gravenhorst. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Thomson, 1889.

This is the only genus in the subfamily; it is medium sized and Holarctic. The species are in-
ternal larval parasites of Cynipidae which make galls on Rosa, Rubus, and Ribes. Dr. John Bar-
ron has completed a revision of Orthopehna which will probably be published prior to the ap-
pearance of this catolog.

Orthopelma californicum Ashmead
Northern Calif. Host: Cynipid gallmaker on wild currant. According to
Ashmead, the syntypes were "reared in May, 1887, from a Rose gall," but the Koebele
notes in the U. S. Natl. Museum say that they were reared from a cynipid which makes
galls on wild currant and that the parasites of the cynipids emerged in May, 1888, from
galls collected near Alameda Calif, in March, 1888.
Orthopehna californicum Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 417. ♂, ♀.

Orthopelma coloradense Ashmead
Colo. Host: Diplolepis tuberculator (Ckll.).

Orthopehna coloradense Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 418. ♀.
Orthopehna americanum Riley, 1890. In Riley and Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life
3: 154. Nomen nudum (also on same page as "americana").

Orthopelma diastrophi Ashmead
Conn., Ind.? Host: Diastrophns radicmn Bass., Diplolepis radicum (0.
S.). Apparently parasitizes cynipids which make galls on the roots of both Rosa and
Rubus.
Orthopehna diastrophi Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 418. 6, 9. The
syntypes from the Riley collection are not likely to be from Mo. as Ashmead thought
because the specimens do not appear to have been mounted by Riley and because the
numbers they bear do not appear to be Riley numbers. Small circular labels bearing a
"W" might indicate that these specimens came from F. M. Webster, who was then in
Indiana. I recently learned that Webster's notes are in the U. S. Natl. Archives.

Orthopelma luteolator (Gravenhorst)
Que., Mass., R. I., N. Y., Pa., Ont., Ind., Ariz.; Europe. Host:

Diastrophus turgidus Bass., Diplolepis ignota (0. S.), D. rosae (L.), D. rosaefolii (Ckll.).
Ichneumon mediator Thunberg, 1822: 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem. 8:
269; 9: 332. 9. Unavailable by virtue of preoccupation in Ichneumon by Pimpla
mediator Fabricius, which was unnecessarily renamed Ichneumon modulator by




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Thunberg on i^ey p. 271 (v. 8, 1822) and text p. 340 (v. 9, 1824). Although Thunberg
never indicated that any of his names were replacement names until he cited the names
being replaced in his 1824 text, it is imperative that we accept the fact that the
renamed species (such as P. mediator Fabricius) were included in Ichneumon by
Thunberg in his 1822 key. Otherwise, the numerous replacement names proposed in the
key must instead be treated as proposals of new species. The only practical course is to
continue to treat Thunberg's (1822; 1824) replacement names as such, particularly in
view of the fact that most of them have been unavailable because they were
unnecessarily proposed. Without having heard the foregoing argument. Dr. H. K.
Townes informed me (personal commun., 1975) that he would consider /. mediator
Thunberg to be available were it not for the fact that the combination /. mediator
(Fabricius) had been published by Jurine in 1807. I am not certain that the latter would
have any bearing on the question.

Hemitelen liiteolafor Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 826. cJ, 9.

Orthopelma minutum Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 416. 9. The type
locality is Jamaica Plain, Mass. (not "Jamaica Plains, New York," as stated by Ashmead).

Orthopelwa romecola Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 417. 6, 9. Notes in
the U. S. Natl. Museum indicate that the syntypes were reared from a cynipid gall on
rose sent to Washington, D. C. by H. K. Morrison, Ft. Grant, Ariz.

Orthopelma fhoinpsoni Brues, 1907. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 5: 157. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Roman, 1912. Zool. Bidr. Uppsala 1: 267, 292.

Orthopelma occidentale Ashmead
Southwestern Wyo. Host: Diplolepis similis (Ash.).

Orthopelma occidentale Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 417. ♂.

Orthopelma ovale (Provancher)
Que., Alta.

Hemiteles omlis Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 332. ♂, ♀.

Subfamily ICHNEUMONINAE

The Ichneumoninae is the second largest of ichneumonid subfamilies (only the Cryptinae
being larger). The species are all internal parasites of Lepidoptera. The females of some species
oviposit into larvae and some into fresh pupae, but the progeny always emerge from the pupa.
The sexual dimorphism in structure and color is often marked, but the differences between spe-
cies often are subtle, which not infrequently causes difficulty in identification and association of
the sexes.

Historically, the Ichneumoninae have been divided into categories having names that were not
derived from those of included genera. The names cyclopneusticae and particularly stenop-
neusticae are two which persist to some extent in current literature. The cyclopneusticae is com-
posed of the Alomyini and Phaeogenini, while the stenopneusticae includes the remainder of the
tribes of Ichneumoninae. The species of cyclopneusticae are parasites of microlepidoptera, while
those of stenopneusticae generally parasitize macrolepidoptera. Accordingly, the species of
cyclopneusticae are generally smaller than those of stenopneusticae.

Heinrich (1961-1962) published a revision of the stenopneusticae which applies mostly to
northeastern North America. Many of the subspecies recognized or described in that work or its
supplements (Heinrich, 1969-1976) are not recognized here, often because they merely represent
ends and intermediate portions of clines. In some cases synonymy of these subspecific names is
based upon specimens in the U. S. National Museum collection. In a few cases, subspecies are
placed in synonymy because they are based upon too few specimens to demonstrate that they
deserve recognition (particularly when there is no zoogeographical reason for expecting sub-
speciation).

Revision: Heinrich, 1961-1962 (Phaeogenini excluded). Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 1-87 (1961
[I960]); 18: 89-205 (1961 [I960]); 21: 207-368 (1961); 23: 369-505 (1961); 26: 507-671 (1962);
27: 675-802 (1962); 29: 803-886 (1962). -Peck, 1964. Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 35: 887-925
(addenda, corrigenda, host-parasite list, and indices for Heinrich, 1961-1962). —Heinrich,
1969-1976. Nat. Canad. 96: 935-963 (1969); 98: 959-1026 (1971); 99: 173-211 (1972); 100:
461-465 (1973); 102: 753-782 (1976) (supplements to Heinrich, 1961-1962).

Taxonomy: Dasch, 1971. Ohio Jour. Sci. 71: 279-283 (key to stenopneusticae found
overwintering as adult females, particularly in Ohio).




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Biology: Dasch, 1971. Ohio Jour. Sci. 71: 270-279 (overwintering sites preferred by
stenopneusticae found overwintering as adult females, particularly in Ohio).

Tribe PHAEOGENINI

The members of this tribe are parasites of microlepidoptera. Townes and Townes (1973) per-
sisted in suppressing the name Phaeogenini as a synonym of Alomyini. Because this seems in-
consistent with their recognition of a tribe Heterischnini, the Phaeogenini are here regarded as
tribally distinct from the Alomyini.

Taxonomy: Perkins, 1959. Handb. Ident. Brit. Ins., v. 7, pt. 2 (ai), p. 68-111. —Townes and
Townes, 1973. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 19: 219-221 (Ethiopian cat.).

Subtribe HETERISCHNINA

Genus HETERISCHNUS Wesmael

HeterischuHs Wesmael, 1859. [Brussels] Acad. Roy. de Belg., Mem. 8: 83.

Type-species: Ichnemuon piilex Mueller. Monotypic.
RhexideriiiHs Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 192.

Type-species: Rhexidernius japonicus Ashmead. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Ashmead, 1906.
Ponocentnis Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 272.

Type-species: Ponocoitnis liuordi Provancher. Monotypic.
Isclinop.sidea Viereck, 1914. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 83: 77.

Type-species: IclDieionon tlioracicus Gravenhorst. Monotypic and orig. desig.
AethiopisclniHs Heinrich, 1936. Paris, Mus. d'Hist. Nat., Mem. (n. s.) 4: 244. Name invalid
as of 1936 because neither of the two species names validated was designated as
type-species.
AetliiopisclniHs Heinrich, 1938. Acad. Malgache, Mem. 25: 127.

Type-species: Aethiopischnus olsoufieffi Heinrich. Monotypic and orig. desig.

Species of this genus are known from the Holarctic and Ethiopian Regions.

Heterischnus coloradensis (Cushman)
n. comb. Colo. According to notes pertaining to the C. F. Baker

collection, the holotype was collected by C. F. Baker on July 21, 1896 at an elevation of
10,000 ft. in Rabbit Ear's Pass, Colo.
Ischnopnidea coloradensis Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 253. ♀.

Heterischnus huardi (Provancher)
Que. s. to N. Y., w. to Alaska and Oreg.

Posocentrus Huardi Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 273. ♀.

Posocentnis Huarti{\) Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11: 251.

Phaeogenes recticaudus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 42. ♀.

Isclrnopsidea alberta Cushman, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 72 (13): 1. ♀.

Subtribe PHAEOGENINA

Taxonomy: Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 415-423, 592-593
(cat. of E. Palearctic spp. and key to genera).

Genus STENODONTUS Berthoumieu

Gnathoxys Wesmael, 1845 (1844). [Brussels] Acad. Roy. de Belg., Nouveaux Mem. 18: 168.
Preocc. by Westwood, 1842.

Type-species: IcInieiDiion niargiiiellus Gravenhorst. Monotypic. The type-species
was identified with a query by Berthomieu.
Stenodontus Berthoumieu, 1896. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. 65: 846. N. name for Gnathoxys
Wesmael.

This is a small Holarctic genus with two undescribed species occurring in North America. The
known ranges of these species are: (1) Newfoundland (insular) s. to N. C, w. to Mich, and (2)
Idaho and Wash.




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Genus DICAELOTUS Wesmael

Dicaelotuft Wesmael, 1845 (1844). [Brussels] Acad. Roy. de Belg., Nouveax Mem. 18: 175.

Type-species: Ichneiouon pu))iilis Gravenhorst. Desig. by Ashmead, 1900.
Leptodenias Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 182.

Type-species: Leptodemaa cariniscutis Cameron. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Cameron, 1906.
Deloglyptufi Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 193.

Type-species: Deloglyptns pi(iictive)itris Thomson. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Thomson, 1891.
Cinxaelotus Holmgren, 1890 (1889). Ichn. Suecica, v. 3, p. 367.

Type-species: CinxaelotuH erythrogaster Holmgren. Monotypic.
Euryptilm Holmgren, 1890 (1889). Ichn. Suecica, v. 3, p. 375.

Type-species: Euryptilns kriechbaiofieri Holmgren. Monotypic.

This is apparently a moderate sized genus of the Holarctic and Ethiopian Regions. Perkins
(1959) placed Deloglyptus as a synonym of Dicaelotus because he thought the differences
between them were rather weak. He said that if a division is made between them, other groups
of species should also be split off as genera distinct from Dicaelotus. I assume, therefore, that
Perkins's (1969) treatment of DeloglyptuN as distinct from Dicaelotiiti was for the purpose of
making the first revisor decision to suppress Leptodeman as a synonym of Deloglyptus. Con-
sequently, I have not followed Townes and Townes (1973), who treated Deloglyptus as a distinct
genus.

Ta.xonomy: Perkins, 1959. Handb. Ident. Brit. Ins., v. 7, pt. 2 (ai), p. 83. —Perkins, 1962. Brit.
Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 11: 416, 435. —Townes and Townes, 1973. Amer. Ent. Inst.,
Mem. 19: 220.

Dicaelotus attenuatus (Provancher)
Que., Conn., w. B. C. Because the range, "Atlantic to Cont. Divide in

Transit, and U. Austr. Zones," given by Townes and Townes (1951) conflicts with the

type-localities of two of their synonyms, one is inclined to doubt the correctness of their

synonymy and to wonder about the sort of data they generally used to make their

sweeping generalizations about the ranges of species.
Phygadeuon attenuatus Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13 (no. 155): 334 (key); 13 (no. 156):

359. 9. Barron (1975) said that the lectotype selected by Rohwer and Gahan (1918) is

now represented only by the pin and labels.
Phaeogenes sectus Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 358. ♂.
Herpestonnis flavicoxae Harrington, 1894. Canad. Ent. 26: 210. ♂.
Phygadeuon (Plesignathus) taeniatus Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat.

Hist. Survey Bui. 22: 335, 336. ♂.

Taxonomy: Gahan and Rohwer, 1918. Canad. Ent. 50: 135. —Townes and Townes, 1951. In
Muesebeck et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 279. —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102:
430, 563.

Dicaelotus clypeatus (Cresson)
Maine s. to N. C, w. to 111.

Stilpnus clypeatus Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 95. ♂.

Dicaelotus gelechiae (Ashmead)
N. H., N. Y., Ont., Ohio. Host: Gnorinioschema gallae.'^olidaginis (Riley).

Phaeogenes gelechiae Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 392. ♂, ♀.

Dicaelotus missouriensis (Ashmead)
D. C, Mo. Ecology: The holotype of the synonym Phaeogenes
honiteloides was reared together with the type series of Eniphyti)ia pallidiscapa
Rohwer (1911) (a synonym oi Anietastegia recens [Say]) from beneath the bark at the
base of a black birch {Betula nigra).
Phaeogenes missouriensis Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 393. ♀.
Phaeogenes heniiteloides Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 393. ♀.

Taxonomy: Rohwer, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 41: 401 (discussion of Bureau of
Entomology notes).

Dicaelotus pacificus (Ashmead)
Md., W. Va., Alta., Calif.

Ischyrooionis pacificus Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 199. 9 (male misdet).




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Dicaelotus ruficornis (Ashmead)
Mo.? The holotype bears a label with what is apparently the illegible
name of a collector and another label reading "Collection C. V. Riley;" as often as not,
Ashmead was incorrect concerning localities for specimens in the Riley collection.
Phaeogenes riificonnx Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 394. ♀.

Genus ORONOTUS Wesmael

Oronotus Wesmael, 1845 (1844). [Brussels] Acad. Roy. de Belg., Nouveaux Mem. 18: 213.

Type-species: Oronotus coarctus Wesmael. Monotypic. The type-species is regarded
as a synonym of 0. bi)iotati(^ (Gravenhorst).
Fedahua Cameron, 1903. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 13: 318.

Type-species: Fedahiia tricolor Cameron. Monotypic.
Pra)iiha Cameron, 1903. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 51: 231.

Type-species: Prainha iHcntdihularis Cameron. Monotypic.
Takanona Uchida, 1926. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Faculty Agr., Jour. 18: 163.

Type-species: Takano)ia ishi!/a)iia)ta Uchida. Monotypic and orig. desig.

Ta.xonomy: Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 420 (syn.).

Oronotus vincibilis (Cresson)
n. comb. N. H. s. to D. C, w. to Iowa and Ark.

Iclniennion ci)icibilis Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 312. ♀.
Phaeogenes decoloratits Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 203. ♀.
Phaeogenes discus Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 203. ♂.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1957. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 59: 119 (generic transfer).

Genus DIADROMUS Wesmael

DiadroniKs Wesmael. 1845 (1844). [Brussels] Acad. Roy. de Belg., Nouveaux Mem. 18: 207.

Type-species: Ichneumon troglodytes Gravenhorst. Desig. by Ashmead, 1900.
Thyraeella Holmgren, 1890 (1889). Ichn.'Suecica, v. 3, p. 402.

Type-species: Isclnuis collaris Gravenhorst. Monotypic.

Diadromus erythrostomus (Cameron)
Calif.

Stiboscopus erythrostomus Cameron, 1908. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 34: 244. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 113.

Diadromus helvolus (Cresson)
Eastern Que. s. to Va., w. to Sask., Colo., and Tex. Host: Spargmiothis
sulfureana (Clem.), Endothenia hebesana (Wlk.).
Ichneumon helrolus Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 312. ♀.
Ichneumon Magdalensis Provancher, 1890. Nat. Canad. 19: 248. ♂.

Taxonomy: Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 205.

Diadromus marginatus (Provancher)
N. Y., N. J., Md., Ont., Alta.

Phygodeuon marginatus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 56. ♂.

Diadromus subtilicornis (Gravenhorst)
Ont., Ohio, Ind., N. Dak., Kans., Utah, Wash., Oreg.; Eurasia. Host:
Phttella xylostella (L.). Cushman (1935) suppressed Herpestomus plutellae Ashmead as
a synonym of subtilicornis, and, after comparing North American and European
specimens, I have concluded that Townes (1944) was incorrect in resurrecting plutellae
from synonymy. Phaeogenes japonicus Ashmead was erroneously suppressed as a
synonym of subtilicornis by Townes, Momoi, and Townes (1965).
Ichneumon subtilicornis Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 1, p. 592. ♀.
Diadromus imbellis Wesmael, 1845 (1844). [Brussels] Acad. Roy. de Belg., Nouveaux Mem.

18" 209 9
Herpestomus plutellae Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 12: 396. ♂.

Taxonomy: Cushman, 1935. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 25: 548. —Townes, 1944. Amer. Ent. Soc,
Mem. 11: 305. —Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 420.

Biology: Lloyd, 1942. Rev. Canad. de Biol. 1: 633-645. — Harcourt, 1963. In LeRoux et ai,
Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 32: 61.




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Genus TEREBRAELLA Heinrich

Terebraella Heinrich, 1972. Nat. Canad. 99: 211.

Type-species: Terebraella culiciops Heinrich. Monotypic and orig. desig.

Terebraella culiciops Heinrich
Fla.

Terebraella cidiciops Heinrich, 1972. Nat. Canad. 99: 211.

Genus COLPOGNATHUS Wesmael

Colpogyiathns Wesmael, 1845 (1844). [Brussels] Acad. Roy. de Belg., Nouveau.x Mem. 18:
174.

Type-species: Ichneumon celerator Gravenhorst. Monotypic.

Colpognathus helvus (Cresson)
Que. s. to Ga., w. to Calif. Host: Platyptilia carduidadyla (Riley).
Ichneumon fungor Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 306. ♂.
Ichneumon helvus Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 312. ♀.
CrypfuH certus Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6 (6): 177 (l Phygadeuon hilaris Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 284. "♂"=♀.
Crypfus ruficornis Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11 (no. 125): 139. ♂. Preocc. by
Gravenhorst, 1829.

Taxonomy: Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 204, 206.

Genus CENTETERUS Wesmael

Cenfeterus Wesmael, 1845 (1844). [Brussels] Acad. Roy. de Belg., Nouveaux Mem. 18: 176.
Type-species: Centeterns major Wesmael. Desig. by Ashmead, 1900.

Centeterus euryptychiae (Ashmead)
N. Y., Mich. Host: Epiblema Hcudderianum (Clem.). Ashmead

erroneously stated that the two syntypes were from V;'ashington, D. C. Notes made by
T. Pergande show that he reared these specimens from galls (on Solidago) sent by D. S.
Kellicott of Buffalo, N. Y.
Colpognathus euryptychiae Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 12: 395. ♀.

Centeterus linearis (Provancher)
Que., N. J., N. Mex. Host: Epiblema scudderianuvi (Clem.).

Crypfus linearis Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 72. ♂.
Phaeogenes beulahensis Viereck, 1903. In Skinner, Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 80 S.

Centeterus quadriceps (Cresson)
Que. s. to Va., w. to Mich.

Ichneumon quadriceps Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 312. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 204.

Centeterus tuberculifrons (Provancher)
Que., Maine, N. Y., S. C, Ont.

Phygadeuon tuberculifrons Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 284. ♀.

Phygadeuon fasciatus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 55. ♀.

Genus AETHECERUS Wesmael

Aethecenis Wesmael, 1845 (1844). [Brussels] Acad. Roy. de Belg., Nouveaux Mem. 18: 213.
Type-species: Aethecerus di spar Wesmael. Desig. by Ashmead, 1900.

Aethecerus parvus (Provancher)
Que., Maine, R. I., N. Y.

Isch}tus parvus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 112. 6. Barron (1975) rejected the
"lectotype" selected by Gahan and Rohwer (1917) because it is a specimen which
Provancher used only for his 1879 redescription; Barron gave label data for the
specimen he regarded as the holotype.
Phaeogeues Farladeaui Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13: 331. ♀.
Phaeogenes Falardeauid) Townes, 1944. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 302.

Taxonomy: Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11: 121. —Gahan and Rohwer, 1917. Canad. Ent.
49: 428. -Mason, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 145. -Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 469, 527-528.

Aethecerus pinifolii Mason
Alta., Calif. Host: Coleotechnites milleri (Bsk.), C. starki (Free.).
Aethecerus pinifolii Mason, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 145. ♂, ♀.




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Genus JETHSURA Cameron

Jethsura Cameron, 1902. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 28: 373.

Type-species: Jcth.sura ferntginea Cameron. Monotypic.

Jethsura pyriformis (Provancher)
Que., N. H., Mass., R. I., N. Y., N. Mex.
Isclnius pyriforniis Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 109. ♀.
Jefhsura fen-uginea Cameron, 1902. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 28: 374. ♀.

Taxonomy: Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11: 40. -Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63:
109.

Genus PHAEOGENES Wesmael

Phaeoge)ies Wesmael, 1845 (1844). [Brussels] Acad. Roy. de Belg., Nouveaux Mem. 18: 180.
Type-species: Phaeogenea priniarius Wesmael. Desig. by Ashmead, 1900. The
type-species is regarded as a synonym of P. seviivulpiniis (Gravenhorst).
Diwphanes Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 183.

Type-species: Phygadeuon (Dirophanes) plesius Viereck. By subsequent monotypy
from inclusion by Viereck, 1912.
TycheniH Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 192.

Type-species: Phaeogenes elongating Thomson. Monotypically included and desig. by
Perkins, 1962.
Pwscus Holmgren, 1890 (1889). Ichn. Suecica, v. 3, p. 420.

Type-species: Phaeogenes ceplmlotes Wesmael. Desig. by Ashmead, 1900.

Townes, Momoi, and Townes (1965) distinguished Dirophanes from Phaeogenes, but the
characters they ascribed to Dirophanes in their key do not fit the type-species very well. Their
key also distinguishes Phaeogenes in the strict sense from "species placed in Phaeogenes with a
query," but because the latter category includes most of the species presently in Phaeogenes it
does not seem practical to adopt that classification here.

Taxonomy: Perkins, 1959. Handb. Ident. Brit. Ins., v. 7, pt. 2 (ai), p. 99-111. —Perkins, 1962.
Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent, Bui. 11: 461. —Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965. Amer. Ent.
Inst., Mem. 5: 593.

Phaeogenes acaudus (Provancher)
Que.

Phygadeuon acaudus Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13 (no. 155): 334 (key); 13 (no. 156):
358. ♀.

Phaeogenes arcticus Cushman
N. C.?, Alta., Alaska, B. C, Wash., Calif.? Host: Acleris gloverana (Wlshm.),
A. variana (Fern.).
Phaeogenes arcticus Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 251. ♂, ♀.

Biology: Prebble and Graham, 1945. Brit. Columbia Lumberman 29: 38, 39, 88.

Phaeogenes arogae Gittens and Henry
Idaho, Oreg. Host: Aroga websteri Clarke.

Phaeogenes arogae Gittens and Henry, 1966. Biol. Soc. Nev., Occas. Papers 12: I. 6, 9.

Phaeogenes ater Cresson
Que. s. to Miss., w. to Oreg. Host: Podosesia syringae (Harris), Synanthedo7i
exitiosa (Say), S. pyri (Harris), S. scitula (Harris), S. tipuliformis (Clerck).
Phaeogenes ater Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 202. ♀.

Amhlyteles macrocephalus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 34.
S.

Phaeogenes cacoeciae Viereck
N. Y., Mich., Sask., Colo., N. Mex., Utah, Alaska, B. C. Host: Archips
argyrospilus (Wlk.), Choristoneu)-a conflictana (Wlk.).
Phaeogenes cacoeciae Viereck, 1924. Canad. Ent. 56: 66. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Allen, 1968. Ent. Soc Amer., Ann. 61: 625, 626-627.

Phaeogenes cynarae Bragg
N. H. w. to Wash., s. to Va., Mo., and Calif. Host: Platyptilia sp., P.
carduidactyla (Riley).
Phaeogenes cynarae Bragg, 1971. Pan-Pacific Ent. 47: 58. ♂, ♀.

Biology: Lange, 1941. CaHf. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 653: 24, 67.

Phaeogenes epinotiae Cushman
Maine. Host: Epinotia nanana (Treit.), Coleotechnites piceaella (Kft.).
Phaeogenes epinotiae Cushman, 1935. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 25: 547. ♂, ♀.




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Phaeogenes gaspesianus Provancher
N. S., Que., Maine, Ont., Ohio, Alaska, B. C, Oreg. Host: Acleris
variana (Fern.).
Phaeogenes Gasp€Hio)ius Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13: 331. ♀.
Phaeogeves piwplokfeH Bradley, 1918. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 13: 98. ♀.

Morphology: Peck, 1937. Canad. Jour. Res., Sect. D (Zool. Sci.) 15: 246, 251.

Phaeogenes gilvilabris Allen
N. Y., Pa., Mich., Wis. Host: Arcliips rom^iuti (L.), A. seniiferanus (Wlk.),
Sparga)iotlii.s pettifatia (Rob.).
Pliaeogenes gilrilabrin Allen, 1968. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 61: 627. <5, 9.

Phaeogenes haeussleri Uchida
Sakhalin, Japan. Introduced in Conn., N. J., Md., N. C, S. C, and Ind.

between 1934 and 1939, apparently without becoming established. Host: Grapholifha
violesta (Bsk.). G. )iiolest(i was the target host for introductions of P. haeussleri in the
U. S. Uchida (1933) gave a redescription for what he believed to be Pliaeogenes
japonicHs Ashmead, and after learning that he had misidentified P. japonicus he
published the name haeussleri in reference to his misidentification.
Phaeogenes haeussleri Uchida, 1935. Insecta Matsumurana 9: 82-83. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Uchida, 1933. Insecta Matsumurana 7: 155-156.

Biology: Haeussler, 1940. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 728: 42-43. — Iwata, 1961. Acta Hym. 1:
316.

Morphology: Iwata, 1958. Acta Hym. 1: 71 (ovarian egg). —Iwata, 1961. Acta Hym. 1: 137
(ovary and egg).

Phaeogenes hebe (Cresson)
N. Y., 111.

Ichneumon Hebe Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 306. ♂, ♀.

Phaeogenes hebrus (Cresson)
Que. s. to Fla., w. to Wash.

Ichneumon hebrus Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 306. ♂, ♀.

Phygadeuon insignis Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 179. 9. Barron (1975) gave label

data for the holotype.
Ichneumon ustus Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13 (no. 154): 305 (key); 13 (no. 155): 324. ♂ (♀ misdet.).
A lectotype was selected by Barron (1975).

Taxonomy: Allen, 1968. Ent. Soc Amer., Ann. 61: 625-626. —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102:
490-491, 579.

Phaeogenes laevigatus (Cresson)
Colo.

Ichneumon laevigatus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc 3: 176. ♀. Preocc. by

Gravenhorst, 1820; not renamed here because of taxonomic uncertainties.
Phaeogenes levigatus Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 746. Unjustified emend.; preocc.
in Phaeogenes by I. laevigatus Cresson.

Phaeogenes laricellae Mason
N. B., Ont., Wis., Oreg. Host: Argyresthia laricella Kft.
Phaeogenes laricellae Mason, 1961. Canad. Ent. 93: 3. ♂, ♀.

Morphology: Eidt, 1962. Canad. Ent. 94: 32 (final-instar larva).

Phaeogenes maculicornis
***authority mismatch
hariolus (Cresson), n. status. N. S. w. to Alaska, s. to Mass., Mich., N. Mex., and

Oreg. Host: Acleris variana (Fern.), Argijrotaenia dorsolana Dyar, Choristoneura

conflictana (Wlk.), C.fumiferana (Clem.), C. occidentalis Free., C. pinus Free., Croesia

semipurpura)ia (Kft).
Ichneumon hariolus Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 305. ♀.
Phygadeuon (Bathyinefi.'i) spinicoxus Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 289. 9. N.

syn.
Phygadeuon (Dirophanes) plesius Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 42: 148. ♀.
Dirophanes banksianae Allen, 1967. Canad. Ent. 99: 893. ♀.

Biology: Dixon and Benjamin, 1963. Jour. Econ. Ent. 56: 267.
Morphology: Peck, 1937. Canad. Jour. Res., Sect. D (Zool. Sci.) 15: 246, 251.

Phaeogenes maculicornis
***authority mismatch
maculicornis (Stephens). Europe. Introduced in Ont. in 1950, 1955, and 1956. At
the time of release it was not suspected that the Nearctic niaculicomis hariolus
(Cresson) was conspecific The target species for releases in Ont. was the native
Choristoneura fu)nifera)ia (Clem.).
Ichneumon macnlicornis Stephens, 1835. Illus. Brit. Ent., v. 7, p. 136. ♂, ♀.




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Phaeogenes f^cutellaris Wesmael, 1845 (1844). [Brussels] Acad. Roy. de Belg., Nouveaux
Mem. 18: 183. ♀.

Taxonomy: Morley, 1902. Ent. Monthly Mag. 38: 119 (syn.). —Perkins, 1953. Brit. Mus. (Nat.
Hist.) Ent., Bui. 3: 108.

Phaeogenes mellinus (Provancher)
Que. s. to N. J., w. to Mich, and Mo. Host: Ehhodios siibsignarius
(Hbn.), Arcliips semiferanus (Wlk.), Croesia se»iipurpurana (Kft.).
Phaeogenes »iellinus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 315. 9. Barron (1975) rejected the
"lectotype" selected by Gahan and Rohwer (1918), but thought the specimen fragment
he regarded as the holotype to be conspecific with the Gahan and Rohwer "lectotype".

Taxonomy: Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11: 39. —Gahan and Rohwer, 1918. Canad. Ent. 50:
133. -Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 507.

Phaeogenes nigridens Wesmael
Mass.; Europe. Introduced. Host: Ostrinia nubilalis (Hbn.).

Phaeogenes nigridens Wesmael, 1845 (1844). [Brussels] Acad. Roy. de Belg., Nouveaux
Mem. 18: 192. "? (5," 9.

Taxonomy: Cushman, 1932. In Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 331: 6 (redescription of
adult). -Perkins, 1953. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist) Ent., Bui. 3: 133. -Allen, 1968. Ent. See.
Amer., Ann. 61: 628-629.

Biology: Smith, 1932. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 331: 21-45. —Baker, 1944. Ent. Soc. Wash.,
Proc. 46: 134. -Baker. Bradley, and Clark, 1945. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 983: 113-119.
— Arbuthnot, 1950. Jour. Econ. Ent. 43: 425.

Morphology: Goidanich, 1931. R. 1st. Super. Agr., Lab. di Ent, Bol. 4: 85-90. —Smith, 1932.
U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 331: 5-21.
ophthaimicus americanus Allen. Colo., Wash. P. ophfhahnictis ophthahuiais Wesmael occurs
in Europe.
Phaeogenes ophthahnicits a)iiericaniis Allen, 1968. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 61: 627. ♂, ♀.

Phaeogenes orbus Provancher
Que.

Phaeogenes orbus Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13: 332. ♂.

Taxonomy: Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 41 (female
described).

Phaeogenes osrufus (Davis)
111.

EurylabiiN osnifus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 353. ♀.
Ennjlabus varufusC.) Nason, 1905. Ent. News 16: 148.

Phaeogenes phycidis Ashmead
Que., N. H., Mass., Conn., N. Y., Minn. Host: Acrobasis betnlella Hist., A.
nibrifasciella Pack., A. silviella Ely.
Phaeogenes phycidis Ashmead, 1898. In Dimmock and Ashmead, Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 4:
169. ♀.

Biology: Daviault, 1935. Nat. Canad. 62: 318, 319.

Phaeogenes sitkensis (Ashmead)
Southeastern Alaska. Known only from the holotype which has the
thyridia only faintly indicated.
Eriplatys sitkensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 162.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1944. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 302.

Phaeogenes soriculatus (Provancher)
Que., N. Y., N. C.

Cryptus soriculatus Provancher, 1881. Nat. Canad. 13: 362. ♂.

Phaeogenes testaceicornis (Cameron)
Nev.

Bathywetis testaceiconiis Cameron, 1908. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 34: 245. ♀.

Taxonomy: Morley, 1914. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 14: 409. —Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc
Wash., Proc 63: 104.

Phaeogenes walshiae Ashmead
N. J. s. to Fla., w. to 111., Kans., and Miss. Host: Walshia "amorphella"
Clem., Ancylis cou/ptana (Froel.), Epiblema strenuanum (Wlk.), Grapholitha molesta
(Bsk.), Laspeyresia caryana (Fitch), Rhyacionia frustrana (Comst.), Phaloniidae. In the
U. S. Natl. Museum collection there is a female specimen from Shady, Fla. having the




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apical tergites of the abdomen black; it demonstrates the impracticality of recognizing a

northern and southern subspecies.
Phygadeuon walshiae Riley, 1890. In Riley and Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 3:

153. Nomen nudum.
Phaeogene>i walshiae Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. See, Trans. 23: 205. ♂, ♀.
Phaeogenes (Centetenis) ineptifrons Gahan, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 113. ♂, ♀.
ProHCUH ivalfihiae var. australis Cushman, 1933. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 82: 5. ♂, ♀. N. syn.

Biology: Haden, 1935. Univ. Del. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 194: 20-35.

Tribe GYRODONTINI

This is the Ichneumonini in the sense of Heinrich and, in part, the Joppini in the sense of
Townes. It is a very large tribe of worldwide distribution. Heinrich (1967) divided the tribe into
five subtribes, four of which are represented in North America.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1967. Synopsis and Reclassif. Ichneumoninae Stenopneusticae Africa
So. of Sahara, v. 1, p. 26-27; v. 3, p. 486-487 (keys to subtribes).

Subtribe GYRODONTINA

Genus CRATICHNEUMON Thomson

Cratichiieumon Thomson, 1893. Opusc. Ent. 18: 1945.

Type-species: Iclnieumon luteiroitris Gravenhorst. Desig. by Ashmead, 1900.
Lareiga Cameron, 1903. Ztschr. System. Hym., Dipt. 3: 13.

Type-species: Lareiga rufofeniorata Cameron. Monotypic.
Belargea Cameron, 1903. Ztschr. System. Hym., Dipt. 3: 15.

Type-species: Belargea albo))iaculata Cameron. Monotypic. The type-species is
regarded as a synonym of C. rufofemorata (Cameron).
Odontojoppa Cameron, 1903. Ztschr. System., Dipt. 3: 16, 177.

Type-species: Odontojoppa nietallica Cameron. Monotypic.
Sycaonia Cameron, 1903. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 51: 224.

Type-species: Sycaonia rufofacies Cameron. Monotypic.
Leptothecns Cameron, 1903. Entomologist 36: 240.

Type-species: Leptothecns rufoniaculatus Cameron. Monotypic.
Tanyjoppa Cameron, 1904. Ztschr. System. Hym., Dipt. 4: 217.

Type-species: Tanyjoppa sanguineoplagiata Cameron. Monotypic.
Lissichneumon Cameron, 1906. Entomologist 39: 227.

Type-species: Lissichneumon levis Cameron. Monotypic.
Ninibolareiga Heinrich, 1969 (1968). Synopsis and Reclassif. Ichneumoninae
Stenopneusticae Africa So. of Sahara, v. 4, p. 933.

Type-species: Ninibolareiga rnenicapitis Heinrich. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is a very large and widely distributed genus which is particulary difficult taxononomi-
cally.

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1973. Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 19: 304 (generic syn.).

Cratichneumon acronictae Heinrich
Que., Maine, N. ¥., N. C. Host: Acronicta sp.

Cratichneunion acronictae Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 18: 125. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 984.

Cratichneumon alternans (Provancher)
Que., Maine.

Phygadeuon alternans Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13 (no. 155): 335 (key); 13 (no. 156):
358. ♀.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 986-989 (male described and included in key).

Cratichneumon anisotae Heinrich
Que. s. to Va., w. to Wis. Host: Anisota senatoria (J. E. S.), Dryocampa
rubicunda rubicunda (F.).
Cratichneunion a^iisotae Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 18: 119. ♂, ♀.

Cratichneumon annulatipes (Provancher)
Que. s. to D. C, w. to Mich, and Mo.

Phaeogenes annulatipes Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 43. ♀.




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Aniblyteles {Pierocor»ius) quintilis Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist.

Survey Bui. 22: 354, 357. ♂.
Cratichneumon anmdatipes facetops Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 18: 147. 6. N.

syn.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1959. Ent. News 70: 214 (syn.).

Cratichneumon annulatus (Provancher)
Que. s. to Pa., w. to Mich.

MeHOsfenus (lyi)Uilatus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 265. ♂.

Cratichneumon arizonensis
***authority mismatch
(Viereclt). Ariz. According to Heinrich (1961) this species is closely related to
takoinae Heinrich.
Ichneumon (Eurylabus) arizonensis Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 295. ♀.

Cratichneumon ashmeadi (Schulz)
Que., Maine, N. H., Colo., Alaska, B. C, Wash., Oreg.

Ichneumon imitator Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 151. ♂. Preocc. by Villers,

1789.
Ichneumon Ashmeadi Schulz, 1906. Spolia Hym., p. 128. N. name for /. imitator Ashmead.

Cratichneumon astutus (Holmgren)
Calif.

Ichneumon astutus Holmgren, 1869 (1868). Eug. Resa, pt. 2 (Zool.), sect. 1 (Ins.), p. 394.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 106.

Cratichneumon austropiceipes Heinrich
Ga., Miss.

Cratichneumon austropiceipes Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 992. ♂, ♀.

Cratichneumon boreoalpinus Heinrich
Newfoundland (insular), N. H.

Cratichneumon boreoalpinus Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 18: 168. ♀.

Cratichneumon boreovagans Heinrich
Que., Maine. According to Heinrich, this may be a northern variant of
C. paraparatus Heinrich.
Cratichneumon boreovagans Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 29: 870. ♀.

Cratichneumon brevipennis (Cresson)
Maine, N. H., Mass., R. I., Pa., Md., Va., Fla., Ont., Iowa, Mo., Colo.
Host: Faronta diffusa (Wlk.).
Ichneumon brevipennis Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 174. ♀.
Ischnus volens Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 192. ♂.

Ichneumon brevipennis var. obsoletus Riley, 1877. Mo. State Ent., Ann. Rpt. 9: 55. ♀.
Preocc. by Gmelin, 1790 and Fabricius, 1798; Heinrich (1961) erroneously stated that the
holotype is lost.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1959. Ent. News 70: 214 (syn.). —Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent.

Sup. 18: 170.

Cratichneumon broweri Heinrich
Maine.

Cratichneiimon broweri Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 998. ♀.

Cratichneumon carolinae Heinrich
N. C, Ga.

Cratichneumon carolinae Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 991. ♀.
citrinops kincaidi (Ashmead). Sask., Alaska. C. ciirinops citrinops (Wesmael) is European.

Ichneumon kincaidi Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 152. ♂.

Cratichneumon alaskensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 157. ♂.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1959. Ent. News 70: 213 (status).
duplicatus (Say). Mass. s. to Va., w. to Wis.

Ichneumon duplicatus Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 230. ♂.

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1951. In Muesebeck et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2:
288.

Cratichneumon erythroscuta Heinrich
Mass. Heinrich supposed that erythroscuta may prove to be the female
of C. vaccina Heinrich.
Cratichneumon erythroscuta Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 18: 142. ♀.

Cratichneumon expers Heinrich
N. C, n. Fla., Miss.

Cratichneumon expers Heinrich, 1972. Nat. Canad. 99: 178. ♂, ♀.

Cratichneumon expers circumflavidus Heinrich, 1972. Nat. Canad. 99: 180. ♀. N. syn.

Cratichneumon facetus (Cresson)
R. I. s. to N. C, w. to Mich, and Ky.

Ichneumon facetus Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 311. ♂.




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Cratichneumon ferrugops Heinrich
Que., Ont., Mich.

Cratichneunion ferrugops Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 18: 124. ♀.

Cratichneumon flaschkai Heinrich
Colo.

Cratichnennion flaschkai Heinrich, 1973. Nat. Canad. 100: 461, 463. ♂, ♀.

Cratichneumon flavipectus (Provancher)
Que. s. to Ga., w. to Mich, and Miss.

Cryptusflavipechifi Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11 (no. 125): 134. "♀"=♂.

Ichneumon pi/gmaeuft Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 350. ♀. Preocc. by
Poda, 1761."

Cratichneumon ericaeus Townes, 1944. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 335. N. name for I.
pygmaeus Davis.

Craficlineunion flavipectus mississippi Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 989. N. syn.

Cratichneumon floridensis Heinrich
Fla.

Cratichneumon floridensin Heinrich, 1972. Nat. Canad. 99: 181. ♂, ♀.

Cratichneumon fuscior Heinrich
Ga.

Cratichneunion fuxcior Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 996. ♀.

Cratichneumon georgius Heinrich
Southern Ga.

Cratichneunion georgius Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 995. ♀.

Cratichneumon horani Heinrich
Northern Fla., Miss.

Cratichneunion horani Heinrich, 1972. Nat. Canad. 99: 180. ♂, ♀.

Cratichneumon howdeni Heinrich
N. C.

Cratichneunion howdeni Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 18: 172. ♀.

Cratichneumon insulae Heinrich
R. I., N. J.

Cratichneunion inxulae Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 18: 151. ♀.

Cratichneumon involutus (Cresson)
Colo.

Ichneumon inrolutus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 183. ♀.

Cratichneumon naumanni Heinrich
Ga.

Cratichneniiion nau)nan)ii Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 994. ♀.
nigritarius acerbus (Cresson). Newfoundland (Labrador) s. to N. Y., w. to S. Dak. and Colo.
Host: Isturgia tru)icataria (Wlk.), Protoboarinia porcelaria (Gn.), Semiothisa
sexmaculata (Pack.). C. nigritarius nigritarius ((jravenhorst) is Eurasian.

Ichneu7non acerbus Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 293. ♂.

Ichneumon corvinus Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 145. ♀.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1953. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 43: 149-150.

Cratichneumon paraparatus Heinrich
N. Y., N. J., Md., N. C, S. C. Heinrich's description of paraparatus was
based upon 12 female specimens, apparently including the specimen ("neallotype") upon
which Heinrich (1961) based his description of what was presumed to be the female of
C. cinnulus (Cresson). Because the description of paraparatus was not accompanied by
the description of a female which could more definitely be associated with vinnulus
males, the status of the name paraparatus seems dubious.
Cratichneunion paraparatus Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 29: 869. ♀.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 18: 100, 138-140. —Heinrich, 1971. Nat.

Canad. 98: 988 (key including male thought possibly to be conspecific with paraparatus).

Cratichneumon paratus (Say)
Que. s. to Fla., w. to N. Dak. and Mo. Host: Lanibdina pellucidaria (G. and R.),
Heterocanipa guttivitta (Wlk.), H. nianteo (Dbidy.).

Ichneumon parata Say, 1829. Contrib. Maclurian Lyceum to Arts and Sci. 1: 68. ♂.

Ichneumon annulipes Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc 3: 170. ♀.

Ichneumon pusillus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc Phila., Proc 3: 171. ♀.

Cratichneunion paratus pseudovinnulus Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 18: 137.
i, 9. N. syn.

Cratichneumon pertenuis Heinrich
Maine, N. Y.

Cratichneumon pertenuis Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 18: 169. ♀.

Cratichneumon petulcus (Cresson)
Southern Calif.

Ichneumon petulcus Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 185. ♀.

Cratichneumon piceipes Heinrich
Que., Maine, Mich.

Cratichneumon piceipes Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 18: 130. ♂, ♀.




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Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 993.

Cratichneumon pilosulus (Provancher)
Newfoundland (insular), Que., Maine, N. H., Pa., Mich., S. Dak.

Ichneunion piloxulus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 25. ♀.

Cratichneumon popofensis Ashmead
Que., Alaska. Although this species was recorded from Que. by Townes
and Townes (1951), Heinrich (1961) did not mention the species in his revision of the
stenopneusticae of the Northeast. Ashmead appears to have correctly associated the
se.xes of popofen.'iis, and the suppression of popofensis as a synonym of yakutatensis
Ashmead by Heinrich (1959) appears to be incorrect.
Cratichneunion popofensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 159. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1951. U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 288. —Heinrich, 1959.
Ent. News 70: 214.

Cratichneumon promptus (Cresson)
Que., Maine, N. H., Man. Host: Protoboarmia porcelaria (Gn.).

Ichuentnoyi protnptus Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 152. ♂, ♀.

Cratichneumon proximus (Cresson)
N. Y. s. to Ala., w. to 111. Host: Syynmerista ca7iicosta Francl.
Ischnus proximus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 187. ♂.
Ichneumon sagus Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 294. 9 (male misdet.).

Cratichneumon pseudanisotae Heinrich
N. Y., N. J., Md.

Cratichneunion pseudanisotae Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 18: 133. ♀.

Cratichneumon pteridis Townes
Newfoundland (insular). Que., Maine, N. H., N. Y., Pa., Ont., Mich., Man.,
Alaska. Host: Ectropis crepuscularia (D. and S.), Protoboarynia porcelaria (Gn.),
Semiothisa sp., Heterocaynpa gnttivitta (Wlk.).
Phygadeuon proximus Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 283. ♀. Preocc. in Cratichneunion

by Cresson, 1864.
Cratich)ieu)non pteridis Townes, 1944. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 339. N. name for P.
proxi7nns Provancher.

Cratichneumon puncticoxa Heinrich
Que., Maine, Mass., N. Y., Pa., Mich.

Cratichneumon puncticoxa Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 18: 133. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 986 (amendments to description).

Cratichneumon remanens Heinrich
Maine, N. Y., Md., N. C, Ont.

Cratichneu)no)i re)nanens Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 18: 157. ♂.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 988 (inclusion in revised key).

Cratichneumon ritus Heinrich
Maine, Va., N. C, Ont., Mich., Ind., Iowa. Host: Phigalia titea (Cramer).

Cratichneunion ritus Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 18: 143. ♂, ♀.

Cratichneumon rubricoides Heinrich
Que., Maine, N. Y., N. C, Mich.

Cratichneumon rubricoides Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 18: 165. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 990-991 (additional differences from rubriciis
[Provancher]).

Cratichneumon rubricops Heinrich
Que., Maine, N. Y., Ont.

Cratichneumon rubricops Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 18: 167. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 988 (inclusion of male in revised key).

Cratichneumon rubricus (Provancher)
P. E. I., Que., Maine, N. Y., Mich.

Phygadeuon rubricus Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13 (no. 155): 335 (key); 13 (no. 156):
358. ♀.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 989 (inclusion of male in revised key).

Cratichneumon russatus (Cresson)
Colo., Ariz., Idaho, B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif. Townes (1961) said that

Cratichneumon russatus
***authority mismatch
is probably a synonym of astutus (Holmgren).
Ichneumon russatus Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 183. ♀.
Ichnetwion (Barichneunion) citrinifacialis Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 297. ♂.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc 63: 106.

Cratichneumon scitulus (Cresson)
Que. s. to Va., w. to 111.

Ischnus scitulus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 193. ♂.




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Ichneumon nanus Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. See, Trans. 4: 184. ♀. Preocc. by Ratzeburg,

1848.
AmbhjteleH nanodes Cushman, 1925. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 15: 388. N. name for /. nanus

Cresson.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 989 (inclusion of male in revised key).

Cratichneumon signatipes (Cresson)
Que. s. to D. C, w. to Kans. Townes and Townes (1951) said that

Cratichneumon signatipes
***authority mismatch
males had often been misidentified as C. duplicatus (Say), and Heinrich

(1961, 1962) erroneously suppressed signatipes as a synonym of C. w-albuni (Cresson)

(which see).
Ichneumon signatipes Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 308. ♀.
Ichneumon lobatun Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (1): 23 (key); 7 (3): 77. ♂.
Ichneumon/ (Sfiboscopufsf) oryxicornis Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 324. ♂.
Amblyteles {BarichneumonO duplicatiformis Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and

Nat. Hist. Survey, Bui. 22: 354, 360. ♂.

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1951. In Muesebeck et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2:
289. -Heinrich, 1961 (1960); 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 18: 126-130; 29: 868.

Cratichneumon suadus (Cresson)
Que., Maine, R. I., Conn., N. Y., Pa., Ont., Wis.

Ichneumon suadus Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 160. ♂.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 988 (inclusion of male in revised key).

Cratichneumon subfilatus Heinrich
Que. s. to N. C, w. to Mich. Host: Lambdina pellucidaria (G. and R.).

Cratichneumon subfilatus Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 18: 131. ♂, ♀.

Cratichneumon sublatus (Cresson)
Que. s. to Va., w. to 111. Host: Heterocampa biundata Wlk., H. guttivitfa
(Wlk.), Ht/dria pru)iii'orata (Ferg.).
Ischnus sublatus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 186. ♂.
Ich)ieu)non prams Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 151. ♀.

Biology: Patch, 1908. Maine Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 161: 340.

Cratichneumon takomae Heinrich
Southern Maine?, Md.

Cratichneunion takomae Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 18: 116. ♂.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 984.

Cratichneumon tyloidifer Heinrich
Maine, N. Y., N. J., Pa., Md., Va., N. C, Ont., Mich.

Cratichneumon tyloidifer Ueinrkh, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 18: 115. ♂.

Cratichneumon unifasciatorius (Say)
Que. w. to s. B. C, s. to Fla., Utah, and Oreg. Host: Orgyia antiqua (L.),
0. leucostign/a (J. E. S.), Hemileuca sp., Diacrista virginica (P.), Halisidota argentata
(Pack.), H. caryae (Harris), H. tesselaris (J. E. S.), Acronicta oblinita (J. E. S.).
Ichneumon unifasciatorius Say, 1825. Amer. Ent. 2: 48. ♂.

Ichneumon malacus Say, 1829. Contrib. Maclurian Lyceum to Arts and Sci. 1: 72. ♀.
Ichneumon niger Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 302. ♂, ♀.

Preocc by Gmelin, 1790 and Fabricius, 1798.
Ichneumon Afer Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc 3: 138. ♀.
Ichneumon scriptifrons Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 144. ♂.
Ichneumon Vancouverie7isis Provancher, 1885. Canad. Ent. 17: 114. ♂.
Ichneumon aterrimus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 30. ♀.
Preocc. by Foerster, 1771.

Cratichneumon vaccinii Heinrich
Que., Maine, Pa., Ont, Mich.

Cratichneunion mccinii Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 18: 141. ♂.

Cratichneumon valdefuscus Heinrich
N. Y. s. to n. Fla., w. to La.

Cratichneumon valdefuscus Heinrich, 1972. Nat. Canad. 99: 177. ♂, ♀.

Cratichneumon vescus (Provancher)
Que., Maine, N. H., Vt., N. Y., Pa., Ont., Mich., N. Mex., Alta., B. C. Host:
Protoboarniia porcelaria (Gn.).

Ichneumon vescus Provancher, 1877. Nat. Canad. 9: 9. ♂.

Cratichneumon vinnulus (Cresson)
Que. s. to N. C, w. to Wis. and Ky.

Ischnus vinnulus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 189. ♂.

Cratichneumon gracilior Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 18: 147. 9 (male misdet.).

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 29: 868 (syn.).




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Cratichneumon vockerothi Heinrich
N. H. Ecology: The holotype was collected on the summit of Mt.
Washington, N. H. (elevation 6100 to 6288 ft.).

Cratichneunion vockerothi Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 18: 158. ♀.

Cratichneumon w-album (Cresson)
Que. s. to Ga., w. to Wis. and Ala. Host: Heterocanipa guttivifta (Wlk.),
Dryocampa rubicunda rubicunda (F.). Heinrich (1959, 1961) erroneously applied the
name iv-albit)» to C. aignatipes (Cresson) because of the fact that Cresson's (1916)
lectotype for w-albuiii does not agree in decisive respects with the original description.
Although Cresson made no mention of variation to indicate that he used more than one
of his syntypes in writing his original description of w-albH))i, the fact that he had more
that one type-specimen is indicated by his statement: "Hab[itat]- Pennsylvania (C. A.
Blake); Delaware (Dr. Wilson); New Jersey (Cresson)." Unless it can be shown that
Cresson's (1916) lectotype from Pa. was not the specimen from C. A. Blake, there is no
basis for disregarding it as the legitimate lectotype. Although it is possible that
Cresson's lectotype is not one of the original syntypes, but instead a specimen aquired
later and used in making his 1867 expanded description of iv-albii»i, lack of agreement
with the original description is not proof of this.

Ischnus W-albunt Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 191. ♂.

Isclnius variegatus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 250. ♂.

Cratichneunion variegatiiH insigyiituN Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 985. ♂, ♀. N. syn.

Taxonomy: Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 309. —Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc,
Trans. 6: 179-180 (redescription based on specimens from Canada, N. H., and Mass.).
—Cresson, 1916. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 1: 63 (lectotype selection). —Heinrich, 1959. Ent.
News 70: 190. —Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 18: 122-124, 126-127, 129.

Cratichneumon yakutatensis Ashmead
Alaska.

Cratichneuvion yakutatensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 157. ♂.

Genus CRYPTEFFIGIES Heinrich

AcuUchneumon subg. Crypteffigies Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 17.
Type-species: Cratichneumon confusus Ashmead. Monotypic and orig. desig.

According to Heinrich (1969) Crypteffigies is Holarctic

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 18: 178-180. -Heinrich, 1969 (1968).
Synopsis and Reclassif. Ichneumoninae Stenopneusticae Africa So. of Sahara, v. 5, p. 1106.

Crypteffigies confusa (Ashmead)
Que., N. Y., Alaska, B. C.

Cratichneumon confusus Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc 4: 158. ♂.
Plectocryptus popofensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 183. ♀.
. Plectocryptus yakutatensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 183. ♀.

Crypteffigies megalura Heinrich
Maine, Ont. Specimens in the U. S. Natl. Museum collection appear to
indicate that viegalurus will not likely prove to be deserving of anything more than
suppression as a synonym of confusus.
AcuUchneumon (Crypteffigies) confusus 7)iegaluri(s Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent.
Sup. 18: 180, 205. 9. The alternate spelling "niogalnrus" appears on p. 205.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 1003-1004 (description of male and elevation to
species status).

Genus HOMOTHERUS Foerster

Homotherus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 185.

Type-species: Ichneumon locutor Thunberg. Monotypically included and desig. by
Perkins, 1960.

This is a small genus of Holarctic distribution.

Taxonomy: Perkins, 1960. Handb. Ident. Brit. Ins., v. 7, pt. 2 (aii), p. 153. —Heinrich, 1971.
Nat. Canad. 98: 1000 (key for some males).

Homotherus erythromelas (MacLachlan)
Northern N. W. T.; w. Greenland. Dr. W. R. M. Mason informed
me that there are specimens from Greenland in the Canadian National Collection, but




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none from Canada. The holotype, which is from northern Ellesmere Island is apparently
the only Canadian specimen known.
Ichne^imon enjtiironielas MacLachlan, 1879 (1878). Linn. Soc. Zool., Jour. 14: 106. ♀.

Ta.xonomy: Strand, 1905. Rpt. Second Norwegian Arctic Exped. in the "Fram" 1898-1902, no.

3, p. 6. —Roman, 1930. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 5: 282. -Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent.

Sup. 29: 871-872.

Homotherus magus (Wesmael)
Newfoundland (insular); Greenland; Europe.

Ichneumon magus Wesmael, 1855. [Brussels] Acad. Roy. de Belg., Bui. 22: 389. ♂, ♀.

Honiotherus uiagus nearcds Heinrich, 1976 (1975). Nat. Canad. 102: 753, 766. ♀. N. syn.
Based upon a single female from insular Newfoundland. The variant spelling
"nearcticus" which appears on p. 583 (French resume and English abstract) is here
rejected in favor of nearctis.

Phaeogenen nitidus Bridgman, 1886. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 34: 337. ♂.

Taxonomy: Roman, 1938. In Carpenter, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (11) 1: 538. —Perkins, 1953.

Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 3: 116, 134, 136. -Perkins, 1960. Handb. Ident. Brit. Ins.,

V. 7, pt. 2 (aii), p. 121, 138, 145, 147.

Homotherus porcelariae Heinrich
Newfoundland (Labrador), N. B., Maine, Ont., Mich., Man. Host:
Eufidonia notataria (Wlk.), Pwtoboaniiia porcelaria (Gn.), Sewiotliisa sp. '

Honiotherus porcelanae Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 18: 173.

Homotherus pseudoporcelariae Heinrich
Newfoundland (insular), Maine.

HoniotheruK pseudoporcelariae Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 1001. ♂, ♀.

Homotherus semiaoplus Heinrich
Newfoundland (insular), Que., Maine, W. Va., Mich.

Homotherns semiaoplus Heinrich, 1961 (1960. Canad. Ent. Sup. 18: 173. ♂, ♀.

Homotherus smileyi Heinrich
N. Y.

Homotherns smileyi Heinrich, 1968. Nat. Canad. 95: 717. ♂, ♀.

Homotherus townesi Heinrich
Newfoundland (insular), Que., Maine, N. Y., N. C, Ont, Mich.
Homotherns townesi Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 18: 175. ♂, ♀.

Genus EUPALAMUS Wesmael

Eupalamns Wesmael, 1845 (1844). [Brussels] Acad. Roy. de Belg., Nouveaux Mem. 18: 14.

Type-species: Eupala)nus oscillator 'Wesmael Monotypic.
Lagenesta Cameron, 1901. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 7: 376.

Type-species: Lagenesta ferrnginea Cameron. Monotypic.
Xestojoppa Cameron, 1901. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 7: 379.

Type-species: Xestojoppa olivacea Cameron. Monotypic.
Cosmiojoppa Cameron, 1902. Ztschr. System. Hym. Dipt. 2: 395.

Type-species: Cosmiojoppa violaceipennis Cameron. Monotypic.
Lynieria Cameron, 1904. Ztschr. System. Hym. Dipt. 4: 220.

Type-species: Lynteria violaceipennis Cameron. Monotypic. The type-species is a
synonym of £. cyanopteryx Townes, Townes, and Gupta.
Faesula Cameron, 1904. Ztschr. System. Hym. Dipt. 4: 338.

Type-species: Faesula maculata Cameron. Monotypic.
Mesophadnus Cameron, 1907. Tijdschr. v. Ent. 50: 75.

Type-species: Mesophadnus spiloptenis Cameron. Monotypic.

Taxonomy: Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 447 (syn.).

Eupalamus andersoni Heinrich
B. C.

Eupalanius andersoni Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 23: 385. ♀.

Eupalamus melacneme Heinrich
Que., Ont.

Eupalamns melacneme Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 23: 386. ♂, ♀.

Genus ANISOPYGUS Kriechbaumer

Anisopygus Kriechbaumer, 1888. Wien. Mus. der Naturgesch., Ann. 3: 36.
Type-species: Amblyteles pseudonymus Wesmael. Monotypic.




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Anisopygus americanus Heinrich
Newfoundland (insular) w. to s. B. C, s. to Maine, Wis., and Calif. Host:
Ichthyura apicalis Wlk.
AniftopyguH a}iiericanits Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 23: 379. ♂, ♀.
pseudonymus nearcticus Heinrich. Colo., Alta., B. C. Host: Notodontid. A. pseiidonymus

pseu(lo)iy)ni(s (Wesmael) is Eurasian. Heinrich's description of p. }iearcticHS seems to
indicate that the difference from the nominate form are so slight as to make the
distinction of dubious worth.
Anisopygus pseudonynius nearcticus Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 23: 378. ♂, ♀.

Genus MELANICHNEUMON Thomson

Melanichnemiion Thomson, 1893. Opusc. Ent. 18: 1954.

Type-species: IcInieiDiion spectabilis Holmgren. Desig. by Ashmead, 1900.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1972. Nat. Canad. 99: 201-203 (key to spp. of southeastern U. S.).

Melanichneumon absconditus (Provancher)
Newfoundland (insular), Maine, N. H., N. C.?, Mich., Colo., Alta.,
Wash.
Icluu'itinon abscondittia Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 31. ♂.

Melanichneumon disparilis (Cresson)
Maine s. to n. Fla., w. to Mich, and La.

Ichneumon disparilis Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 307. ♀.
Melanichnemnon disparilis flavidops Heinrich, 1972. Nat. Canad. 99: 203. ♂, ♀. N. syn.

Melanichneumon dreisbachi Heinrich
Maine, Mich.

Melanichneitnion (Mela)ticlineu))ton) dreisbachi Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 26: 585. ♂, ♀.

Melanichneumon flavicarina Heinrich
Que., Maine, Ont., Mich., Man. Host: Protoboarnna porcelaria (Gn.).

Melanichnemuon (Mela)iichneunion) flai'icarina Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 26: 594. ♂, ♀.
The variant spelling "flarocarina" is on p. 583, but Peck (1964) made the first
revisor decision in favor of flai'icarina.
Melanichneu)no)i flarocarinail) Heinrich, 1973. Nat. Canad. 100: 465.

Taxonomy: Peck, 1964. Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 35: 892.
foxlcei Heinrich. Southern B. C.

Melanichneitnion {Melanichnemnon) foxleei Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 26: 586. ♂.

Melanichneumon heiligbrodtii (Cresson)
Fla., Tex.; Mexico.

Ichneumon Heiligbrodtii Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 168. ♂.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 26: 597-598 (redescription of male). —Heinrich,
1972. Nat. Canad. 99: 202, 204, 207 (inclusion of both sexes in keys).

Melanichneumon honestus (Cresson)
Md. s. to Fla., w. to s. Mich, and La.

Ichneumon honestus Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 170. ♂.
Melanichiieumon honestus milleri Heinrich, 1972. Nat. Canad. 99: 205. ♂, ♀. N. syn.

Melanichneumon indecoratus Heinrich
P. E. L, Que., Maine, N. Y.?, Ont.

Melanichneumon {Melanichneumon) indecoratus Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 26: 589. ♂, ♀.

Melanichneumon leviculops Heinrich
Newfoundland (insular), Que., Maine, Ont.

Melanichneumon {Melanichneumon) leviculops Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 26: 600. ♀.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1976 (1975). Nat. Canad. 102: 767-768 (male described).

Melanichneumon leviculus (Cresson)
Que. s. to N. C, w. to Mich. Host: Coryphista meadi (Pack.).

Ichneumon leviculus Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 170. ♂.

Melanichneumon lissorufus Heinrich
Newfoundland (Labrador and insular). Que., Maine, N. Y., Ont., Mich.
Melanichneumon {Melanichneumon) lissorufus Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 26: 591. ♂, ♀.
Melanichneumon lissorufus radtkei Heinrich, 1976 (1975). Nat. Canad. 102: 768. 6, 9. N.
syn. Described from five specimens from one locality in insular Newfoundland.

Melanichneumon margaritae Heinrich
Tenn., Ark.

Melanichneu)non niargaritae Heinrich, 1973. Nat. Canad. 100: 464. ♂, ♀.




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Melanichneumon mystificans Heinrich
Ga.

MelanichneiOHon viyfitificana Heinrich, 1972. Nat. Canad. 99: 207. ♂, ♀.

Melanichneumon neoleviculops Heinrich
Maine, Ohio.

Melanichneunion neoleviculops Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 1015. ♂, ♀.

Melanichneumon pluto (Viereck)
revised status. N. Y., Ont., Mich., Ohio, N. Mex. The name piiito has been

erroneously suppressed in synonymy since 1944, most recently by Heinrich (1959, 1962),
who did not realize that Ich)teH))io)i iiigripes Provancher is preoccupied.
Ichneuiuon nigripes Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13 (no. 154): 310 (key); 13 (no. 155):

324. ♂. Preocc. by Gravenhorst, 1829.
Cmticlnieimion pluto Viereck, 1903. In Skinner, Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 79. ♂.
Aniblyteles ohioensis DeGant, 1933. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 82 (11): 1. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1944. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 325. —Heinrich, 1959. Ent. News 70:
212. -Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 26: 601-602.

Melanichneumon texanus (Cresson)
Maine, R. I., N. Y., Mich., Tex., Alta. Discovery of the female of this species
may show that it belongs in Vulgichnemnon instead oi Melanichneuvwn (see Heinrich,
1962).
Ichneumon texanus Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 159. ♂.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 26: 632-633.

Melanichneumon townesi Heinrich
R. I., N. Y., Mich.

Melanichneunion (Melanich7ieu)>io)i) townesi Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 26: 596. ♂, ♀.

Melanichneumon xanthogrammus (Ashmead)
Kans., Tex.

Ichneumon xanfhogramvnis Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 12: 390. ♂.

Genus BARICHNEUMON Thomson

Barichneumon Thomson, 1893. Opusc Ent. 18: 1959.

Type-species: Ichneumon anator Fabricius. Desig. by Ashmead, 1900.
Gurfyia Cameron, 1903. Ztschr. System. Hym. Dipt. 3: 178.

Type-species: Gurfyia albipilosa Cameron. Monotypic
Harsaces Cameron, 1903. Entomologist 36: 238.

Type-species: Harsaces nigripes Cameron. Monotypic.
Darpasus Cameron, 1904. Ztschr. System. Hym. Dipt. 4: 344.

Type-species: Darpasus pilosus Cameron. Monotypic.
Stictichneumon Cameron, 1905. Spolia Zeylanica (Ceylon Jour. Sci., Sect. B) 3: 105.

Type-species: Stictichneumon macariae Cameron. Monotypic.

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1966. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: 261 (generic syn.).
—Heinrich, 1972. Nat. Canad. 99: 184-190 (keys to spp. of e. N. Amer.).

Barichneumon anator (Fabricius)
Que. s. to Pa., w. to Minn, and 111.; Europe. Host: Ostrinia nnbilalis (Hbn.)?
Ichneumon anator Fabricius, 1793. Ent. System., v. 2, p. 169. Sex not indicated.
Ichneumon femoratorius Thunberg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem.

8: 253; 9: 289. [female].
Ichneumon bulimorius Thunberg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem. 8:

255; 9: 295. [female].
Ichneumon dealhafor Thunberg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem. 8:

272; 9: 341. Unnecessary n. name for /. anator Fabricius, which was not preocc. in

Ichneumo)i by Bracon anator Fabricius.
Ichneumon retusorius Thunberg, 1922; 1924. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem. 8:

278; 9: 355. [male].
Ichneumon held pes Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 310. ♂.
Phygadeuon niger Provancher, 1876. Nat. Canad. 8: 317. ♀. Preocc. by Provancher, 1874.
Phygadeuon afer (!) Provancher, 1878. Nat. Canad. 10: 299. Lapsus for P. niger

Provancher, 1876.
Phygadeuon electus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 51. "♀"=♂.




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Taxonomy: Roman, 1912. Zool. Bidr. Uppsala 1: 240, 249, 255, 277 (syn.). — Heinrich, 1953.
Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 43: 149. -Heinrich, 1959. Canad. Ent. 91: 806. —Heinrich, 1962.
Canad. Ent. Sup. 26: 621-622.

Barichneumon archboldi Heinrich
Fla.

Barichneumon archboldi Heinrich, 1972. Nat. Canad. 99: 196. cJ, 9.

Barichneumon californicus Heinrich
Calif.; Hawaii.

Barichneumon califoniicus Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 1013. ♀.

Barichneumon carolinensis Heinrich
N. C, Ga., Fla., La.

Barichneumon carolinensis Heinrich, 1972. Nat. Canad. 99: 199. ♂, ♀.

Barichneumon crassipunctus Heinrich
Ga.

Barichneumon crassipunctus Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 1009. ♀.

Barichneumon danieli Heinrich
N. Y.

Barichueumon danieli Heinrich, 1972. Nat. Canad. 99: 200. ♂.

Barichneumon excelsior (Heinrich)
Que., Maine, Va., Ont., Mich., Ky.

Melanichneumon (Barichneumon) excelsior Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 26: 627. ♀.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 1005-1006 (male described).

Barichneumon flaviscuta Heinrich
Ga., Miss.

Barichneumon flaviscuta Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 1007. ♂, ♀.

Barichneumon floridanus Heinrich
Fla.

Barichneumon floridanus Heinrich, 1972. Nat. Canad. 99: 198. ♂, ♀.

Barichneumon fuscosignatus Heinrich
Ga., Fla., Miss., La.

Barichneumon fnscosignatus Heinrich, 1972. Nat. Canad. 99: 197. ♂, ♀.

Barichneumon libens (Cresson)
Maine s. to s. Fla., w. to Mich., Ill, and La.

Ichneumon libens Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 181. ♂.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1972. Nat. Canad. 99: 194.

Barichneumon neosorex Heinrich
Ga., Fla., Miss., La.

Barichneumon neosorex Heinrich, 1972. Nat. Canad. 99: 195. ♂, ♀.

Barichneumon peramoenus
***authority mismatch
calliandros Heinrich. Fla.

Barichneumon peramoenus calliandros Heinrich, 1972. Nat. Canad. 99: 193. ♂, ♀.

Barichneumon peramoenus
***authority mismatch
peramoenus (Heinrich). Que. s. to Ga., w. to Mich, and La.

Melanichneumon peramoenus Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 26: 631. 6. Heinrich was
uncertain as to the subgeneric placement of this species.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1972. Nat. Canad. 99: 192-193 (female described).

Barichneumon seticornutus Heinrich
Ga.

Barichneumon seticornutus Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 1011. ♂, ♀.

Barichneumon sorex (Heinrich)
Que. s. to Ga., w. to Mich. Heinrich (1972) said that sorex is "probably [a]

synonym or subspecies of libeyis [(Cresson)]," and that the allotype male may actually be
B. sphageti Heinrich.
Melanichneumon (Barichneumon) sorex Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 26: 624. 9 (6
misdet.?).
Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1972. Nat. Canad. 99: 186, 190, 191, 194.

Barichneumon soror (Cresson)
Que. s. to Del., w. to Mich.

Ichneumon soror Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 185. ♀.

Ichneumon bimaculatus Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 357.

S. Preocc. by Schrank, 1776; Gmelin, 1790; Christ, 1791; and Fabricius, 1793.
Ichneumon bimacularis Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 863. N. name for /.
bimaculatus Provancher.

Barichneumon sphageti Heinrich
Maine, N. Y., Miss. Ecology: The holotype was collected in a spruce (Picea
mariana) bog.
Barichneumon sphageti Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 1008. ♀.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1972. Nat. Canad. 99: 194-195.




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Genus VULGICHNEUMON Heinrich

Melanichneunion subg. V idgichneumon Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 17.
Type-species: IcInieiDiion brevicinctor Say. Monotypic and orig. desig.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1968 (1967). Synopsis and Reclassif. Ichneumoninae Stenopneusticae
Africa So. of Sahara, v. 3, p. 615-616 (placement in Pterocormina [=Ichneumonina sensu
Heinrich]). —Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 1014 (placement in Gyrodontina
(=Cratichneumonina]).

Vulgichneumon albomarginatus (Cresson)
Que., Maine, N. H., Vt., N. Y., N. J., Ont., Mich., Ohio, Ind., Miss.

IcInieiuHOH (ilboniargiiiatua Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 297. ♂.

Vulgichneumon brevicinctor (Say)
Que. w. to B. C, s. to Fla., Tex., and Calif. Host: Achatodes zeae (Harris),
Bleptina sp., Cullopistria floridennis (Gn.), La.scoria ay)ibigualis (Wlk.), Macronodua
otiusta (Grt.), Plathypeua licabra (F.), Pseudaletia unipiincta (Haw.), Trichophisia ni
(Hbn.), Ostritiia nnbilali.s (Hbn.), Hyphantria cunea (Drury).
Idtneumon brevicinctor Say, 1825. Amer. Ent. 2: 49. ♂.
IchneuniOH extreniatis Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 149. ♀.
Ichneumon extreniatatis (!) Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 290.
Phygadeuon niger Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 280. ♀.

Vulgichneumon heleiobatos (Porter)
N. J., Mich. Ecology: This species has been collected only in and around
swamps where the vegetation was predominantly grasses interspersed with Salix
bushes.
MelauiclnieiDnon {Viilgiclineunio)i) heleiobatos Porter, 1964. Psyche 71: 130. ♂, ♀.

Vulgichneumon mimicus (Cresson)
Newfoundland (insular). Que., Maine, Mass., Conn., N. Y., Mich., S. Dak.,
Idaho, Oreg.
Ichneu»no)i )ni)iiicHs Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 300. ♂.

Vulgichneumon phaeogenops Heinrich
N. C, Fla., Miss.

VjilgichneiDiion phaeogenops Heinrich, 1972. Nat. Canad. 99: 209. cJ, 9.

Vulgichneumon saevus (Cresson)
Maine, N. Y., R. I., 111.

Ichneumon saecus Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 296. ♀.

Vulgichneumon subcyaneus (Cresson)
Que. s. to Ga., w. to B. C. and Calif.; Mexico? Host: Diacrisia virginica
(F.), Hyphantria cunea (Drury), Tyria jacobaeae (L.).

Ichneumon puUatus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 146. ♂.

Ichneumon cordatus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 146. ♂. N. syn.

Ichnetimon subcyaneus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc Phila., Proc. 3: 148. ♀.

Ichneumon solitus Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 144. ♀. N. syn.

Ichneumon odiosus Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 145. ♂. N. syn.

Ichneumon neutralis Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 149. ♂. N. syn.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1959. Ent. News 70: 212. — Townes and Townes, 1966. Amer. Ent. Inst.,
Mem. 8: 264 (oversight of Heinrich [1959]).

Vulgichneumon terminalis (Cresson)
Que. s. to N. C, w. to Minn, and Mo.

Ichneumon terminalis Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 184. ♀.

Ichneumon finitini us Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 302. "♀"=♂.

Mesostenus apicalis Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 266. ♂.

Phygadeuon brevicaudus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 54. ♀.
Melanichneu)uo)t (Vulgichneujuon) terminalis carolinensis Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent.
Sup. 26: 619. ♀. N. syn.

Vulgichneumon zebratus (Cresson)
N. Y. w. to s. B. C, s. to Ga., Tex., and Calif. Host; Prochoerodes forficaria
(Gn.).
Ichneumon zebratus Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 299. ♀.

Genus RICHTICHNEUIVION Heinrich, n. status?

Melanichneunion subg. Richtichneumon Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 17.
Type-species: Ichneumon residuus Say. Monotypic and orig. desig.




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belfragei (Cresson), n. comb. La., Tex., e. Wyo., s. w. Utah. The discovery of two females in the
collection of the U. S. Natl. Museum shows that this species should be removed from
Melanichneunion (see Heinrich, 1959) and placed in Richtichneumon by virtue of
general agreement with Heinrich's definition of the latter.

Ichneumon Belfragei Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. See, Trans. 4: 156. ♂.
residuus (Say). Mass. s. to Md., w. to N. Dak. and Kans. Host: Alsophila pometaria (Harris).

Ichneinnon residuus Say, 1829. Contrib. Maclurian Lyceum to Arts and Sci. 1: 73. ♀.

Ichneumon utilis Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 311. ♂.

Platylabus {Colocnema?) omniferrugineus Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19:
322. ♀.

Taxonomy: Cushman and Gahan, 1921. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 23: 167.

virginicus (Cresson). W. Va.

Ichneumon virginicus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 165. ♂.
Ichneumon omatipes Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 294. ♂.

Genus STENOBARICHNEUMON Heinrich

Stenobarichneumon Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 16.

Type-species: Ichneumon citator Thunberg. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is a small genus of Holarctic and Neotropic distribution.

Stenobarichneumon agitator Heinrich
Que., Maine, Ont., Mich.

Stenobarichneumon agitator Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 26: 639. ♂, ♀.

Stenobarichneumon duplicans Heinrich
Maine.

Steywbarichneumon duplicans Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 26: 638. ♂, ♀.

Stenobarichneumon melanocephalus Heinrich
Newfoundland (insular).

Stenobarichneumon melanocephalus Heinrich, 1976 (1975). Nat. Canad. 102: 770. ♂.

Stenobarichneumon pergracilis Heinrich
Newfoundland (insular). Que., Maine, Ont., Mich.

Stenobarichiieumon pergracilis Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 26: 635. ♂, ♀.

Stenobarichneumon pygmaeops Heinrich
Newfoundland (insular). Que., Maine, Ont., Mich.

Stenobarichneumon pygnmeops Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 26: 637. ♂, ♀.
Stenobarichneumon pygmaeops insulanus Heinrich, 1976 (1975). Nat. Canad. 102: 771. ♂, ♀. N. syn.
The specimens in the type series, which are from two localities in insular
Newfoundland, were described as showing, "on the average, a markedly increased
melanism in comparison with populations from the type locality ([Dryden], Maine)."

Stenobarichneumon saundersi (Cresson)
Que., Maine, N. Y., Alta.

Ichneumon Saundersi Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 141 (key), 177, 211 (index). ♂.
The spelling Saundersii appears on pages 177 and 211, but Walkley (1958) appears to have chosen the alternate spelling Sauiidersi.

Taxonomy: Walkley, 1958. In Krombein et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, sup. 1, p. 49.

Genus MENKOKIA Heinrich

Melanichneunion subg. Menkokia Heinrich, 1934. Berlin Zool. Mus., Mitt. 20: 209.
Type-species: Melanichneunion {Menkokia) major Heinrich. Orig. desig.

This genus is Oriental and Nearctic Heinrich (1969, 1971) placed the genus in the Pterocor-
mina, but I doubt that he is correct.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1969 (1968). Synopsis and Reclassif. Ichneumoninae Stenopneusticae
Africa So. of Sahara, v. 5, p. 1147. -Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 971-973.

Menkokia blandii (Cresson)
N. Y. s. to N. C, w. to Mich., Kans., and Ark.
Ischnus blandii Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc Phila., Proc 3: 188. ♂.

Genus RUBICUNDIELLA Heinrich

Rubicundiella Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 15.

Type-species: Ichneumon mucronatus Provancher. Monotypic and orig. desig.




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Rubicundiella annulicornis (Ashmead)
N. J., Ga., Fia., Mich, La. Host: Plathypena scabra (F.), Hellula
rogatalis (Hulst), Herpetograinma sp., Udea ntbigalis (Gn.).
ColpognathuH annulicornis Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 396. ♀.

Rubicundiella blanchardi (Davis)
Que., Maine, N. H., Mass., Mich.

Ichneumon blanchardi Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 350. ♀.
Ichneumon blanchardii Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 865. Emend.

Rubicundiella deuteromelas Heinrich
Maine, Mich., Yukon.

Rubicundiella deuteromelas Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 26: 573. ♂.

Rubicundiella mucronata (Provancher)
Que., Md., Kans.

Ichneumon mucronatus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (1): 24 (key); 7 (3): 81. "♀"=♂.

Rubicundiella perturbatrix Heinrich
Maine w. to Oreg., s. to Ga., s. Tex., and Calif.; Bermuda; Hawaii. Host:
Ostrinia nubilalis (Hbn.), Macronoctua onusta Grt., Spodoptera exigua (Hbn.).
Ichneumon rubicundus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 176. ♀. Preocc. by

Geoffroy, 1785.
Rubicundiella perturbatrix Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 26: 577. N. name for /.

rubicundus Cresson.
Rjibicundiella perturbans(l) Heinrich, 1972. Nat. Canad. 99: 195.

Biology: Wishart, 1949 (1948). Canad. Ent. 80: 118-137.

Rubicundiella simplicior Heinrich
Southern Sask., s. w. B. C, w. Oreg. Host: Fishia discors (Grt.), Heliothis
oninis (D. and S.), Synanthedon bibionipennis (Bdv.).
Rubicundiella simplicior Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 26: 575. ♂, ♀.

Genus LIMONETHE Townes

Linionetlie Townes, 1946. Bol. Ent. Venezolana 5: 56.

Type-species: Ichneumon insolois Cresson. Orig. desig.

Limonethe maurator
***authority mismatch
(BruUe). Que. s. to Fla., w. to Minn, and Tex.

Joppa maurator Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 287. ♂, ♀.
Ichneumon insolens Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 302. ♂, ♀.
Joppa Canadensis Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 336. ♀.
Tetragonochora mauratrix Schulz, 1906. Spolia Hym., p. 129. Emend.

Genus CARINODES Hancock

Carinodes Hancock, 1926. Entomologist 59: 189.

Type-species: Carinodes spinosus Hancock. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Ditremops Townes, 1946. Bol. Ent. Venezolana 5: 52.

Type-species: Ichneumon abjectus Cresson. Orig. desig.

This is a very large genus. Except for the two species with ranges that extend into the United
States, Carinodes is Neotropic.

Taxonomy: Walkley, 1958. In Krombein et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, Sup. 1, p.
48-49 (syn.). — Fitton, 1975. Studia Ent. 18: 381 (holotype of C. spinosus Hancock found).

Carinodes albipectus (Brulle)
Fla.; Cuba, Jamaica.

Ichneumon albipectus Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 306. ♂.
Ichneumon btii-rus Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 14. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1966. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: 255 (syn.).

Carinodes havanensis (Cameron)
Fla.; Cuba, Puerto Rico, St. Croix. Host: Anticarsia gemmatalis Hbn.
The host record pertains to a Cuban specimen in the U. S. Natl. Museum collection.
Ichneumond) haranoisis Cameron, 1906. Cuba, Estac. Expt. Agron., Informe, p. 277. ♂.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1937. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 20: 262.

Genus AOPLUS Tischbein

Aoplus Tischbein, 1874. Stettin. Ent. Ztg. 35: 137.

Type-species: Aoplus inermis Tischbein. Monotypic.
Trachichneumon Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 645.

Type-species: Ichneumon confinnatus Cresson. Monotypic and orig. desig.




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Aoplus cestus (Cresson)
Idaho, B. C, Wash., Oreg. Host: Lambdi7ia fiscellaria iugubrosa (Hulst),
Melanolophia iviitata (Wlk.).
Ichneuhion cestus Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 182. ♀.
Platylabus opacitus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 353. ♂.

Aoplus confirmatus (Cresson)
Que. s. to Ga., w. to Colo.

Ichneumon confirmatus Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 178. ♀.
Pkygadeuon potens Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 47. ♀.
Phygadeuon jocosus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 53. ♀.
This name was based upon the same type-specimen or specimens as was P. potens
Provancher, the latter being the name Provancher used in his key.

Aoplus groenlandicus (Lundbeck)
Greenland.

Ichneuvion grooilandicus Lundbeck, 1897 (1896). Dansk Naturhist. For. Kjobenhavn,
Vidensk. Meddel., p. 223. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 108 (generic placement).

Aoplus limbatae Heinrich
Mich., B. C. Host: Ne)iiotoco))ipo filia))ie)itaria Gn.

Aoplus liwbatae Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 26: 542. ♂, ♀.

Aoplus mathewi (Cameron)
Southwestern B. C.

Iclniennioii iiiatheivi Cameron, 1907. Entomologist 40: 277. ♂.

Aoplus melanisticus Heinrich
Ont., Yukon.

Aoplus melanisticus Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 26: 547. ♀.

Aoplus moilietti Heinrich
Alta. Host: Enypia griseata Grossb.

Aoplus moilietti Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 26: 544, 671. 9. The name is a mispelling
of a host name now in synonymy with E. griseata; the name appears as "nioiletti
Cress." on p. 671 (index).

Aoplus monotonus Heinrich
Colo., Alta., B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif. Host: Geometrid on Polygonum .
Aoplus ))io)ioto)ius Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 26: 548. cJ, 9.

Aoplus ochropis
***authority mismatch
coloradensis Heinrich. Newfoundland (insular). Que., Colo., Alta.

Aoplus ochropis coloradoisis Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 26: 556. ♂, ♀.

Aoplus ochropis
***authority mismatch
ochropis (Gmelin). Alaska; Eurasia.

Ichneumon ochropis Gmelin, 1790. In Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 13, p. 2679. Sex not

indicated.
Melanichneumon seldoviae Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 155. ♂.

Aoplus permutabilis Heinrich
Newfoundland (insular), s. to Md., w. to Mich, and Mo.

Aoplus permutabilis permutabilis Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 26: 541. ♂, ♀.
Aoplus penuutabilis leucorbis Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 26: 542. ♀.

Aoplus pseudovelox Heinrich
Que., Maine, N. H., N. Y., Pa., Ont., Mich., Alta.

Aoplus pseudovelox Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 26: 556. ♂, ♀.

Aoplus rarior Heinrich
Que., Ont.

Aoplus rarior Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 26: 546. ♀.
ruficeps sitkensis (Ashmead). Newfoundland (insular) w. to Alaska, s. to Maine, Mich., Colo.,
and Wash. Host: Macaria sp., Rheumaptera hastata (L.). A. ruficeps ruficeps
(Gravenhorst) is Eurasian.
Ichneumon mgans Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (1): 22 (key); 7 (2): 51. 6. N. syn.;

preocc. by Olivier, 1792.
Ichneumon sitke)isis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc 4: 152. ♂.
Ichneumon simulator Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 153. 6. Uncertain syn.;
preocc. by Olivier, 1792.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1959. Ent. News 70: 211 (syn.).

Aoplus thujarum Heinrich
Que., Ont.

Aoplus thujarum Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 26: 543. ♀.

Aoplus torpidus (Wesmael)
Newfoundland (insular). Que., Maine, Ont, Mich., Alta.; Europe.
Ichneumon torpidus Wesmael, 1857. [Brussels] Acad. Roy. de Belg., Bui. 24: 385. ♀.




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Aoplus velox (Cresson)
Newfoundland (insular) w. to Alaska, s. to Pa., 111., Colo., and Calif. Host:
La)ubdina ferviduria atha.saria (Wlk.), L.fiscellaria fiscellaria (On.), L.fiscellaria
Ingubwaa (Hulst), Nepi/tia canosaria (Wlk.)., S>j»iniei-i.sta leucitys Francl.

IcIineiDimn relax Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 185. ♀.

IcIineiiiiioH puerili-s Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 296. ♂.

Iclnieumon wellicoxtin Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (1): 21 (key); 7 (2): 48. ♂.

PhygadeuoH apicafim Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (6): 180. ♀.

Pliijgadeuon crea.ioni Provancher, 1876. Nat. Canad. 8: 318. ♀.

IcInieiDiioii occidentalix Harrington, 1894. Canad. Ent. 26: 210. ♀.

Biology: Schedl, 1931. Ztschr. f. Angew. Ent. 8: 270-273.

Genus HEMIHOPLIS Heinrich

He)iiihopli.s Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 15.

Type-species: HoplimiieiiKs teres Swift. Monotypic and orig. desig.

Hemihoplis teres (Swift)
N. Y. s. to Fla., w. to Mich., 111., and La. Host: Precis lari)tia Cr.
Hoplisiiieiius teres Swift, 1946. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 39: 409.

Genus PLATYLABOPS Heinrich

Plattjiabops Heinrich, 1950. Naturw. Mus. Aschaffenburg, Mitt. d. Sammelstelle f.
Schmarotzerbestimmung 27: 4.

Type-species: Platt/labops liifizi Heinrich. Monotypic.

This is a small Holarctic genus.

apricus nearcticus Heinrich. Maine, N. Y. P. apricus apricus (Gravenhorst) is European.

Platylabops apricus Hearcticiis Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 26: 648. ♂, ♀.

Platylabops eupitheciarum Heinrich
Alta., B. C. Host: Enpithecia ornata (Hulst), E. placidata Tay., E.
unicolor (Hulst).

Platylabops eupitheciarnn/ Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 26: 648. ♂.

Platylabops fraterculus Heinrich
Newfoundland (insular), Maine, Vt., N. Y.

Platylabops fratercultis Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 26: 644. ♂, ♀.

Platylabops holoerythrus Heinrich
Newfoundland (insular), B. C. Host: Enpithecia transcanadata MacK.

Platylabops holoerythrus Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 26: 645. ♀.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1976 (1975). Nat. Canad. 102: 771-772 (male described).

Platylabops leucopsis (Ashmead)
Wash., Oreg., Calif. According to Riley and Howard (1890), the holotype
was reared from a "Tortricid pupa on oak."
Ichneumon leucopsis Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 391. ♂.

Biology: Riley and Howard, 1890. U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 3: 152.

Platylabops novaescotiae Heinrich
Newfoundland (insular), N. S. Heinrich (1976) made a subspecific
distinction between the two specimens from which this species is known.
Platylabops pecki novaescotiae Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 26: 643. ♀.
Platylabops novascotiaeV.) Peck, 1964. In Heinrich, Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 35: 918.
Platylabops novaescotiae nigrinionbris Heinrich, 1976 (1975). Nat. Canad. 102: 773. 9. N.
syn.

Platylabops pecki Heinrich
Sask.

Platylabops peck-i pecki Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 26: 642. ♂, ♀.

Ta.xonomy: Heinrich, 1976 (1975). Nat. Canad. 102: 773.

Unplaced Taxa of Gyrodontina

Ichneumon limbifrons Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 182. 6. Colo.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1944. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 326.
Ichneunion pectoralis Say, 1829. Contrib. Maclurian Lyceum to Arts and Sci. 1: 72. ♂.

Southwestern Ind. Heinrich (1961) misinterpreted Say's use of the term pectus. In his
writings on Hymenoptera, Say used both the terms pectus and postpectus, and it




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consequently seems evident that his usage of pectus is essentially synonymous with
mesosternum. In his statement that the pectus of pectoralis is "black with a large
yellow spot between the intermediate and posterior feet," Say presumably intended to
write: intermediate and anterior feet.

Taxonomy: Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 231 (coloration of propodeum). — Cushman
and Gahan, 1921. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 23: 166. — Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup.
18: 172-173.
Ichneumon vultus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 165. cJ. Colo.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1944. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 332.

Subtribe AMBLYTELESINA

All available evidence seems to indicate that the females of species in this subtribe oviposit
into the host larva rather than the pupa. In some of the genera, inseminated adult females are
apparently the only overwintering life stage.

Genus ECTOPIMORPHA Viereck

Ectopiviorpha Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 589

Type-species: Ichjietimon anceps Cresson. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This genus is apparently restricted to the Nearctic Region.

Ectopimorpha boops Heinrich
Calif.

Ectopimorplia boops Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 23: 494. ♂.

Ectopimorpha californica Heinrich
Calif.

Ectopimorpha californica Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 23: 486. ♀.
hiuica (Cresson). B. C. Known only from the holotype which, according to Cresson (1879), was
collected at "Lake Lahache" (i.e. Lac la Hache), B. C.

Amblyteles hiulcus Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 172. "♂"=♀.

Taxonomy: Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 355-356.

Ectopimorpha hiulcops Heinrich
Sask., B. C.

Ectopimorpha hiulcops Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 23: 486. ♀.

Ectopimorpha indemnis (Cresson)
Sask., B. C.

Ichneumon indemnis Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 172. "♂"=♀.

Ectopimorpha limerodops Heinrich
Calif.

Ectopimorpha li)}ierodops Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 23: 487. ♀.

Ectopimorpha luperinae Cushman
Newfoundland (insular), Maine, Mass., N. Y., Mich., Ohio, Iowa, Sask.?
Host: Luperina stipata (Morr.).

Ectopimorpha luperinae Cushman, 1931. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 79 (14): 1. ♂, ♀.

Biology: Decker, 1930. Iowa Agr. Expt. Sta., Res. Bui. 125: 159. —Decker, 1935. Iowa State
Col. Jour. Sci. 9: 571.

Ectopimorpha scibilis (Cresson)
111.

Ichneumon scibilis Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 183. ♂.

Ectopimorpha utahensis Heinrich
Utah.

Ectopimorpha utahensis Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 23: 493. ♂.

Ectopimorpha wilsoni (Cresson)
Que. s. to Ga., w. to Iowa and Mo.

Ischnus u'ilsoni Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc 3: 188. ♂.

Ichneumon anceps Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 309. 9, "6" = 9. Preocc. by
Villers, 1789.

Ichneumon wilsoni i Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 1017. Emend.

Genus EXEPHANES Wesmael

Exephanes Wesmael, 1845 (1844). [Brussels] Acad. Roy. de Belg., Nouveaux Mem. 18: 17.

Type-species: Ichneumon hilaris Gravenhorst. Desig. by Ashmead, 1900.
Octatonius Tischbein, 1881. Stettin. Ent. Ztg. 42: 186.




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Type-species: Octatonms tricolor Tischbein. Monotypic. The type-species is
regarded as a synonym of E . femoralis Brischke.

Heinrich (1976) placed Exepltanes in the Pterocormina, but did not indicate his rationale for
doing so.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1976 (1975). Nat. Canad. 102: 763.

Exephanes californicus Heinrich
Colo., Utah, Ariz., Calif.

Exephanes californicus Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 23: 480. cJ, 9.

Exephanes subfulvus (Cresson)
Que.?, Sask., Colo., Alta.

Ichneumon subfulvus Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 258. ♀.

Exephanes terminalis (Provancher)
Newfoundland (insular). Que., Maine, Conn., Ont., Mich., Minn., s. N.
W. T., Colo.
Phygadeuon temiinalis Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 284. ♀.
Ichneumon caudafus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (1): 24 (key); 7 (3): 82. ♀.
Ichneumon pomilius Provancher, 1877. Nat. Canad. 9: 9. ♂.

Phygadeuon Geddessii Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 54. ♀.
Amblyteles Cookii Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 392. ♀.
Exephanes terminalis immaculatus Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 23: 479. S, 9. N.
syn.

Genus LIMERODOPS Heinrich

Limerodops Heinrich, 1949. Muenchner Ent. Gesell., Mitt. 35-39: 44.

Type-species: Amblyteles subsericans var. elongatus Brischke? Monotypic and, in
part, orig. desig. Heinrich's original designation was "Amblyteles elongatus
Brischke = A. subsericans Gr[avenhorst] partim = A. fossorius L[innaeus] (nach
Roman [1932])." See discussion of type-species of Probolus.

This is a small genus of Holarctic distribution.

Taxonomy: Roman, 1932. Ent. Tidskr. 53: 6. —Heinrich, 1953. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 43: 150.
—Perkins, 1953. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 3: 106. — Townes, Momoi, and Townes,
1965. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 503.

Limerodops belangeri (Cresson)
N. S. w. to Alaska, s. to N. Y., Mich., Colo., Wash. Host: Euxoa divergens
(Wlk.).
Amblyteles Belangeri Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 190. ♀.
Cry plus dubius Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 71. "♂"=♀.
Preocc. by Taschenberg, 1865.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1953. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 43: 150.

Limerodops mariannae Heinrich
N. S., Maine, Mass., Ont., Mich.

Limerodops mariannae Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 23: 383. ♂, ♀.

Genus NEAMBLYMORPHA Heinrich

Neamblymorpha Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 19.

Type-species: Ichneumon milvus Cresson. Monotypic and orig. desig.

A single species is known.

Neamblymorpha milva (Cresson)
Newfoundland (insular) s. to N. C, w. to Mich.

Ichneumon (Ichneumon) milvus Harris, 1835. In Hitchcock, Rpt. Geol. Mineral. Bot. Zool.

Mass., Ed. 2, p. 585. Nomen nudum.
Ichneumon milvus Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 305. ♂.
Ichneumon Clopini Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 250. ♂.

Genus EUTANYACRA Cameron

Eutanyacra Cameron, 1903. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 51: 227.

Type-species: Eutanyacra pallidicoxis Cameron. Monotypic.

This large genus is Neotropic, Holarctic, and Oriental.




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Eutanyacra chillcotti Heinrich
Northern Que., N. W. T.

Eutanyacra chillcotti Heinrich, 1956. Canad. Ent. 88: 478. ♂, ♀.

Eutanyacra consignata (Cresson)
Maine. Mass., N. Y., N. J., Md., W. Va., Ohio, Wis., 111., Kans.

Ichneumon consignatus Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 298. ♂.

Eutanyacra hiemans Heinrich
Que., Maine, Pa., Ont., Ohio, Mich.

Eutanyacra hiemans Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 23: 436. ♀.

Eutanyacra improvisa (Cresson)
N. S. s. to Md., w. to B. C. and Oreg. Host: Anomogyna perquiritata
(Morr.), Ceramica picta (Harris).

Ichneummi improvisus Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 296. ♂.

Amblyteles tetricus Provancher, 1877. Nat. Canad. 9: 10.
Eutanyacra improvisa columbiana Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 23: 428. ♂, ♀. N. syn.

Eutanyacra melanotarsis Heinrich
Fla., La.

Eutanyacra melanotarsis Heinrich, 1972. Nat. Canad. 99: 173, 176. cJ, 9. I here reject the
alternate spelling nigritarsis which appears on p. 173 (abstract).

Eutanyacra miraculosa Heinrich
Maine.

Eutanyacra miraculosa Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 23: 434. ♀.

Eutanyacra munifica (Cresson)
N. S. s. to Va., w. to Sask.

Ichneumon nobilis Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 155. ♂. Preocc. by Wesmael,

1857.
Ichneumon munificus Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 290. N. name for /. nobilis

Cresson.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 979-980.

Eutanyacra perannulata (Hopper)
Que., Maine, N. Y., Pa., W. Va.

Amblyteles perannulatus Hopper, 1938. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 64: 98. ♀.

Eutanyacra pycnopus Heinrich
D. C, Ont., Ohio, Iowa, Ark.

Eutanyacra pycnopus Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 23: 435. ♂, ♀.

Eutanyacra saguenayensis (Provancher)
Que., Maine, Mich.

Ichneumon saguenayeiisis Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p.
356. ♂.

Eutanyacra solitaria Heinrich
Que., Maine, N. Y., Ont., Mich.

Eutanyacra solitaria Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 23: 442. ♂, ♀.

Eutanyacra succincta (BruUe)
N. Y. s. to Tenn., w. to S. Dak. and Colo. Host: "Amathes c-nigrum (L.)."

Ichneumon succinctus Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 301. ♂.

Ichneumon sandix Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 174. ♀.

Eutanyacra suturalis (Say)
Newfoundland (Labrador) w. to N. W. T. and B. C, s. to N. J., Iowa, Colo., and
Calif. Host: Actebia fennica (Tausch.).

Ichneumon {Ichneumon) suturalis Harris, 1835. In Hitchcock, Rpt. Geol. Mineral. Bot.
Zool. Mass., Ed. 2, p. 585. Nomen nudum.

Ichneumon suturalis Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 226. ♀.

Ichneumon Grotei Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 154. ♂.

Ichneumon propinquus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 172. ♀.

Morphology: Peck, 1937. Canad. Jour. Res., Sect. D (Zool. Sci.) 15: 246, 251.

Eutanyacra trivittata Heinrich
Que.

Eutanyacra trivittata Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 23: 448. ♂, ♀.

Eutanyacra valdenigra Heinrich
Northern Que.

Eutanyacra valdenigra Heinrich, 1958. Canad. Ent. 90: 740. ♂.

Eutanyacra validiceps Heinrich
Que., Maine, Ont., Mich.

Eutanyacra validiceps Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 23: 443. ♂, ♀.

Eutanyacra vilissima Heinrich
Que., Maine, Mass., N. Y., Md., W. Va., Ont., Mich.

Eutanyacra vilissiina vilissima Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 23: 440. ♂, ♀.

Eutanyacra vilissima rubricosa Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 23: 441. ♂, ♀. N. syn.

Eutanyacra vilissimops Heinrich
Que.

Eutanyacra vilissimops Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 980. ♀.




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Genus SETANTA Cameron

Setanta Cameron, 1901. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 7: 483.
Type-species: Setanta ritfipes Cameron. Monotypic.

This genus is apparently Oriental, Neotropic, and Nearctic.

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1966. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: 322, 323 (inclusion in key).

Setanta compta (Say)
n. comb. Que. s. to Ga., w. to S. Dak. and Tex. I am grateful for the advice of
Dr. H. K. Townes regarding the generic placement of this species.
Ichneumon comptuH Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 229. ♂, ♀.
Ichneumon atrifrons Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 157. ♀.
Amblyteles marginatus Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13: 328. ♀.

Genus NETANYACRA Heinrich

Netanyacra Heinrich, 1968. Nat. Canad. 95: 709.

Type-species: Netanyacra nuevoleoni Heinrich. Orig. desig.

This genus is Nearctic and Neotropic. Since Netajiyacra was described females of at least one
of the species have been discovered, but no female of this genus has yet been described in the
literature.

Netanyacra arizonae Heinrich
Ariz.

Netanyacra arizonae Heinrich, 1968. Nat. Canad. 95: 716. ♂.

Netanyacra dakotae Heinrich
S. Dak., Alta.

Netanyacra dakotae Heinrich, 1968. Nat. Canad. 95: 714. ♂.

Netanyacra leucopus Heinrich
Va., S. C, Ga., Fla., Ohio, Ky., Tenn., Mo., Ark., Kans., Tex. Host:
Lacinipolia renigera (Steph.).

Eutanyacra leucopus Heinrich, 1968. Nat. Canad. 95: 712. ♂.

Genus DIPHYUS Kriechbaumer

Diphyus Kriechbaumer, 1890. Ent. Nachr. 16: 184. Diphyus was probably a typographical
error for "Diphyen" a variant spelHng which also appeared on page 184 of
Kriechbaumer's paper {Diphyes appeared subsequently in both the author index [p. IV]
and the taxonomic index [p. VII], but no choice between the two speUings was made in
the errata [p. VIII]). Sharp (1892) and Berthoumieu (1896) accepted the spelling Diphyes,
but Ashmead (1900) appears to have been the first author to have made a choice
between the two spellings. It is fortunate that Ashmead selected Diphyus instead of
Diphyes as the latter is preoccupied by Cuvier, 1817.

Type-species: Diphyus tricolor Kriechbaumer. Monotypic.
Pseudamblyteles Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 18.

Type-species: Ichneumon palliatorius Gravenhorst. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Physcoteles Berthoumieu, 1904. In Wytsman, Gen. Ins., fasc. 18, p. 51.

Type-species: Ichneumon palliatorius Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Antelca Morley, 1914. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 14: 407. Nomen nudum.

This large genus is apparently Neotropic, Holarctic, and Oriental.

Taxonomy: Sharp, 1892 (1890). Zool. Rec. 27: 194. —Berthoumieu, 1896. Soc. Ent. de France,

Ann. 65: 291. —Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 17, 210. —Heinrich, 1968 (1967).

Ichneumoninae Stenopneusticae Africa So. of Sahara, v. 3, p. 649-651 (syn.).

Diphyus allapsus (Cresson)
n. comb. Colo., Alta., B. C.

Ichneumon allapsus Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 256. ♂.

Diphyus amoenipes (Heinrich)
n. comb. Que., Maine.

Pseudamblyteles amoenipes Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 23: 413. ♀.

Diphyus animosus (Cresson)
n. comb. Colo., Alta.

Ichneumon animosus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 164. ♂.




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Diphyus apiculatus (Walkley)
n. comb. Colo., Alta., Mont., Wyo., Idaho, Oreg. Host: Euxoa ochrogaster

(Gn.).
Ichneumon apicalis Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 152. ♂. Preocc. by Wiedeman,

1824.
Pseudamblyteles apiculatus Walkley, 1958. In Krombein et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr.

Monog. 2, sup. 1, p. 50. N. name for /. apicalis Cresson.

Diphyus bizonatus (Cresson)
Que. w. to Alta., s. to Md., Ky., and Colo. Ecology: Labels on four female

specimens in the U. S. Natl. Museum collection indicate that they were collected in

caves in late July, October, and November in Ky. and Pa.; Dasch (1971) collected a

specimen in flight in Ohio during January or February.
Ichneumon bizonatus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 160. ♀.

Biology: Dasch, 1971. Ohio Jour. Sci. 71: 277.

Diphyus carbo (Heinrich)
n. comb. Que., Maine, Ont.

Pseudamblyteles carbo Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 23: 407. ♂, ♀.

Diphyus cockerelli (Viereck)
n. comb. Colo., N. Mex.

Cratichneumon cockerelli Viereck, 1903. In Skinner, Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 76. ♂.
Cratichneimion skinneri Viereck, 1903. In Skinner, Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 78. ♂.

Diphyus comes (Cresson)
n. comb. N. Y., Pa., Del., Mich., 111. Heinrich failed to include this species in
his 1961 treatment of Pseudamblyteles; in a supplement to that work, Heinrich (1969)
gave a redescription of the male of comes based upon the "holotype" from "no locality,"
and a specimen from Pa.; in the original description Cresson indicated that he had
specimens from 111. and Del., and Cresson (1916) selected a lectotype from Illinois which
was "in good condition." The specimen referred to as the "holotype" by Heinrich (1969)
had the "Sternites and hypopygium destroyed by dermestids."
Ichneumon comes Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 158. ♂.

Taxonomy: Cresson, 1916. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 1: 24. —Heinrich, 1969. Nat. Canad. 96: 956-957.

Diphyus discus (Cresson)
n. comb. Colo.

Ichneumon discus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc Phila., Proc. 3: 168. ♂.

Diphyus distinctipes (Heinrich)
Que., Maine, N. Y., Md., N. C, Ont., Mich., Ohio., Ark. Ecology: Dasch

(1971) collected a female in flight during January or February in Ohio.
Pseudamblyteles distinctipes Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 23: 409. 2.

Diphyus effigialis (Heinrich)
n. comb. N. B., Que., Maine, Ont, Mich.

Pseudamblyteles effigialis Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 23: 407. ♂, ♀.

Diphyus euxoae Heinrich
n. status. Maine, Colo., N. Mex., Alta., B. C, Wash. Host: Euxoa messoria

(Harris), E. ochrogaster (Gn.).
Ichneumon variegatus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 153. ♂. Preocc. by Schrank,

1785 and Gmelin, 1790.
Diphyus variegatus euxoae Heinrich, 1969. Nat. Canad. 96: 960. 3, 9. N. syn.; because

Heinrich's treatment of eiixoae as a subspecies of variegatus was tentative, this

synonymy is also tentative.
Diphyus variegatus orientis Heinrich, 1969. Nat. Canad. 96: 962. 9. N. syn.; based upon a

single female with "only slight" differences from females in the type series of euxoae.

Morphology: Peck, 1937. Canad. Jour. Res., Sect. D. (Zool. Sci.) 15: 246, 249, 251.

Diphyus ferrugator (Swederus)
n. comb. N. Amer.

Ichneumon ferragator Swederus, 1787. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad., Handl. 8: 280. 9 ("male"
misdet., = Spilichneumon female).

Taxonomy: Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 107.

Diphyus flebilis (Cresson)
Que., Maine, N. H., Ont., Mich.

Ichneumoti flebilis Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 181. ♀.

Diphyus interstinctus (Heinrich)
Que., Maine, N. H., Ont., Mich.

Pseuda)nblyteles interstinctus Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 23: 410. ♀.
Pseudamblyteles interdistinctus (!) Walkley, 1967. I)t Krombein et al., U. S. Dept. Agr.,
Agr. Monog. 2, sup. 2, p. 154.




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Diphyus macilentus (Cresson)
n. comb. Mich., Colo., Alta. Although this species had been recorded

from Mich, by Townes and Townes (1951), it was not included in Heinrich's (1961-1962)
treatment of the stenopneusticae of the Northeast.
Ichneuvwn niacilentun Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 249. ♂.

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1951. In Muesebeck et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2:
293.

Diphyus micramoenus (Heinrich)
n. comb. Maine.

Pseiidantblyteles niicramoenini Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 23: 420. ♀.

Diphyus nigrotergops (Heinrich)
Que., Maine, Ont.

Pseitdaniblyteles nigrotergops Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 23: 417. ♀.
DiphyuH nigritergops (!) Heinrich, 1969. Nat. Canad. 96: 955.

Diphyus nuncius (Cresson)
n. comb. Oreg., Calif. Host: Eiixoa (Cliorizagrotis) auxiliaris (Grote).

Ichneumon nunciuH Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 176. ♂.

Diphyus ontariensis (Provancher)
n. comb. Ont. This species was not included in Heinrich's (1961-1962)
treatment of the stenopneusticae of the Northeast.
Ichneumon Ontariensis Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 30. "♀"=♂.

Diphyus ormenus (Cresson)
Newfoundland (insular) w. to Alaska, s. to Pa., Mich., N. Mex., and Wash.
Ichneumon Onnenus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 141. ♀.
Ichneumon tenebrosus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 145. ♂. Preocc. by Wesmael, 1845.
Ichneumon luctus Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 250. N. name for I. tenebrosus

Cresson.
Ichneumon mellipes Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 295. ♂.
Ichneumon Quebecensis Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (1): 24 (key); 7 (3): 77. ♂.
Pseudamblyteles neomexicanus Ashmead, 1901. Psyche 9: 147. ♂.

Diphyus populorum (Heinrich)
n. comb. Sask., Alta. Host: Brackylomia populi (Stkr.).

Pseudamblyteles populorum Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 23: 418. ♂, ♀.

Diphyus provancheri (Cushman)
n. comb. Que., Maine, Md., Va., Ont., Mich., Mo.

Ichneumon bifasciatus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (1): 23 (key); 7 (3): 75. 9. Preocc

by Geoffroy, 1785 and Say, 1829.
Amblyteles provancheri Cushman, 1925. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 15: 388. N. name for /.
bifasciatus Provancher.

Diphyus robustus (Cresson)
Que. w. to Alaska, s. to Maine, Mich., Colo., and Idaho.
Ichneumon robustus Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 298. ♀.

Diphyus rubellus (Cresson)
Colo., Alta., Wash., Calif.

Ichneumon rubellus Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc Phila., Proc. 2: 254. 6. Preocc by Gmelin,
1790; not renamed here because of the very great likelihood that other Cresson names
will prove to be synonyms.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1959. Ent. News 70: 211.

Diphyus subfuscus (Cresson)
n. comb. Colo.

Ichneumon subfuscus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 173. ♀.

Diphyus taylorii (Harrington)
n. comb. B. C, Oreg.

Ichneumon Taylorii Harrington, 1894. Canad. Ent. 26: 209. ♂.

Diphyus walleyi (Heinrich)
n. comb. Ont.

Pseudamblyteles walleyi Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 23: 416. ♀.

zebraticolor (Heinrich). Que., Maine, Ont.

Pseudamblyteles zebraticolor Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 29: 882. ♂.

Genus CTENICHNEUMON Thomson

Ctenichneumon Thomson, 1894. Opusc Ent. 19: 2082.

Type-species: Ichneumon funereus Gravenhorst. Desig. by Ashmead, 1900. The
type-species is Gravenhorst's identification oi Ichneumon funereus Geoffroy.
Dochyteles Berthoumieu, 1904. In Wytsman, Gen. Ins., fasc. 18, p. 50.

Type-species: Ichneumon funereus Geoffroy. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.




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Na€7iaria subg. Neonaenaria Uchida, 1956. Insecta Matsumurana 20: 60.

Type-species: Naenaria (Neonaenaria) alboynaculata Uchida. Orig. desig.

This rather large genus is Neotropic, Holarctic, and Oriental.

Taxonomy: Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 505 (syn.).

Ctenichneumon caeruleops Heinrich
Sask., B. C.

Ctenichneumon caeruleops Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 23: 461. ♂, ♀.

Ctenichneumon columbianus Heinrich
N. Mex., Yukon, Alaska, B. C.

Ctenichneumon columbianus Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 23: 457. ♂, ♀.

Ctenichneumon excultus (Cresson)
Que. w. to Alaska, s. to Va., Mich., Idaho, and Oreg.

Ichneumon excultus Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 293. ♀.

Ichneumon Stadoconensis Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (1): 22 (key); 7 (2): 50. ♂.

Ctenichneumon gracilior Heinrich
Que., Maine, Mich.

Ctenichneumon gracilior Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 23: 470. cJ, 9.

Ctenichneumon heteropus Heinrich
B. C.

Ctenichneumon heteropus Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 23: 454. ♂, ♀.

Ctenichneumon holomelas Heinrich
Man.

Ctenichneumon holomelas Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 23: 460. ♀.

Ctenichneumon minor Heinrich
N. S. s. to W. Va., w. to Sask.

Ctenichneumon minor Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 23: 458. ♂, ♀.

Ctenichneumon punctiscuta Heinrich
Mich., Man., B. C.

Ctenichneumon punctiscuta Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 23: 463. ♀.

Ctenichneumon rufibasis Heinrich
Que., Maine.

Ctenichenumon rufibasis Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 23: 469. ♀.

Ctenichneumon ruidosensis (Cockerell)
N. Mex., Calif.

Ichneumon ruidosensis Cockerell, 1898. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 2: 456. ♂.

Ctenichneumon semicaeruleus (Cresson)
Maine w. to Alta., s. to s.e. N. C, Ky., Kans., and S. Dak.

Ichneumon semicaeruleus Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 302. ♀.

Ctenichneumon syphax (Cresson)
Que. w. to Alta., s. to n. Ga. and Kans.

Ichneumon Syphax Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 181. ♀.

Ichneumon rufizonatus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 183. ♀.

Ichneiimon electus Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 304. ♂.

Ichneumon nitidus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (1): 24 (key); 7 (3): 79. 6. Barron
(1975) gave particulars concerning the specimen he regarded as holotype, which is a
different specimen than Heinrich (1961) accepted as type.

Ichneumon Marianapolitanus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (1): 24 (key). 9.

Ichneumon Marianapolitanensis{!) Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (3): 81.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1959. Ent. News 70: 208, 210. —Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 23:
472 (uncertainty about synonymy of /. electus Cresson). —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102:
505, 520.

Ctenichneumon townesi Heinrich
Maine, N. Y., Mich.

Ctenichneumon toivnesi Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 23: 453. ♂, ♀.

Ctenichneumon ultus (Cresson)
Que. s. to S. C, w. to Mich, and Kans.

Ichneumon ultus Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 295. ♂.
Ichneumon rogalis Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 295. ♂.

Genus PROBOLUS Wesmael

Probolus Wesmael, 1845 (1844). [Brussels] Acad. Roy. de Belg., Nouveaux Mem. 18: 150.
Type-species: Ichneumon fossorius Gravenhorst. Monotypic The type-species is
Gravenhorst's (1829) apparently deliberate misidentification of I. fossorius
Linnaeus; the type-species is regarded as a synonym of P. culpatorius
(Linnaeus). See also the type-species citation for Limerodops.

This is a small genus of Holarctic distribution.




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Taxonomy: Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 1, p. 163-166 (use of name I.fossorius).
— Roman, 1932. Ent. Tidskr. 53: 5, 6 (identity of Linnaean types of /. culpatorms and /.
fossorius). —Perkins, 1953. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist) Ent., Bui. 3: 106 (correction of Roman's
misidentification of the type-specimen of /. fossorius Linnaeus).

Probolus detritus (Brulle)
Que. s. to Ga., w. to Mich, and Ark.

Ichneumon detritua Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 302. ♀.
Ichneumon indistinctuH Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (1): 23 (key); 7 (3): 75. ♀.
Ichneumon illaetabilis Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 190. ♂.
Ichneumon innotabilisd) Ashmead, 1900. In Smith, N. J. Bd. Agr., Ann. Rpt. 27, sup., p.
567. Lapsus for /. illaetabilis.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 107 (syn.). —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad.
102: 487.

Probolus expunctus (Cresson)
Newfoundland (insular), Que., Maine, N. Y., Ont., Ohio, Mich., Man., Colo.,
Alaska?, B. C.
Ichneumon obliteratus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 147. ♂. Preocc. by

Wesmael, 1855.
Ichneumon expunctus Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 290. N. name for /.

obliteratus Cresson.
Trogus Provancheri Burque, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11 (no. 124): 128. ♂.

Genus TRICHOLABUS Thomson

Tricholabus Thomson, 1894. Opusc. Ent. 19: 2113.

Type-species: Tricholabus femoral is Thomson. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Epiopelmulea Viereck, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 46: 374.

Type-species: Epiopebnidea erythrogastra Viereck. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Otohimea Uchida, 1926. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Faculty Agr., Jour. 18: 146.

Type-species: Otohitnea nigra Uchida. Orig. desig.

This is a Holarctic and Neotropic genus of moderate size.

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1966. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: 254 (syn.).

Tricholabus adventicus (Hopper)
N. Y. s. to Fla. and Ala.

Ichneumon adventicus Hopper, 1938. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 64: 101. ♂.

Tricholabus citatus (Provancher)
Que., Maine, Mich., S. Dak., Colo., Alaska.
Ichneumon citatus Provancher, 1877. Nat. Canad. 9: 8. ♂.

Amblyteles tricolor Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 351. 9 (male misdet. ?).
Ichneumon apicator Hopper, 1938. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 64: 100. ♂.

Tricholabus foxleei Heinrich
B. C, Oreg., Calif.

Tricholabus foxleei Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 23: 396. ♂, ♀.

Tricholabus mitchelli Heinrich
Mass., N. Y., N. J., Del., Md., Va., N. C, S. C, Ga., Miss., Ark. Ecology:
Occurs in marshes, particularly salt marshes along the Atlantic coast and Gulf of
Mexico.
Tricholabus mitchelli Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 23: 395. cJ, 9.

Tricholabus nortonii (Cresson)
Que. w. to Alaska, s. to Va., Ohio, S. Dak., and Alta.
Ichneumon Nortonii Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 304. ♀.
Ichneumon merus Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 148. ♂.

Tricholabus pax (Dalla Torre)
Wash.

Ichneumon pacificus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 350. ♂. Preocc. by

Cameron, 1887.
Ichneumon pax Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 964. N. name for /. pacificus Davis.

Genus SPILICHNEUMON Thomson

Spilichneumon Thomson, 1894. Opusc. Ent. 19: 2087.

Type-species: Ichneumon occisorius Gravenhorst. Desig. by Ashmead, 1900. The
type-species is Gravenhorst's identification of /. occisoritis Fabricius.
Spiloteles Berthoumieu, 1904. In Wytsman, Gen. Ins., fasc. 18, p. 54.

Type-species: Ichneumon occisorius Fabricius. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.




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Pseudichneumon Kokujev, 1909. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mus. Zool., Ann. 14:
12.

Type-species: Pseudichneumon primarius Kokujev. Monotypic.

This Holarctic and Oriental genus is apparently of moderate size.

Spilichneumon borealis (Provancher)
Newfoundland (insular), Que., Maine, Ont. Ecology: Heinrich (1971) said
that "this species is confined to peat bogs, where it appears in the latter part of
summer."
Amblyteles borealis Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13: 328. ♀.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 974-975.

Spilichneumon bronteus (Cresson)
Newfoundland (insular), Que., Maine, Pa., Ont., Mich., Colo., B. C?
Ichneumon Bronteus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 144. ♂.
Ichneumon citrinus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 31. 6. N.
syn.; preocc. by Cresson, 1873; the information given by Heinrich (1968) indicates that
this is the best disposition for the name /. citrinus Provancher until such time as it can
be proven that the lectotype represents a valid species.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1968. Nat. Canad. 95: 722. -Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 975-977.

Spilichneumon inconstans (Cresson)
revised status. Newfoundland (insular) w. to N. W. T., s. to Va., Mich.,
Colo., and Ariz. Host: Crymodes devastator (Brace).
Ichneumon {Ichneumon) aleatorius Harris, 1835. In Hitchcock, Rpt. Geol. Mineral. Bot.

Zool. Mass., Ed. 2, p. 585. Nomen nudum.
Ichneumon inconstans Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 153. ♂.
Ichneumon subnifus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 168. ♀. Preocc. by Gmelin,

1790.
Ichneumon comes var. aleatorius Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 301. ♂.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1959. Ent. News 70: 209 (syn.).

Spilichneumon kodiakensis (Ashmead)
Alaska.

Cratichneumon kodiakensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 157. ♂.

Taxonomy: Walkley, 1967. In Krombein et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog, 2, sup. 2, p. 155.

Spilichneumon nubivagus (Cresson)
Newfoundland (Labrador) w. to B. C, s. to N. Y. and Colo.

Ichneumon consi)nilis Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 163. ♂. Preocc. by Wesmael,

1845.
Ichneumon nubivagus Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 291. N. name for /.

consimilis Cresson.
Ichneumon aequalis Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (1): 23 (key); 7 (3): 76. ♂.
Amblyteles fraternus Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 192. ♂.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 975-977 (female described and distinguished from
female of S. bronteus).

Spilichneumon pernigricornis Heinrich
Mont., Wyo., Utah.

Spilichneumon pernigricornis Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 977. ♂, ♀.

Spilichneumon physcoteloides Heinrich
Que., Maine, Mass., Mich.

Spilichneumon physcoteloides Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 18: 191. ♂, ♀.

Spilichneumon superbus (Provancher)
Newfoundland (insular) w. to N. W. T. and B. C, s. to Tex., N. Mex.,

and Calif.; Hawaii. Host: Euxoa (Chorizagrotis) auxiliaris (Grote), E.flavicollis (Smith),
E. 7nessoria (Harris), E. ochrogaster (Gn.), E. scandens (Riley), Feltia ducens Wlk.,
Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haw.).
Amblyteles superbus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 35. ♀.
Ichneumon koebelei Swezey, 1909. Hawaii Sugar Planters' Assoc. Expt. Sta., Div. Ent.,
Bui. 7:30. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1959. Ent. News 70: 209 (syn.).

Spilichneumon taos (Cresson)
Que., Maine, Mass., N. Mex., Alta.

Amblyteles Taos Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 191. ♀.

Spilichneumon valdetypicus Heinrich
Maine, Man.

Spilichneumon valdetypicus Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 18: 186. ♀.




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Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 975 (variation).

Genus OBTUSODONTA Heinrich

Obhisodonta Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 29: 872.

Type-species: Spiliclineunion obsciiricolo)" Heinrich. Orig. desig.

This is a small genus of Holarctic distribution.

Obtusodonta foxleei Heinrich
B. C.

Obtusodonia foxleei Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 29: 874. ♀.

Obtusodonta manitobae Heinrich
Man., Alta.

Obtusodonta manitobae Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 29: 874. ♀.

Obtusodonta obscuricolor (Heinrich)
Que., Maine, Conn., N. Y., Ont., Sask.

Spilichneumon? obscuricolor Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 18: 195. ♂, ♀.

Obtusodonta restricta (Cresson)
Que., Maine, N. Y.

Ichneumon restrict hh Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 169. ♂.
ObtuHodonta montana Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 29: 875. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 983 (syn.).

Unplaced Taxa of Amblytelesina

The following species were not included in Heinrich's (1961-1962) work on the stenopneusticae
of northeastern North America.

Amblyteles hudsoniciis Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 192. 9. "Hudsons Bay

Territory."
Ichneumon cnidosus Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 175. S. Calif.
Ichneumon Dakota Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 302. S. "Dakota Territory."
Ichneumon delicatus Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc 4: 253. 6. Colo.
Ichneumon dictiosus Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 164. 6. Kans.
Ichneumon (Barichneumon) Humphreyi Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 296. ♂.

Ariz.
Ichneumon juxtus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 163. 6. Colo.
Ichneumon semissiis Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 183. 9. Calif. According to

Cresson (1879), the type locality is Mohave Desert, Calif.

Taxonomy: Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 354.
Ichneiimon sequax Cresson. 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 61: 181. 9. Southern B. C.
Ichneumon ventralis Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc Phila., Proc 4: 250. i. Colo.

Subtribe PTEROCORMINA

Genus STENICHNEUMON Thomson

Stenichneumon Thomson, 1893. Opusc Ent. 18: 1964.

Type-species: Ichneumon pistorius Gravenhorst. Desig. by Schmiedeknecht, 1902.
The type-species is regarded as a synonym of S. militarius militarius
(Thunberg).
Myermo Cameron, 1901. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 7: 523.

Type-species: Myermo riifipes Cameron. Monotypic The type-species is regarded as
a synonym of S. appropiiiquans (Cameron).
Chiaglas Cameron, 1902. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 9: 152.
Type-species: Chiaglas nigripes Cameron. Monotypic.
Bolbomyschus Tosquinet, 1903. Soc Ent. de Belg., Mem. 10: 342.

Type-species: Bolbomyschus albipictus Tosquinet. Monotypic.

The type-species is regarded as a synonym of S. nigripes (Cameron).

Stenichneumonoides Uchida, 1930. Insecta Matsumurana 9: 95.

Type-species: Ichneumon posticalis Matsumura. Orig. desig.

This is a moderate-sized genus of Neotropic, Holarctic, and Oriental distribution.




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Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1966. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: 263. (syn.).
culpator cincticornis (Cresson). Newfoundland (insular), Que., N. W. T., Yukon, and Alaska, s.
to n. Ga., 111., Colo., and Wash. Host: Triekopiiisia ni (Hbn.). S. culpator culpator
(Schrank) is Eurasian.
Ichneumon cincticornis Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 139. ♀.
Ichneumon galenus Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 292. ♂.
Ichneumon matheivi Cameron, 1907. Entomologist 40: 277. ♂.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1953. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 43: 149. —Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash.,
Proc. 63: 109 (syn.).
militarius leucopus Heinrich. N. B. w. to Alaska, s. to Maine, Mich., and B. C. Host: "Piusia"
sp. S. militarius militarius (Thunberg) is Eurasian.
Stenicbneumon militarius leucopus Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 26: 525. ♂, ♀.

Stenichneumon pallidipennis (Viereck)
N. W. T., S. Dak., and N. Mex., w. to B. C. and Calif.

Cratichneumon pedalis var. pallidipennis Viereck, 1902. Ent. News 13: 87. ♂.

Stenichneumon salvus (Cresson)
P. E. I. w. to B. C, s. to N. H., Mich., and Oreg. This species appears to vary
clinally from east to west. Heinrich (1962) recognized two subspecies; he used the name
bioculatus for a transcontinental form; his nominate form apparently consisted only of
some of the extreme variants from the western end of the range.
Ichneumon bioculatus Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 158. ♂, ♀. N. syn.
Ichneumon salvus Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 166. ♂.
Cratichneumon rubicundus Bradley, 1904. Ztschr. System. Hym. Dipt. 4: 106. ♀.

Genus PATROCLOIDES Heinrich

Pairocloides Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 16.

Type-species: Amblyteles perluctuosus Provancher. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is a small Holarctic genus.

Patrocloides montanus (Cresson)
Newfoundland (insular) w. to Wash., s. to n. Ga., N. Mex., and Calif. Host:
Syngrapha sp., Trichoplusia ni (Hbn.).
Ichneumon montanus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc Phila., Proc. 3: 141. ♂, ♀.
Patrocloides montanus occidentalis Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 26: 517. ♀. N. syn.

Patrocloides perluctuosus (Provancher)
Newfoundland (insular), w. to B. C, s. to Mass. and Mich. Host:
Syngrapha epigaea (Grt.), S. selecta (Wlk.).
Amblyteles perluctuosus Provancher, 1877. Nat. Canad. 9: 10. "♂"=♀.

Patrocloides walleyi (Heinrich)
Que., Ont., Wis., N. W. T., Alta.

Patroclus walleyi Heinrich, 1956. Canad. Ent. 88: 486. ♂, ♀.

Genus PATROCLUS Cresson

Patroclus Cresson, 1873. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 25: 104.

Type-species: Patroclus nigrocaeruleus Cresson. Desig. by Ashmead, 1900.
Pseudoamblyteles Heinrich, 1926. Deut. Ent. Ztschr. (1926), p. 255.

Type-species: Amblyteles homocerus Wesmael. Monotypic.
Ctenamblyteles Heinrich, 1928. Deut. Ent. Ztschr. (1928), p. 141. Unnecessary n. name for
Pseudoaniblyteles Heinrich (Pseudoamblyteles not preocc by Pseudamblyteles
Ashmead).

This is a small Neotropic and Holarctic genus.

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1966. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: 263 (syn.).

Patroclus homocerus
***authority mismatch
homocerus (Wesmael). Que. w. to Alaska, s. to Colo, and Utah; Eurasia. Townes,
Momoi, and Townes (1965) recognized P. homocerus karafutonis (Uchida) as a distinct
subspecies from Sakhalin.
Amblyteles ho)Hocerus Wesmael, 1854. [Brussels] Acad. Roy. de Belg., Bui. 21, Annexe aux
Bui. 1853-1854, p. 120. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 455.




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Genus PROTOPELMUS Heinrich

ProtopelnniH Heinrich, 1959. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 61: 200.

Type-species: Trogua atrocaeruleus Cresson. Monotypic and orig. desig.

A single species is known.

Protopelmus atrocaeruleus (Cresson)
Northeastern Md., Fla., La.; Me.xico. Host: Ecpantheria muzina
Oberthur, E. scribonia (Stoll).
Trogii.s atrocaeruleus Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 92. ♀.
Trogun atrocaeruleus Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 1032. Emend.

Genus ORGICHNEUMON Heinrich

Orgiclmeumon Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 15.

Type-species: Ichneuiiion calcatorius Thunberg. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is a small genus of Holarctic and Oriental distribution.

Orgichneumon calcatorius (Thunberg)
N. S. w. to B. C, s. to S. C, Tex., and Oreg.; Europe. Host: Dasycliira

grisefacta (Dyar)?, D. plagiata (Wlk.), Orgyia antiqua (L.), 0. leucostigma (J. E. S.), 0.

pseudotsugata McD.
Ichneumon calcatorius Thunberg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem. 8:

254; 9:291. ♀.
Ichneumon otiosus Say, 1829 Contrib. Maclurian Lyceum to Arts and Sci. 1: 69. ♀.
Ichneumon infidelis Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 296. ♂.
Ichneumon sylvanus Holmgren, 1880. Ent. Tidskr. 1: 27. 9 (male misdet.).
Ichneumon (Cratichneumon) burkei Viereck, 1910. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 38: 383. ♂.
Ichneumon {Sfe)iich)ieuynon) calcatorius var. nigritarsis Schmiedeknecht, 1928. Opusc.

Ichn., Sup., fasc. 4, p. 219. Syn.? Preocc. by Kriechbaumer, 1889.

Taxonomy: Roman, 1912. Zool. Bidr. Uppsala 1: 240 (syn.). —Heinrich, 1953. Wash. Acad.
Sci., Jour. 43: 148. -Heinrich, 1957 (1956). Canad. Ent. 88: 647-648. -Heinrich, 1959. Ent.
News 70: 211.

Genus THYRATELES Perkins

Thyrateles Perkins, 1953. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent, Bui. 3: 149.

Type-species: Amblyteles camelinus Wesmael. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is a small Holarctic genus which is rather arbitrarily separated from Pteroconnus.
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1973. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 19: 263 (syn.).

Thyrateles amoenapex Heinrich
N. W. T.

Thyrateles amoenapex Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 357. ♀.

Thyrateles caliginops Heinrich
Que. w. to Minn., s. to W. Va. and Ohio. Host: Vanessa atalanta (L.).

Thyrateles caliginops Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 351. ♂, ♀.

Thyrateles camelinops Heinrich
Alta., B. C. Host: Nyjnphaiis milberti (Goed.), Polygonia sp.

Thyrateles camelinops Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 349. ♂, ♀.

Thyrateles instabilis (Cresson)
Maine, N. H., N. Y., N. J., Ont., Ohio, Mich., Ind., S. Dak., Calif. Host:
Colias eurytheme Bois., C. philodice Godt., Satyrus sp.
Ichneumon instabilis Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 303. ♂, ♀.

Biology: Dasch, 1971. Ohio Jour. Sci. 71: 278 (hibernation sites). —Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 973 (hibernation site).

Thyrateles lugubrator (Gravenhorst)
N. S. w. to B. C, s. to central Ga., Tex., and CaHf.; Hawaii. Host:

Cynthia cardiii (L.), C. virginiensis (Drury), Nymphalis milberti (Godt.), Polygonia

comma (Harris).
Ichneumon lugubrator Gravenhorst, 1807. Vergl. Uebers. Zool. Systeme, p. 256. [male].
Ichneumon rufiventris Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 301. ♂, ♀.
Ichneumon incertus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 180. ♀. Preocc. by Sulzer, 1776

and Christ, 1791.
Ichneumon californicus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 180. ♂.
Ichneumon hunterae Packard, 1881. Boston Soc Nat. Hist., Proc 21: 22. ♂, ♀.




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Ichneumon vulviventris (!) Nason, 1905. Ent. News 16: 148. Lapsus for /. rufiventris
Brulle.

Taxonomy: Kriechbaumer, 1875. Stettin. Ent. Ztg. 36: 41. — Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash.,
Proc. 63: 108, 109, 169-170.

Thyrateles mormonus (Cresson)
Que., Ont., Colo., Alta., Utah. Host: Polygonia sp.

Amblyteles monnonus Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 190. 9. According to

Cresson (1879) the type locality is "Great Salt Lake, Utah."
Ichneumon adjunctus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 29. ♀.
Cratichneumon pedalis var. varitarsis Viereck, 1902. Ent. News 13: 87. ♀.

Taxonomy: Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 355.

Thyrateles procax (Cresson)
Ont., Alaska. Host: Nymphalis antiopa (L.).

Ichneumon procax Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 170. ♂.
Amblyteles torontosus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 351. ♀.

Genus PTEROCORMUS Foerster

Brachyptenis Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 1, p. 673. Preocc by Kugelman, 1794.
Type-species: Brachypterus means Gravenhorst. Monotypic. The type-species is
regarded as a synonym of P. latrator (Fabricius).
Pterocormus Foerster, 1850. Arch. f. Naturgesch. 16: 71. N. name for Brachypterus

Gravenhorst.
Colobacis Cameron, 1900. New Zeal. Inst., Trans. 33: 110.

Type-species: Colobacis forticornis Cameron. Monotypic. The type-species is
regarded as a synonym of P. lotatorius (Fabricius).
Tyanites Cameron, 1903. Entomologist 36: 95.

Type-species: Tyanites rufipes Cameron. Monotypic.
Vabsaris Cameron, 1903. Entomologist 36: 96.

Type-species: Vabsaris forticornis Cameron. Monotypic. The type-species is
regarded as a synonym of P. rufipes (Cameron).
Euichneumon Berthoumieu, 1904. Gen. Ins., fasc. 18, p. 33.

Type-species: Ichneumon sarcitorius Linnaeus. Desig. by Townes, 1944.
Matsumuraius Ashmead, 1906: U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 30: 169.

Type-species: Matsuynuraius grandis Ashmead. Monotypic. The type-species is
regarded as a subspecies of P. primatorius (Forster).
Coreojoppa Uchida, 1926. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Faculty Agr., Jour. 18: 63.

Type-species: Coreojoppa flavomaculata Uchida. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Bureschias Heinrich, 1936. K. Naturw. Inst. Sofia, Mitt. 9: 82.

Type-species: Bureschias balcanicus Heinrich. Orig. desig. The type-species is
regarded as a synonym of P. tuberosus (Berthomieu).

This is a very large genus with species occurring throughout the Old and New World, but ap-
parently with greater numbers of species in temperate areas.

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1973. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 19: 263 (syn.).

Pterocormus adonis (Viereck)
N. Mex.

Cratichneumon adonis Viereck, 1903. In Skinner, Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 77. ♂.

Pterocormus alpestriformis (Viereck)
Western Alaska.

Amblyteles {Pterocormus) alpestriformis Viereck, 1923. North Amer. Faune 46: 234. ♀.

Ta.xonomy: Heinrich, 1957 (1956). Canad. Ent. 88: 690-691.

Pterocormus amauropus (Heinrich)
n. comb. Northern N. W. T.

Ichneumon amauropus Heinrich, 1956. Canad. Ent. 88: 481. ♀.

Pterocormus ambulatorius (Fabricius)
Newfoundland (nsular) w. to B. C, s. to Ga., Kans., N. Mex., and
Oreg. Host: Crymodes devastator (Brace), Faro7ita diffusa (Wlk.), Luperina stipata
(Morr.), Macronoctua onusta Grt., Papaipema circumlucens (Smith), P. nebris (Gn.),
Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haw.).
Ichneumon ambulatorius Fabricius, 1775. Systema Ent., p. 329. [female].
Ichneumon mnltor Harris, 1833. In Hitchcock, Rpt. Geol. Mineral. Bot. Zool. Mass., p. 587.
Nomen nudum; uncertain syn.




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Ichneumon juctcndus Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 305. ♀.
Ichneumon jlavizonatus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 156. ♂.
Ichneumon multor Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 299. ♂.

Taxonomy: Perkins, 1952. Entomologist 85: 66. — Heinrich, 1953. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 43:
149. -Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 106, 108, 168.

Pterocormus annulatorius (Fabricius)
Newfoundland (insular) s. to Va., w. to Iowa.
Ichneumon annulatorius Fabricius, 1775. Systema Ent, p. 330. [male].
Ichneumon funestus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 166. ♀.
Ichneumon haesstans Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (1): 24 (key). 9.
Ichneumon hoesitans(l) Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (3): 80.

Taxonomy: Perkins, 1952. Entomologist 85: 67. —Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 106, 169.

Pterocormus approximans (Provancher)
Ont.

Ichneumon approximans Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 32. ♂.

Pterocormus artemis (Viereck)
Newfoundland (Labrador), n. Man., Colo., Alta.

Cratichneumon artemis Viereck, 1902. Ent. News 13: 87. ♀.

Pterocormus atrox (Cresson)
Newfoundland (Labrador), Ont., Man., S. Dak., Colo., Alaska, B. C.

Ichneumon atrox Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 151. ♀.

Pterocormus audax (Cresson)
Colo.

Ichneumon audax Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. PhUa., Proc. 3: 143. ♂.

Pterocormus bimembris (Provancher)
Que., Maine, N. H., N. Y., Pa., Md., Va., Ont, Mich., Alta.

Ichneumon bimembris Provancher, 1877. Nat. Canad. 9: 8. ♀.

Pterocormus broweri (Heinrich)
n. comb. Maine.

Ichneumon broweri Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 337. ♀.

Pterocormus browni (Heinrich)
n. comb. Eastern Que.

Ichneumon browni Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 277. ♀.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1969. Nat. Canad. 96: 951.

Pterocormus browniops (Heinrich)
n. comb. Maine.

Ichneumon browniops Heinrich, 1969. Nat. Canad. 96: 950. ♀.

Pterocormus byrdiae (Heinrich)
n. comb. Northwestern N. W. T., n. Yukon. Host: Gynaephora rossi (Curt.).

Ichneumon byrdiae Heinrich, 1956. Canad. Ent 88: 479. ♂, ♀.

Pterocormus byridops (Heinrich)
n. comb. Southern Alaska.

Ichneumon byrdiops Heinrich, 1956. Canad. Ent. 88: 480. ♀.

Pterocormus caliginosus (Cresson)
Newfoundland (insular), N. W. T., and Alaska, s. to W. Va., Mich., and
Colo. Host: Polygonia gracilis (G. and R.), P. interrogationis (F.), P. satyrus (Ed.).

Ichneumon caliginosus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 144. ♀.

Pterocormus calitergus (Cresson)
Que., Maine, Mass., N. Y., Md., W. Va., Ont, Mich.

Ichneumon calitergus Harris, 1835. In Hitchcock, Rpt. Geol. Mineral. Hot Zool. Mass., Ed.
2, p. 586. Nomen nudum.

Ichneumon calitergus Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent Soc, Trans. 1: 299. ♀.

Pterocormus canadensis (Cresson)
N. S., N. B., Que., Maine, N. H., Ont., Ohio, Mich., Wis., Sask. Host:
Ctenucha virginica (Charp.). Heinrich (1959b, 1961) incorrectly used the synonym
trizonatus instead of canadensis as the valid name for this species; Heinrich's (1959a)
selection of a new lectotype for canadensis {=clasma n. sp., below) did not invalidate
the lectotype selected by Cresson (1916) because lack of agreement with the original
description is not sufficient proof that the lectotype selected by Cresson was not one of
his original syntypes.

Ichneumon canadensis Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 308. ♀.

Ichneumon trizonatus Provancher, 1877. Nat. Canad. 9: 8. ♂. N. syn.

Amblyteles ctenuchae Cushman, 1933. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 82: 3. ♀.

Taxonomy: Cresson, 1916. Amer. Ent Soc, Mem. 1: 23. —Townes, 1944. Amer. Ent. Soc,
Mem. 11: 382-383 (syn.). —Heinrich, 1959a, Ent. News 70: 104. —Heinrich, 1959b, Canad.
Ent. 91: 806 (syn.). —Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent Sup. 21: 238, 292-293.




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Pterocormus canadicola (Heinrich)
n. comb. Newfoundland (insular), Que., Maine, Mass., Ont., Ohio, Mich.

Ichneumon canadicola Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 293. ♀.

Pterocormus centrator (Say)
Que. w. to B. C, s. to N. C, Mo., and Oreg. Host: Isia Isabella (J. E. S.).
Ichneumon centrator Say, 1825. Amer. Ent. 2: 49. ♀.
Ichneumon flavicornis Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 140. ♂.
Ichneumon fortis Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (1): 24 (key); 7 (3): 83. ♂.

Pterocormus cervulus (Provancher)
Newfoundland (insular). Que., Maine, Ont., Mich., Alta. Ecology: Occurs
in peat bogs. Although the specimen which Heinrich (1961, 1976) regarded as the
"holotype" is not the valid lectotype selected by Gahan and Rohwer (1917), Barron
(1975) indicated that the former specimen is conspecific with the lectotype.
Ichneumon cervulus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (1): 24 (key); 7 (3): 83. ♂.
Phygadeuon tennmatus Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13 (no. 155): 335 (key); 13 (no. 156):
357. ♀. Preocc. by Gravenhorst, 1829.

Taxonomy: Gahan and Rohwer, 1917. Canad. Ent. 49: 430. —Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup.
21: 271. -Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 448. -Heinrich, 1976 (1975). Nat. Canad. 102:
758-760 (syn.).

Biology: Heinrich, 1969. Nat. Canad. 96: 943 (habitat).

Pterocormus cessatorops (Heinrich)
n. comb. Que., Alta., Yukon.

Ichneumon cessatorops Heinrich, 1956. Canad. Ent. 88: 484. ♀.
Ichneumon cessatorops Kaztibazuae Heinrich, 1956. Canad. Ent. 88: 485. ♀.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 319-320 (male described).

Pterocormus chasmodops (Heinrich)
n. comb. Que., Maine, N. H., N. Y., Ont, Mich., Minn., Man.

Ichneumon chasmodops Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 259. 9 (6 misdet.). Heinrich
(1962) stated that the male he had misidentified as chasmodops is 1961 is actually the
male of feralis (Cresson), and another male was associated with chasmodops and
described.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 29: 977-878.

Pterocormus citrifrons (Cresson)
N. J., Pa., Ont., Mich., 111.

Ichneumon citrifrons Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 307. ♂.

Pterocormus clarimontis (Cameron)
Calif.

Ichneumon clarimontis Cameron, 1908. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 34: 241. ♂.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 107.

Pterocormus clasma Carlson
n. sp. Newfoundland (insular) s. to N. Y., w. to Mich, and 111. Host:

Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haw.). Heinrich (1961) gave a description of both the males and
females of this species, but erroneously applied the name canadeyisis (Cresson) by
virtue of his (1959) invalid selection of a new lectotype for canadensis (which see);
Heinrich's new lectotype for /. canadensis Cresson is the holotype of P. clasma.
Ichneumon canadensis (jresson sensu Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 238-240. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1959. Ent. News 70: 104.

Pterocormus commodus (Davis)
Utah, Wash.

Eurylabus commodus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 354. ♂.

Pterocormus compar (Cresson)
Southwestern B. C.

Ichneumon compar Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 175. ♀.

Pterocormus conscopa (Heinrich)
n. comb. Maine.

Ichneumon conscopa Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 250. ♀.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 969.

Pterocormus contractus (Ashmead)
Alaska.

Amblyteles contractus Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 12: 393. ♀.

Pterocormus creperus (Cresson)
Que., Ont., w. N. W. T., and Alaska, s. to Conn., Ohio, Colo., and s. B. C.

Host: Actebia fennica (Tausch.).
Ichneumon creperus Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 298. ♂.
Amblyteles (Pterocormus) footei Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist.

Survey Bui. 22: 353, 357. ♂.




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Pterocormus cupitus (Cresson)
Idaho, Wash., Oreg., Calif.; Hawaii.

Ichnetimon cupitus Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 175. ♂.

Taxonomy: Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 350 (redescription).
— Townes, Townes, and Gupta, 1961. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 1: 383.

Pterocormus curticrus (Provancher)
Que., Man.

Phygadeuon curficrus Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 360. ♀.

Pterocormus devinctor (Say)
Que. w. to s.w. N. W. T. and B. C, s. to Ga., Mo., and Colo. Host: Cossus sp.,
Prionoxystns robiniae (Peck), Stheyiopis fhule (Stkr.).
Ichneumon devinctor Say, 1825. Amer. Ent. 2: 48. ♀.
Ichneumon tibialis Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 300. ♀. Preocc.

by Geoffroy, 1785.
Ichneumon montivagus Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 255. ♂.

Pterocormus difficilis (Cresson)
Wash., Calif.

Ichneumon difficilis Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 176. ♂.

Taxonomy: Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 351.

Pterocormus dillerorum (Heinrich)
n. comb. Maine.

Ichneumon dillerorum Heinrich, 1968. Nat. Canad. 95: 720. ♀.

Pterocormus dionymus Carlson
n. name. Que. w. to Mich., s. to Va. and Ohio.

Ichneumon anonymus Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 255. ♂, ♀. Preocc. by Cuvier,
1833.

Pterocormus dioryctiae (Heinrich)
n. comb. N. B. Que., Maine, Ont., Mont. Host: Dioryctria reniculella
(Grt.).
Ichneumon dioryctiae Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 341. ♂, ♀.
Ichneumon dioryctriae Walkley, 1967. In Krombein et ai, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2,
sup. 2, p. 160. Unjustified emend. (Heinrich had spelled the host name "Dioryctia").

Pterocormus discoensis (Fox)
Greenland. This species has not been treated in any of the papers on North
American Ichneumoninae by Heinrich.
Ichneumon discoensis Fox, 1892. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 44: 134. ♂.

Pterocormus dorsalis (Cresson)
Colo.

Ichneumon dorsalis Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 177. ♀. Preocc. by Fabricius,
1798; not renamed here because the species has not been included in any recent
revision, and therefore may prove to have synonyms.

Pterocormus egregiafacialis (Viereck)
Colo.

Ichneumon (Barichneiimon) egregiafacialis Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 291.
i.

Pterocormus eurypus (Heinrich)
n. comb. Que., Maine, Ont., s.w. N. W. T., Alta.

Ichneumon eurypus Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 325. ♀.

Pterocormus faciens (Davis)
Alta., Idaho, Wash.

Ichneumon faciens Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 350. ♂.

Pterocormus feralis (Cresson)
Newfoundland (Labrador) s. to N. Y., w. to Alta. Host: Hepialus mustelinus
Pack.? The male of this species was misidentified as that of chasmodops by Heinrich
(1961); the error was corrected by Heinrich (1962).
Ichneumon feralis Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 301. ♀.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 230, 260-261. —Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent.
Sup. 29: 877, 879-880.

Pterocormus feriens (Heinrich)
n. comb. Newfoundland (insular) w. to Alaska, s. to N. Y., Mich., and s. B. C.
Ichneumon feriens Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 321. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1969. Nat. Canad. 96: 944 (additional characters for distinguishing
male).

Pterocormus festus (Cresson)
Colo.

Ichneumon bipunctatus Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc Phila., Proc. 4: 253. ♂. Preocc. by Gmelin,

1790, Schrank, 1802, and Cuvier, 1833.
Ichneumon festus Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 257. ♂.




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Pterocormus flavofacialis (Viereck)
Colo.

Ichneumon (Probolus) flavofacialis Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 291. ♂.

Pterocormus foxleei (Heinrich)
n. comb. Wyo., Yukon, B. C.

Iclnieumon foxleei Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 309. ♀. Preocc. secondarily by
Ichneumon foxleei (Heinrich), 1961.

Pterocormus fuscifrons (Cresson)
Que. w. to Minn., s. to 111.

Ichneumon fuscifronx Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 166. ♀.

Pterocormus gavisicolor (Heinrich)
n. comb. Northern Que.

Ichneumon gavisicolor Heinrich, 1956. Canad. Ent. 88: 485. ♀.

Pterocormus gestuosus (Cresson)
n. comb. Maine, N. H., Ont. Host: Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.).

Ichneumon gestuosus Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 156. ♀.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1959. Ent. News 70: 207.

Pterocormus glacialis (Ashmead)
Southeastern Alaska.

Ichneumon glacialis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 154. ♂.

Pterocormus glaucopygos (Heinrich)
n. comb. Que., Maine, Mass., N. Y.

Ichneumon glaucopygos Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 248. ♀.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 969.

Pterocormus gracilicornops (Heinrich)
n. comb. Newfoundland (Labrador) s. to Maine, w. to Alta.

Ichneumon gracilicornops Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 278. ♀.

Pterocormus grandisops (Heinrich)
n. comb. Conn., N. Y., w. N. C, Ohio.

Ichneumon grandisops Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 305. ♀.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 970-971 (male described).

Pterocormus hemimelanarius (Viereck)
Ariz.

Ichneumon hemimelanarius Viereck, 1906. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 32: 226. ♂.

Pterocormus heterocampae (Cushman)
Que. s. to Md., w. to Mich, and Ohio. Host: Heterocampa guttivitta
(Wlk.).
Amblyteles heterocampae Cushman, 1933. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 82: 2. ♀.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1969. Nat. Canad. 96: 942.
hcterodon (Heinrich), n. comb. N. Y., Ont., Ohio.

Ichneumon heterodon Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 306. ♀.

Pterocormus hiemalis (Cresson)
Southwestern Alaska.

Ichneumon hiemalis Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 180. ♀.

Pterocormus hiltoni (Heinrich)
n. comb. Maine. Ecology: Collected in a mountain meadow.

Ichneumon hiltoni Heinrich, 1969. Nat. Canad. 96: 952. ♀.

Pterocormus hippisleyae (Heinrich)
n. comb. Mich., s. Man.

Ichneumon hippisleyae Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 264. ♀.

Pterocormus homoioden (Heinrich)
n. comb. N. J., Mich.

Ichneumon homoioden Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 311. ♀.

Pterocormus homorus (Heinrich)
n. comb. Newfoundland (insular), N. B., Que., Maine, Vt., Ont., Mich.

Ichneumon homorus Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 322. ♀.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1969. Nat. Canad. 96: 945-946 (male described).

Pterocormus hospitus (Cresson)
Maine, "Canada," 111.

Ichneumon hospitus Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 306. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1969. Nat. Canad. 96: 950.

Pterocormus hypermelanos (Heinrich)
n. comb. Ont.

Ichneumon hypermelanos Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 259. ♀.

Pterocormus infucatus (Cresson)
Colo.

Ichneumon infucatus Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 252. ♂.

Pterocormus inurbanus (Cresson)
W. Va., Ohio, Colo.

Ichneumon inurbanus Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 302. ♀.




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Pterocormus klagesi (Viereck)
Pa.

Ichneumon jlavofacialia Viereck, 1906. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 32: 245. ♂. Preocc. by

Viereck, 1905.
Ichneumon klageni Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 591. N. name for /.
Jlavofacialis Viereck, 1905.

Pterocormus kodiakensis (Ashmead)
Southwestern Alaska.

Ichneumon kodiakensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 153. ♂.

Pterocormus lachrymans (Provancher)
Newfoundland (insular). Que., Maine, N. H., Mass., N. Y., Ont., Mich.
Phygadeuon dorsalis Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 285. ♀. Preocc. in Pterocormus by

Cresson, 1864.
Ichneumon lachrymans Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (1): 24 (key); 7 (3): 78. 6. Barron
(1975) did not prove that the lectotype selected by Gahan and Rohwer (1917) was not
one of Provancher's two syntypes. Therefore, the new lectotype selected by Barron has
no validity.

Taxonomy: Gahan and Rohwer, 1917. Canad. Ent. 49: 431. —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102:
463, 492-493.

Pterocormus lacunae (Heinrich)
n. comb. Maine.

Ichneumon lacunae Heinrich, 1969. Nat. Canad. 96: 948. ♀.

Pterocormus laetus (Brulle)
Que. w. to Alaska, s. to Va., and Iowa. Host: Psendaletia unipimcta (Haw.).

Ichneumon laetus Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins., Hym., v. 4, p. 303. ♂.

Ichneumon leucaniae Fitch, 1861. Boston Cultivator 23: 276. ♀.

Ichneumon seviiniger Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 167. ♀.

Pterocormus lariae (Curtis)
n. comb. Newfoundland (coastal Labrador), n. Que., N. H., N. W. T., n. Man.;
Greenland.

Ichneumon Lariae Curtis, 1835. In Ross, Narrative of Second Voyage in Search of a
No.-W. Passage 1829-33, App., p. Ixi. 9.

Cratichneumon Aurivillii Roman, 1916. Arkiv for Zool. 10 (22): 5. ♀.

Ichneumon lariae snbarcticus Heinrich, 1957 (1956). Canad. Ent. 88: 689. ♀. N. syn.

Ichneumon lariae labradoris Heinrich, 1957 (1956). Canad. Ent. 88: 690. ♀. N. syn.

Pterocormus leucocoxalis (Heinrich)
n. comb. Maine, Pa.

Ichneumon leucocoxalis Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 266. ♀.

Pterocormus lewisii (Cresson)
n. comb. N. Y. s. to n. Ga., w. to Iowa and Mo. Host: Apantesis sp.

Ichneumon Lewisii Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 177. ♀.

Ichneinnon fulvopictus Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 391. 6. Heinrich
(1961) erroneously stated that the holotype is from Mont.; it is from Mo.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1959. Ent. News 70: 207. —Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21:
300-302.

Pterocormus longulus (Cresson)
Colo.

Ichneumon longulus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 171. ♂.

Pterocormus mainensis (Heinrich)
n. comb. Maine.

Ichneiimon mainensis Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 29: 880. ♀.

Pterocormus maius (Cresson)
N. B., Que., Maine, Mass., Ont., Mich. Host: Tigroides bicolor (Grt.).

Ichneumon maius Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 307. ♀.

Pterocormus masoni (Heinrich)
n. comb. Southwestern Alaska.

Ichneumon viasoni Heinrich, 1956. Canad. Ent. 88: 479. ♀.

Pterocormus melanarcticus (Heinrich)
n. comb. Newfoundland (n. Labrador), e. Que.

Ichneumon melanarcticus Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 331. ♀.

Pterocormus mendax (Cresson)
Que. s. to s. S. C, w. to Colo, and Tex.

Ichneumon mendax Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 149. ♀.

Phygadeuon Guignardi Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 50. ♀.

Pterocormus microferiens (Heinrich)
n. comb. Newfoundland (insular), Ont., Man., Alta., Alaska.

Ichneumon microferiens Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 323. ♀.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1976 (1975). Nat. Canad. 102: 758 (male described).
mystificans (Heinrich), n. comb. Newfoundland (Labrador and insular), Maine, Mich.
Ichneumon mystificans Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 342. ♂.




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Pterocormus nanusniger (Heinrich)
n. comb. Newfoundland (insular).

Ichneumon nanusniger Heinrich, 1976 (1975). Nat. Canad. 102: 760. ♂, ♀.

Pterocormus nearctivernus (Heinrich)
n. comb. Maine, Ont., Mich., N. W. T., Sask., Alta., Yukon, Alaska.

Ichneumon computatorius nearctivernus Heinrich, 1957 (1956). Canad. Ent. 88: 648. ♀.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 339.

Pterocormus nebularum (Heinrich)
n. comb. Newfoundland (Labrador), N. H.?
Ichneumon nebularum Heinrich, 1956. Canad. Ent. 88: 483. ♀.

Pterocormus neomolitor (Heinrich)
n. comb. Newfoundland (insular), Maine, Alta. Ecology: Occurs in
spruce (Picea mariana) bogs.
Ichneumon neomolitor Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 329. ♀.

Biology: Heinrich, 1969. Nat. Canad. 96: 946-947.

Pterocormus neosarcitor (Heinrich)
n. comb. Maine.

Ichneumon neosarcitor Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 244. ♂, ♀.
nereni emigrator (Heinrich), n. comb. Newfoundland (insular), P. E. I., Que., Maine, Ont. P.
nereni nereni (Thomson) is Eurasian.
Ichnemnon nereni emigrator Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 289. 6, 9. Ichneumon

Pterocormus emigrator
***authority mismatch
Walkenaer, 1802 is apparently a lapsus for /. migrator Fabricius, 1785 and,
therefore, would not preoccupy emigrator Heinrich.

Pterocormus nigrotergus (Davis)
S. Dak.

Ichneumon nigrotergus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 350. ♀.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 23: 417.

Pterocormus nigrovariegatus (Provancher)
Newfoundland (insular) s. to S. C, w. to Mich.

Ichneumon humilis Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (1): 24 (key); 7 (3): 82. "♂"=♀.
Preocc. by Wesmael, 1857.

Phygadeuon nigrovariegatus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (6): 182. ♀.

Ichneuynon humillimus Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 923. N. name for Ichneumon
humilis Provancher. Townes (1944) regarded /. kimiilis as replacing Phygadeuon

Pterocormus dorsalis
***authority mismatch
Provancher (formerly a synonym of humilus), but I do not think this view is
tenable. /. humilis is the name which had been in use for the species most immediately
preceding Dalla Torre's proposal of hmnillimus; therefore, it is logical to conclude that
Dalla Torre proposed hu7nilimus to replace huynilis.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1944. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 399-400.

Pterocormus oblitus (Heinrich)
n. comb. Que., Maine, N. Y., Ont., Mich., S. Dak.

Ichneumon oblitus oblitus Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 234. ♂, ♀.

Ichneumon oblitus polyglaucos Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 236. ♂, ♀.

Pterocormus ormsbyensis (Cameron)
Nev.

Pseudamblyteles ormsbyensis Cameron, 1908. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 34: 242. ♂.

Pterocormus palaearctops (Heinrich)
n. comb. Newfoundland (insular).

Ichneumon palaearctops Heinrich, 1976 (1975). Nat. Canad. 102: 761. ♂.

Pterocormus paramajops (Heinrich)
n. comb. Newfoundland (insular).

Ichneumon paramajops Heinrich, 1976 (1975). Nat. Canad. 102: 757. ♀.

Pterocormus parvus (Cresson)
111., Mo., Kans.

Ichneumon parvus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 159. ♂.

Ichneumon xanthopsis Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 390. S. Heinrich
(1961) erroneously stated that the holotype of /. xanthopsis is from Mont.; it is a
specimen from the C. V. Riley collection bearing no locality label; Ashmead probably
just assumed (perhaps correctly) that it is from "St. Louis, Mo."

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 345 (syn. questioned).

Pterocormus patroclus (Viereck)
N. Mex.

Cratichneumon patroclus Viereck, 1903. hi Skinner, Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 78. ♂.

Pterocormus pedalis (Cresson)
Sask., Colo., Alta.

Ichneuynon pedalis Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 141. ♂.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 313, 347.




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Pterocormus perlugubris (Heinrich)
n. comb. Que., Sask.

Ichneumon perlugubris Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 306. ♀.

Pterocormus peroratus (Cameron)
Nev.

Pseudamblyteles peroratua Cameron, 1908. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 34: 242. ♂.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 112.

Pterocormus perretti (Heinrich)
n. comb. Newfoundland (n. Labrador).

Ichneumon perretti Heinrich, 1956. Canad. Ent. 88: 482. ♀.

Pterocormus pictifrons (Cresson)
Alta., Mont., Colo.

Ichneumon pictifrons Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 160. ♂.

Pterocormus placidus (Provancher)
Que., Maine, N. Y., Ont., Ohio, Alta., Utah.

Ichneumon placidus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (1): 23 (key); 7 (3): 76. ♂.

Pterocormus polargus (Heinrich)
n. comb. Newfoundland (n. Labrador), n. Ont., n. Man., Colo.?

Ichneumon polargus Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 327. ♀.

Pterocormus popofensis (Ashmead)
Alta., Alaska.

Ichneumon popofensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 154. ♂.

Pterocormus propitius (Cresson)
n. comb. Que. w. to Sask., s. to Ga. and Tex.; s. Mexico. Host: Melitaea
harrisii Scud., Phyciodes tharos (Drury).

Ichneumon propitius Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 156. ♂.

Ichneumon tharotis Packard, 1881. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Proc. 21: 22. ♀.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1959. Ent. News 70: 207-208.

Biology: Swift, 1946. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 39: 407-409.

Pterocormus pseudomaius (Heinrich)
n. comb. Mass.

Ichneumon pseudomaius Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 280. ♀.

Pterocormus pseudovivax (Heinrich)
n. comb. Maine.

Ichneumon pseudovivax Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 286. ♀.

Pterocormus pseudowinkleyi (Heinrich)
n. comb. Que., Maine, N. Y., Ont., Man., Alta.

Ichneumon pseudowinkleyi Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 252. ♀.

Pterocormus pumiliops (Heinrich)
n. comb. Que., Maine, Mass., N. Y., Ohio.

Ichneumon pumiliops Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 276. ♀.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 970 (variation).

Pterocormus purpuripennis (Cresson)
Calif.

Ichneumon purpuripennis Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 175. ♀.

Taxonomy: Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc 30: 350.

Pterocormus pusillamoenus (Heinrich)
n. comb. Newfoundland (insular). Que., Maine, Ont.
Ichneumon pusillamoenus Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 272. ♀.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1976 (1975). Nat. Canad. 102: 762-763 (male described).

Pterocormus putus (Cresson)
Newfoundland (insular) s. to D. C, w. to Iowa. Host: Itame sulphurea (Pack.).

Ichneumon putus Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 173. ♀.

Pterocormus pycnocephalus (Heinrich)
n. comb. Yukon, B. C.

Ichneumo7i pycnocephalus Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 223 (key), 261. 9 The
variant spelling "pycnocephalos" which appeared on p. 261 was rejected in favor of

Pterocormus pycnocephalus
***authority mismatch
by Peck (1964).

Taxonomy: Peck, 1964. Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 35: 892.

Pterocormus saucius (Cresson)
n. comb. Que. w. to Mont., s. to N. C. and HI. Host: Paranthrene perlucida
(Bsk.), P. si)nulans (Grt.). In the U. S. Natl. Museum collection there are three males
from Missoula, Mont, reared together with the type material oi Paranthrene perlucida.
I have seen several females which were collected in hibernation in Nov. and Dec. in Va.
Ichneumon saucius Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 137. ♀.
Ichneumon torvinus Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 292. ♂.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1959. Ent. News 70: 209 (syn.). —Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21:
335-336; 23: 373.




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Pterocormus seditiosus (Cresson)
Colo.

Ichneumon seditiosus Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 172. ♀.

Pterocormus semicoccineus (Cresson)
N. Y., Del, Va., S. C. Heinrich (1961) erroneously stated that the

"holotype" of semicoccineus is from '"Western Territory' (= Western U. S. A.);" in the
original description Cresson said "Hab.. —Delaware and Virginia," and Cresson (1916)
selected a lectotype from Virginia. Heinrich (1961) identified a paralectotype from Del.
as semicoccineus, but the identity of the lectotype seems to remain an open question if
the specimen Heinrich thought to be the "holotype" actually was labeled "Western
Territory."
Ichneumon semicoccineus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 179. ♂.

Taxonomy: Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 291 (syn.). —Cresson, 1916. Amer. Ent.

Soc, Mem. 1: 54. —Heinrich, 1959. Ent. News 70: 207 (syn.). —Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent.

Sup. 21: 311-312.

Pterocormus similaris (Provancher)
Newfoundland (n. Labrador) w. to Alaska, s. to Que. and Oreg.

Ichneumon similaris Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 26. ♂.

Automalus iiigropHosus Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 148. ♂.

Pterocormus stagnophilos (Heinrich)
n. comb. Newfoundland (insular), N. Y., Ont.

Ichneumon stagnophilos Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 249. ♀.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1969. Nat. Canad. 96: 940 (male described).

Pterocormus subdolus (Cresson)
N. S. w. to Alta., s. to w. N. C. and s. Mich.

Ichneumon subdolus Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 298. ♀.
Amblyteles (Pterocormus) quadrizonatus Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat.
Hist. Survey Bui. 22: 352, 357. ♂.

Pterocormus subrestrictus (Viereck)
N. Mex.

Cratichneumon restrictus var. subrestrictus Viereck, 1903. In Skinner, Amer. Ent. Soc,
Trans. 29: 77. ♂.

Pterocormus substituens (Heinrich)
n. comb. Mass., Ohio.

Ichneumon substituens Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 265. ♀.

Pterocormus suburbanus (Heinrich)
n. comb. N. S. w. to Alta., s. to Conn, and Mich.

Ichneumon subxirbanus Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 307. ♂, ♀.

Pterocormus subversatus (Heinrich)
n. comb. Que., Maine, Ont.

Ichneumon subversatus Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 283. ♀.

Pterocormus trigemellus (Heinrich)
n. comb. N. W. T., Man.

Ichneumon trigemellus Heinrich, 1956. Canad. Ent. 88: 484. ♀.

Pterocormus tritus (Heinrich)
n. comb. Que., Maine, N. Y., Ont.

Ichneumon tritus Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 256. ♀.

Pterocormus truculentus (Cresson)
Que., N. H., Mich.

Ichneuynon truculentus Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 150. ♀.

Pterocormus tumidifrons (Cresson)
Mich., 111.

Ichneumon ttwiidifrons Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 311. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1951. In Muesebeck et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2:

297 (syn.). -Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 267-268.

Pterocormus ultimus (Cresson)
Que. s. to Md., w. to Mich, and Ohio.

Ichneumon ultimus Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 178. ♀.

Pterocormus unalaskae (Ashmead)
Southwestern Alaska.

Stenickneumon unalaskae Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc 4: 148. ♂.

Pterocormus uncinatus (Cresson)
Ont., Mich., Alta., Alaska.

Ichneumon uncinatus Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 159. ♀.

Pterocormus valdopacus (Heinrich)
n. comb. Maine, N. Y.

Ichneumon valdopacus Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 286. ♀.




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Pterocormus vecors (Cresson)
"Hudson's Bay Territory." This species has not been included in any of the

pubHcations of Heinrich, not even those dealing with arctic and subarctic Ichneumoninae

(Heinrich [1956, 1958]).
Ichneumon ventralis Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 308. ♀. Preocc. by Cresson,

1865.
Ichneumon vecors Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 172. N. name for /. ventralis

Cresson, 1867.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1956. Canad. Ent. 88: 477-487. —Heinrich, 1958. Canad. Ent. 90:
739-741.

Pterocormus versabilis (Cresson)
Que., Maine, Vt., Mass., Conn., N. Y., Pa., Ohio, Mich. At least one and

probably all of the host records quoted from the literature by Heinrich (1961) are based
upon misidentifications.
Ichneumon versabilis Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 161. ♂.
Amblyteles (Pteroconnus) brittoni Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist.
Survey Bui. 22: 347, 348, 358. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1944. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 397-398 (syn.). —Heinrich, 1959. Ent.
News 70: 208. -Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 281-283.

Pterocormus vicinus (Cresson)
Mich.?, 111. Heinrich (1961) knew this species only from the holotype and
was uncertain whether it should be placed in Pterocormus or Cratichneiimon.
Ichneumon vicinus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc 3: 169. ♀. Preocc. by Cuvier, 1833
and Fonscolombe, 1847; not renamed here because of taxonomic uncertainties.

Pterocormus vinulentus (Cresson)
Wyo., Colo., Alaska, Wash.

Ichneumon vinulentus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc 3: 162. ♂.

Pterocormus vivax (Cresson)
N. H., Ont, Ohio.

Ichneumon vivax Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 178. ♀.

Pterocormus volesus (Cresson)
N. S. w. to Alta., s. to N. Y., Mich., and Colo.

Ichneumon volesus Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 304. ♀.

Amblyteles balteatus Hopper, 1938. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 64: 97. ♂. Preocc. in
Pterocormus by Wesmael, 1845.

Pterocormus walleyi (Heinrich)
n. comb. Maine, Ont.

Ichneumon walleyi Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 338. ♀. Preocc. secondarily by
Ichneumon walleyi (Heinrich), 1961.
weetnsi (Heinrich), n. comb. Fla. Host: Leucania latiuscula H.-S.
Ichneumon weemsi Heinrich, 1972. Nat. Canad. 99: 175. ♂, ♀.

Pterocormus winkleyi (Viereck)
N. B., Que., Maine, Conn., Ont., Ohio, Mich., Mo.?

Amblyteles (Pterocormus) winkleyi Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist.
Survey Bui. 22: 347, 348, 358. ♀.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1959. Ent. News 70: 208.

Pterocormus zelotypus (Cresson)
Que., Maine, N. H., N. Y., N. J., W. Va., Ont., Ohio, Mich., Alta.
Ichneumon zelotypus Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 299. ♂.
Ichneumon lividulus Provancher, 1877. Nat. Canad. 9: 10. ♀.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1959. Ent. News 70: 209 (syn.).

Genus CHASMIAS Ashmcad

Chasmodes Wesmael, 1845 (1844). [Brussels] Acad. Roy. de Belg., Nouveaux Mem. 18: 15.
Preocc. by Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1836.

Type-species: Ichneumon motatorius Gravenhorst. Desig. by Ashmead, 1900. The
type-species is Gravenhorst's identification of/, motatorius Fabricius.
Chasmias Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 17. N. name for Chasmodes Wesmael.

This is a very small Holarctic genus.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 211, 212, 336; 23: 373. —Townes, Momoi, and
Townes, 1965. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 458 (syn.).




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Chasmias scelestus (Cresson)
Maine s. to N. C, w. to Wis., Iowa, and La. Host: Achatodes zeae (Harris),
Arzama sp., Papaipema cataphracta (Grt.), P. impecimiosa (Grt.), Parapamea
buffaloensis (Grt.).
Ichneumon scelestus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 148. ♀.

Subtribe HOPLISMENINA

Genus HYBOPHORELLUS Schuiz

Hybophorus Tischbein, 1875. Stettin. Ent. Ztg. 36: 281. Preocc. by Waterhouse, 1853.

Type-species: Ichneumon aulicus Gravenhorst. Monotypic.
Hybophorellus Schuiz, 1911 (1909). Zool. Ann. 4: 38. N. name for Hybophonis Tischbein.

This is a very small Holarctic genus.

Hybophorellus baffinensis Heinrich
Northeastern N. W. T.

Hybophorellus baffinensis Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 26: 565. ♂.
injucundus nearcticus Heinrich. N. W. T. H. injucundus injucundus (Wesmael) is European.

Hybophorellus injucundus nearcticus Heinrich, 1957 (1956). Canad. Ent. 88: 650. ♂, ♀.

Hybophorellus townesi Heinrich
Southern Sask.

Hybophorellus townesi Heinrich, 1957 (1956). Canad. Ent. 88: 649.

Genus HOPLISMENUS Gravenhorst

Hoplismenus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 409.

Type-species: Hoplismenus moestus Gravenhorst. Desig. by Westwood, 1840. The
type-species is regarded as a synonym of H. albifrons Gravenhorst.
Peritaenius Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 190.

Type-species: Peritaenius bavaricus Clement. Included and desig. by Clement, 1927.
The type-species is regarded as a synonym of H. istrianus (Clement).
Rhysaspis Tischbein, 1874. Stettin. Ent. Ztg. 35: 139.

Type-species: Rhysaspis rugosus Tischbein. Monotypic.
Zanthojoppa Cameron, 1901. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 7: 378.

Type-species: Zanthojoppa trilineata Cameron. Monotypic.
Xanthojoppa (!) Cameron, 1903. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 11: 182.
Xanthojoppa Morley, 1915. Rev. Ichn. Brit. Mus., v. 4, p. 89. Emend.
Taeniaspis Clement, 1927. Konowia 6: 72.

Type-species: Taeniaspis flavitar sis Clement. Monotypic.

This is a moderate sized genus of Neotropic, Holarctic, and Oriental distribution.

Revision: Swift, 1946. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 39: 397-407.

Hoplismenus arizonensis Swift
Ariz.

Hoplismenus arizonensis Swift, 1946. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 39: 404. ♀.

Hoplismenus morulus
***authority mismatch
flavitarsis (Cresson). Colo., N. Mex., Utah.

Trogus flavitarsis Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 264. ♂.

Hoplismenus morulus
***authority mismatch
morulus (Say). P. E. I. s. to Va., w. to s.w. N. W. T. and Kans. Host: Cynthia cardui
(L.)?, Nyntphalis antiopa (L.), Polygonia comma (Harris), P. interrogationis {¥.).
Ichneumon morulus Say, 1829. Contrib. Maclurian Lyceum to Arts and Sci. 1: 73. ♀.
Ichneumon calcaratus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (1): 21 (key); 7 (3): 49. ♂. Preocc.
by Rossi, 1794.

Hoplismenus morulus
***authority mismatch
pacificus Cresson. Mont., Ida., s. B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif. Host: Nymphalis
californica (Bdv.).
Hoplismenus pacificus Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 186. ♂, ♀.

Hoplismenus polyleucos Heinrich
Southern Ont.

Hoplismenus polyleucos Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 26: 659. ♂.

Hoplismenus praeruptus Swift
Conn., N. Y., Ont.?, Wash.

Hoplismenus praeruptus Swift, 1946. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 39: 407. ♀.

Hoplismenus rutilus
***authority mismatch
borealis Heinrich. Man., Sask., w. N. W. T.

Hoplismenus rutilus borealis Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 26: 657.



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Hoplismenus rutilus
***authority mismatch
rutilus (Cresson). P. E. I., Que., Maine, Mass., R. I., Conn., Pa., Va., Ont.

Ichneumon rutilus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 169. ♀.

Ichneumon scutellatua Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (1): 24 (key); 7 (3): 78. d (9
misdet.?). Preocc. by Geoffrey, 1785. Barron (1975) has shown that the specimen selected
as lectotype by Gahan and Rohwer (1917) had been erroneously labeled, and Barron
selected a valid lectotype.

Taxonomy: Gahan and Rohwer, 1917. Canad. Ent. 49: 432. —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102:
562.

Hoplismenus rutilus
***authority mismatch
transversus Davis. Wyo., Colo., Ida., Oreg.

Hoplix)nenu>i franscemuH Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 351. ♂.
Hoplisnienus rutilus tenuis Swift, 1946. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 39: 407. ♀.

Tribe ICHNEUMONINI

With exception of the Old-World genus Lymantrichneumon, females of this tribe do not
hibernate.

Subtribe ICHNEUMONINA

Genus SYSPASIS Townes

Syspasis Townes, 1965. In Townes, Momoi, and Townes, Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 5: 429,
595, 603.

Type-species: Ichneumon scuiellator Gravenhorst. Orig. desig.

This is a small Holarctic genus.

Syspasis tauma (Heinrich)
Que., Maine, N. Y., n.w. S. C, Ont., Mich., Minn.; Europe. Host: Tigroides
bicolor (Grt.), Paraphia sp.?, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.).
Coelichneumon taunia Heinrich, 1951. Bonner Zool. Beitr. 2: 253. ♀.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1953. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 45: 148. —Heinrich, 1969. Nat. Canad. 96: 939-940.

Genus ICHNEUMON Linnaeus

Ichneumon Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., ed. 10, p. 560.

Type-species: Ichneumon comitator Linnaeus. Desig. by Curtis, 1839.
Coelichneumon Thomson, 1893. Opusc. Ent. 18: 1901.

Type-species: Ichneumon lineator Gravenhorst. Desig. by Ashmead, 1900. The
type-species is Gravenhorst's misidentification of/, lineator Fabricius; the latter
is a species of Syspasis while /. lineator in the sense of Gravenhorst is regarded
as a synonym of/, comitator Linnaeus.
Cyanojoppa Cameron, 1902. Ztschr. System. Hym. Dipt. 2: 398.

Type-species: Cyanojoppa rufo-femorata Cameron. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from
four species included by Cameron, 1903.
Tapha)tes Cameron, 1903. Entomologist 36: 239. Heinrich (1966) gave Taphanes subgeneric
status.

Type-species: Taphanes rufiventris Cameron. Monotypic.
Spilojoppa Cameron, 1904. Entomologist 37: 208.

Type-species: Spilojoppa fulvipes Cameron. Monotypic. The type-species is a
synonym of I. fulvi)nanus Townes, Townes, and Gupta.
Shalisa Cameron, 1904. Ztschr. System. Hym. Dipt. 4: 221.
Type-species: Shalisa fulvipes Cameron. Monotypic.
Lodryca Cameron, 1904. Ztschr. System. Hym. Dipt. 4: 223.

Type-species: Lodryca lineaticeps Cameron. Monotypic.
Eugyrus Townes, 1946. Bol. Ent. Venezolana 5: 57.

Type-species: Ichneumon aharado Cresson. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is a large genus of Neotropic. Holarctic, and Oriental distribution.

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1966. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: 284-285 (syn.). —Heinrich,
1966. Ent. Tidskr. 87: 188-192.




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Ichneumon albicoxa (Heinrich)
n. comb. N. Y., N. C, Ont., Mich., Wis.

Coelichneumon albicoxa Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 81. ♂.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 964-965 (variation and female description).

Ichneumon ater Cresson
Que. w. to s.e. Alaska, s. to N. C, 111., and Wash.

Ichneumon ater Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 138. ♀.

Ichneumon azotus Cresson
Que. s. to Ala., w. to Mich., Kans., and Tex.

Ichneumon Azotus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 150. ♂.
Ichneumon agnitus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 151. ♀.

Ichneumon barnstoni (Morley)
Newfoundland (insular). Pa., Md., "Hudson Bay", Ont., Mich., Wis., Alta.
Coelichneumon barnstoni Morley, 1915. Rev. Ichn. Brit. Mus., v. 4, p. 130. 6 (female
misdet.).

Taxonomy: Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 105.

Ichneumon brunneri Rohwer
Maine w. to Idaho, s. to Va., Iowa, w. Nebr., and Utah. Host: Dioryctria
auranticella (Grt.), D. disclusa Heinr., D. zimmermanni (Grt.).
Ichneumon brunneri Rohwer, 1914. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 15: 180. ♂, ♀.

Ichneumon chalybeus Cresson
Mass., Mich.

Ichneumon chalybeus Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 146. ♀.
Ichneumon chalybaeus (!) Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 873.
Coelichneumon chalybaeus Morley, 1915. Rev. Ichn. Brit. Mus., v. 4, p. 128. Emend.

Ichneumon citimus Cresson
N. H. Known only from the holotype.

Ichneumon citinius Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 144. ♂.

Ichneumon columbianus (Heinrich)
n. comb. Mich., B. C.

Coelichneumon coluntbianus Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 38. ♀.
deliratorius cinctitarsis Provancher. P. E. I. w. to s. B. C, s. to N. C, Mich., and S. Dak.
Ichneumon varipes Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (1): 22 (key); 7 (2): 50. ♂. Preocc. by

Gravenhorst, 1829.
Ichneumon signatipes Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (1): 22 (key); 7 (2): 52. ♀. Preocc.

by Cresson, 1867.
Ichneumon cinctitarsis Provancher, 1877. Nat. Canad. 9: 7. N. name for /. varipes

Provancher.
Ichneumon stygicus Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 151. N. name for /.

Ichneumon signatipes Provancher


Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1959. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 43: 149. —Heinrich, 1959. Canad. Ent. 91:
806. -Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 21: 331. —Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. SS: 967.

Ichneumon duffieldi (Heinrich)
n. comb. N. Y.

Coelichneumon duffieldi Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 965. ♀.

Ichneumon eximiops (Heinrich)
n. comb. Maine, N. Y., Wis., 111., Iowa, Kans. Host: Achatodes zeae
(Harris).
Coelichneumon eximiops Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 49. ♂, ♀.

Ichneumon eximius Stephens
Newfoundland (insular) w. to Oreg., s. to Ga., Miss., Tex., and n. Mex.
Host: Arctiid?, Datana ministra (Drury), Abagrotis placida (Grt.), Acronicta sp.
Ichneumon eximius Stephens, 1833. Nomencl. Brit. Ins., ed. 2, app. Nomen nudum.
Ichneumon eximius Stephens, 1835. Illus. Brit. Ent., v. 7, p. 186. [female].
Ichneumon caeruleus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 149. ♀.

Taxonomy: Morley, 1902. Ent. Monthly Mag. 38: 120 (attempt to place from description).
—Perkins, 1953. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 3: 107, 110 (located specimen presumed
to be exiniius holotype). —Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc Wash., Proc 63: 107, 169 (confirmation
of identity of presumed holotype of eximius). —Heinrich, 1969. Nat. Canad. 96: 939
(variation).

Ichneumon flagellator (Heinrich)
n. comb. Colo., Calif. The holotype was collected in July at Fort Collins,

Colo, in the 1890's by C. F. Baker.
Coelichneumon flagellator Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 71. 9. Preocc in

Ichneumon by I. flagellator Fabricius, apparently a forgotten species which would not

be a species of Ichneumoninae.




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Ichneumon foxleei (Heinrich)
n. comb. Southern B. C. Not to be confused nomenclatorially with
Pteroconmis foxleei (Heinrich).

Coelichnemnon foxleei Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 52. ♀.

Ichneumon histricus Cresson
P. E. I. w. to B. C, s. to w. N. C, Kans., and Idaho.

Ichnetimon histricus Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 294. ♂.

Ichneumon germanus Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 143. ♀.

Ichneumon jejunus Cresson
Que. w. to B. C, s. to Fla. and Ariz. Host: Alypia octomaculata (F.).

Ischnus jejunus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 186. ♂.

Ichneumon apertus Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 293. ♀.

Ichneumon leucographus (Heinrich)
n. comb. Maine, Ont.

Coelichneumon leucographus Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 39. ♂, ♀.

Ichneumon magniscopa (Heinrich)
n. comb. Maine, Mass., N. Y., N. C, Fla., Ont.

Coelichneumon magniscopa Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 37. ♂, ♀.

Ichneumon masoni (Heinrich)
n. comb. Southwestern B. C. Not to be confused nomenclatorially with
Pteroconnus viasoni (Heinrich), 1956.

Coelichneumon masoni Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 43. ♀.

Ichneumon maurus Cresson
Que. w. to N. W. T. and B. C, s. to Ga., Mo., and Utah.

Ichneumon Maurus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc 3: 135. ♀.

Ichneumon navus Say
Que. s. to Fla., w. to Mich., Kans., and Tex. Host: Hyphantria cunea (Drury), looper
defoliating cypress, noctuid.

Ichneumon navus Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 229. ♂, ♀.

Ichneumon cinctipes Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (1): 22 (key); 7 (2): 51. ♀. Preocc. by
Retzius, 1783.

Ichneumon neocitimus (Heinrich)
n. comb. Southern N. W. T., s.w. Yukon.

Coelichneumon neocitimus Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 79. cJ, 9.

Ichneumon neocretatus (Heinrich)
n. comb. Newfoundland (insular), Que., Maine, N. Y., Ont., Mich.,
Kans.?, Sask.

Coelichneumon neocretatus Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 51.

Ichneumon neomexicanus (Heinrich)
n. comb. N. Mex. The holotype was collected on Sept. 12 (not 13),
1916 by C[arl] Heinrich.
Coelichneumon neomexicanus Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 40. ♀.

Ichneumon nigraticolor (Viereck)
Que., Maine, Mass., R. I., Conn., Pa., Ont., Ohio, Mich.

Amblyteles (Chasmias /) nigraticolor Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat.
Hist. Survey Bui. 22: 344, 355. ♀.

Ichneumon nigrosignatus Viereck
Ariz. A brief redescription of the holotype is given by Heinrich (1961),
but 7iigrosig7iatus was not included in his key; Heinrich said that it would run to

Ichneumon pervagus Cresson

Ichneumon {Barichneumon) nigrosignatus Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 297. ♂.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 82.

Ichneumon nudus (Heinrich)
n. comb. Maine, Ga. The holotype (from Summerville, Ga.) is apparently the
specimen idehtified as Ichneumon sp. by Fattig (1950).
Coelichneumon nudus Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 40. ♂.

Taxonomy: Fattig, 1950. Emory Univ. Mus. Bui. 9: 40. —Heinrich, 1969. Nat. Canad. 96: 937-939 (male described).

Ichneumon obscuratus (Heinrich)
n. comb. Southern B. C.

Coelichneumon obscuratus Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 45. ♀. Preocc.
secondarily in Ichneumon by Habermehl, 1916 {Pterocomius subquadratus var.

Ichneumon obscuratus
***authority mismatch
[Habermehl]).

Ichneumon orpheus Cresson
Que. w. to B. C, s. to Va., Mo., Utah, and Oreg. Host: Ecpantheria scribonia
(Stoll), notodontid.
Ichneumon Orpheus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 136. ♀.

Ichneumon pepticus Cresson
N. J.?, Mich., Ill, Iowa, Mo., Colo., Wash., Oreg.

Ichneumon pepticus Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 148. ♂.




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Ichneumon pervagus Cresson
Newfoundland (Labrador), N. S., Maine, N. H., Conn., N. Y., Mich., B. C

Host: Scoliopteryx libatrix (L.).
Ichneumon pervagus Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 148. ♂.
Amblyteles (Chasmias .<') pequoitonim Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat.

Hist. Survey Bui. 22: 345, 355. ♀.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1959. Ent. News 70: 207 (syn.).
phaenomcnon (Heinrich), n. comb. Maine, N. Y., Alta., Alaska.

Coelichneumon phaenomenon Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 35. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 962-963 (variation).

Ichneumon pomilioaeneus (Heinrich)
n. comb. Maine.

Coelichneumon pojnilioaeneus Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 29, 50. 9. The
alternate spelling "pomiloaeneus" (p. 29) was rejected in favor oi pomilioaeneus by
Peck, 1964.

Taxonomy: Peck, 1964. Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 35: 891.

Ichneumon pulcher Brulle
Maine, R. I., Conn., N. Y., D. C, n. Ga., s. Fla., Ont., Ark., La.; Mexico.

Ichneumon pulcher Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 304. 9 (male
misdet.).

Taxonomy: Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 109.

Ichneumon pulcherior (Heinrich)
n. comb. Mont., Colo., Ariz., B. C. Host: Phaeoura mexicanaria (Grt.).

Coelichneumon pulcherior Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 36. ♀.

Ichneumon pumilionobilis (Heinrich)
n. comb. Newfoundland (insular), Maine, Ont., Mich.; Europe.

Coelichneumon pumilionobilis Heinrich, 1951. Bonner Zool. Beitr. 2: 251. ♂, ♀.

Coelichneumon pumiliosimilis (!) Heinrich, 1953. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 43: 148.

Ichneumon punctifer (Heinrich)
n. comb. N. Y., Md., Va., Tex.

Coelichneumon punctifer Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 77. ♂, ♀.

Ichneumon quadraticeps (Heinrich)
n. comb. Md., Va., W. Va., Mich.

Coelichneumon quadraticeps Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 78. ♂, ♀.

Ichneumon rubricoxa (Heinrich)
n. comb. Calif.

Coelichneumon rubricoxa Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 72. ♂, ♀.

Ichneumon rubroaeneus (Heinrich)
n. comb. Northeastern Calif.

Coelichneumon rubroaeneus Heinrich 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 44. ♀.

Ichneumon sassacoides (Heinrich)
n. comb. Southern B. C. s. to s. Calif.

Coelichneumon sassacoides Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 42. ♀.

Ichneumon sassacus (Viereck)
Que. s. to w. N. C, w. to Mich.

Amblyteles (Coelichneumon) sassacus Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat.
Hist. Survey Bui. 22: 349, 360. ♀.

Ichneumon semilaevis Cresson
Eastern Que., N. W. T., B. C, Calif.

Ichneumon semilaevis Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 142. ♀.

Ichneimion semilevis Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 989. Emend.

Ichneumon similior (Heinrich)
n. comb. Maine, Ont.

Coelichneumon similior Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 44. ♀.

Ichneumon terebratus (Heinrich)
n. comb. Colo.

Coelichneumon terebratus Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 70. ♀.

Ichneumon terebrifer (Heinrich)
n. comb. Va.

Coelichneumon terebrifer Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 71. ♀.

Ichneumon viola Cresson
N. Y. s. to Fla., w. to Wis., Nebr., and Ariz.

Ichneumon viola Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 137. ♀.

Ichneumon vittifrons Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 143. ♂.

Ichneumon recens Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 153. ♂.

Ichneumon vitalis Cresson
Maine w. to Oreg., s. to Ga., Ala., Colo., and Utah.

Ichneumon vitalis Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 149. ♀.

Ichneumon walleyi (Heinrich)
n. comb. Ont., B. C. Not to be confused with Pterocormus walleyi
(Heinrich).

Coelichneumon walleyi Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 77. ♂, ♀.




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Genus COELICHNEUMONOPS Heinrich

Coelichnetimonops Heinrich, 1958. Canad. Ent. 90: 739.

Type-species: Coelichneuvionops vockerothi Heinrich. Orig. desig.

This is a small genus of Holarctic distribution.

Coelichneumonops cashmani Heinrich
Northern Yukon.

Coelichneumonops caslnuani Heinrich, 1958. Canad. Ent. 90: 740. ♀.

Coelichneumonops occidentalis (Roman)
Northern Que., n.e. N. W. T.; Greenland.

Coelkhneumon soiutus var. occidentalis Roman, 1934. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 14: 606. ♂.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 85. — Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash.,
Proc. 63: 105.
soiutus (Holmgren). Northern Que., N. H.; n. Europe.

Ichneumon soiutus Holmgren, 1864. Ichn. Suecica, v. 1, p. 145. ♀.
Coelichneumonops vockerothi Heinrich, 1958. Canad. Ent. 90: 739. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 83-84.

Coelichneumonops walkleyae Heinrich
Southwestern B. C. Apparently known only from the holotype which was
collected at Vancouver, B. C. on May 1, [19]04 (not 1940).
Coelichneumonops walkleyae Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 85. ♀.

Genus PROTICHNEUMON Thomson

Protichneumon Thomson, 1893. Opusc. Ent. 18: 1899.

Type-species: Ichneumon fusorius Linnaeus. Desig. by Ashmead, 1900.
Protichneumon subg. Metopichneiimon Uchida, 1935. Insecta Matsumurana 10: 13.

Type-species: Protichneumon {Metopichneumon) superomediae Uchida. Monotypic
and orig. desig.

This is a moderate sized Holarctic and Oriental genus which is rather arbitrarily separated
from Ichneumon. The usual hosts are Sphingidae.

Taxonomy: Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 530-531 (syn.).

Protichneumon effigies Heinrich
Newfoundland (insular) w. to s. B. C, s. to Ga., Miss., Kans., and Colo.

Protichneumon effigies Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 26. ♂, ♀.

Protichneumon sartoris Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 961. 9. N. syn.; this synonymy is
based upon the comparison of 19 females of effigies from throughout much of the range
with a female from Ark. identified as sartoris by Mr. Heinrich through comparison with
the holotype.

Protichneumon grandis
***authority mismatch
(BruUe). Que. w. to s. B. C, s. to Fla., Kans., N. Mex., and Oreg. Host: Dryocampa
rubicunda rubicunda (P.). Heinrich (1961) recognized three subspecies, all of which
were raised to species status by Heinrich (1971). The specimens in the U. S. Natl.
Museum collection show that variation of grandis throughout eastern North America
does not permit the recognition of well defined northern and southern subspecies, yet
alone species. Specimens also in the U. S. Natl. Museum collection from Colo., N. Mex.,
Utah, and Oreg. seem to indicate that victoriae Heinrich cannot be recognized as a
distinct subspecies either.

Ichneumon grandis Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 300. ♀.

Ichneumon ambigiius Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 161. ♂.

Ichneumon regnatrix Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 178. ♀.

Protichneumon grandis victoriae Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 25. 6, 9. N.
syn.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1961. Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 22-26. —Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash.,
Proc. 63: 108. —Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 29: 862. —Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 962.

Protichneumon polytropus Heinrich
Southeastern N. C. Ecology: The host pupa from which the holotype was
reared was found in a bark crevice on Taxodium distichum. Host: Sphingid. The




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species is apparently known only from the holotype, which may not be an entirely
normal specimen; it emerged in the laboratory on Jan. 12, 1905 (host pupa collected Nov.
1, 1904) and was apparently killed before it had completely hardened and darkened
because the pupal skin had not been completely shed from either antenna.
Protichneumon polyfropus Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 22, 27. S. The
variant spelling "polytropos" which appeared on page 22 was rejected in favor of

Protichneumon polytropus
***authority mismatch
by Heinrich (1962).

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 29: 862.
radtkeorutn Heinrich. N. Y., Pa., Md., Va., Fla., Kans.

Protichneumon radtkeoruvi Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 962. Nomen nudum.
Protichneumon radtkeorum Heinrich, 1972. Nat. Canad. 99: 174. cJ, 9.

Genus AMBLYJOPPA Cameron

Amblyjoppa Cameron, 1902 (Apr.). Entomologist 35: 108.

Type-species: Amblyjoppa rnfo-balteata Cameron. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Hadrojoppa Cameron, 1902 (Nov.). Ztschr. System. Hym. Dipt. 2: 396.

Type-species: Hadrojoppa annulitarsis Cameron. Monotypic.
Glyptojoppa Cameron, 1906. Entomologist 39: 229.

Type-species: Glyptojoppa sulcata Cameron. Monotypic.
Cnemojoppa Cameron, 1907. Tijdschr. v. Ent. 50: 77. Nomen nudum.
Cnemojoppa Heinrich, 1937. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 20: 261, 277.

Type-species: Amblyjoppa rufipes Cameron. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is a moderate sized genus of Oriental and Holarctic distribution.

Taxonomy: Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 533 (syn.).

Amblyjoppa magna (Cresson)
Nebr., Colo.

Ichneumon magnus Cresson, 1865. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 191. ♂.

Genus CATADELPHOPS Heinrich

Catadelphops Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 29: 863.

Type-species: Trogus buccatus Cresson. Monotypic and orig. desig.

Catadelphops buccatus (Cresson)
Idaho, Nev., B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif

Trogus buccatus Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 199. ♀.

Genus NEAMBLYJOPPA Heinrich

Neamblyjoppa Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 29: 865.

Type-species: Neamblyjoppa nasuta Heinrich. Monotypic and orig. desig.

Neamblyjoppa nasuta Heinrich
Ariz.

Neamblyjoppa 7iasuta Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 29: 866. ♀.

Genus CATADELPHUS Wesmael

Catadelphus Wesmael, 1854. [Brussels] Acad. Roy. de Belg., Bui. 22, App., p. 134.
Type-species: Ichneumon arrogator Fabricius. Monotypic.

This is a small Holarctic genus.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 967-968.

Catadelphus atrox (Cresson)
S. Dak., Kans., Okla., Tex., Wyo., Colo., N. Mex., Alta., Calif Host:

Proserpinus juauita (Stkr.). Specimens with uniformly infuscated wings have been
recorded from all above listed localities except Alta., while specimens with banded
wings ("var. margi7iipen7iis") are known from "Dakota Territory," Kans., Wyo., N. Mex.,
and Alta.
Trogus marginipennis Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 93. ♂. N. syn.
Trogus atrox Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 93. ♀.

Catadelphus ochraceus Heinrich
Okla.

Catadelphus ochraceus Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 29:*813. ♂.




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Catadelphus ruberior Heinrich
Miss.

Catadelphus ruberior Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 968. ♂, ♀.

Catadelphus semiruber Hopper
Mich., w. Ont., Wyo., B. C.

Catadelphiis semiruber Hopper, 1939. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 65: 342. ♀.

Tribe TROGUSINI
Revision: Hopper, 1939. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 65: 307-339, 344-345.

Subtribe CALLAJOPPINA
All species are thought to be parasites of Sphingidae.

Ta.xonomy: Heinrich, 1967. Synopsis and Reclassif. Ichneumoninae Stenopneusticae Africa
So. of Sahara, v. 1, p. 230, 233.

Genus GNAMPTOPELTA Hopper

Gnamptopelta Hopper, 1939. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 65: 333.
Type-species: Trogus obsidianator Brulle. Orig. desig.

Gnamptopelta obsidianator
***authority mismatch
austrina (Cresson). N. C, S. C, Ga., Fla.

Trogus austrinus Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 92. ♂, ♀.

Gnamptopelta obsidianator
***authority mismatch
obsidianator (Brulle). Que. w. to Man., s. to Ga., s. La., Tex., and N. Mex.

Trogus obsidianatar Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 299. "♀"=♂.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc 63: 113 (lectotype selection).

Genus CALLAJOPPA Cameron

Callajoppa Cameron, 1903. Entomologist 36: 236.

Type-species: Callajoppa bilineata Cameron. Monotypic The type-species is
regarded as a subspecies of C. cirragaster (Schrank).

Callajoppa cirrogaster
***authority mismatch
cirrogaster (Schrank). Ont.?; Europe. Townes, Momoi, and Townes (1965) seem to

have implied that the two specimens in the Canadian National Collection which are

labeled as being collected at Toronto, Ont. by A. Gibson are mislabeled. C. cin-ogaster

bilineata Cameron occurs in eastern Asia.
Ichneumon cirragaster Schrank, 1781. Enum. Ins. Austriae, p. 348. ♂.
Ichneumon nigro-caudatus Retzius, 1783. Genera and Species Insectorum, p. 68. Sex not

indicated.
Ichneumon crocatus Geoffrey, 1785. In Fourcroy, Ent. Parisiensis, v. 2, p. 399. ♂, ♀.
Ichneumon lutorius Fabricius, 1787. Mantissa Insectorum, v. 1, p. 262. cJ, 9.
Ichneumon cirrhogaster (!) Gmelin, 1790. hi Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 13, v. 1, p. 2683.
Ichneumon rubriconiutus Christ, 1791. Naturgesch. Class. Nomencl. Ins., p. 347. Sex not

indicated.
Ichneumon dessinator Olivier, 1792. Encycl. Meth., Diet. Ins., v. 7, p. 174. Sex not

indicated.
Ichneumon scutellaris Olivier, 1792. Encycl. Meth., Diet. Ins., v. 7, p. 198. Sex not

indicated.
Ichneumon imperatorius Panzer, 1804. D. J. C. Schaefferi Iconum Ins. ... Syst., p. 201. Sex

not indicated.
Ichneumon obscuratorius Gravenhorst, 1807. Vergl. Uebers. Zool. Systeme, p. 255. Sex not

indicated. Possibly preocc. by Panzer, 1806-1809.
Trogus Atrapos Curtis, 1828. Brit. Ent., v. 5, no. 234. Sex not indicated.
Ichneumon nigricaudatus Stephens, 1829. Nomencl. Brit. Ins., pt. 1, p. 349. Nomen nudum.
Trogus atrocaudatus Stephens, 1835. lllus. Brit. Ent., v. 7, p. 271. Sex not indicated.
Trogus excellens Tischbein, 1882. Stettin. Ent. Ztg. 43: 485. ♂.
Callajoppa cirrogastra Perkins, 1953. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 3: 112. Emend.

Taxonomy: Hopper, 1939. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 65: 331-332. —Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent.
Sup. 29: 814-815. —Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 539-540.




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Genus TRICYPHUS Kriechbaumer

Tricyphus Kriechbaumer, 1898. Ent. Nachr. 24: 4, 30.

Type-species: Tricyphus cuspidiger Kriechbaumer. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.

This small genus is Nearctic and Neotropic.

Tricyphus apicalis (Cresson)
Vt. s. to Fla., w. to Mich, and 111. Host: Sphiiix kalmiae J. E. S.

Trogus apicalis Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 197. ♀.

Tricyphus ater Hopper
Fla., 111.

Tricyphus ater Hopper, 1939. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 65: 339. ♂.

Tricyphus elegans (Cresson)
P. E. I. s. to Fla., w. to Kans. Host: Darapsa myron (Cramer). Specimens
with banded wings have been treated as subspecifically distinct under the name elegans
elegans, but specimens with uniformly infuscated wings have been collected in the
following states or provinces where banded winged specimens are also found (in some
instances at the same localities): Mass., Conn., N. Y., Pa., D. C, Fla., Ont., and 111.
Trogus elegaiis Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 94. ♀.
Tricyphus inilpinus Szepligeti, 1900. Termes. Fuzetek 23: 288. ♀. N. syn.
Tricyphus elegans floridanus Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 29: 842. ♂. N. syn.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc 63: 113.

Genus TMETOGASTER Hopper

Conocala)na subg. Tnietogaster Hopper, 1939. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 65: 321.
Type-species: Trogus nubilipennis Haldeman. Monotypic and orig. desig.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 29: 836, 861.

Tmetogaster nubilipennis (Haldeman)
Maine s. to Ga., w. to 111. Host: Darapsa myron (Cramer),
Sphecodina abbottii (Swainson).
Trogus 7iubilipe7mis Haldeman, 1846. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 3. 127. Sex not indicated.

Genus CONOCALAMA Hopper

Conocalania Hopper, 1939. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 65: 319.
Type-species: Trogus brullei Cresson. Orig. desig.

This genus is Nearctic and Neotropic.

Conocalama bolteri (Cresson)
N. H., N. Y., Ont., Alta., w. N. W. T., B. C.

Trogus Bolteri Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 94. ♂.

Conocalama brullei (Cresson)
N. H. s. to Ga., w. to Mich., Colo., and Tex. Host: Dolba hyloeus (Drury),
Manduca sexta (L.), Paonias astyhis (Drury).
Trogus Brullei Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 196.

Conocalama canadensis (Provancher)
Que. w. to Alta., s. to Ga. and 111. Host: Paonias myops (J. E. S.).
Possibly a color phase of C. brullei according to Heinrich (1962).
Trogus Canadensis Provancher, 1877. Nat. Canad. 9: 2. ♀.
Trogus nigrocinctus Hasey, 1925. Ent. News 36: 306. ♂.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1959. Ent. News 70: 206, 207. —Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 29:

822-823.

Conocalama catalinarum Heinrich
Ariz.

Conocalania catalinarum Heinrich, 1957. Canad. Ent. 89: 334. ♂.

Conocalama copei (Cresson)
Que., Maine, Pa., W. Va., Ont.

Trogus Copei Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 94. ♂.

Conocalama copei heteropteryx Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 29: 822. ♂, ♀. N. syn.

Conocalama fuscalata Hopper
N. Y., Pa., Ont.

Conocalauia (Conocalama) fuscalata Hopper, 1939. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 65: 330. ♂, ♀.

Conocalama galbinata Hopper
N. Mex.

Conocalama (Conacala)na) galbinata Hopper, 1939. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 65: 328. ♂.

Conocalama manitobae Heinrich
Southern Man.

Conocalama manitobae Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 29: 834. ♂.




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Conocalama occidentalis (Cresson)
"Dakota Territory," Mont., Colo., s.e. Alaska, B. C, Oreg., Calif. Host:

Snierhtthiis cerisyi Kby.
Trogus occidentalis Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 92. ♂.
Conocalama (Conocalama) occidentalis var. iuteata Hopper, 1939. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 65: 326. ♂, ♀.
Conocalavia orientalis (!) Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 29: 818 (key). Lapsus for

occidentalis.

Conocalama quebecensis (Provancher)
N. S., Que., Maine, Ont., Minn., Man., Alta., B. C, Oreg. Host: Eacles

inipemlis iniperalis (Drury).
Trogus Quebecensis Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 335. ♀.
rileyi (Cresson). 111., S. Dak., Nebr., Kans., Colo., N. Mex. Heinrich (1962) and Walkley (1967)

recognized two subspecies, and incorrectly gave species status to the junior synonym T.

niellasus Cresson.
Trogus Rileyi Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 95. 9. An unlabeled specimen in

the U. S. Natl. Museum collection appears to be the holotype.
Trogus mellosus Cresson, 1876 (1875). In Wheeler, Rept. Geog. and Geol. Explor. and

Surveys W. of Hundredth Merid., v. 5 (zooL), p. 708. "♂"=♀. N. syn.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 29: 829-830. —Walkley, 1967. In Krombein et ai,
U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, sup. 2, p. 169-170.

Conocalama violipennis Hopper
Calif.

CanocaUuiia (Conacalatna) violipennis Hopper, 1939. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 65: 327. ♂.
?.

Subtribe TROGUSINA

Genus MACROJOPPA Kriechbaumer

Macrojoppa Kriechbaumer, 1898. Ent. Nachr. 24: 21.

Type-species: Trogus blandita Cresson. Desig. by Ashmead, 1900.
Aglaojoppidea Viereck, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 46: 368.

Type-species: Trogus fascipennis Cresson. Orig. desig.

This genus is mostly Neotropic, with one Nearctic species.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 29: 845-846. — Townes and Townes, 1966. Amer.
Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: 275 (syn.).

Macrojoppa fascipennis (Cresson)
Tex.

Trogus fascipennis Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 196. ♀.
Trogus fasciipennis Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 1033. Emend.

Genus TROGUS Panzer

Trogus Panzer, 1806. Krit. Rev. Insektenf. Deutschlands, v. 2, p. 80.

Type-species: Ichneumon caerulator Fabricius. Monotypic
Dinatomus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 188.

Type-species: Ichneumon lapidator Fabricius. Desig. by Ashmead, 1900 from three
species included by Berthoumieu, 1896.

This genus is Neotropic, and Oriental.

Trogus edwardsii Cresson
Mont., Idaho, s. B. C, Wash. Host: Papilia eurymedon Lucas. A specimen
in the U. S. Natl. Museum collection appearing to be intermediate between edwardsii
and pennator (Fabricius) indicates that edwardsii is probably a subspecies or possibly
only a color phase of the partially sympatric pennator.
Trogus Edivardsii Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 195. ♂.
Trogus Fletcherii Harrington, 1894. Canad. Ent. 26: 245. "♀"=♂.

Trogus flavipennis Cresson
Colo., N. Mex., Utah., Ariz.

Trogus flavipennis Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 287. ♂.
lapidator brevicaudae Heinrich. Southern Newfoundland (insular). Host: Papilia hrevicauda
Sdrs. Doubtfully distinct from lapidator panzeri Carlson.
Trogus lapidator brevicaudae Heinrich, 1976 (1975). Nat. Canad. 102: 755. ♂, ♀.




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lapidator panzeri Carlson. Yukon; n. Eurasia. Host: Papilio machaon L. T. lapidator
lapidator (Fabricius) occurs in southern Europe and North Africa.

Ichneumon coentlator Fabricius, 1804. Systema Piezatorum, p. 68. ♂. Preocc. by Weber,
1795. When I proposed the replacement name T. lapidator panzeri, I stated that /.
coerulator Fabricius, 1804 was preocc. by Fabricius, 1796, but I have since discovered
that Weber (1795) preceded Fabricius (1796) in validating coenilator as an unnecessary
replacement name for /. lapidator Fabricius, 1787 (instead of 1793).

Trogus panzeri Carlson, 1975. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc 77: 305. N. name for /. coenilator
Fabricius.

Taxonomy: Weber, 1795. Nomencl. Ent. Secundum Ent. System. Fabricii, p. 73. —Fabricius,

1796. Ent. System., Index Alphabeticus, p. 83, 84.

Trogus pennator (Fabricius)
Que. w. to Wash., s. to Fla., Kans., Nev., and Calif. Host: Papilio

brevicauda Sdrs., P. eurymedon Lucas, P. glaucus L., Papilio polyxenes asterius Stoll,
P. rutulus Lucas, P. troilus L., P. zelicaon Lucas, Graphium rnarcellus (Cramer).

Ichneumon pennator Fabricius, 1793. Ent. System., v. 2, p. 155. [female].

Trogus vulpinus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 389. [female].

Trogus exesorius Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 298. ♂, ♀.

Ichneumon asteriae Jaeger, 1859. Life of No. Amer. Insects, p. 240. Sex not indicated.

Macrojoppa califoniica Cameron, 1911. Soc. Ent. 26: 35. Sex not indicated.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 109, 110, 113.

Trogus pennator
***authority mismatch
var. fulvipes Cresson, n. status. Newfoundland (insular). Que., Maine, N. H., Vt.,

Mass., N. Y., Ont., Mich., Man., Sask., Colo., B. C, Oreg. Host: Papilio brevicauda Sdrs.,
P. glaucus L., P. eurymedon Lucas. Because fulvipes appears to be a color phase
(sympatric) rather than a subspecies oi pennator, I have chosen to treat it as a
"variety." Heinrich (1962) does not seem to have been objective in arguing that/w/v/pes
is a species distinct from pennator. In collecting "dozens of specimens" oi pennator and

Trogus fulvipes
***authority mismatch
in Maine he claimed to have seen only one "looking like an intergrade." He said
"I would guess that the specimen is an erythristic/2t/i';;)es rather than a melanistic
pennator; both types of variation are to be expected anyway, and would create the
impression of intergrades without actually being such." In the U. S. Natl. Museum
collection there are only fi\e fulvipes specimens, while there are six (from Maine, Vt.,
Mass., Pa., and Wash.) which impress me as being intergrades between pennator and
v&T. fulvipes.
Trogus fulvipes Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 93. ♂.
Trogus apicatus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 352. ♂.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 29: 849-850.

Tribe JOPPOCRYPTINI

Genus PLAGIOTRYPES Ashmead

Plagiotrypes Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 20.

Type-species: Ichneumon concinnus Say. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Neopyga Heinrich, 1930. Zool. Mus. Berlin, Mitt. 15: 545.

Type-species: Neopyga armata Heinrich. Desig. by Townes, 1944.

This small genus is Neotropic and Nearctic.

Plagiotrypes concinnus (Say)
Southern N. H. s. to Fla., w. to 111. and Tex.

Ichneumon concinnus Say, 1829. Contrib. Maclurian Lyceum to Arts and Sci. 1: 68. 9 (not
second female described).

Taxonomy: Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 194. — Cushman and Gahan, 1921. Ent.
Soc. Wash., Proc. 23: 164.

Genus NARTHECURA Townes

Narthecura Townes, 1946. Bol. Ent. Venezolana 5: 50.

Type-species: Hoplisnienus munitus Cresson. Orig. desig.




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This is a moderate sized Neotropic and Nearctic genus.

Narthecura invadens Heinrich
N. Mex., Ariz.

Narthecura invade^is Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 682. cJ, 9.

Genus LOBAEGIS Townes

Lobaegis Townes, 1946. Bol. Ent. Venezolana 5: 54.

Type-species: Ichneumon maritus Cresson. Orig. desig.

This is apparently a moderate sized Neotropic and Nearctic genus.

Lobaegis septentrionalis Heinrich
N. Y., Md., W. Va., S. C, Tenn., Ala.

Lobaegis septentrionalis Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 684. ♂, ♀.

Genus PSEUDOPLATYLABUS Smits van Burgst

Pseudoplatylabus Smits van Burgst, 1920. Ent. Ber. 5: 282.

Type-species: Pseudoplatylabus caudatus Smits van Burgst. Monotypic.

This is a small Holarctic and Oriental genus.

Pseudoplatylabus townesi Heinrich
R. I., N. Y., Md.

Pseudoplatylabus townesi Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 686. ♂, ♀.

Pseudoplatylabus violentus (Gravenhorst)
Mich.; Europe.

Ichneumon violentus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europea, v. 1, p. 613. [male].
Hoplismenus infaustus Wesmael, 1845 (1844). [Brussels] Acad. Roy. de Belg., Nouveaux

Mem. 18: 110. ♂, ♀.
Pseudoplatylabus caudatus Smits van Burgst, 1920. Ent. Ber. 5: 282. ♀.

Tribe LISTRODROMINI

Subtribe LISTRODROMINA

Species of Trogomorpha apparently parasitize Hesperiidae, but the normal hosts for other
genera in this subtribe are Lycaenidae.

Genus TROGOMORPHA Ashmead

Trogomorpha Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 15.

Type-species: Ichneumon trogiformis Cresson. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is a small Neotropic and Nearctic genus.

Trogomorpha arrogans (Cresson)
Southern Texas; Mexico, Honduras, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Panama,

Colombia, Peru. Probably only a subspecies of T. trogiformis (Cresson).
Ichneumon arrogans Cresson, 1873. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 25: 115. ♂, ♀.
Ichneumon panaynensis Cameron, 1885. Biol. Cent.-Amer., Hym., v. 1, p. 158. ♂.

Trogomorpha trogiformis (Cresson)
Central N. Y., s. Ohio, and Mo. s. to Fla. and Tex.; Puerto Rico. Host:

Ephyriades brunnea floridensis (B. and C).
Iclmeumon femigator Fabricius, 1793. Ent. System., v. 2, p. 154. Sex not indicated. Preocc.

by Swederus, 1787. Townes (1961) apparently was unable to locate any type specimen

and accepted Brulle (1846) as the first re visor of this name.
Ichneumon trogiformis Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 175. ♂.

Taxonomy: Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 295. —Townes, 1961.
Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 107.

Genus NEOTYPUS Foerster

Neotypus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 194.

Type-species: Ichneuinon lapidator Fabricius, 1793 (not 1787). Desig. by Ashmead,
1900 from two species included by Holmgren, 1871. The type-species is regarded
as a synonym of N. coreensis Uchida.
animus Tosquinet, 1896. Soc. Ent. de Belg., Mem. 5: 122.

Type-species: Cilliynus adomatus Tosquinet. Desig. by Ashmead, 1900.




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This is a small Palearctic, Oriental, and Ethiopian genus.

Neotypus nobilitator
***authority mismatch
nobilitator (Gravenhorst). Conn., N. J., Md., D. C, Va., Ohio, III, Mo., Wye, Alta.,
Oreg.; Europe. Adventive. Host: Everes coniyntas (Godt.). A'^. nobilitator orientalis
Uchida occurs in eastern Asia.

Ichneumon nobilitator Gravenhorst, 1807. Vergl. Uebers. Zool. Systeme, p. 235. ♀.

Neotypus americanus Cushman, 1926. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 67 (23): 1. ♂.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1933. Zool. Mus. Berlin, Mitt. 19: 155, 157.

Genus ANISOBAS Wesmael

Anisobas Wesmael, 1845 (1844). [Brussels] Acad. Roy de Belg., Nouveaux Mem. 18: 145.

Type-species: Ichneumon cingulatorius Gravenhorst. Desig. by Ashmead, 1900.
LycaeniphiloH Heinrich, 1933. Zool. Mus. Berlin, Mitt. 19: 158.

Type-species: Anisobas cephalotes Kriechbaumer. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is a small Holarctic and Oriental genus.

Anisobas angustior Heinrich
Newfoundland (insular), w. Tenn.

Anisobas angtistior Heinrich, 1976 (1975). Nat. Canad. 102: 780. ♀.

Anisobas bicolor Cushman
Idaho, Utah, Nev., Ariz., B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif. Host: Strymon
adenostomatis (Hy. Edw.).

Anisobas bicolor bicolor Cushman, 1926. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 67 (23): 2.

Anisobas bicolor
***authority mismatch
boreoaustralis Heinrich. Newfoundland (insular).

Anisobas bicolor boreoaustralis Heinrich, 1976 (1975). Nat. Canad. 102: 780. ♀.

Anisobas coloradensis (Cresson)
S. Dak., Colo., Idaho, Ariz.

Amblyteles coloradensis Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 193. ♀.
iuzernensis (Bradley). Que., Maine, N. Y., Pa., Ont., Mich. Host: Limacodid.

Platylabus Iuzernensis Bradley, 1903. Canad. Ent. 35: 282. ♀.

Anisobas nearcticus Cushman, 1926. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 67 (23): 2. ♀.

Anisobas separatus (Davis)
111., Tex., Ariz.

Eurylabus separatus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 353. "♂"=♀.

Anisobas texensis (Ashmead)
Conn., Man., Nebr., Tex. Host: Incisalia niphon (Hbn.), Strymon falacer
(Godt.).

Cryptus texensis Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 410. "♂"=♀.

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1951. In Krombein et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2:
282 (syn.). -Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 694-695.

Genus DIACANTHARIUS Schmiedeknccht

Diacantharius Schmiedeknccht, 1902. Opusc. Ichn., v. 1, p. 20.

Type-species: Diacantharius elegans Schmiedeknecht. Monotypic.
Lausoba Cameron, 1910 (1909). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 35: 438.

Type-species: Lausoba forticeps Cameron. Monotypic
Oedicephalopsis Heinrich, 1930. Zool. Mus. Berlin, Mitt. 15: 548.

Type-species: Oedicephalopsis peruensis Heinrich. Monotypic.

An undescribed species occurs in southern Texas. It has been reared from Strymon inelinus
melinus (Hbn.).

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1966. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: 272 (syn.).

Genus DILOPHARIUS Townes

Dilopharius Townes, 1966. In Townes and Townes, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: 332.
Type-species: Hoplismenus otomitus Cresson. Monotypic and orig. desig.

An undescribed species occurs in southern Texas.

Tribe PLATYLABINI
The members of this tribe are principally parasites of Geometridae.




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Genus APAELETICUS Wesmael

Apaeleticus Wesmael, 1845 (1844). [Brussels] Acad. Roy. de Belg., Nouveaux Mem. 18: 166.
Type-species: Apaeleficiis bellicosus Wesmael. Desig. by Ashmead, 1900.

Apaeleticus americanus Cushman
Maine, Md., D. C, Alta.?, Ariz.

ApaeleticuH atnericauun Cushman, 1926. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 67 (23): 4. ♀.

Apaeleticus brunnescens Heinrich
Maine, Mich.

Apaeleticun brunnescens Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 793. ♂, ♀.

Genus CARLSONIA Heinrich

Carlsonia Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 100: 461.

Type-species: Linycits perturbator Heinrich. Monotypic and orig. desig.

Carlsonia perturbator (Heinrich)
Maine, Mich. Known from two males from Maine and one female from
Mich.; the latter was collected with a Malaise trap situated at the edge of a rather large
area of muskeg which then was rather dry.
Linycus perturbator Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 1022. ♂.

Genus LINYCUS Cameron

Linycus Cameron, 1903. Entomologist 36: 234.

Type-species: Linycus rufipes Cameron. Monotypic.
Erythroisclinus Cameron, 1904. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 30: 252.

Type-species: Erytliroischnus annulicomis Cameron. Monotypic.

This small genus is Neotropic, Holarctic, and Oriental.

Linycus barbarae Heinrich
Newfoundland (insular). Known from a single specimen. Heinrich made no
direct comparison with the male specimens of Carlsonia perturbator (Heinrich) in his
collection (holotype and paratype); his descriptions of the males of the two species seem
to differ with respect to the tyloids. If the species actually differ, it remains to be
determined whether the female presumed by Heinrich to be that of Carlsonia
perturbator may not actually be that of Linycus barbarae.
Linyciis barbarae Heinrich, 1976 (1975). Nat. Canad. 102: 779. ♂.
exhortator montanus Heinrich. Colo. L. exiiortator exhortator (Fabricius) is Eurasian.

Linycus exhortator montanus Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 781. ♂.
exhortator thoracicus (Cresson). Maine s. to Va., w. to Wis. and Mo.

Hoplismenus thoracicus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 288. "♂"=♀.

Linycus nigriceps Heinrich
Ariz., Alaska, B. C, Wash., Oreg. Males with the thorax extensively or
completely black are known from Alpine, Ariz, (types of syn. arizonensis), Palmer,
Alaska (types of syn. niger), and Juneau, Alaska.
Linycus nigriceps nigriceps Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 782. ♂, ♀.
Linycus nigriceps arizonensis Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 782. ♂. N. syn.
Linycus nigriceps alaskae Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 782. ♂, ♀. N. syn.
Linycus nigriceps niger Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 783. ♂. N. syn.

Linycus temporalis Heinrich
Maine.

Linycus temporalis Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 1024. ♂.

Genus NEOLINYCUS Heinrich

Neolinycus Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 1025.

Type-species: Neolinycus niichaelis Heinrich. Monotypic and orig. desig.

Neolinycus michaelis Heinrich
Central Ga., n. Miss., La.

Neolinycus michaelis Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 1025. ♀.

Neolinycus michaelis georgianus Heinrich, 1972. Nat. Canad. 99: 210. ♀. N. syn.

Genus CYCLOLABUS Heinrich

Cyclolabus Heinrich, 1936 (1935). Deut. Ent. Ztschr., p. 198.

Type-species: Platylabus nigricollis Wesmael. Orig. desig.




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This is a moderate sized genus of Holarctic and Oriental distribution.

Cyclolabus albicinctus Heinrich
Newfoundland (insular), N. S. Host: Acasis viridata (Pack.).
Cyclolabus albicinctus Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 771. ♂, ♀.

Cyclolabus arizonae Heinrich
Ariz.

Cyclolabus arizonae Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 765. ♂, ♀.

Cyclolabus carolinensis Heinrich
Northwestern S. C, Mich.

Cyclolabus carolinensis Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 764. ♀.

Cyclolabus dubiosus Perkins
Newfoundland (insular), N. S., Mich., Man., Colo., Alta., B. C, Wash., Calif.;
Europe. Host: Eupithecia annulata (Hulst), E.filmata Pear., E. luteata Pack., E.
palpata Pack. This species has been confused with C. pactor (Wesmael), which is not
known to occur in the Nearctic region.
Cyclolabus dubiosus Perkins, 1953. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 3: 156.

Cyclolabus gibsonatae Heinrich
Ont., B. C. Host: Eupithecia gibsonata Taylor.

Cyclolabus gibsonatae Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 764. ♀.

Cyclolabus gracilicornis
***authority mismatch
gracilicornis Provancher. Newfoundland (Labrador and insular), Que., Maine, N.
H., N. Y., N. C, Ont, Mich.
Phygadeuon gracilicornis Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 56. ♀.

Cyclolabus gracilicornis
***authority mismatch
subdentatus (Ashmead). Colo., Idaho, Alaska, B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif.
Probolus subdentatus Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 160. ♂.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1959. Ent. News 70: 216.

Cyclolabus impressus
***authority mismatch
impressus (Provancher). Newfoundland (insular). Que., Maine, N. H., Mass., N. Y.,
Ont., Mich.

Phygadeuon impressus Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 281. ♀.

Ichneumon erythropygus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (1): 24 (key); 7 (3): 79. "♀"=♂.

Cyclolabus impressus
***authority mismatch
infuscatus Heinrich. Southern Alta., s. B. C, Wash.

Cyclolabus impressus infuscatus Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 760. ♂, ♀.

Cyclolabus linycops Heinrich
Newfoundland (insular).

Cyclolabus linycops Heinrich, 1976 (1975). Nat. Canad. 102: 778. ♂.

Cyclolabus lobatus Heinrich
Que., Maine, N. Y., Mich., Alta.

Cyclolabus lobatus lobatus Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 761. ♂, ♀.

Cyclolabus lobatus occidentalis Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 761. ♀. N. syn.

Cyclolabus signatus (Provancher)
Que., Maine, N. H.

Phygadeuon signatus Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 282. ♀.

Genus PLATYLABUS Wesmael

Platylabus Wesmael, 1845 (1844). [Brussels] Acad. Roy. de Belg., Nouveaux Mem. 18; 166.

Type-species: Platylabus rufus Wesmael. Desig. by Ashmead, 1900.
Lamprojoppa Cameron, 1901. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 7: 482.

Type-species: Lamprojoppa caerulea Cameron. Monotypic.
Pagarenes Cameron, 1903. Ztschr. System. Hym. Dipt. 3: 183.

Type-species: Pagarenes erythropus Cameron. Monotypic.
Chlorojoppa Cameron, 1907. Ztschr. System. Hym. Dipt. 7: 466.

Type-species: Chlorojoppa viridis Cameron. Monotypic.

This large genus is very widely distributed, although only one species in known from the
Ethiopian region and none of the described Neotropic species have been recorded from South
America.

Platylabus abbreviatus Heinrich
Southern B. C.

Platylabus abbrei'iatus Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 753. ♀.

Platylabus alaskae Heinrich
Southwestern Alaska.

Platylabus alaskae Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 721. ♀.

Platylabus arizonae Heinrich
Ariz., Calif.

Platylabus arizonae Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 715. ♂, ♀.




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Platylabus berndi Heinrich
Que., Maine, Ont., Mich. Host: Geometrid.

Platylabus benidi Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 731. ♂, ♀.
Platylabus albidorsiis Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 740. ♀.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 1018-1019 (syn. and variation).

Platylabus clarus (Cresson)
Que. s. to S. C, w. to Colo, and N. Mex. Host: Abbottana clemataria (J. E.
S.).

Ichneumon clarus Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 297. ♀.

Platylabus tuagnificus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 36. ♀.

Platylabus columbiae Heinrich
B. C, Calif.

Platylabus columbiae Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 716. ♀.

Platylabus dilleri Heinrich
Maine.

Platylabus dilleri Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 1021. ♂.

Platylabus divisatae Heinrich
Newfoundland (insular), Que., B. C, Oreg. Host: Caripeta divisata Wlk.

Platylabus divisatae Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 709. ♂, ♀.

Platylabus duplificans Heinrich
Colo. Ecology: In Mountains at elevations between 9500 and 11000 ft.

Platylabus duplificans Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 726. ♂, ♀.

Platylabus erythrocoxa Heinrich
Newfoundland (insular), N. S., Maine, Mich., N. W. T., B. C, Calif.

Platylabus erythrocoxa Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 719. ♂, ♀.

Platylabus foxleei
***authority mismatch
foxleei Heinrich. Southeastern Alaska, s. B. C.

Platylabus foxleei Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 723. ♂, ♀.

Platylabus foxleei
***authority mismatch
orientis Heinrich. Newfoundland (insular), Maine.

Platylabus foxlei(l) orientis Heinrich, 1976 (1975). Nat. Canad. 102: 777. ♂, ♀.

Platylabus gracilicornis (Viereck)
N. Mex., Calif.

Cratichneumon gracilicomis Viereck, 1903. In Skinner, Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 79. ♀.

hypcrctis Heinrich. Maine, B. C. Host: Hyperetis amicaria (H.-S.).

Platylabus hyperetis Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 707. ♂, ♀.

Platylabus imitans Heinrich
Que., Maine, B. C, Wash., Calif. Host: Eupithecia sp.

Platylabus imitans Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 725. ♂, ♀.

Platylabus incabus Davis
Ariz., Alaska, B. C, Oreg., Calif.

Platylabus incabus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 352. ♀.

Platylabus lissosculptus Heinrich
Calif.

Platylabus lissosculptus Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 742. ♂.

Platylabus luteatae Heinrich
Newfoundland (insular), Que., Maine, Pa., Ont., Man., B. C, Oreg. Host:
Eupithecia sp., E. luteata Pack.

Platylabus luteatae Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 715. cJ, 9.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 1018 (variation).

Platylabus melanocoxa Heinrich
Mont., Colo., B. C, Wash., Calif. Host: Eupithecia annulata (Hulst).
This species has been misidentified as P. pedatorius (Fabricius), a Eurasian species.
Platylabus melanocoxa Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 727. ♂, ♀.

Platylabus metallicus Bradley
Newfoundland (insular). Que., Maine, N. H., N. Y., Ont., Mich., B. C, Wash.
Platylabus metallicus Bradley, 1903. Canad. Ent. 35: 280. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1959. Ent. News 70: 215.

Platylabus micheneri Heinrich
Calif.

Platylabus micheneri Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 746. ♀.

Platylabus monotonops Heinrich
Mass., N. Y.

Platylabus monotonops Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 744. ♀.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 1020.

Platylabus monotonus Heinrich
N. H., N. Y., Alta., Ariz., Alaska, B. C. Host: Epirrita autumnata (Bork.),
Itame anataria (Swett), /. quadrilinearia (Pack.).
Platylabus monotonus Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 741. ♂, ♀.

Platylabus montanus Cresson
Newfoundland (insular), N. H., Mass., Mich., Wash.

Ichneumon vafer Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 178. "♀"=♂.Preocc by
Gmelin, 1790.




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Platylabus ntojitanus Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 200. ♀.

Platylabus perkinsi Walkley, 1958. In Krombein et a/., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2,
sup. 1, p. 48. N. name for /. vafer Cresson.
opaculus americanus Heinrich. Newfoundland (insular), Que., Maine, N. Y., Ont., Mich., Alta.,
B. C, Wash., Oreg. P. opaculus opaculus Thomson occurs in Europe.

Platylabus opaculus americanus Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 730. ♂, ♀.

Platylabus ornatus (Provancher)
Newfoundland (insular), N. B. Que., Maine, N. Y., N. C, Ont, Mich.,
Sask., Alta., B. C, Wash., Calif. Host: Seiniothisa "granitata" auct., S. oweni (Swett).

Phygadeuon oniatus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 181. ♀.

Platylabus permodestus Heinrich
Colo., B. C, Wash., Calif.

Platylabus permodestus Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 720. ♂, ♀.

Platylabus polymelas Heinrich
Newfoundland (insular), Colo., Ariz., s. B. C.

Platylabus polymelas Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 754. <^.

Platylabus pseudhistrio Heinrich
Maine.

Platylabus pseudhistrio Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 733. ♂.

Platylabus pulcher Cushman
Newfoundland (insular). Que., Maine, Ont., Mich., B. C. Host: Hydriomena

renunciata cohunbiata Taylor.
Ichneumon lineolatus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (1): 24 (key); 7 (3): 82. ♀. Preocc.

by GmeUn, 1790.
Platylabus pulcher Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 60 (21): 1. ♀.

Platylabus rubricapensis Provancher
Newfoundland (insular). Que., Ont., Mich., S. Dak., Idaho, Oreg.
Platylabus Rubri Capensis Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13: 329. 9. Name invalid; not

binomial.
Platylabus Rubricapensis Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 35.

Redescription with valid binomen.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1976 (1975). Nat. Canad. 102: 774 (male described).

Platylabus rubristernatus Heinrich
Conn., N. Y., w. N. C, Ohio, 111.

Platylabus rubristernatus Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 713. ♀.

Platylabus semiopacus Heinrich
Colo.

Platylabus semiopacus Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 730. ♂, ♀.

Platylabus serratae Heinrich
N. B., Maine, Mich. Host: Euchlaena serrata (Drury)
Platylabus serratae Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 738. cJ, 9.

Platylabus sexmaculatae Heinrich
Newfoundland (insular), Maine, Alta. Host: Semiothisa sexmaculata
(Pack.).
Platylabus sexmaculatae Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 749. ♀.
Platylabus sexmaculatae postremus Heinrich, 1976 (1975). Nat. Canad. 102: 776. ♂. N. syn.
Described from two males collected at the same place and time in insular
Newfoundland.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 1019-1020 (male described).

Platylabus sphageti Heinrich
Newfoundland (insular), Maine. Ecology: Occurs in spruce {Picea mariana)
bogs.

Platylabus sphageti Heinrich, 1971. Nat. Canad. 98: 1020. ♀.

Platylabus subrubricus Heinrich
Maine, Man., Sask., Alta. Host: Eupithecia ravocostaliata Pack.

Platylabus subnibricus Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 714. ♂, ♀.

Platylabus tenuiformis Heinrich
Ariz.

Platylabus tenuiformis Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 743. ♂, ♀.

Platylabus tibialis Ashmead
N. Mex., s.w. B. C, w. Wash.

Platylabus tibialis Ashmead, 1901. Psyche 9: 147. ♀.

Platylabus rainieri Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 722. ♂, ♀. N. syn.

Platylabus vaferops Heinrich
B. C, Wash., Calif.

Platylabus vaferops Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 751. cJ, 9.

Genus DENTILABUS Heinrich

Dentilabus Heinrich, 1975 (1974). Ann. Zool. 32: 147.




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Type-species: Platylabus variegatus Wesmael. Orig. desig.

This is a small Holarctic and Oriental genus. I am not altogether convinced that it is worthy of
distinction from Platylabus, but include the single Nearctic species treated below on advice
received from Mr. Gerd Heinrich.

Dentilabus rufipes
***authority mismatch
consors (Cresson), n. comb. Alta., Ariz., Alaska, B. C, Oreg., CaHf. Host: Hydriomena
sp., H. renunciata (Wlk.).

Platylabus consors Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 200. ♂.

Platylabus californicus Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 201. ♀.

Dentilabus rufipes
***authority mismatch
rufipes (Provancher), n. comb. Newfoundland (insular). Que., Maine.

Phygadeuoji rufipes Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 181. ♀.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1976 (1975). Nat. Canad. 102: 776-777 (male described).

Genus ASTHENOLABUS Heinrich

Stenolabus Heinrich, 1936 (1935). Deut. Ent. Ztschr., p. 197. Preocc. by Rechberg, 1910.

Type-species: Platylabus latiscapus Thomson. Orig. desig.
Asthenolabus Heinrich, 1951. Bonner Zool. Beitr. 2: 240. N. name for Stenolabus Heinrich.

This small genus is Holarctic and Oriental.

Asthenolabus agilis (Cresson)
N. S., P. E. I., Que., and N. W. T., s. to Pa., Mich., Colo., and Oreg.
Eurylabus agilis Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 201. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1959. Ent. News 70: 215.

Asthenolabus canadensis (Cresson)
Maine, Pa., N. C, Mich., B. C, Wash.

Platylabus canadensis Cresson, 1877. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 200. ♀.

Asthenolabus scutellatus (Provancher)
Que., N. Y., Ont., Mich.

Ischnus scutellatus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 111. ♂.

Genus PRISTICEROS Gravenhorst

Pristiceros Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 1, p. 635.

Type-species: Pristiceros serrarius Gravenhorst. Monotypic.
Neopristiceros Heinrich, 1961 (1960). Canad. Ent. Sup. 15: 13.

Type-species: Ichneumon lascivus Cresson. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Pristicerops Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 786.

Type-species: Platylabus bakeri Davis. Orig. desig.

This is a small Holarctic and Oriental genus.

Taxonomy: Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965. Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 5: 514 (syn.).
—Heinrich, 1975 (1974). Ann. Zool. 32: 165-167 (description of Oriental sp. in Pristicerops)

Pristiceros bakeri (Davis)
Newfoundland (insular). Que., Maine, N. H., N. Y., Mich., Minn., Alta., B. C,
Wash. Host: Deilinia sp.
Platylabus bakeri Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 352. ♂.
Pristicerops bakeri townesi Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 789. ♂, ♀. N. syn.
iascivus (Cresson). Que., Maine, N. Y., Md., W. Va., Ont. Mich., 111., Wash.

Ichneumon lascivus Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 309. "♂"=♀.

Genus TROPICOLABUS Heinrich

Tropicolabus Heinrich, 1959. Ent. News 70: 216.

Type-species: Platylabus foxi Davis. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This genus is Nearctic and presumably Neotropic

Tropicolabus foxi (Davis)
N. J. Only the holotype is known.

Platylabus foxi Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 353. ♂.
Platylabus foxii Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 783. Emend.




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Genus AMBLOPLISUS Heinrich

Anibloplisits Heinrich, 1930. Zool. Mus. Berlin, Mitt. 15: 551.

Type-species: Atnbloplisus pri))ius Heinrich. Monotypic.
Thauniatoteles Hopper, 1938. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 68: 103.

Type-species: HoplistnenuH ODiatiis Cresson. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is a small Nearctic and Neotropic genus.

Ambloplisus ornatus (Cresson)
N. Y., Md., w. N. C, Iowa. Heinrich (1962) stated that there is a specimen
in the U. S. Natl. Museum collection from "Idaho," but that specimen is from Iowa.
Hoplisnienus ornatus Cresson, 1869. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 92. ♀.
Hoplismenus ovatusC) Berthoumieu, 1904. In Wytsman, Gen. Ins., fasc. 18, p. 30.

Taxonomy: Heinrich, 1962. Canad. Ent. Sup. 27: 790-791 (male described).

Genus HYPOMECUS Wesmael

HypomecuH Wesmael, 1945 (1844). [Brussels] Acad. Roy. de Belg., Nouveaux Mem. 18: 147.
Type-species: Hypomecus albitarsis Wesmael. Monotypic.

This is a small Holarctic and Oriental genus.

Hypomecus quadriannulatus (Gravenhorst)
Que., Colo., B. C, Wash., Calif.; Europe, n. Burma.
MesoleptuH qiiadricntnnlatuH Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 13. ♂.
Hyponiecits albitarsis Wesmael, 1845 (1844). [Brussels] Acad. Roy. de Belg., Nouveaux

Mem. 18: 147. ♂, ♀.
Hypomecus albitarsis var. carens Berthoumieu, 1896. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. 65: 299. ♀.

Subfamily METOPIINAE

The members of this subfamily are internal parasites of Lepidoptera. Invariably, metopiines
oviposit into the host larva and emerge as adults from the host pupa.

Revision: Townes and Townes, 1959. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 3-318.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 89-122 (genera of world).

Genus PSEUDOMETOPIUS Davis

Pseudometopius Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 202.

Type-species: Metopins hagenii Cresson. Monotypic.
Tylocomnoides Uchida, 1940. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc, Trans. 16: 178.

Type-species: Tylocomnoides egawai Uchida. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Odontotylocomnus Uchida, 1940. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc, Trans. 16: 179.

Type-species: Tylocomnoides piloszis Uchida. Monotypic and orig. desig.

The only species known are the one Nearctic and two Japanese species cited in the generic
synonymy above.

Pseudometopius hagenii (Cresson)
Mass., Conn., Mich., Kans., Okla., Tex.

Metopins Hagenii Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 168. ♀.

Genus CHORINAEUS Holmgren

Chorinaeus Holmgren, 1858 (1856). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 1: 320.

Type-species: Exochns funebris Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1912.
Polyrhabdus Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 98.

Type-species: Polyrhabdus cariniger Walsh. Monotypic.

This is a Holarctic genus of moderate size.

Revision: Aeschlimann, 1976 (1975). Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. (n. s.) 11: 723-744 (Western
Palearctic spp.).

Chorinaeus aequalis Townes
Que., Ont, and Alta. s. to n. Va., w. N. C, and Mich.

Chorinaeus aequalis Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt.
1]:21. ♂, ♀.




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Chorinaeus californicus Ashmead
Alasita, B. C, Wash., Calif. Host: Acleris gloverana (Wlsm.).

Chorinaeus californicus Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 200. "♂"=♀.

Chorinaeus constrictus Davis
N. H., N. Y., Md., Va., w. N. C, e. Tenn., Ga. C. constrictus may prove to be
a synonym of C.fiinebris carinatus (Cresson); compare Townes and Townes (1959,
p. 27).
Chorinaeus constrictus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 209. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1959. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 26, 27.

Chorinaeus emorsus Townes
N. S., N. H., Mich.

Chorinaeus eniorsus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt.
1]: 33. ♀.

Chorinaeus excessorius Davis
Maine, Ont., and Minn. s. to Ala. and Kans.; also n. Utah and n. Calif. Host:

Choristoneura funiiferana (Clem.), Ancylis contptana (Froel).
Chorinaeus excessorius Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 209. ♀.

Chorinaeus funebris
***authority mismatch
carinatus (Cresson). N. S., Que., Ont., s. Man., e. Alta., and s. B. C. s. to Md., Ala., and

Tex. Host: Ancylis comptana (Froel.)?, Strepsicrates st)iithiana (Wlsm.), Archips

semiferanus (Wlk.), Argyrotaenia velutinana (Wlk.), Anacanipsis ritoifnictella (Clem.),

Tetralopha asperatella (Clem.), Acrobasis betulella Hulst.
Tryphon carinatus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc 3: 273. ♂.
Polyrhabdus cariniger Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 98. ♂, ♀.

Chorinaeus funebris
***authority mismatch
funebris (Gravenhorst). Colo., Ariz., Idaho, Nev.; Eurasia. Host: Grapholitha

conversana Wlsm. The neotype designated by Aeschlimann in his 1976 revision of

Chorinaeus has no validity for a number of reasons, one of which is the fact that it is

from Swedish Lappland.
Exochus funebris Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 1, p. 695. S ?
Chorinaeus funebris a.fenioratus Hellen, 1937. Notulae Ent. 17: 56. 9. N. syn. (uncertain).
Chorinaeus funebris a. nigripes Hellen, 1937. Notulae Ent. 17: 56. 9. N. syn. (uncertain).
Chorinaeus funebris clarus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]:30. 9.N. syn.
Chorinaeus funebris divisus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]:31. ♀. N. syn.

Taxonomy: Kusigemati, 1967. Insecta Mastsumurana 30: 20-21 (no subspecies recognized).

Biology: Aeschlimann, 1974. Ent. Exp. Appl. 17: 488-489 (overwintering). labiosus Townes. Western N. C, Mich.?

Chorinaeus labiosus Townes, 1959. hi Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt.
1]: 32. ♀.

Chorinaeus longicalcar Thomson
Que. w. to B. C, s. to N. C, s. Wis., and Calif.; Eurasia. Host: Caripeta
angustiorata Wlk.?, C. divisata Wlk., Hypagrytis piniata (Pack.), Protoboarmia
porcelaria (Gn.), Seiniothisa "granitata" auct., Choristoneura fumifera7ia (Clem.).
Specimens with black hind femora (sometimes all femora black) are known from Que.,
Ont., Mich., Wash. Oreg., and Calif. The correct name for this species may be

Chorinaeus subcarinatus Holmgren
Roman (1925) suppressed longicalcar as a synonym of
subcarinatus; he stated that Holmgren's type was lost, but that it appeared certain
from the description that Holmgren's "male" of subcarinatus was a longicalcar female.
It seems quite likely that Roman was correct, and I was prepared to accept Roman as
first revisor. However, Dr. J.-P. Aeschlimann pointed out to me (personal commun.,
August, 1976) that Holmgren (1873) had in fact been first revisor and had suppressed

Chorinaeus subcarinatus
***authority mismatch
as a synonym of C. cristator (Gravenhorst). A search is to be made for the

Chorinaeus subcarinatus
***authority mismatch
type in places to which Holmgren is known to have sent material; if it is
not found, and if no specimens of cristator having a black face are found, longicalcar
must be suppressed as a synonym of subcarinatus.

Chorinaeus subcarinatus Holmgren, 1858 (1856). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 1: 321. 9 ? Syn.?
Chorinaeus longicalcar Thomson, 1887. Deut. Ent. Ztschr. 31: 201. ♀.
Chorinaeus pleturus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 211. ♀. N. syn.
Chorinaeus longicalcar talaris Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 18. ♂, ♀. N. syn.




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Chorinaeus longicalcar flavicrus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 19. ♂, ♀. N. syn.
Chorinaeus longicalcar suralis Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]:20. 6, 9.N. syn.

Taxonomy: Holmgren, 1873. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad., Ofvers. af ... Forhandl. 30 (4): 78.
—Roman, 1925 (1924). Arkiv for Zool. 17A (4): 27 (syn.). — Aeschlimann, 1976 (1975). Soc.
Ent. de France, Ann. (n. s.) 11: 725, 737-738.

Chorinaeus opacitus Davis
Ariz., Nev., Calif.

Chorinaeus opacitus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 210. ♀.

Chorinaeus recurvus Townes
N. H., N. Y.

Chorinaeus recurvus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]:31. ♂, ♀.

Genus TRIECES Townes

Trieces Townes, 1946. Bol. Ent. Venezolana 5: 60.

Type-species: Exochus texanus Cresson. Orig. desig.

According to Townes (1971), "this is a large genus of worldwide distribution." Described spe-
cies occur in the Neotropic (Mexico), Holarctic, and Ethiopian regions.

Revision: Kusigemati, 1971. Kagoshima Univ., Faculty Agr., Mem. 8: 218-221 (Japanese spp.).
—Aeschlimann, 1973. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann (n. s.) 9: 975-987 (western Palearctic spp.).

Taxonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 17: 97.

Trieces aquilus Townes
Western N. C.

Trieces aquilus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 50. ♀.

Trieces arcuatus Townes
Md., w. N. C, Ont., Man. Host: Bomolocha bijugalis (Wlk.)?, B. deceptalis
(Wlk.), noctuid on Comus.
Trieces arcuatus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 56. ♀ (♂ misdet.).

Taxonomy: Walley, 1969. Canad. Ent. 101: 1100-1101.

Trieces bradleyi Townes
Maine, N. Y., Md.

Trieces bradleyi Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 52. ♀.

Trieces calvatus Townes
Md., N. C, Tex.

Trieces calvatus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 54. ♂, ♀.

Trieces ciliosus Townes
Md., Va.

Trieces ciliosus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 53. (J, 9.

Trieces confusus Walley
Que., N. Y., Pa., Md., Va., w. N. C, Ont., Mich., Man. Host: Agonopteryx
argillacea (Wlsm.).
Trieces confusus Walley, 1969. Canad. Ent. 101: 1098. ♂, ♀.

Trieces costatus (Davis)
N. B. w. to s. B. C, s. to N. Y., Minn., Colo., and n. Calif.
Chorinaeus costatus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 211. ♂, ♀.
Chorinaeus pusillus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 211. c^, 9.

Trieces crassipes Walley
Ont., Sask., s. B. C. Host: Meroptera pravella (Grt.), Anacampsis inocuella
(Zell.), Conipsolechia niveopulvella (Chamb.).
Trieces crassipes Walley, 1969. Canad. Ent. 101: 1102. ♂, ♀.

Trieces densus Townes
Mich.

Trieces densus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 42. ♂, ♀.

Trieces dentatus Townes
R. I., N. Y., Md., Ont. Host: Geometrid.

Trieces dentatus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 55. ♂, ♀.




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Trieces diffidens Townes
Que., N. Y., Ont., Mich.

Trieces diffidens Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 57. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Walley, 1969. Canad. Ent. 101: 1105-1106.

Trieces ejectus Townes
Northern Utah.

Trieces ejectus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 46. ♂.

Trieces epinotiae Walley
Ont., Man., Colo., n. B. C. Host: Epinotia solandriana (L.), Pseudexentera
oregonona (Wlsm.).
Trieces epinotiae Walley, 1969. Canad. Ent. 101: 1104. ♂, ♀.

Trieces flavifrons (Ashmead)
Conn., Mich., Wis., Minn., S. Dak., Kans., Colo.

Cborinaeusflavifrons Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 444. ♀.

Trieces flexus Walley
N. C.-Tenn. Ecology: The unique holotype was collected at an elevation of 5200
ft. in Great Smoky Mts. Nat. Park.
Trieces flexus Walley, 1969. Canad. Ent. 101: 1102. ♀.

Trieces fusus Townes
Mass., N. Y., Pa., N. J., Ont., Minn.

Trieces fusus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 49. ♂, ♀.

Trieces integer Townes
Mass., R. I., N. Y., Va., w. N. C, Mich., Sask.

Trieces integer Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 48. ♂, ♀.

Trieces marlatti (Ashmead)
R. I., e. N. C, Kans.

Chorinaeus mariatti Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 200. ♀.
Chorinaeus viarlattii Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 221. Emend.

Trieces masoni Townes
Interior Alaska.

Trieces masoni Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 37. ♂, ♀.

Trieces onitis (Davis)
N. S., Que., Maine, N. H., Ont., Man. Host: Nites betulella (Bsk.), Psilocorsis
quercicella Clem., P. reflexella Clem., Tetralopha sp. on Fagiis, Pseudexentera sp. on
Quercus rubra, Acleris sp. on Quercus rubra.
Chorinaeus onitis Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 210. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Walley, 1969. Canad. Ent. 101: 1095-1098.

Trieces ruficoxa Walley
Southern Mich.

Trieces nificoxa Walley, 1969. Canad. Ent. 101: 1101. ♂, ♀.

Trieces sapineus
***authority mismatch
litus Townes. Colo., Alta., B. C, Wash., Calif.

Trieces sapineiis litus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt.
1]:44. ♀.

Trieces sapineus
***authority mismatch
sapineus Townes. Que., N. H., w. N. C, Mich., Minn.

Trieces sapineus sapineus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
[pt. 1]:43. ♀.

Trieces sparsus Townes
Vt. s. to e. S. C, w. to Minn.

Trieces sparsus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 50. ♂, ♀.

Trieces tegularis Townes
Eastern CaHf. Ecology: Known only from the holotype, which was collected
in an area of desert scrub at Lee Vining, Calif.
Trieces tegularis Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 40. ♀.

Trieces teres Townes
Southern Man., Colo., n.e. Calif.

Trieces teres Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 41. ♂, ♀.

Trieces texanus (Cresson)
N. J., Md., Fla., Kans., Tex.

Exochus texanus Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 168. "♂"=♀.

Trieces truncatus Walley
Tenn.

Trieces truncatus Walley, 1969. Canad. Ent. 101: 1101. ♀.




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Trieces walleyi Townes
Que., Ont. Host: Herculia thymehisalis (Wlk.).

Trieces walleyi Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 47. cJ. 9.

Genus METOPIUS Panzer

Genus METOPIUS Subgenus METOPIUS Panzer

Metopius Panzer, 1806. Krit. Rev. Insektenf. Deutschlands, v. 2, p. 78
Type-species: Sphex vespoides Scopoli. Desig. by Viereck, 1912.
Peltastes Illiger, 1807. In Rossi, Fauna Etrusca, ed. 2, v. 2, p. 55.

Type-species: Ichneumon necatorius Fabricius. Desig. by Curtis, 1824. The
type-species is regarded as a synonym of M. vespoides (Scopoli).
Metopius subg. Peltopius Clement, 1927. In Schmiedeknecht, Opusc. Ichn., v. 5, p. 3461,
3465.

Type-species: Sphex vespoides Scopoli. Desig. by Clement, 1930.

This is a large subgenus of Neotropic (Mexico), Holarctic, Oriental, Australian, and Ethiopian
distribution.

Metopius galbaneus Townes
Southern Oreg. s. to s. Calif.

Metopius (Metopius) galbaneus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus.
Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 74. ♂, ♀.

Metopius krombeini
***authority mismatch
epixanthus Townes. Tex., Colo., Ariz.

Metiopius (Metiopius) krombeini epixajithus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S.
Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 71. ♂, ♀.

Metopius krombeini
***authority mismatch
krombeini Townes. Southern N. Y., N. J., Md., Va., n. Ga., n. Mich., Wis., Ark., Okla.
Ecology: Occurs in open stands of scrubby oaks.
Metopius {Metopius) krombeini krombeini Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S.
Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 70.

Metopius mimicus Townes
Central Ariz.

Metopius (Metopius) ynimicus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216 [pt. 1]:68. ♂, ♀.

Metopius pulchellus Cresson
Southeastern Wyo., Colo., N. Mex., n. Utah, Ariz.
Metopius pulchellus Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 271. ♀.
Metopius montanus Cresson, 1879. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 7: xxviii in Proc. 6. N. syn.
Metopius (Metopius) pulchellus sonora Townes, 1959. bi Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl.
Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 73.

Metopius robustus
***authority mismatch
concinnus Cresson. Nev., n.w. Calif.

Metopius concinnus Cresson, 1879. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 7: xxviii in Proc. 6.

Metopius robustus
***authority mismatch
mirandus Cresson. Western Kans., Colo.

Metopius mirandus Cresson, 1879. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 7: xxviii in Proc. 9.

Metopius grandior Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 314. ♀.

Metopius robustus
***authority mismatch
robustus Cresson. Southern N. Y. s. to Ga., w. to e. Kans.

Metopius robustus Cresson, 1879. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 7: xxvii in Proc. 9.

Metopius harbecki Skinner, 1906. Ent. News 17: 150. ♂.

Metopius vittatus Townes
Utah, n. Ariz., s. B. C, Oreg., Calif.

Metopius (Metopius) vittatus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216 [pt. 1]: 76. ♂, ♀.

Genus METOPIUS Subgenus CULTRARIUS Davis

Cultrarius Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 197.
Type-species: Metopius rileyi Marlatt. Monotypic

This subgenus is not known to occur outside the Nearctic region.

Metopius birkmani Brues
Tex., s. Ariz., s. Calif.

Metopius birkmani Brues, 1907. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 5: b%. 6 (9 misdet.).




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cotnptus Cresson. Ga., S. Dak., Colo.

Metopius comptus Cresson, 1879. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 7: xxviii in Proc. 9.

Metopius laticinctus Cresson, 1879. Amer. Ent. Soc.Trans. 7: xxix in Proc. 9.

Metopius consector Townes
Va., s. Minn., Mo., s. S. Dak., Nebr., Kans., Colo.

Metopius (Cultrarius) consector Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus.
Bui. 216 [pt. 1]:83. cJ, 9.

Metopius pectoralis Townes
Mo., Tex.?

Metopius (Cultrarius) pectoralis Townes, 1959. hi Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus.
Bui. 216 [pt. 1]:85. cJ, 9 ?

Metopius rileyi Marlatt
S. Dak., e. Nebr., n.e. Kans.

Metopius rileyi Marlatt, 1891. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 2: 103. ♀.

Metopius rufipes Cresson
Eastern Nebr., Colo.

Metopius rufipes Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 270. ♀.

Metopius scapulatus Townes
Tex.

Metopius (Cultrarius) scapulatus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus.
Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 81. ♂.

Metopius scitulus Cresson
Nev.

Metopius scitulus Cresson, 1879. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 7: xxix in Proc. 6 .

Metopius secundus Townes
N. Mex. The type locality is San Ignacio, not "'San Janacia'" as misquoted
from the label of the unique holotype by Townes and Townes.

Metopius (Cultrarius) secundus Townes, 1959. hi Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus.
Bui. 216 [pt. 1]:89. ♀.

Metopius ultimatus Davis
N. J. w. to e. Nebr., s. to Miss, and e. Tex.

Metopius ultimatus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 199. ♂.

Metopius xanthostigma Ashmead
Md., Va., N. C, S. C, s.w. Minn., N. Dak.

Metopius xanthostigma Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 438. ♂.

Genus METOPIUS Subgenus PELTALES Townes

Metopius subg. Peltales Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 91.

Type-species: Metopius errantia Davis. Orig. desig.

This is a moderate sized subgenus of Neotropic and Nearctic distribution.

Metopius errantia
***authority mismatch
arizonicus Townes. Southern Ariz.

Metopius (Peltales) errantius arizonicus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl.
Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]:94. ♀.

Metopius errantia
***authority mismatch
californicus Townes. Oreg., Calif.

Metopius (Peltales) errantius californicus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S.
Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 95. cJ, 9.

Metopius errantia
***authority mismatch
errantia Davis. N. J., n. Va., Ont., n. Mich., n. Minn. Host: Geometrid.
Metopius errantia Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 199. ♀.

Metopius (Peltales) errantius errantius Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl.
Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 93. Unjustified emend.

Metopius errantia
***authority mismatch
floridanus Townes. Northern Fla.

Metopius (Peltales) errantius floridanus Townfis, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl.
Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]:94. ♀.

Metopius notatus Townes
Ala.

Metopius (Peltales) notatus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216 [pt. 1]:96. ♀.

Genus METOPIUS Subgenus TYLOPIUS Townes

Metopius subg. Tylopius Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 97.

Type-species: Metopius pinatorius Brulle. Orig. desig.

Tylopius is a Holarctic subgenus of moderate size.




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Metopius basalis
***authority mismatch
basalis Cresson. Ga.?, Fla.

Metopius basalis Cresson, 1879. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 7: xxvii in Proc. 9.

Metopius medianus Morley, 1912. Rev. Ichn. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 78. 6. Syn.?

Metopius basalis
***authority mismatch
heinrichi Townes. N. B., Maine, w. Ont., Wis. s.w. B. C. Host: Saturniid.

Metopius (Tylopius) basalis heinrichi Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl.
Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 104. ♂, ♀.

Metopius bellus Cresson
Nev., s.w. Oreg., n.e. Calif.

Metopius bellus Cresson, 1879. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 7: xxviii in Proc. 6.

Metopius edwardsii Cresson
Alta., Wash.

Metopius edwardsii Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 376. ♂.

Metopius pollinctorius
***authority mismatch
nevadensis Cresson. Nev., w. Wash., n.e. Calif. Host: Acronicta sp.

Metopius nevadensis Cresson, 1879. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 7: xxviii in Proc d, 9.

Metopius pollinctorius
***authority mismatch
pollinctorius (Say). N. S. w. to s. B. C, s. to n. Fla. and 111. Host: Gluphisia
septentrionalis Wlk., Actias luna (L.)?, Acronicta oblinita (J. E. S.).

Peltastes pollinctorius Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 245. ♂, ♀.

Metopius cordiger Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 120. ♂.

Genus TRICLISTUS Foerster

Triclistus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 161.

Type-species: Exochus podagricus Gravenhorst. Desig. by Morley, 1913 from five
species included by Holmgren, 1873.

This is a large genus of worldwide distribution. Some species are often abundant. The inter-
specific differences are often somewhat obscure, and the males of some species cannot be distin-
guished.

Revision: Kusigemati, 1971. Kagoshima Univ., Faculty Agr., Mem. 8: 228-240 (Japanese spp.).
— Aeschlimann, 1973. Schweiz. Ent. Gesell., Mitt. 46: 219-252 (western Palearctic spp.).

Triclistus adustus Townes
Colo., Wash., Oreg., Calif.

Triclistus adustus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]:
119. ♀.

Triclistus brunnipes (Cresson)
Northern Man. w. to Yukon, s. to w. Iowa, N. Mex., Ariz., and Calif.
Exochus brunnipes Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 374. ♀.
Triclistus bnmeipes Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 218. Emend,

Triclistus chosis Townes
Mass., N. Y., N. J., Pa., Md., D. C, Va., Ont.

Triclistus chosis Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]:
121. ♀.

Triclistus crassus Townes
P. E. I. w. to Yukon and Alaska, s. to N. Y., Wis., Colo., Ariz., and Calif; e. U.
S. S. R., n. Japan.
Triclistus crassus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]:
110. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Kusigemati 1971. Kagoshima Univ., Faculty Agr., Mem. 8: 234-235.

Triclistus emarginalus (Say)
P. E. I. w. to s. B. C, s. to Fla., e. Kans., N. Mex., and n. Calif. Host:
Phlyctaenia extricalis (Gn.), Tetralopha robustella Zell., Tholeria reversalis (Gn.),
pyralid on Ainus incana, Archips argyrospilus (Wlk.), Argyrotaenia velutinana (Wlk.),
Croesia albicomana (Clem.), Platynota idaeusalis (Wlk.), Bucculatrix sp., Anthophila
pariana (Clerck).

Ophion eniargi7iahis Say, 1829. Contrib. Maclurian Lyceum to Arts and Sci. 1: 76. Sex not
indicated.

Anonialon eniarginatiis (!) Say, 1835. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 245.

Exochus fill vipes Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 285. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 222. — Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci.,
Proc. 4: 230. — Cushman and Gahan, 1921. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc 23: 169. —Townes and
Townes, 1959. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 113-116.




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Triclistus evexus Townes
N. H. s. to Md., w. to s. Sask. and Colo. Host: Archips cerasivoranus (Fitch),
Acrobasis comptoniella Hulst.
Triclistus evexus Townes, 1959. hi Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]:
118. (J, 9.

Triclistus melanocephalus (Cameron)
Que. w. to w. S. Dak., s. to e. N. C. and Ariz.; n. Mexico.

Exoclius melanocephalus Cameron, 1886. In Wytsman, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Hym., v. 1, p. 280. "♂"=♀.
Triclistus tkoracicus Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 210. ♀.

Triclistus minutus Carlson
Northwestern Va., s. Mich. Ecology: In Mich, seven specimens were collected
with sweep nets on an upland field (abandoned farm site) with gravelly soil and a
grass-herb plant cover; the field is surrounded by oak-hickory woodlands which are
encroaching upon it at its edges.
Triclistus minutus Carlson, 1966. Mich. Ent. 1: 20. ♂, ♀.

Triclistus occidentis Townes
Western Alta., w. Wash., e. Calif.

Triclistus occidentis Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 116. ♀.

Triclistus podagricus (Gravenhorst)
N. S., Que., Ont., Sask., Alta., Idaho, s.e. Alaska; Eurasia. Host:
Zeiraphera fortunana (Kft.).
Exochus podagricus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 336. ♂, ♀.
Triclistus nigritellus Holmgren, 1873. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad., Ofvers. af ... Forhandl. 30 (4): 60. ♀.

Taxonomy: Aeschlimann, 1973. Schweiz. Ent. GeselL, Mitt. 46: 233-235.

Biology: Baltensweiler, 1958. Schweiz. Anst. f. d. Forstl. Versuchsw., Mitt. 34: 121.
—Aeschlimann, 1974. Ent. Exp. Appl. 17: 488, 489-490 (overwintering).

Triclistus propinquus (Cresson)
Conn. s. to n. Ga., w. to Mich, and Ala.

Exochus propinquus Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 114. 9, (d misdet. ?).

Triclistus pygmaeus (Cresson)
N. S. w. to s. Alaska, s. to S. C, Ala., n.e. Kans., Colo., and Calif.; Eurasia.
Host: Paratobesia vitea)ia (Clem.), Acleris variana (Fern.). This is T. pallipes Holmgren
(1873) in the sense of 20th Century European authors preceding Aeschlimann (1973).
Overlooking the priority of pygmaeus, Townes and Townes (1959) erroneously
suppressed it as a synonym of pallipes. Aeschlimann (1973) has shown that the pallipes
"lectotype" selected by Aubert (1968) (.=pygmaeus) is invalid, and selected a valid
lectotype which is not conspecific with pygmaeus.
Exochus pygmaeus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 285. "♂"=♀.
Triclistus taiwanensis Uchida, 1932. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Faculty Agr., Jour. 25: 267. ♂.
N. syn. Placed as a syn. of T. pallipes Holmgren by Townes, Townes, and Gupta (1961).

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1959. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 124-125. —Townes,
Townes, and Gupta, 1961. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 1: 303 (syn.). —Aubert, 1968. Schweiz.
Ent. Gesell., Mitt. 41: 188 (invalid lectotype selected for pallipes). —Aeschlimann, 1973.
Schweiz. Ent. GeselL, Mitt. 46: 236-239.

Biology: Aeschlimann, 1974. Ent. Exp. Appl. 17: 488, 490-491 (overwintering). —Aeschlimann,
1975. Schweiz. Ent. Gesell., Mitt. 48: 165-171.

Triclistus rectus Townes
Ariz., Calif.

Triclistus rectus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 117. ♀.

Genus COLPOTROCHIA Holmgren

There are two subgenera, one of which has no Nearctic species.

Genus COLPOTROCHIA Subgenus COLPOTROCHIA Holmgren

Colpotrochia Holmgren, 1856 (1854). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. 75: 80.

Type-species: Ichneumon elegantulus Schrank. Monotypic. The type-species is
regarded as a synonym of C. cincta (Scopoli).
Alcocerus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 161.




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Type-species: Tryphon trifasciatus Cresson. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Davis, 1897.
Exochoides Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 37.

Type-species: Exochoides mexicana Cresson. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Ischyrocnemopsis Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 81.

Type-species: Exochoides texana Cresson. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Aithris Cameron, 1900. Manchester Lit. and Phil. Soc, Mem. and Proc. 44 (15): 106.

Type-species: Aithris coenutus Cameron. Monotypic.
Inoresa Cameron, 1909. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, Jour. 19: 724.

Type-species: Inoresa pilosa Cameron. Monotypic
Sychiioleteroides Brethes, 1909. Buenos Aires Mus. Nac. de Hist. Nat., An. 19: 229.

Type-species: Sychnoleteroides flaims Brethes. Monotypic.

This is a large subgenus of Neotropic, Holarctic, and Oriental distribution.

Colpotrochia crassipes (Provancher)
Maine s. to S. C, w. to Wis.

Cteniscus crassipes Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 109. ♀.
Barron (1975) was unable to locate any syntype.

Taxonomy: Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 456.

Colpotrochia fultoni Townes
Eastern Va., e. N. C, e. S. C.

Colpotrochia iColpotrochia) fultoni Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus.
Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 132. ♀.

Colpotrochia texana (Cresson)
N. C, S. C, Ga., Fla.

Exochodes (!) texana Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 167. ♂.
Ischyrocnewis Carolina Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 12: 443. ♂.

Colpotrochia trifasciata (Cresson)
N. S. s. to Ga., w. to Minn, and e. Kans.

Tryphon^ trifasciatus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc 3: 276. ♂.

Genus PERIOPE Haliday

Periope Haliday, 1838. Ann. Nat. Hist. 2: 114.

Type-species: Periope auscultator Haliday. Monotypic.
Monoplectron Holmgren, 1856 (1854). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. 75: 81.

Type-species: Monoplectron zygaenator Holmgren. Monotypic. The type-species is
regarded as a synonym of P. auscultator Haliday.
Oligoplectron Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 161, 218, 219.
Unnecessary n. name for Periope Haliday. The variant spelling Oligoplectrum appeared
on p. 218.
Monoplectrochus Heinrich, 1949. Muenchen. Ent. Gesell, Mitt. 35-39: 109.

Type-species: Monoplectrochus hoerhammeri Heinrich. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is a small Holarctic genus.

Periope aethiops (Cresson)
Que. w. to e. Alta., s. to n.w. S. C. and e. Nebr. Ecology: Occurs in late
summer and early fall and is often found on flowers of Aster.
Tryphon aethiops Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 106. ♀.
Chorinaeus pulchripes Provancher, 1883. Nat. Canad. 14: 12. ♀.

Genus SPUDAEUS Gistel

Trachydenna Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 283. Preocc. by Latreille, 1829 (April).

Type-species: Tmchydervia scabra Gravenhorst. Monotypic.
Spudaeus Gistel, 1848. Naturgesch. Thierr. f. Hoeh. Schul., p. xi. N. name for Trachyderma

Gravenhorst.
Tylocomnus Holmgren, 1873. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad., Ofvers. af ... Forh. 30 (4): 76 N.

name for Trachyderma Gravenhorst.

This is a small Holarctic genus.

Spudaeus indigus (Davis)
N. S. w. to B. C, s. to N. H., Mich., and Colo.

Tylecomnus (!) indigus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 204. ♂, ♀.




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scaber umbrosus (Davis). Southern Alta. s. to Ariz., w. to s. B. C. and Calif. S. scaber scaber
(Gravenhorst) is European.
Tylecomnus (!) umbrosus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 203. ♀.

Genus BOTHROMUS Townes

Bothromus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 142.
Type-species: Tylecomnus (!) minoris Davis. Orig. desig.

This is a small Nearctic genus.

Revision: Walley, 1966. Canad. Ent. 98: 1272-1275.

Bothromus bicolor Walley
Que., S. Dak., Alta., B. C.,' Wash.

Bothrovnis bicolor Walley, 1966. Canad. Ent. 98: 1273. ♀.

Bothromus cruralis Townes
Northeastern Calif.

Botlirot)ius ntinoris cruralis Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216 [pt. 1]: 144. ♀.

Bothromus gibbus Townes
Ont., w. Colo., Alta., B. C. Host: Eupithecia ravocostaliata Pack, on willow,
geometrid on willow.
Bothrovnis gibbus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]:
145. ♂, ♀.

Bothromus minoris (Davis)
Que., Maine, N. H., N. Y., Ont., Mich., Sask.?, s. B. C. Host: Eupithecia sp. on
Ceanothus sanguineus, E. castigata Hbn.? on Betula papyrifera, geometrid on Alnus.
Tylecomnus (!) minoris Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 204. ♀.

Genus APOLOPHUS Townes

Apolophus Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 111.

Type-species: Apolophus borealis Townes. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is a small Neotropic and Holarctic genus.

Apolophus borealis Townes
Northern Mich., w. Oreg., n.w. Calif.; Germany.

Apolophus borealis Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 112. ♀.

Genus LEURUS Townes

Leurus Townes, 1946. Bol. Ent. Venezolana 5: 59.

Type-species: Exochus caeruliventris Cresson. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is a small Neotropic and Nearctic genus. I have seen an undescribed species from eastern
N. C; hopefully, it will soon be described by Mr. T. P. Nuhn.

caeruliventris borealis Townes. Southeastern Mass. s. to Fla., w. to s. Mich., e. Kans. and La.
Host: Desmia funeralis (Hbn.). L. caeruliventris caeruliventris is Neotropic.
Leurus caeruliventris borealis Townes, 1959. hi Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216 [pt. 1]: 149. ♂, ♀.

Genus SETICORNUTA Morley

Megatrema Cameron, 1907. Ztschr. System. Hym. Dipt. 7: 468. Preocc. by Leach, 1825 and
Mayr, 1865.

Type-species: Megatrema albopilosa Cameron. Monotypic.
Seticomuta Morley, 1913. Fauna Brit. India, Hym., v. 3, pt. 1, p. 310.

Type-species: Seticomuta albicalcar Morley. Monotypic and orig. desig. The
type-species is regarded as a synonym of S. albopilosa (Cameron).

This is a small Oriental and Holarctic genus.

Seticornuta apicalis (Cresson)
R. I. s. to n. Fla., w. to Wis., Nebr., and Ala. Host: Acrobasis betulella

Hulst, A. caryivorella Rag., A. indigenella (Zell.), A. juglaiidis (LeB.), A. syiviella Ely.
Exochus apicalis Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 285. "♂"=♀.




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Seticornuta terminalis (Ashmead)
Que. s. to w. N. C, w. to e. Kans. Host: Tortricid, Nephopteryx
virgatella (Clem.) on Robinia pseudoacacia, N. snbcaesiella (Clem.).
Tridistus terminalis Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 201. ♂.

Genus CARRIA Schmiedeknecht

Carria Schmiedeknecht, 1924. Ent. Monthly Mag. 60: 112.

Type-species: Carria paradoxa Schmiedeknecht. Monotypic.

This is a small Holarctic and Australian genus.

Carria dreisbachi
***authority mismatch
californica Townes. Northeastern Calif.

Carria dreisbachi californica Townes, 1959. hi Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216 [pt. 1]: 157. cJ, 9.

Carria dreisbachi
***authority mismatch
dreisbachi Townes. Que. w. to Sask., s. to w. N. C. and 111.

Carria dreisbachi dreisbachi Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216 [pt. 1]: 155. ♂, ♀.

Carria dreisbachi
***authority mismatch
montana Townes. Colo., N. Mex., Ariz., w. Wash.

Carria dreisbachi viojitana Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216 [pt. 1]: 156. ♂, ♀.

Carria inculcata Townes
N. J., Md., s.e. N. C, e. S. C.

Carria inculcata Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 158.

Genus MACROMALON Townes

Macromalon Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 118.
Type-species: Macromalon montanum Townes. Monotypic and orig. desig.

Only two species are known; one from India has been reared from Pliitella xylostella (L.).

Macromalon montanum Townes
Colo. Ecology: The type specimens were collected at elevations of 9400, 9500, and 11000 ft. in the Rocky Mountains.
Macromalon mo^itamwi Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
[pt. 1]: 159. ♂, ♀.

Genus HYPSICERA Latreille

Hypsicera Latreille, 1829. In Cuvier, Le Regne Anim., ed. 2, v. 5, p. 288.

Type-species: Ichneumon femoralis Gravenhorst. Monotypically included and desig.
by Viereck, 1914. The type-species designation is Gravenhorst's 1820
identification oi Ichneumon femoralis Geoffroy.
Metacoelus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 161.

Type-species: Exochus femoralis Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from four
species included by Holmgren, 1873. The type-species designation is
Gravenhorst's 1829 identification oi Ichneumon femoralis Geoffroy.
Polyclistus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 161.

Type-species: Ichneumon femoralis Geoffroy. Desig. by Viereck, 1912 from three
species included by Thomson, 1887.
Plesioexochus Cameron, 1905. So. African Phil. Soc, Trans. 15: 202.
Type-species: Plesioexochus riifipes Cameron. Monotypic.

This large genus is Ethiopian, Oriental, and Holarctic. The largest number of species occur in
the tropics of the Old World.

Revision: Kusigemati, 1971. Kagoshima Univ., Faculty Agr., Mem. 8: 253-261 (Japanese spp.).

Hypsicera cuneata Townes
Maine, R. I., N. Y., Ont., Ohio, Alta., Ariz., Alaska, Calif.

Hypsicera cuneata cuneata Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.

216 [pt. 1]: 165. ♂, ♀.
Hypsicera cuneata opaca Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
[pt. 1]: 166. 6, 9.N. syn.




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Hypsicera curvator (Fabricius)
N. S. w. to s. B. C, s. to Pa., Colo., and Wash.; Europe. Adventive. Host:
Tinea pellionella (L.). Also occurs adventively in the Neotropic region according to
Townes and Townes (1959). Only females are known.

Ichneuvion curvator Fabricius, 1793. Ent. System., v. 2, p. 177. [female].

Ichneumon mansuetor Gravenhorst, 1807. Vergl. Uebers. Zool. Systeme, p. 254. [female].

Hyperacmus iineae Riley, 1890. U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 2: 213. ♀.

Hyperacmus ovatus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 218. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1959. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 161, 163-164 (syn.
distribution).

Hypsicera femoralis (Geoffroy)
Que. w. to Wash., s. to e. N. C, Ark., Kans., and Calif.; Eurasia; S.

Africa, Madagascar; Australia; Hawaii; Brazil, Argentina, Chile. Ecology: Often collected

on windows in buildings. Adventive. Presumably a parasite of Lepidoptera which feed

upon stored products.
Ichneumon femoralis Geoffroy, 1785. In Fourcroy, Ent. Parisiensis, v. 2, p. 396. [female?]
Exochus laevis Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 286. ♂, ♀.
Metacoelus levis Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 217. Emend.
Crypturus bonaerensis Schrottky, 1902. Buenos Aires Mus. Nac. de Hist. Nat., An. 8: 100. "♂"=♀.
Plesioexochus rufipes Cameron, 1905. So. African Phil. Soc, Trans. 15: 203. "♂"=♀.
Exochus platensis Brethes, 1924. Nunquam Otiosus-II (Buenos Aires), p. 10. [female].

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1966. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: 195-196 (syn.).

Hypsicera fulviceps Townes
Southwestern Va.

Hypsicera fulviceps Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt.
1]: 164. ♀.

Genus STETHONCUS Townes

Stethoncus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 167.
Type-species: Stethoncus arcticus Townes. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is a small Holarctic genus.

Stethoncus arcticus Townes
Newfoundland (Labrador), n. Que., N. H., n. Man., interior Alaska. This is a
subarctic species with a relict population on Mt. Washington, N. H.; the holotype is
labeled as being from Fort Chimo, Labrador, which is now in Quebec.
Stethoncus arcticus Townes, 1959. hi Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt.
1]: 168. ♂, ♀.

Genus SYNOSIS Townes

Synosis Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 168.
Type-species: Synosis clepsydra Townes. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is a small Holarctic and Neotropic genus.

Revision: Kusigemati, 1971. Kagoshima Univ., Faculty Agr., Mem. 8: 262-263 (Japanese spp.).

Synosis clepsydra Townes
Que., Vt., Mass., N. Y., Mich., s. Ind., Wis., s. B. C, n.e. Calif.

Synosis clepsydra Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]:
169.

Genus EXOCHUS Gravenhorst

Exochus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 328.

Type-species: Ichneumon gravipes Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1912.
Amesolytus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 161.

Type-species: Amesolytus ferrugineus Ashmead. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Ashmead, 1896.
Mima Davis, 1895. In Slosson, Ent. News 6: 317. Nomen nudum.
Miyna Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 206, 219. Preocc. by Meigen, 1820 and
Westerlund, 1886.

Type-species: Mima washingtonensis Davis. Monotypic.




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Xanthexocluts Morley, 1913. Fauna Brit. India, Hym., v. 3, pt. 1, p. 292.

Type-species: Xayithexochus scutellatus Morley. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is a very large genus, apparently of worldwide distribution, although no species have
been described from the Australian region.

Revision: Kusigemati, 1971. Kagoshima Univ., Faculty Agr., Mem. 8: 263-285 (Japanese spp.).

Exochus albiceps Walsh
N. J., S. C, 111.?, La.; Venezuela?

Exochus albiceps Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 96. "♂"=♀.
Exochus sulcatus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]:
211. ♂.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1972. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 74: 259 (syn.).

Exochus albifrons Cresson
P. E. I. w. to Alta. and Wash., s. to Ala., N. Mex., and CaHf. Host: Arckips
cerasivomnuN (Fitch), A.fervidanut; (Clem.), A. rileyanus (Grt.), Argyrotaenia
velutinana (Wlk.), Clioristoyieura rosaceana (Harris), Platynota idaeusalis (Wlk.).
Exochus albifrojis Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 114. ♀.

Exochus annulicrus Walsh
N. B. w. to B. C, s. to w. N. C, 111.?, Colo., and Ariz.

Exochus annulicrus Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 95. ♂.

Exochus armillosus Townes
P. E. I., Mass., N. Y., N. J., Wis., Alta.

Exochus armillosus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt.
1]: 226. ♂, ♀.

Exochus atriceps Walsh
N. B. w. to Man., s. to Fla. and Tex.

Exochus atriceps Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 95. ♂.

Exochus rufomaculatus Provancher. 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 113. ♀.
Exochus atriceps atricorpus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216 [pt. 1]:208. 6, 9.N. syn.

Exochus brutus Townes
Que., Ont, N. Y., Pa., Md., w. N. C, Sask., Alta. Host: Phycitine pyralid on Tilia.
Exochus brutus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 228. ♂, ♀.

Exochus bryanti Townes
N. S., Ont., Alta.

Exochus bryanti Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 191. ♂, ♀.

Exochus canidens Townes
N. Y., Pa., Mich., Alta.

Exochus canidens Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 250. ♀.

Exochus capnodes Townes
Northwestern Calif.

Exochus capnodes Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 239. ♂.

Exochus cnemidotus Townes
Que., Mass., R. I., N. Y., Ont., Sask., Alta., Yukon, B. C.

Exochus cnemidotus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]:237. ♂, ♀.

Exochus cuneatus Townes
Maine. The holotype is labeled as being reared from Heterarthrus
nemoratus (Fall.), but this host record is almost certainly incorrect.
Exochus cuneatus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 255. ♂.
decoratus hebes Townes. Colo., Ariz., s.e. Alaska, B. C. Host: Acleris variana (Fern.). E.
decoratus decoratus Holmgren is Eurasian.
Exochus decoratus hebes Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]:264. ♀.
decoratus scitulus Provancher. N. S. s. to Fla., w. to Minn, and Kans. Host: Acleris variayia
(Fern.), Argyrotaenia sp. on Abies, Tortricid on Abies, Epinotia aceriella (Clem.).
Exochus scitulus Provancher, 1877. Nat. Canad. 9: 15. ♀.




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Exochus denotatus Townes
Que. s. to s.e. N. C, w. to Minn. Host: Zoviaria sp., Z. interruptolhieana
(Fern.).
Exoclius denotatus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 206. ♂, ♀.

Exochus dentifrons Townes
Que., Colo., N. Mex., Ariz., Oreg., Calif.

ExocliHs dentifrons Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]:206. ♂, ♀.

Exochus dorsalis Cresson
Que. w. to s.e. Wash., s. to S. C. and Ala. Host: Meroptera pravella (Grt.) on sumac.
Exochus dorsalis Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 286. "♂"=♀.
A)nesolytus picttts Fyles, 1904. Canad. Ent. 36: 207. 9. N. syn.; preocc. in Exoclius by

Holmgren, 1858.
Exoclius pictilis Walkley, 1958. In Krombein et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, sup. 1,
p. 59. N. name for Aiuesolytus pictiis Fyles.
Exoclius dorsalis fijlesi (!) Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui.
216 [pt. 1]: 247. Lapsus for E. dorsalis pictilis Walkley.

Exochus elimatus Townes
Colo. Ecology: The type series was collected at an elevation of 9400 ft. in
the Rocky Mts.
Exochus elimatus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 194. ♂, ♀.

Exochus enodis Townes
S. Dak., Colo., Ariz.

Exochus enodis Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 189. ♂, ♀.

Exochus evetriae Rohwer
Northern Idaho, w. Wash., w. Oreg., n.w. CaHf. Host: Barbara colfaxiana
siskiyouana (Kft.), B. colfaxiana taxifoliella (Bsk.).
Exochus (Triclistus) evetriae Rohwer, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 57: 223. ♀.

Exochus externus Townes
Oreg.

Exochus externus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 238. ♀.
fastigatus Townes. Maine, Mass., R. I. Host: Ancylis comptana (Froel.) on Arctostaphylos.
Exochus fastigatus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 249. ♂, ♀.

Exochus ferrugineus (Ashmead)
Mass., Pa., Md., Fla., Iowa, S. Dak., Tex. Ecology: Possibly nocturnal.
Amesolytus ferrugineus Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 201. ♂, ♀.

Exochus flavifrontalis Davis
N. B., N. W. T., and Yukon s. to N. Y., Mich., Ariz., and Calif. Host:

Tortricid.
Exochus flavifrontalis Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 217. ♂, ♀.
Anierolytus (l) flavifrons Ashmead, 1906. In Slosson, Ent. News 17: 324. Nomen nudum.
Exochus alpinus Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 61 (8): 13. 6. Formerly preocc. in

Exochus by Tryphon alpinus Zetterstedt, 1838.
Exochus nioiitanus Walkley, 1958. In Krombein et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2,

sup. 1, p. 59. N. name for E. alpinus Cushman.

Exochus genualis Townes
N. J., Md., W. Va., Va., n. Ga., Ohio.

Exochus genualis Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 233. ♂.

Exochus gravipes (Gravenhorst)
N. S., Ont., Mich.; Eurasia. The "subspecies" E. gravipes

rufiantennalis Uchida (1942) was described from a single male specimen from

northeastern China; as it has not been included in any revision, its status as a

subspecies of gravipes remains dubious.
Ichneumon gravipes Gravenhorst, 1820. R. Accad. delle Sci. Torino, Mem. 24: 384. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Uchida, 1942. Insecta Matsumurana 16: 126-127.

Exochus hiulcus Townes
Southeastern B. C.

Exochus hiulcus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 216. ♀.




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Exochus litus Townes
N. S., s.w. Alaska, w. Wash., w. Oreg., Nev., Calif.

Exochus litus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 196. ♂, ♀.

Exochus mandibularis Cushman
N. H., Mich.

Polyclistus frontalis Ashmead, 1902. hi Slosson, Ent. News 13: 321. Nomen nudum.
Exochus mandibularis Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (8): 13. "♂"=♀.

Exochus megadon Townes
R. I., N. Y., N. J., Mich., Colo.

Exochus megadon Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 259. ♀.

Exochus mesodon Townes
R. I., Conn., N. Y.

Exochus mesodon Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 258. ♀.

Exochus mesorufus Townes
N. B., N. Y., Del., Ala.

Exochus mesorufus Townes, 1959. hi Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]:232. ♂, ♀.
mitratus atrocoxalis Cresson. N. B. w. to s. Man., s. to W. Va. and Tex. Host: Tortricid on
Kalmia. According to Townes and Townes (1959) E. mitratus juitratus Gravenhorst
and two other "subspecies" occur in Europe; they regarded a specimen from Japan as
belonging to an undescribed subspecies.
Exochus atrocoxalis Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 114. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1959. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 181.
mitratus orias Townes. Wyo., Alta., Utah, B. C, Wash., Oreg., Nev., Calif.

Exochus mitratus orias Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216
[pt. 1]: 182. cJ, 9.

Exochus montivagus Townes
Colo. Ecology: Known only from the holotype, which was collected at an
elevation of 9400 ft. in the Rocky Mts.
Exochus 7no7itivagus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt.
1]: 201. ♀.
nigripalpis subobscurus Townes. Calif. Host: Argyrotaenia citrayia (Fern.), A. franciscana
(Wlshm.), Platynota stuliaiia (Wlshm.), rose leaf tier. E. nigripalpis nigripalpis
Thomson is European.
Exochus nigripalpis siibobscurus Townes, 1959. hi Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus.
Bui. 216 [pt. 1]:219. ♂, ♀.
nigripalpis tectulum Townes. N. S. w. to B. C, s. to w. N. C, s. Wis., Colo., and n. Oreg. Host:
Archips argyrospilus (Wlk.), A. rosanus (L.), Ckoristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), C.
lauibertiana ponderosana Obraz., C. occidentalis Free.
Exochus nigripalpis tectulum Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]:218. (J, 9.

Exochus ochreatus Townes
Ariz.

Exochus ochreatus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 202. ♂.

Exochus ostentatus Davis
N. Y., N. J., Pa., Md., D. C, Ont., Ala., Minn., e. Alta.
Exochus ostentatus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 217. ♂.

Exochus peroniae Townes
N. S., N. B., Que., Maine, N. H., Vt., N. Y., s.w. Va., Ont., Mich., Colo., s. B.
C, Wash., Oreg. Host: Acleris variana (Fern.), Archippus packardianus (Fern.) on
Abies, Argyrotaenia sp.? on Abies, Clepsis melaleucana (Wlk.), Croesia albicomana
(Clem.) on scarlet oak.
Exochus peroniae Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 235. cJ, 9.
pictus xanthopsis Ashmead. N. S., Que., Maine, N. H., N. Y., w. N. C, e. Tenn. Ont., Cole, s. B.
C, Wash., Oreg., n. Calif., E. pictus pictus Holmgren is European. One specimen in the
U. S. Natl. Museum collection is labeled as being reared from Heterarthrus nemoratus
(Fall.), but this host record is almost certainly incorrect (see E. cuneatus Townes).
Exochus xanthopsis Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 201. ♂.




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Exochus pleuralis Cresson
Mass., N. Y., Man., and Yukon s. to Md., 111., Tex., and Ariz. Host: Ancylis
comptana (Froel.), Anacampsis agrinioniella (Clem.), Acleris sp. on Vibtiniuin.
Exochus pleuralis Cresson. 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 286. ♂.
Exochus pallipes Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 287. ♂. Preocc. by Exochus

pallipen (Motchulsky), 1863.
Exochus evectus Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 168. ♀.

Exochus pallUlipes Dalla Torre, 1901. Hym. Cat., v. 3, p. 213. Emend.; Preocc. in Exochus
by Dalla Torre, 1901, p. 48.

Exochus postfurcalis Townes
N. S. w. to Man., s. to N. C, Kans., and Colo. Host: Episi7nus argutamcs
(Clem.), Acleris oxycoccana (Pack.).
Exochus postfurcalis Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]:242. ♂, ♀.

Exochus pullatus Townes
Northern Man., interior Alaska.

Exochus pullatus Townes, 1959. Iti Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 197. ♂, ♀.

Exochus quadradens Townes
Md.

Exochus quadradens Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]:254. ♀.

Exochus russeus Townes
Pa.?, N. Mex., Ariz.

Exochus russeus Townes, 1959. hi Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 188. ♂, ♀.

Exochus rutilatus Townes
N. S., P. E. I., Que., Mass., N. Y., Pa., Md., e. N. C, Ont., Wis., s. B. C.

Exochus rutilatus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 225. ♂, ♀.

Exochus semirufus Cresson
N. S. s. to S. C, w. to Sask., e. Kans., and Tex.

Exochus semirufus Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 114. ♂, ♀.
Mesoleius inflatifrons Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 107. ♀.
Exochus ntfigaster Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 443. ♀.
Exochus solitarius Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 216. 6. Davis described

Exochus solitarius
***authority mismatch
from a composite specimen; this synonymy is based upon the abdomen, which
was selected as lectotype by Townes (1945); the head and thorax are those of another
Exochus sp. which Townes did not identify.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 587.

Exochus signifer Townes
Maine, N. Y., n. Ohio, Mich., Wis., Minn., Utah, Alaska, B. C.

Exochus signifer Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]:
240. ♀.

Exochus silus Townes
Northern Idaho, n. Utah, e. Calif. The type locality is River Heights (Cache Co.),
Utah.
Exochus silus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]: 261. ♂, ♀.

Exochus spilotus Townes
Coastal Maine, w. Ont., w. Wash. Host: Tortricid.

Exochus spilotus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]:
245. ♀.

Exochus spinalis Townes
Central and s.w. Calif.; Honduras? Host: Clepsis peritana (Clem.).

Exochus spinalis Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt. 1]:
202. ♀.

Exochus stenostoma Townes
Ariz., s. B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif. Host: Cadra figulilella (Greg.).

Exochus stenostoma Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt.
1]: 179. cJ, 9.

Exochus tenebrosus Townes
Northwestern Wyo., Colo., w. Wasn. Ecology: This species has been

collected at elevations between 8850 ft. and 11600 ft. in the Rocky Mts. and at 4700 ft.
in the Cascade Range.
Exochus tenebrosus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt.
1]:220. ♂, ♀.




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Exochus transversus Townes
Ont., Sask.

Exochus trayisversus Townes, 1959. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 [pt.
1]: 241. ♀.

Exochus turgidus Holmgren
Ont., Sask., and Mont. s. to n. Fla., La., N. Mex., and s. Calif.; Eurasia.

Host: Petrova albicapitana (Bsk.), Dioryctria arnatella (Hulst), D. auranticella (Grt.), D.
disclusa Hein., D. reniculella (Grt.).
Exochus turgidus Holmgren, 1858 (1856). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 1: 312. ♀.

Subfamily BANCHINAE

The distribution of this large subfamily is worldwide. The species are all thought to be inter-
nal larval parasites of Lepidoptera.

Tribe STILBOPINI

This small tribe includes three genera, only one of which is known from the Nearctic region.

Genus STILBOPS Foerster

Stilbops Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 163.

Type-species: Pivipla vetula Gravenhorst. Desig. by Ashmead, 1900 from two
species included by Schmiedeknecht, 1888.
Apkanoroptruvi Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 168.

Type-species: Lisso7iota nificoniis Gravenhorst. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Thomson, 1877. The type-species is regarded as a synonym of S.
abdovtinalis (Gravenhorst).
Aphanoroptra Thomson, 1877. Opusc. ent. 8: 736. Emend.
Aphanorrhoptrum Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 528. Emend.
Eritrachynus Schmiedeknecht, 1913. Opusc. Ichn. v. 5, fasc. 24, p. 2709.

Type-species: Eritrachynus asper Schmiedeknecht. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Schmiedeknecht, 1913 (fasc. 25, p. 2724).

According to Townes (1970) this is a moderate sized genus of Holarctic and Oriental distribu-
tion. An undescribed species is known from Maryland. The European S. abdominalis
(Gravenhorst) has been reared from the incurvarioid lepidopteran Adela reamurella (L.); its life
cycle is apparently analogous to that of pionine Ctenopelmatinae, the egg being deposited inside
that of the host and the adult emerging from the host after the latter has spun its cocoon.

Taxonomy: Short, 1957. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc, Ser. B: Taxonomy 26: 175-176
(fmal-instar larva). —Perkins, 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 11: 405-406, 453.
—Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 7.

Tribe GLYPTINI
Ten genera are known. Three occur in the Nearctic region.
Revision: Momoi, 1963. Insecta Matsumurana 25: 98-117 (Japanese spp.).

Genus SPHELODON Townes

Sphelodon Townes, 1966. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: 328.

Type-species: Glypta phoxopteridis Weed. Orig. desig.

Only three species have been described, but according to Townes this is a moderately large
genus. It is principally Neotropic, but two species are Nearctic.

Sphelodon nomene (Davis)
N. Y., Colo.

Glypta nomene Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 370. ♀.

Sphelodon phoxopteridis
***authority mismatch
(Weed). N. H. w. to B. C, s. to s.e. Ga., Ala., and n. Tex. Host: Ancylis

comptana (Froel.), Grapholitha interstinctana (Clem.), G. ytiolesta (Bsk.), Amorbia
hiimerosana Clem., Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), Platynota flavedana Clem.? on
Solanum, P. rostrana (Wlk.), tortricid on Gleditsia, Psilocorsis quercicella Clem.,
pyralid on ragweed.
Glypta phoxopteridis Weed, 1888. Ent. Amer. 4: 151. ♀.




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Glypta leiicozonata Ashmead, 1890 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 449. ♂.

Genus APOPHUA Morley

Apophua Morley, 1913. Fauna Brit. India, Hym., v. 3, pt. 1, p. 213.
Type-species: Apophua carinata Morley. Orig. desig.

Although only one Nearctic species is known, this is a fairly large Holarctic, Oriental, and
Ethiopian genus.

Taxonomy: Cushman, 1933. Insecta Matsumurana 8: 20-23. — Momoi, 1965. Insecta

Matsumurana 28: 80-81.

Apophua simplicipes (Cresson)
Maine w. to s. B. C, s. to D. C, Tex., Utah, and Wash. Host: Acleris
minuta (Rob.), Archips argyrospilus (Wlk.), C horistoneura rosaceana (Harris),
Sparganothis putmanana Free., tortricid on Gleditsia, Ancylis comptana (Froel),
Exartema footianum Clem., E. inomatanum Clem., Ennomos subsignarius (Hbn.),
Malacoaoma americanum (F.), Heterocampa bilineata (Pack.), Synimerista albifrons (J.
E. S.), Zotheca tranqnila (Grt.), Hemileuca sp.

Glypta simplicipes Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 156. ♂, ♀.

Glypta aldrichii Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 370. cj, 9.

Glypta (Glypta) rosaceanae Viereck, 1926. Canad. Ent. 58: 55.

Genus GLYPTA Gravenhorst

Glypta Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 3.

Type-species: Glypta sculpturata Gravenhorst. Desig. by Westwood, 1840.
Conoblasta Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 165.

Type-species: Glypta ceratites Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from two
species included by Woldstedt, 1877.
Diblastoniorplia Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 165.

Type-species: Glypta biconiis Desvignes. By subsequent monotypy from inclusion
by Woldstedt, 1877. The type-species is homonymous with Glypta bicomis Boie,
which is regarded as a senior synonym.
Hemiephialtes Ashmead, 1906. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 30: 177.

Type-species: Hemiephialtes glyptus Ashmead. Monotypic.
Glypta subg. Foveoglypta Hellen, 1915. Soc. pro Fauna et Flora Fenn., Acta 40 (6): 57.
Type-species: Glypta {Foveoglypta) monstrosa Hellen. Monotypic.

This is a very large genus. The greatest number of species is found in the Holarctic region and
a few species occur in the Neotropic and Oriental regions. The hosts are larvae of Lepidoptera
which conceal themselves when feeding, such as in leaf rolls, buds, cones, stems, etc.

Taxonomy: Momoi, 1965. Insecta Matsumurana 28: 81-82.

Glypta albiscutellaris Walsh
111.? The holotype was destroyed in the 1871 Chicago fire, and

apparently no concerted effort has been made to identify the species since it was
described.
Glypta albiscutellaris Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 127. ♂.

Glypta animosa Cresson
Conn. s. to N. C, w. to Mich.

Glypta ayiiviosa Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 154. ♀.

Glypta aprilis Viereck
Northeastern Kans.

Glypta aprilis Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 316. ♀.

Glypta areolata Viereck
Northern N. Mex.

Glypta areolata Viereck, 1903. In Skinner, Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 89. ♀.

Glypta borealis Cresson
"Canada," Colo.

Glypta borealis Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 158. ♂.

brunneisigna Viereck. Northeastern Kans.

Glypta bninneisigna Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 316. ♀.

Glypta californica Provancher
Calif.

Glypta californica Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 117. ♀.




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Glypta canadensis Cresson
Que., Maine, N. H., Vt., N. Y., Pa., Mich.

Glypta canadensis Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 157. ♀.

Glypta caulicola Cushman
N. J., s. Ont., and s.e. S. Dak. s. to Ga. and Kans. Host: Gnorimoschema
gallaesolidaginis (Riley), Epiblema scudderianum (Clem.), E. strenuanum (Wlk.).

Glypta caulicola Cushman, 1933. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 82 (14): 9. ♂, ♀.

Glypta dakota Cresson
"Dakota [Territory]."

Glypta Dakota Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 158. ♂, ♀.

Glypta davisii Dalla Torre
Northern Idaho.

Glypta longicauda Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 370. 9. Preocc by

Hartig, 1838.
Glypta Davisii Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 410. N. name for longicauda Davis.

Glypta divaricata (Say)
Fla. The holotype was destroyed, and apparently no concerted effort has
been made to identify the species from the original description.
Ayiomalon divaricatus Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 244. Sex not indicated.

Taxonomy: Cushman and Gahan, 1921. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc 23: 155.

Glypta diversipes Walsh
111.? The holotype was destroyed in the 1871 Chicago fire, and apparently no
concerted effort has been made to identify the species since it was described.
Glypta diversipes Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 125. ♀.

Glypta egregiafovea Viereck
Ariz.

Glypta egregiafovea Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 292. ♀.

Glypta erratica Cresson
Vt. s. to n. Ga., w. to e. S. Dak.

Glypta en-atica Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 152. ♂, ♀.

Glypta evetriae Cushman
Western Mont., Wash., Oreg., w. Calif. Host: Barbara colfaxiana
taxifoliella (Bsk.).
Glypta evetriae Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 53: 469. ♂, ♀.

Glypta exartemae Walley
N. Y., Ont. Host: Exartema vibumana McD.

Glypta exartemae Walley, 1934. Canad. Ent. 66: 235. ♂, ♀.

Glypta fumiferanae (Viereck)
N. B. w. to B. C, s. to Pa., Wis., N. mex., Ariz., and n.w. Calif. Host:
Sciapliila duplex (Wlsm.), Dioryctria reniculella (Grt.)?, Acleris variana (Fern.)?,
Choristoneura funiiferana (Clem.), C. lanibertiana (Bsk.), C. occidentalis Free., C. pinus
Free., C. retiniana (Wlsm.), Orgyia pseudotsugata McD.?, Melanolophia imitata (Wlk.)?
The few published records for this species as a parasite of Clioristoneura conflictana
(Wlk.) appear to be erroneous; all Glypta specimens I have seen which were reared
from C. conflictana are G. iyiversa (Cresson), a few of which were misidentified as G.
fumiferanae.
Conoblasta fumiferanae Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 42: 148. c5, 9.

Biology: Brown, 1947 (1946). Canad. Ent. 78: 138. — Jaynes, 1954. Jour. Econ. Ent. 47: 355.
—Dodge, 1961. Canad. Ent. 93: 224.

Morphology: Peck, 1937. Canad. Jour. Res., Sect. D (Zool. Sci.) 15: 245, 246, 248, 249, 251.

Glypta haesitator Gravenhorst
Southern B. C; Eurasia. Introduced between 1937 and 1944 in N. S.,
P. E. I., Que., B. C. and Wash.; established according to McLeod (1962), but apparently
only in B. C. Host: Laspeyresia nigricana (Steph.). The host listed was the target
species for releases in North America.
Glypta haesitator Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 12. ♂, ♀.
Glypta haesitatrix Schulz, 1906. Spolia Hym., p. 103. Emend.

Biology: Cameron, 1938. Bui. Ent. Res. 29: 282-296. — Wishart, 1939. Ent. Soc Ontario, Ann.
Rpt. 70: 69-71. —Fulton, 1947. Ent. Soc Brit. Columbia, Proc 43: 25.

Glypta idahoensis Davis
Northern Idaho, s.e. Wash., w. Oreg.

Glypta idahoensis Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 370. ♀.

Glypta impressa Davis
Northeastern 111.

Glypta impressa Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 371. c?, 9.

Glypta infumata Walley
Que., Alta.

Glypta infumata Walley, 1934. Canad. Ent. 66: 236. ♀.




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Glypta inversa Cresson
Vt. w. to interior Alaska, s. to Conn., mich., N. Mex., and n.e. Calif. Host:
Archips argyronpiius (Wlk.), Choristoneura conflictana (Wlk.), Sparganotliis
piitvianana Free., Malacosonia disstria (Hbn.), M. californicum fragile (Str.).
Glypta inversa Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 153. ♀.

Glypta kukakensis Ashmead
Southwestern Alaska.

Glypta kiikakensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 201. ♀.

Glypta longiventris Cresson
Que., N. Y., 111.

Glypta longiventris Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 154. ♂.

Glypta macra Cresson
Que., Maine, N. Y., Ont., Colo., Alta.

Glypta ynacra Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 158. ♀.
Glypta coloradensis Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 158. ♂.
Glypta ruficomis Provancher, 1873 (Dec). Nat. Canad. 5: 473. 6. Preocc by Walsh, 1873
(June?).

Glypta militaris Cresson
111.

Glypta ynilitaris Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 154. 9. •

Glypta monita Cresson
W. Va.

Glypta monita Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 155. ♀.
tnutica Cushman. Conn. s. to N. C, w. to Iowa. Host: Paralobesia viteana (Clem.), Janus
integer (Nort.)?
Glypta mutica Cushman, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 55: 540. ♂, ♀.

Glypta popofensis Ashmead
Southwestern Alaska. The male syntype represents a different species
than the female syntype.
Glypta popofensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc 4: 201. ♂, ♀.

Glypta pulchripes Cresson
W. Va.

Glypta pulchripes Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 153. ♀.

Glypta rubripes Cresson
N. Y., N. J., w. N. C, "Canada," Mo.

Glypta rubripes Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 156. ♂, ♀.

Glypta ruficornis Walsh
111.? The holotype was destroyed in the 1871 Chicago fire, and apparently no
concerted effort has been made to identify the species since it was described.
Glypta ruficornis Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 129. ♂.

Glypta rufipleuralis Walsh
III? The holotype was destroyed in the 1871 Chicago fire, and apparently
no concerted effort has been made to identify the species since it was described.
Glypta rufipleuralis Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 125. ♂.

Glypta rufiscutellaris Cresson
Mass., Ont., Alta., and Wash. s. to Ga., Tex., Utah., and s.w. Calif.;

Brazil?, Uruguay?; Australia? Host: Epiblenia strenuanum (Wlk.), Grapholitha molesta
(Bsk.), G. packardi (Zell.), G. prunivora (Walsh), Laspeyresia caryana (Fitch), L.
pomonella (L.), Melissopus latiferreanus (Wlsm.), Croesia semipurpurana (Kft.).
Glypta rufiscutellaris Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 153. ♂, ♀.
Glypta brevis Cushman, 1915. U. S. natl. Mus., Proc. 48: 510. ♀.

Biology: Allen and Lott, 1930. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 32: 135-136. -Driggers, 1930. N. J. Agr.
Expt. Sta. Bui. 510: 4-19. —Crawford, 1933. N. Y. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bui. 217: 1-29. -Merritt,
1933. Jour. Econ. Ent. 26: 788-792. —Pepper and Driggers, 1934. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 27:
594-596. — Putman, 1935. Canad. Ent. 67: 46-48. Individual larvae consume two to five host
larvae. —Van Steenburgh, 1935. Ent. Soc Ontario, Ann. Rpt. 65: 69-72. — Haden, 1935.
Del. Univ. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bui. 194: 11-42. —Montgomery, 1935. Jour. Econ. Ent. 28:
371-376.

Morphology: Peck, 1937. Canad. Jour. Res., Sect. D (Zool. Sci.) 15: 245, 246, 248, 249, 251.

Glypta rufofasciata Cresson
Que., Maine, R. I., Conn., N. Y., Ont., 111.

Glypta rufofasciata Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 158. ♂.

Glypta succineipennis Viereck
Western Kans.

Glypta succineipennis Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 315. ♀.

Glypta tricincta Provancher
Eastern Que.

Glypta tricincta Provancher, 1890. Nat. Canad. 19: 248. ♂, ♀.

Glypta truncata (Provancher)
Que., N. Y.

Clistopyga truncata Provancher, 1883. Nat. Canad. 14: 13. ♀.




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Glypta tuberculifrons Cresson
111.

Glypta tuberculifrons Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 152. ♂, ♀.

Glypta varipes Cresson
Wyo., Colo., B. C, Wash.

Glypta varipes Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 267. ♀.

Glypta variipes Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 417. Emend.

Glypta virginiensis Cresson
N. Y., N. J., Pa., W. Va.

Glypta virginiensis Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 157. ♀.

Glypta vulgaris Cresson
Mass.

Glypta vulgaris Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 154. ♂, ♀.

Glypta xanthogastra Cameron
Colo., N. Mex., Ariz.

Glypta xanthogastra Cameron, 1905. Invertebrata Pacifica 1: 128. ♀.

Genus CEPHALOGLYPTA Obrtel

Cepkaloglypta Obrtel, 1956. Zool. Listy 5: 139.

Type-species: Cepkaloglypta excavata Obrtel. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This genus is Palearctic; only two species are known.

Cephaloglypta laricis Momoi
Northern Japan. Introduced in N. B. in 1973; the fact that only 29 adults were
released would seem to have precluded establishment. Host: C horistoneura diversana
(Hbn.), Ptycholomoides aeriferanus (H.-S.). The target species for the release in N. B.
was C horistoneura fumiferana (Clem.).

Cephaloglypta laricis Momoi, 1963. Insecta Matsumurana 25: 104. ♂, ♀.

Cephaloglypta murinanae (Franz)
Europe. Introduced in Ont. in 1950, 1955, and 1956, apparently without
becoming established. Host: Choristoneura murinana (Hbn.). The target species for
releases in Ont. was C horistoneura fumiferana (Clem.).

Glypta viurinanae Franz, 1941. Ztschr. f. Angew. Ent. 27: 594. ♂, ♀.

Glypta murinanae Bauer, 1942. Mitt, aus der Ent. Gesell. zu Halle 19: 11. ♂, ♀. Preocc. by
Franz, 1941; n. syn.

Cephaloglypta excavata Obrtel, 1956. Zool. Listy 5: 140. ♂, ♀. N. syn.

Biology: Bucher, 1953. Canad. Jour. Agr. Sci. 33: 463. —Franz and Wellenstein, 1958. Ztschr.
f. Pflanzenkrank. 65: 21. -Capek, 1961. Ztschr. f. Angew. Ent. 48: 88. — Capek, 1963.
Ztschr. f. Angew. Ent. 51: 138. — Zwoelfer, 1963. Ztschr. f. Angew. Ent. 51: 348.

Tribe LISSONOTANINI

This is a very large tribe. Twenty-si.x genera were recognized by Townes (1970); ten of them
are represented by Nearctic species. The majority of the Nearctic species parasitize larvae of
Lepidoptera which conceal themselves when feeding, such as in cones, buds, stems, leaf rolls, etc
Drs. H. K. and M. C. Townes expect to publish a revision of the Nearctic species in 1978.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 17-45 (genera of world).

Genus MNIOES Townes

Mnioes Townes, 1946. Bol. Ent. Venezolana 5: 58.

Type-species: Lampronota jucunda Cresson. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is a large genus which is restricted to the New World; all but one of the species are
Neotropic.

Mnioes lunatus Kennedy
Md., D. C, Va., e. N. C, S. C, s. Ind., Ky., Tenn., s.e. Okla., Colo.
Mnioes lunatus Kennedy, 1966. Mich. Ent. 1: 17. ♂, ♀.

Genus LISSONOTA Gravenhorst

Lissonota Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 30.

Type-species: Ichneumon setosus Geoffroy. Desig. by Curtis, 1932. Curtis
designated /. setosus as the type-species of Lampronota, his replacement name
for Lissonota.




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Lampronota Curtis, 1832. Brit. Ent., v. 9, pi. 407. Unnecessary n. name for Lissonota

Gravenhorst, which is not preocc. by Lissonotus Dalman, 1817.
Stilbonoia Stephens, 1835. Illus. Brit. Ent., v. 7, p. 126.

Type-species: Lissonota sulphurifera Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Meniscus Schiodte, 1839. Mag. Zool, Ins. 9: 10

Type-species: Ichneumon catenator Panzer. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Asynida Gistel, 1848. Naturgesch. Thierr. f. hoeh. Schul., p. ix. N. name for "Lissonohis

Grav[enhorst]."
Bothynophrys Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 166.

Type-species: Ichneumon catenator Panzer. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Woldstedt, 1877.
Ensimus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 167. Preocc. by Thomson,
1859.

Type-species: Lissonota dubia Holmgren. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from four species
included by Schmiedeknecht, 1888.
Amersibia Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 167, 214, 218. N. name for

Meniscus Schiodte.
Bathycetes Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 167.

Type-species: Ichneumon catenator Panzer. Monotypically included and desig. by
Schmiedeknecht, 1888.
Opisorhyssa Kriechbaumer, 1890. Wien. Mus. der Naturgesch., Ann. 5: 488.

Type-species: Opisorhyssa flavopicta Kriechbaumer. Monotypic. The type-species
was described from "Amer. Sept. (?)," but is actually not a Nearctic species
(personal commun.. Dr. H. K. Townes, 1977).
Ctenopimpla Cameron, 1899. Manchester Lit. and Phil. Soc, Mem. and Proc. 43 (3): 189.
Preocc. by Kriechbaumer, 1898.

Type-species: Ctenopimpla albomaculata Cameron. Monotypic.
Pimploptenis Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 52.

Type-species: Pi))iplopterus alaskensis Ashmead. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Harriinaniella Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 52. Transfer from synonymy
with Cryptopinipla was advised by H. K. Townes (1976, personal communication).
Type-species: Harriinaniella yukakensis Ashmead. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Echthrodoca Schmiedeknecht, 1900. Zool. Jahrb., Abt. f. System., Geog., u. Biol. Tiere 13:
328.

Type-species: Lissonota conflagrata Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Anarthronota Schmiedeknecht, 1900. Zool. Jahrb., Abt. f. System., Geog., u. Biol. Tiere 13:
330.

Type-species: Lisso7iota manca Brauns. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Campocineta Schmiedeknecht, 1900. Zool. Jahrb., Abt. f. System., Geog., u. Biol. Tiere 13:
343.

Type-species: Campocineta varicomis Schmiedeknecht. Monotypic.
Adelopimpla Schulz, 1906. Spolia Hym., p. 116. N. name for Ctenopimpla Cameron.
Stilbopoides Rohwer, 1913. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 15: 183.

Type-species: Stilbopoides maculiventris Rohwer. Orig. desig.
Lophantium Clement, 1925. Konowia 4: 400.

Type-species: Lissonota clypealis Thomson. Orig. desig.
Gibbonota Heinrich, 1937. Polskie Pismo Ent. 14-15: 354.

Type-species: Gibbonota duplanae Heinrich. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Lissonotoides Benoit, 1955. Mus. du Congo Beige, Ann. Zool. 38: 29.

Type-species: Lissonotoides pectinatus Benoit. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is a very large genus. According to Townes (1970) it is best represented in the Holarctic
region, but has a nearly worldwide distribution.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 25-27 (new generic synonyms).

Lissonota acrobasidis (Ashmead)
Southwestern Ind.

Polysphincta phycitis Riley, 1891. In Riley and Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 3:

464. Nomen nudum.
Eusimusd) acrobasidis Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 212. 6. The
type-locality is Paxtons, Sullivan Co., Ind. (not "Paxton, Ohio").




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Lissonota aleutiana (Cresson)
n. comb. Southwestern Alaska.

Mesolehis^ ale2itiamis Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 371. ♂.
argyresthiac (Walley), n. comb. N. S., N. B., Que., Ont., Wis. Host: Argyresthia laricella Kft.

Pimplopterus argyresthiae Walley, 1961. Canad. Ent. 93: 1. ♂, ♀.

Lissonota bibrevicincta (Davis)
N. Y., Mich.

Lampronota bibrevicincta Davis, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 31. ♀.

Lissonota breviventris (Walsh)
111.? The synonymy and transfer from unplaced species of Ichneumonidae
is based upon advice received from Drs. M. C. and H. K. Townes, (personal
communications, 1977).

Lampronota pictiventris Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 119. ♂.

Lampronota breviventris Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 120. ♀.

Lissonota brunnea Cresson
Maine w. to Oreg., s. to Va., Kans., and Calif. Host: Achatodes zeae (Harris),
Luperina stipata (Morr.), Papaipema cataphracta Grt., P. nebris (Gn.).

Lissonota brunnea Cresson, 1868. Canad. Ent. 1: 37. ♀.

Nadia apalachia Viereck, 1902. Canad. Ent. 34: 68. ♂.

Biology: Decker, 1930; 1931. Iowa Agr. Expt. Sta., Res. Bui. 125: 160; 143: 345. —Decker,
1935. Iowa State Col. Jour. Sci. 9: 572.

Lissonota coloradensis (Cresson)
Man., Sask., Colo., Alta., B. C.

Lampronota coloradensis Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 165. ♀.

Lissonota conocola Rohwer
restored comb. Nebr., Ariz., B. C, Oreg., Calif. Host: Tinea defectella ZelL,
Eucosma recissoriana Heinr., Rhyacionia neomexicana (Dyar).
Lissonota conocola Rohwer, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 57: 222. ♂, ♀.

Lissonota dakrumae (Ashmead)
n. comb. Calif. Host: Cisthene faustinula {.fiisca Str., Holcocera sp.,
Dioryctria xantliaenobares Dyar.
Meniscus daknanae Riley, 1890. In Riley and Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 3:

464. Nomen nudum.
Meniscus dakrumae Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 212. 9. According to
notes on file in the U. S. Natl. Museum the syntypes were reared from a species of
Holcocera feeding on Lecanium and from Cisthene faustinula i.fusca Str. feeding on
lichens.
Lissonota dioryctriae Rohwer, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 57: 221. ♀.

Lissonota davisi (Townes)
n. comb. Southern Mich.

Lampronota angusta Davis, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 30. ♀. Preocc. by

Taschenberg, 1863.
Pimplopterus davisi Townes, 1944. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 452. N. name for
Lampronota angusta Davis.

Lissonota electra Viereck
restored comb. Northern N. Mex.

Lissonota electra Viereck, 1903. In Skinner, Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 84. ♀.

Lissonota evetriae Rohwer
restored comb. Central Colo. Host: Holcocera sp.?, Barbara colfaxiayia
taxifoliella (Bsk.).

Lissonota evetriae Rohwer, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 57: 220. 6,9. The type-locality is
Cheyenne Mountain, Colo, (not "Cheyenne, Mountains, Colorado").

Lissonota exigua (Cresson)
n. comb. W. Va.

Lampronota exigua Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 164. ♀.

Lissonota fenella Viereck
n. comb. Northern N. Mex.

Lissonota fenella Viereck, 1903. In Skinner, Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 83. ♀.

Harrimaniella minor Viereck, 1903. In Skinner, Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 87. ♂.

Lissonota frigida Cresson
Que. w. to s.w. Alaska, s. to Va. and Tex. Host: Crambus vulgivagellus Clem.

Lissonota frigida Cresson, 1868. Canad. Ent. 1: 36. ♀.

Lampronota exilis Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 165. ♂, ♀.

Lampronota imitatrix Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 121. ♀.

Pimplopterus alaskensis Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 52. ♀.

Lissonota alaskensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 197. ♀. Preocc. in
Lissonota by Ashmead, 1900.

Harrimaniella paeneimitatrix Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 317. ♀.




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Lisso7wta sakala Cushman, 1942. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 92: 287. N. name for L. alaskensis
Ashmead.

Lissonota hilaris (Cresson)
n. comb. Calif.

Lampronota hilaris Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 378. ♀.

Lissonota inconstans Cushman
restored comb. Western Oreg., s.w. Calif. Host: Melissopus latiferreanus
(Wlsm.).
Lissonota inconstans Cushman, 1940. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 42: 157. ♂, ♀.
interpellata (Walsh), n. comb. 111.? The holotype was destroyed in the 1871 Chicago fire.
Lampronota interpellata Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 118. ♂.

Lissonota jacobi (Walley)
n. comb. Southern B. C.

Asphragis jacobi Walley, 1942. Canad. Ent. 74: 234. ♂, ♀.

Lissonota laevigata (Cresson)
Que., N. Y., Ont., Alta.

Lampronota laevigata Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 162. ♀.
Lampronota levigata Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 516. Emend.

Lissonota macra (Cresson)
n. comb. Del.

Lampronota macra Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 163. ♂.

Lissonota maculiventris (Rohwer)
n. comb. Western Mont.

Stilbopoides maculiventris Rohwer, 1914. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 15: 183. ♂, ♀.

Lissonota montana (Cresson)
Newfoundland (Labrador) w. to Alaska, s. to Va., N. Mex., and Nev. Host:
Crymodes devastator (Brace), Protagrotis obscunis (B. and M.).

Lampronota montana Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 267. ♀.

Exetastes consiynilis Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 278. ♂.

Lampronota varia Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 164. ♂. N. syn.

Lampronota americana Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 164. ♀. N. syn.

Lampronota amphimilaena Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 117. ♂. N. syn.

Lampronota gelida Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 377. ♂. N. syn.

Lampronota vivida Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 378. ♂. N. syn.

Lampronota Edwardsii Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 379. 9. N.
syn.

Lampronota puritana Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 450. ♀. N. syn.

HammaniellaC.) relativa Viereck, 1902. Canad. Ent. 34: 67. ♂. N. syn.

Echthrodoca clypearia Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 199. ♂.

Harrimaniella ariel Viereck, 1903. In Skinner, Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 86. ♂.

Lissonota nigricornis (Provancher)
Que., N. Y., N. Mex., Oreg. Host: Eticosma bobana Kft.

Lampronota nigricornis Provancher, 1873. Nat. Canad. 5: 476. ♀.

Lissonota nigripes (Provancher)
Southeastern Ont.

Lainpronota nigripes Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 118. ♀.

Lissonota parallela Gravenhorst
Newfoundland (Labrador); Eurasia.

Lissonota parallela Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 79. ♂, ♀.

Lissonota parva (Cresson)
Maine w. to B. C, s. to D. C, Colo., and Calif.

Lampronota parva Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 163. ♀.

Lissonota penuria (Davis)
n. comb. "Canada."

Aperileptiis penuria Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 244. ♂.

Lissonota prionoxysti (Rohwer)
n. comb. Northern Va. Host: Prionoxystus sp. in Castanea dentata.

Amersibia prionoxysti Rohwer, 1915. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 49: 224. ♂, ♀.

Lissonota punctata (Cresson)
Que. s. to N. C, w. to Colo.

Lampronota punctata Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 160 (key), 163. 9. The
alternate spelling "punctulata" which appeared on p. 163 was rejected in favor of

Lissonota punctata
***authority mismatch
by Cushman (1925).
Lampronota albifacies Provancher, 1873. Nat. Canad. 5: 475. ♂.

Lissonota recurvariae Cushman
restored comb. Maine, N. Y.

Lissonota recurvariae Cushman, 1935. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 25: 552. ♂, ♀.

Lissonota rubrica (Cresson)
Que. s. to Ga., w. to Iowa.

Lampronota rubrica Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 165. ♀.
Lampronota humeralis Provancher, 1873. Nat. Canad. 5: 476. "♀"=♂.




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Lissonota philipi Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey Bui. 22:

314. ♂.

Lissonota scutellaris (Cresson)
Que., Mass., N. Y., N. J., Ont., W. Va., Ill, Minn., Mo., Kans., n. N. Mex.

Host: Synanthedon tipulifonnis (Clerck), Filatima pseudoacaciella (Chamb.).
Lampronota scutellaris Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 161. ♀.
Meniscus Crevieri Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 29. ♀.
Bathycetes nidia Viereck, 1903. In Skinner, Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 85. ♀.

Lissonota segnis (Cresson)
n. comb. Southwestern B. C.

Lampronota segnis Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 378. ♂.

Lissonota sesiavora (Rohwer)
n. comb. R. I., N. Y., N. J., Md., Va. Host: Synanthedon pyri (Harris),
Grapholitha molesta (Bsk.)?

Stilbopoides sesiavora Rohwer, 1914. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 15: 184. ♂, ♀.

Lissonota sexcincta (Ashmead)
n. comb. Colo.

Pimpla sexcmcta Ashmead, 1900. Colo. Biol. Assoc, Bui. 1: 24. ♂.

Taxonomy: Walkley, 1967. In Krombein et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, sup. 2, p. 172.

Lissonota tegularis (Cresson)
Que. s. to N. C, w. to Minn., Kans., and Tex. Ecology: Occurs in fall on

flowers of Solidago. Host: Tortricid leaf roller on Solidago^, Oligia fractilinea (Grt.)?

Incorrectly placed in Alloplasta by Barron (1975).
Lissonota rufipes Cresson, 1868. Canad. Ent. 1: 36. ♀. Preocc. by Brischke, 1867.
Lampronota tegularis Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 163. ♂.
Arenetra Qnebecensis Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 141. ♂.
Lampronota Provancheri Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 518. N. name for

Lampronota rufipes Provancher; because Lampronota nifipes Provancher is

Provancher's (1880 and 1883) lapsus for Lampronota rufipes (Cresson) (cf. Provancher,

1873), the name provancheri is unavailable.

Taxonomy: Provancher, 1873. Nat. Canad. 5: 476. -Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 539.

Lissonota tropica (Davis)
n. comb. Colo., s. Calif.

Aperileptus tropicus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 244. ♂.

Lissonota yakutatensis Ashmead
n. comb. Southeastern Alaska.

Pimplopterus yakutatensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 197. ♀.

Lissonota yukakensis (Ashmead)
Southwestern Alaska.

Harrimaniella yukakensis Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 23: 52. ♂.
Harrimaniella kukakensis{\) Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 198.
Lissonota kukakensis Cushman, 1942. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 92: 287. Unjustified emend.

Genus LOXODOCUS Townes

LoxodocHs Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 27.
Type-species: Lampronota pallorana Davis. Orig. desig.

This is a moderate sized genus of Nearctic and Neotropic (Mexico and probably Central
America) distribution. Most of the species are Neotropic; at least half of them are undescribed.

Loxodocus palloranus (Davis)
Mass., N. J., Pa., N. C.

Lampronota pallorana Davis, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 31. ♀.

Genus ALLOPLASTA Foerster

Alloplasta Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 167.

Type-species: Lissonota marina Gravenhorst. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Woldstedt, 1877. The type-species is regarded as a synonym of A.
piceator piceator (Thunberg).
Asy^nniictus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 200.

Type-species: Asymmictus iridescens Davis. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from two
species included by Davis, 1898.
Trysicampe Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 207.

Type-species: Ichneumon piceator Thunberg. Monotypically included and desig. by
Perkins, 1962.




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Trichopimpla Cameron, 1903. Ztschr. System. Hym. Dipt. 3: 303.
Type-species: Tridiopinipla pilosa Cameron. Monotypic.

This is a small Holarctic and Oriental genus.

piceator bullata (Davis). Pa., Alta., Mont., Idaho, Wash. A. piceafor piceator (Thunberg) is
Eurasian. Treatment of bullata as a subspecis of piceator is based upon unpublished
information provided by Dr. H. K. Townes.
Lampronota bullata Davis, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 30. ♀.

Alloplasta superba
***authority mismatch
iridescens (Davis). Nev.

AsyvimictHS iridescens Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 325. "♀"=♂.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 29.

Alloplasta superba
***authority mismatch
superba (Provancher). Que., Maine, N. H., Vt., Conn., N. Y., Wis., Tex.?, Sask.?, Colo.?
Meniscus superbus Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 30. ♀.

Genus ARENETRA Holmgren

Lasiops Holmgren, 1856 (1854). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. 75: 68. Preocc. by Meigen,

1838.

Type-species: Tryphon pilosella Gravenhorst. Monotypic.
Arenetra Holmgren, 1859. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad., Ofvers. af ... Forhandl. 16: 127. N.

name for Lasiops Holmgren.

This is a moderate sized Holarctic genus. The adults occur in late winter through mid-spring
or in mid to late fall.

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1951. In Muesebeck et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2:
310.

Arenetra canadensis Cresson
Southeastern Ont., Wis., w. Iowa, e. S. Dak., e. Wyo., Colo., N. Mex., s.
Idaho, e. Wash.
Arenetra canadensis Cresson, 1868. Canad. Ent. 1: 36. ♂.

Arenetra hirsutula Walley
revised status. Southern Mich., s.e. Minn., s. Sask. Resurrection from

synonymy with canadensis based upon unpublished information provided by Dr. H. K.
Townes.
Arenetra hirsutula Walley, 1931. Canad. Ent. 63: 169. ♂.

Arenetra leucotaenia Viereck
revised status. Mass., N. Y., Md., D. C, n. Va., n.e. Kans. Resurrection

from synonymy with nigrita based upon unpublished information provided by Dr. H. K.
Townes.
Arenetra leucotaenia Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 318. ♀.

Arenetra nigrita Cresson
N. H., Mass., Conn., N. J., Pa., n. Va., s. Wis., n. Miss., Iowa, e. S. Dak.

Are7ietra nigrita Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 159. cJ, 9.

Arenetra pallipes Harrington
revised status. Southeastern and n. Idaho, s.w. B. C, e. Wash., w. Oreg.
Resurrection from synonymy with nigrita based upon unpublished information provided
by Dr. H. K. Townes.
Arenetra pallipes Harrington, 1894. Canad. Ent. 26: 250. ♂.

Arenetra pallidipes Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 313. Unjustified emend.

Arenetra rufipes Cresson
revised status. Que. w. to Alaska, s to s.e. N. Y., S. Dak., N. Mex., s. Idaho,
and s. Oreg. Host: Euxoa sp. Resurrection from synonymy with nigrita based upon
unpublished information provided by Dr. H. K. Townes.
Arenetra rufipes Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 159. ♀.

Arenetra vernalis Walley, 1931. Canad. Ent. 63: 171. 9. N. syn.; identification labels of Dr.
H. K. Townes on specimens in the U. S. Natl. Museum collection indicate that he will be
treating vernalis as a sympatrie subspecies of rufipes.

Unplaced Taxa of Arenetra

In the forthcoming revision of Drs. H. K. and M. C. Townes, the names below will presumably
be suppressed as synonyms of one or two of the Arenetra species listed above (cf. Townes and
Townes, 1951).




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Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1951. hi Muesebeck et ai, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2:
310.
Arenetra occulta Walley, 1931. Canad. Ent. 63: 170. cJ. Southwestern B. C.
Arenetra ventralis Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 160. cJ. N. Y.

Genus CRYPTOPIMPLA Taschenberg

Cryptopivipla Taschenberg, 1863. Ztschr. f. die Gesam. Naturw. [Halle] 21: 292.

Type-species: Pkytodietus blajidus Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Apkanodon Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 166.

Type-species: Phytodietus errabundus Gravenhorst. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Schmiedeknecht, 1888.
Xenach Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 167.

Type-species: Lissmiota caligata Gravenhorst. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Brischke, 1880.
Xenoconiia Schmiedeknecht, 1900. Zool. Jahrb., Abt. f. System. 13: 334.

Type-species: Xenoconiia solitaria Schmiedeknecht. Monotypic.
Trevoria Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 50.

Type-species: Trevoria ytikatateiisis Ashmead. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Fintona Cameron, 1909. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, Jour. 19: 726.

Type-species: Fintona nigripalpis Cameron. Monotypic.

This is a moderate-sized genus of Holarctic, Oriental, and Ethiopian distribution. It is best
represented in the Palearctic Region.

blanda jocosa (Cresson), n. status. Que. s. to W. Va., w. to 111. C. blanda blanda (Gravenhorst)
is European; treatment o{ jocosa as a subspecies of blanda is based upon unpublished
information provided by Dr. H. K. Townes.

Lam pronotaf jocosa Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 162. ♂.

Lampronota agilis Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 164. ♀.

Mesolepttis angustus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 96. ♂, ♀.

Tryphon fractiis Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 101. ♂.

Polyblastus decorattis Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 107. "♀"=♂.

Polyblastus inomatus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 108. ♀.

genalis obscurella (Cresson), n. status. Que., w. N. C, Wash., Calif. C. genalis genalis

(Thomson) is European; treatment of obscurella as a subspecies of genalis is based upon

unpublished information provided by Dr. H. K. Townes.
Phytodietus obscurellus Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 379. ♀.
Aphanodon luctuosus Walley, 1934. Canad. Ent. 66: 237. ♂, ♀.

Cryptopimpla pleuralis (Cresson)
Que. s. to N. C, w. to Minn., Mo., and Tex. Host: Argyrotaenia velutinana

(Wlk.). Generic placement on advise from H. K. Townes (1976, personal commun.).
Lampronota pleuralis Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 161. ♂, ♀.
Lampronota occidentalis Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 161. ♀.
Lampronota insita Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 162. ♀.
Lampronota pulchella Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 162. ♂.
Lissonota cressoni Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey Bui. 22:

314. Unnecessarily proposed n. name for Lampronota occidentalis Cresson.

Cryptopimpla yukatatensis (Ashmead)
Southeastern Alaska.

Trevoria yukatatensis Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 23: 50. ♂.
Trevoria yakutate7isis(\) Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc 4: 198.
Trevoria yakutatensis Cushman, 1942. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 92: 287. Unjustified emend.

Genus ISOMERIS Townes

Isomeris Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 13: 35.

Type-species: Lampronota margijiata Provancher. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is a small Neotropic and Nearctic genus.




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Isomeris marginata (Provancher)
Que., R. I., N. Y., Pa., Ont., W. Va. Host: Trichotaphe levisella Fyles.
Lampronota 7)iarginata Provancher, 1873. Nat. Canad. 5: 474. ♀.

Genus SYZEUCTUS Foerster

Diceratops Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 167.

Type-species: Pinipla bicortiis Gravenhorst. Monotypically included and desig. by
Schmiedeknecht, 1888.
Syzeuctus foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 167.

Type-species: Ichneumon maculatoriiis Fabricius. Monotypically included and desig.
by Schmiedeknecht, 1888.
Syzeucta Thomson, 1889. Opusc. Ent. 13: 1415. Emend.
Meyva Cameron, 1899. Manchester Lit. and Phil. Soc, Mem. and Proc. 43 (3): 191.

Type-species: Meyva villosa Cameron. Monotypic.
Rhynchotrevoria Cameron, 1906. So. African Mus., Ann. 5: 125.

Type-species: Rhynchotrevoria rostrata Cameron. Monotypic.
Ephialtina Szepligeti, 1908. In Sjostedt, Kilimandjaro-Meru Exped., v. 8, p. 74.

Type-species: Ephialtina apicalis Szepligeti. Monotypic.
Leptoglyphis Brethes, 1927. Ent. Mitt. 16: 39.

Type-species: Leptoglyphis minasensis Brethes. Monotypic.
Paratanera Rao, 1953. Indian Forest Rec, New Ser., Ent. 8: 171.

Type-species: Paratanera indica Rao. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is a large genus of Neotropic, Holarctic, Oriental, and Ethiopian distribution. Most of the
species are tropical.

Syzeuctus comptus (Davis)
Que. w. to Iowa, s. to n. Ga. and e. Kans.
Meniscus comptus Davis, 1894. Canad. Ent. 26: 322. ♀.

Syzeuctus elegans (Cresson)
Maine s. to Fla., w. to Minn, and Mo. Host: Tetralopha aplastella (Hulst), T.
asperatella (Clem.), T. robustella zell.
Meiiiscus elegans Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 165. ♂, ♀.
Meniscus Slossonae Davis, 1894. Canad. Ent. 26: 322. ♀.

Syzeuctus epischniae
***authority mismatch
epischniae Cushman. Southern Oreg., n. Calif. Host: Pirna granitella (Rag.).

Syzeuctus epischniae Cushman, 1926. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 67 (23): 9. ♂, ♀.

Syzeuctus epischniae
***authority mismatch
sigmoidalis Cushman, n. status. Eastern Que. Treatment of sigmoidalis as a

subspecies of epischniae is based upon unpublished information supphed by Dr. H. K.
Townes.
Syzeuctus sigmoidalis Cushman, 1926. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 67 (23): 8. cJ, 9.

Syzeuctus eximius Walley
Northwestern Iowa, s. Man., Colo., n.e. Oreg., Nev.; Mexico.
Syzeuctus eximius Walley, 1934. Canad. Ent. 66: 238. cJ, 9.

Genus EUDELEBOEA Lopez Cristobal

Eudeleboea Lopez Cristobal, 1935. La Plata Univ. Nac, Facultad de Agron., Rev. 20: 156.

Type-species: Eudeleboea lopezi Lopez Cristobal. Monotypic.
Austrolissonota Blanchard, 1941. Dir. Sanid. Veg., Bol. Informativo 4 (14): 16. Nomen
nudum.

This large genus is restricted to the New World. Most of the species are Neotropic.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 43-44 (N. Amer. spp. referred to
genus).

Eudeleboea michiganensis (Davis)
Northern Va., n.w. S. C, s. Mich., Mo., n.e. Kans. Host: Stenoma
schlaegeri Zell., Psilocorsis reflexella Clem.
Meniscus Michiganensis Davis, 1894. Canad. Ent. 26: 323. ♀.

Eudeleboea mirabilis (Cresson)
Newfoundland (insular) s. to N. C, w. to Mich., e. Kans., and Ariz. Host:
Aroga trialbaniaculella (Chamb.), Filatima pseudoacaciella (Chamb.)?, tortricid on
Myrica asplenifolia.
Meniscus mirabilis Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 166. ♀.




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Clistopyga pleuralis Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 448. 6. Notes on fUe
in the U. S. Natl. Museum indicate that the syntypes were possibly reared from
Filatima pseudoacaciella (Chamb.).

Meniscus ostentator Davis, 1894. Canad. Ent. 26: 321. ♂, ♀.

Asphragis pulcherrimus Ashmead, 1898. In Dimmock and Ashmead, Ent. Soc. Wash.,
Proc. 4: 170. ♂, ♀.

Eudeleboea subflava (Davis)
N. C, S. C, Ga., Mo., Tex. Host: Caterpillar in Reullia sp.

Meniscus subflavus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 371. ♂, ♀.

Genus DIRADOPS Townes

Diradops Townes, 1946. Bol. Ent. Venezolana 5: 59.

Type-species: Meniscus bethmiei Cresson. Orig. desig.

This large genus is restricted to the New World. All but one of the species are Neotropic.

Diradops bethunei (Cresson)
Ont. s. to central Ga., w. to n.e. Kans. Host: Heterocampa manteo (Dbldy.).
Meniscus Bethunei Cresson, 1869. Canad. Ent. 1: 105. ♀.
Meniscus/ Johnsonii Davis, 1894. Canad. Ent. 26: 323. ♀.

Tribe BANCHINI

This is a small tribe of worldwide distribution. Four of the nine currently recognized genera
are represented by Nearctic species. The hosts are caterpillars of Lepidoptera which expose
themselves when feeding. Drs. H. K. and M. C. Townes have essentially completed a revision of
the Nearctic species and expect to publish it in 1978.

Genus EXETASTES Gravenhorst

Exetastes Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 395.

Type-species: Ichneumon fornicator Fabricius. Desig. by Westwood, 1840.
• Leptobatus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 432.

Type-species: Leptobatus ziegleri Gravenhorst. Desig. by viereck, 1914.
Semnophrys Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 158.

Type-species: Exetastes notatus Holmgren. Monotypically included and desig. by
Perkins, 1962.
Rhimphalea Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 202. Preocc. by Lerder,
1863.

Type-species: Rhimphalea brevicorpa Davis. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Davis, 1897.
Icyona Cameron, 1903. Ztschr. System. Hym. Dipt. 3: 340.

Type-species: Iconya rufipes Cameron. Monotypic. The type-species is an objective
synonym of £. cameroni Townes.
Exetastes subg. Allexetastes Kokujev, 1904. Rev. Russe d'Ent. 4: 106.

Type-species: Exetastes (Allexetastes) komarovi Kokujev. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Rhynchexetastes Cameron, 1906. So. African Mus., Ann. 5: 102.

Type-species: Rhynchexetastes violaceipennis Cameron. Monotypic.
Tegona Morley, 1913. Fauna Brit. India, Hym., v. 3, p. 251.

Type-species: Tegona rufipes Morley. Monotypic. The type-species is regarded as a
synonym of E. cameroni Townes.
Psuedexetastes Meyer, 1927. Konowia 6: 308.

Type-species: Pseudexetastes diakonovi Meyer. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is a large genus of Neotropic, Holarctic, Oriental (except East Indies), and Ethiopian dis-
tribution. Most of the species occur in unforested terrain or in ecotones between forest and
grassland.

Revision: Cushman, 1937. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 84: 243-312.

Exetastes abdominalis Cresson
Minn., Colo., Alta.

Exetastes abdominalis Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 276. ♀.

Exetastes affinis Cresson
Mich., Colo., Oreg.

Exetastes affinis Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 277. ♀.




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Exetastes albitarsis
***authority mismatch
albitarsis Provancher. N. S. w. to interior Alaska, s. to Pa and Minn.

Exetastes albitarsis Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 78. ♀.

Exetastes rugosus Cushman, 1937. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 84: 280. Unnecessary n. name for

Exetastes albitarsis Provancher
which is not preocc. by albitarsus Gravenhorst, 1829.

Exetastes albitarsis
***authority mismatch
concavus Cushman, n. status. Colo., Ariz.

Exetastes concavus Cushman, 1937. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 84: 281. ♂, ♀.

Exetastes albitarsis
***authority mismatch
crassisculptus Cushman, n. status. Alta.?, s.e. Alaska, s. B. C, e. Wash., w. Oreg.

Exetastes crassisculptus Cushman, 1937. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 84: 278. ♂, ♀.

Exetastes alternatipes Cushman
Central N. Mex.

Exetastes alternatipes Cushman, 1937. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 84: 299. ♀.

Exetastes alticola Cushman
Southwestern Colo., Wash.?

Exetastes alticola Cushman, 1937. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 84: 284. ♂, ♀.

Exetastes angustoralis Cushman
Que. s. to n. Ga., w. to n. Wyo. and Nebr.

Exetastes angustoralis Cushman, 1937. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 84: 291. ♂, ♀.

Exetastes bifenestratus Cushman
D. C, s. Ind., and Kans. s. to s. Fla. and s. Tex.; Cuba, Mexico. Host:
Agrotis malefida Gn.

Ichneumon bifasciatus Say, 1829. Contrib. Maclurian Lyceum to Arts and Sci. 1: 72. ♀.
Preocc. by Geoff roy, 1785.

Exetastes bifenestratus Cushman, 1937. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 84: 274. N. name for /.
bifasciatus Say.

Exetastes bioculatus Cresson
D. C, n. Va., Ky., n. 111., n.e. Kans., Tex.

Exetastes bioculatus Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 169. ♂.

Rhiniphalea brevicorpa Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 274. ♀.
biturainosus Cushman. Mass., n. Minn., and B. C. s. to central S. C, n. Ga., Mo., and N. Mex.
Host: Abagrotis alteryiata (Grt.).

Exetastes bituminosus Cushman, 1937. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 84: 300. ♂, ♀.

Exetastes brevicornis Cushman
Eastern S. Dak., Sask., s. Alta.

Exetastes brevicornis Cushman, 1937. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 84: 273. 6,9. *

buecatus Cushman. Colo., Utah, s.w. Calif.

Exetastes buecatus Cushman, 1937. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 84: 271. ♂, ♀.

Exetastes caeruleus Cresson
Mont., Colo., s. Yukon, s.e. Alaska.

Exetastes caenileus Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 276. ♀.

Exetastes caliginosus (Walley)
Southern Sask., e. Wyo.?, Alta. This species was not included in the
revision of Cushman (1937).

Areiietra caligiiiosa Walley, 1931. Canad. Ent. 63: 168. ♂.

Exetastes callipterus Cushman
Southern Ariz.

Exetastes callipterus Cushman, 1937. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 84: 277. ♀.

Exetastes carinatifrons Cushman
Southwestern Tex., N. Mex., Ariz.; Mexico.

Exetastes carinatifrons Cushman, 1937. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 84: 255. ♀.

Exetastes carinatus Cushman
Southern T€x.

Exetastes carinatus Cushman, 1937. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 84: 258. ♀.

Exetastes coloradensis Cushman
Colo. Cushman did not give complete data for the holotype; according
to C. F. Baker's notebook it was collected at Fort Collins, Colo, on June 2, 1894 by R. C.
Stephenson.

Exetastes colorade7isis Cushman, 1937. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 84: 298. ♀.

Exetastes convergens Cushman
Ont., w. S. Dak., Wyo., Colo., s.w. Alta., w. Mont., Alaska, s. B. C, w.
Oreg.

Exetastes subiinpressus Cushman, 1937. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 84: 288. ♂, ♀. N. syn.

Exetastes nigribasis Cushman, 1937. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 84: 289. cJ, 9. N. syn.

Exetastes nifobalteatus Cushman, 1937. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 84: 290. ♂, ♀. N. syn.

Exetastes angustus Cushman, 1937. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 84: 290. ♀. N. syn.

Exetastes convergens Cushman, 1937. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 84: 291. ♀.

Exetastes corvinus Cushman
Western Wash., w. Nev., Calif.

Exetastes corvinus Cushman, 1937. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 84: 303. ♀.




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Exetastes deuteromaurus Dalla Torre
Calif.

Exetastes maurus Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 370. ♀. Preocc. by

Desvignes, 1856.
Exetastes deuterommirus Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 71. N. name for maunis
Cresson.

Exetastes dichrous Cushman
Colo., n.e. Calif.

Exetastes dichrous Cushman, 1937. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 84: 302. ♀.

Exetastes dilutipes Cushman
Northwestern Wyo., s.w. Alta., s.w. B. C. Cushman failed to give complete
data for the holotype; it was collected on Mt. Norquay, Banff Natl. Park, Alta. in a
mountain meadow at an elevation between 5000 and 6000 ft.
Exetastes dilutipes Cushman, 1937. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 84: 285. ♂, ♀.

Exetastes erythrogaster Cushman
Northern Colo., s.w. Alta., s. B. C, w. Oreg.

Exetastes erythrogaster Cushman, 1937. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 84: 297. ♂, ♀.
Exetastes concoloripes Cushman, 1937. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 84: 298. ♂, ♀. N. syn.
Cushman did not give complete data for the holotype; it was collected at North Park,
Colo, in July by C. F. Baker.

Exetastes fascipennis Cresson
Colo., N. Me.x., Alta., Ariz.

Exetastes Jlavitarsis Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 277. ♂.
Exetastes fascipennis Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 278. ♀.
Exetastes Cressonii Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 70. Unnecessary n. name for

Exetastes flavitarsis Cresson
which is not preocc. by E. flavitarstis Gravenhorst, 1829.

Exetastes flavipennis
***authority mismatch
Cresson. Mass., s. Mich., and w. Idaho s. to w. N. C, s. Ga., and Colo.; Mexico.

Incorrectly treated as a subspecies of the Eurasian E. fornicator (Fabricius) by Townes
and Townes (1966).
Exetastes flavipennis Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 275. ♀.
Exetastes anthracimis Cushman, 1937. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 84: 305. ♂, ♀. N. syn.
Exetastes geniinus Cushman, 1937. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 84: 306. ♀. N. syn.

Ta.xonomy: Townes and Townes, 1966. Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 8: 137.

Exetastes flavus Cushman
Northeastern Colo., N. Mex.

Exetastes flavus Cushman, 1937. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 84: 265. ♀.
igneipennis Cushman. Northeastern Colo., N. Mex., Ariz.; Mexico.

Exetastes igneipennis Cushman, 1937. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 84: 270. ♂, ♀.

Exetastes illinoiensis (Walsh)
Southern Mich., 111., Minn., w. Iowa, Sask., Colo., Alta. Host: Cutworm.

Leptobatus illinoiensis Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 148. ♀.

Exetastes infumatricus Cushman
B. C, w. Wash.

Exetastes infumatricus Cushman, 1937. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 84: 283. ♀.

Exetastes lasius Cushman
Eastern Nebr., Kans., s. Ariz., s.w. Calif. Host: Euxoa (.Chorizagrotis)
auxiliaris (Grt.).

Exetastes lasius Cushman, 1937. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 84: 258. ♂, ♀.

Exetastes matricus Provancher
Que., Mass., Ont., s.w. S. Dak., Alta.

Exetastes 7natricus Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11: 213. ♀.

Exetastes nervulus
***authority mismatch
nervulus (Say). N. B. w. to w. Ont. and s.w. S. Dak., s. to w. N. C, n. Ga., and s. Ind.

Banchus nervulus Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 246. Sex not indicated.

Exetastes rufofemoratus Provancher, 1877. Nat. Canad. 9: 14. ♀. N. syn.

Exetastes exphratus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 365. ♂, ♀.

Exetastes nervulus var. intennedius Cushman, 1937. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 84: 310. ♂, ♀.
N. syn.

Exetastes nervulus
***authority mismatch
niger Cresson. Southwestern S. Dak. w. to s.w. Alta. and w. Oreg., s. to N. Mex. and
Ariz.

Exetastes niger Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 275. ♂, ♀.

Exetastes persi)nilis Cushman, 1937. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 84: 306. ♂, ♀. N. syn.

Exetastes obscurus Cresson
Mass., s. Man., and s. Wash. s. to e. N. C, n. Ga., Mo., and n.w. Oreg.; n.w.
Mexico? Host: Euxoa ochrogaster (Gn.).

Exetastes decoloratus Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 280. ♂.

Exetastes obscurus Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 281. ♀.




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Exetastes ornatus Cushman
N. H., R. I., Conn., N. Y., N. J., Pa., Md., Ohio, Mich.

Exetastes oniatus Cushman, 1937. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 84: 286. ♂, ♀.

Exetastes pallidus Cushman
Northwestern S. Dak., Colo.

Exetastes pallidus Cushman, 1937. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 84: 266. ♀.

Exetastes pectinatus Cushman
Sask., w. S. Dak., Colo., s.w. Alta., n.w. Mont., n.e. Calif.

Exetastes pectinatus Cushman, 1937. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 84: 272. ♀.

Exetastes pictus Cushman
Western Tex., s. Ariz.; Mexico.

Exetastes pictus Cushman, 1937. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 84: 260. ♀.

Exetastes pilosus Cushman
Western Oreg.

Exetastes pilosus Cushman, 1940. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 88: 364.

Exetastes propinquus
***authority mismatch
Cushman. N. J. s. to Fla., w. to central Tenn. and s. Tex. Ecology: Occurs on
Solidago flowers.

Exetastes propinquus Viereck, 1910 (1909). In Smith, N. J. State Mus., Rpt. (for 1909), p. 618. Nomen nudum.

Exetastes propinquus Cushman, 1937. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 84: 267. ♂, ♀.

Exetastes ridens Cushman
Northern Utah, Ariz., n. Idaho, s. B. C, e. Wash., n.w. Calif.

Exetastes ridens Cushman, 1937. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 84: 262. ♂, ♀.

Exetastes ruficoxalis Cushman
S. Dak., Colo., Alta., Idaho, n. Utah, B. C, Wash.

Exetastes ruficoxalis Cushman, 1937. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 84: 294. ♂, ♀.

Exetastes rufipes Cresson
Wyo., Colo., s. Idaho, Wash., Oreg., n. Calif.

Exetastes rufipes Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 277. ♀.

Exetastes purpureus Cushman, 1937. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 84: 285. ♀.

Taxonomy: Cushman, 1940. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 88: 364.

Exetastes scutellaris Cresson
Western S. Dak., Colo., N. Mex., s. Alta., n. Utah, s.w. Calif.; n.w. Mexico?
Exetastes scutellaris Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 279. ♂, ♀.
Banchus caudatus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 121. ♀.

Exetastes septum Cushman
Southwestern Oreg., w. Calif. Host: Catabena lineolata Wlk.

Exetastes septum Cushman, 1937. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 84: 257. ♂, ♀.

Exetastes suaveolens Walsh
N. B. s. to n. Ga., w. to s. Alta. Host: Cucullia asteroides Gn.

Exetastes suaveolens Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 146. cJ, 9.

Paniscus Quebecensis Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 106. "9"=cJ ? (6 misdet).
Provancher's description of the "female" agrees with suaveolens, but according to
Barron (1975) the only suaveolens female in the Provancher collections was collected too
recently to be a syntype of E. Quebecensis. Because there are five suaveolens males in
the Provancher collections which cannot be otherwise excluded as possible syntypes, it
would seem logical to conclude that Provancher misdetermined the sex of his E.
Quebecensis "female."

Taxonomy: Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11: 212 (syn.). —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102:
541-542.

Exetastes zelotypus Cresson
Western Calif.

Exetastes zelotypus Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 370. ♂, ♀.

Genus AGATHILLA Westwood

Agathilla Westwood, 1882. Tijdschr. v. Ent. 25: 23.

Type-species: Agathilla fulvopicta Westwood. Monotypic.

Three species are known. The type-species is Mexican, and an undescribed species occurs in
Arizona.

Agathilla bradleyi (Viereck)
N. J., n. Va., n. Ohio, s. 111., n.e. Kans. Host: Cirrophanus triangulifer Grt.
This is obviously the species upon which Ashmead (1900) based his description of
Agathobanchus; however, because Ashmead misidentified bradleyi as Banchus aeqiiatus
Say, Agathobanchus is placed as a synonym oi Acroricnus (which see) rather than
Agathilla.
Agathobanchus bradleyi Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 303. ♂, ♀.




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Taxonomy: Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 97. — Cushman and Gahan, 1921. Ent.
Soc. Wash., Proc. 23: 158-159.

Genus CERATOGASTRA Ashmead

Ceratosoma Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 281. Preocc. by Adams and Reeve,
1850.

Type-species: Ceratosoma fasciata Cresson. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Ceratogastra Ashmead, 1900. Canad. Ent. 32: 368. N. name for Ceratosoma Cresson.

Two species are known, C. pulchricolor Aubert having been recently described from Tur-
kestan.

Ceratogastra ornata (Say)
Mass., s. Ont., s. Wis., and n.e. Calif., s. to n. Fla., s. La., s. N. Mex., and s.e. Calif.;
Mexico. Ecology: Numerous specimens in the U. S. Natl. Museum collection were
collected by J. C. Bridwell and many of them are labeled as ovipositing in flowers of
Ambrosia artemisiifolia; a few of them are labeled as ovipositing in flowers of
EupatoriiDn. Bridwell collected numerous specimens on Soiidago, but none of these are
labeled as ovipositing in the flowers. According to Dr. H. K. townes (personal
communication, 1976) the information on ortiata given by Townes (1970) was in part
personally communicated to him by Bridwell. According to Bridwell, ornata oviposits in
newly hatched larvae of a species of Feltia (generic identification in need of
confirmation) which oviposits in flowers of Compositae but whose larvae feed
terrestrially (i.e. as cutworms on or in the ground). This account appears to be
supported by a number of specimens labeled as being reared from cutworms. Host:
Feltia sp.?, cutworm.

Agathis polita Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 225.
Agathis oniata Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 226. ♂.

Ceratoso7iia apicalis Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 282. ♂, ♀. N. syn.

Ceratosoma fasciata Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 283. ♀.

Ceratosoma rubyata Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 366. ♀.

Ceratogastra trifasciata Cushman, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 72 (13): 21. ♀. N. syn.

Taxonomy: Cushman, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 72 (13): 21-22. -Townes and Townes,
1951. In Muesebeck et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 319-320.

Biology: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 51.

Genus BANCHUS Fabricius

Banclms Fabricius, 1798. Sup. Ent. System., p. 209, 233.

Type-species: Banclins pictus Fabricius. Desig. by Curtis, 1836.
Corynephanus Wesmael, 1849. [Brussels] Acad. Roy. de Belg., Bui. de CI. des Sci. 16 (1): 631.

Type-species: Banclms monileatus Gravenhorst. Monotypic.
Cidapliiirus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 159.

Type-species: Ichneumon volutatoriiis Linnaeus. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Woldstedt, 1877.
Coryneplianes(l) Marschall, 1873. Nomencl. ZooL, p. 258.
Nawaia Ashmead, 1906. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 30: 184.

Type-species: Nawaia japonica Ashmead. Monotypic.

This is a moderate sized genus of Nootropic (Sonora, Mexico), Holarctic, and Oriental distribu-
tion. About half of the Nearctic species are undescribed. Dr. Michael Fitton is preparing a revi-
sion of the western Palearctic species.

Banchus borealis Cresson
Ont.

Banclms borealis Cresson, 1868. Canad. Ent. 1: 33. "♂"=♀.

Banchus canadensis Cresson
Maine w. to e. Wash., s. to n. Ga.

Banclms canadensis Cresson, 1868. Canad. Ent. 1: 34. ♂, ♀.

Banchus cressonii (Viereck)
Mass. s. to e. N. C, w. to 111.

Cidaplmrus cressonii Viereck, 1902. Canad. Ent. 34: 69. ♀.




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Banchus flavescens Cresson
N. S. w. to s.w. B. C, s. to w. N. C, N. Mex., Ariz., and w. Oreg. Host:

Baratlira ciirialis (Sm.)., noctuid.
Ichneumon femigator Kirby, 1837. In Richardson, Fauna Bor.-Amer. v. 4, p. 258. ♀.

Preocc. by Swederus, 1787 and Fabricius, 1793.
Banchus flavescens Cresson, 1868. Canad. Ent. 1: 33. ♂.
Banchus femiginens Provancher, 1877. Nat. Canad. 9: 14. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 107.

Banchus inermis Provancher
Que. w. to s.w. B. C, s. to Conn., s.w. S. Dak., and w. Nev.
Banchus flavovariegatus Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 61. ♂, ♀.
Banchus inenuis Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 62. ♀.
Banchus polychronius Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 366. "♀"=♂.
Banchus tricolor Cameron, 1905. Invertebrata Pacifica 1: 130. ♂. Preocc. in Banchus by

Schrank, 1802.
Banchus reparandus Schulz, 1906. Spolia Hym., p. 95. N. name for tricolor Cameron.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 104 (syn.).

Banchus monileatus
***authority mismatch
alticola (Ashmead). Colo., N. Mex.

Cidaphurus alticola Ashmead, 1901. Psyche 9: 148. ♂.

Banchus alticolus Townes, 1944. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 474. Unjustified emend.

Banchus monileatus
***authority mismatch
monileatus Gravenhorst. Que., s.w. Alta., Alaska; Greenland; Eurasia.

Banchus monileatus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 393. ♂, ♀.

Banchus fortnidabilis Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 61. ♀.

Banchus {Coryne phones) groenlandicus Aurivillius, 1890. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad., Bihang
tilHandl. 15:30. ♂, ♀.

Banchus nigrolineatus (Cameron)
Southern Idaho, w. Nev., s.e. and w. Calif.

Cidaphurus nigrolineatus Cameron, 1905. Invertebrata Pacifica 1: 129. ♂.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 105.

Banchus pallescens Provancher
Que. w. to s.w. B. C, s. to n. Ga. and w. Oreg.
Banchus pallescens Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 62. ♀.

Banchus insignis Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 63. 6 ? Provancher (1879) stated that
what he had described as insignis in 1874 was actually a female; Barron (1975) failed to
discuss Provancher's (1879) correction and regarded a male specimen as being the
holotype of insignis.
Corynephanes tarsalis Ashmead, 1902. In Slosson, Ent. News 13: 321. Nomen nudum.

Taxonomy: Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11: 218. —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 490, 525.

Banchus spinosus Cresson
Colo.

Banchus spinosus Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 274. "♂"=♀.

Banchus superbus Cresson
Colo., N. Mex., s.w. Utah, n.w. Ariz., s.e. Oreg.

Banchus superbus Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 273. ♂.

Subfamily NEORHACODINAE

This small subfamily includes two genera, only one of which occurs in the Nearctic region.

Genus NEORHACODES Hedicke

Rhacodes Ruschka, 1922. Arch. f. Naturgesch. (ser. A) 88 (5): 138. Preocc. by Koch, 1856.

Type-species: Rhacodes enslini Ruschka. Monotypic.
Neorhacodes Hedicke, 1922. Deut. Ent. Ztschr. (for 1922), p. 427. New name for Rhacodes
Ruschka.

This is a small Holarctic and Neotropic genus. There appear to be several undescribed Nearc-
tic species. The type-species, which is European, has been reared from the pemphredonine
sphecid Spilome7ia troglodytes (V. d. L.). An undescribed species from W. Va. was reared from a
pemphredonine in the galleries of an anobiid in a house timber.

Taxonomy: Horstmann, 1968. Ent. Nachr. 12: 33-36 (final-instar larva and adult of
type-species). —Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 240.




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Neorhacodes brevicauda Cushman
Ariz.; s. Mexico.

Neorhacodes brevicauda Cushman, 1940. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 88: 526. ♂, ♀.

Neorhacodes longicauda Cushman
Colo., Ariz.

Neorhacodes longicauda Cushman. 1940. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 88: 526. ♀.

Subfamily CTENOPELMATINAE

This is a large subfamily; its distribution is worldwide, but it is best represented in the
Holarctic Region. The vast majority of the species are thought to be internal parasites of sawfly
larvae; however, two species of Lathrolestes (one Neartic and one European) have been reared
from primitive microlepidoptera of the family Eriocraniidae. The unreliable nature of Townes'
(1970) keys to the genera appears to indicate that this subfamily is very difficult taxonomically.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 53-143 (genera of world).

Tribe CTENOPELMATINI

Five genera are included in this small Holarctic tribe; four of them have nearctic species. The
known hosts are Pamphiliidae.

Genus CTENOPELMA Holmgren

Ctenopelma Holmgren 1857 (1855). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. 1: 117.

Type-species: Ctenopehtia nigru))i Holmgren. Desig. by Viereck, 1912.
Xaniopehna Tschek, 1868. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien., Verb. 18: 443.

Type-species: Xaniopeluia sericans Tschek. Monotypic. The type-species is
regarded as a synonym of C. yiigru))i Holmgren.
Zachresta Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 151.

Type-species: Zachresta insignis Woldstedt. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Woldstedt, 1877. The type-species is regarded as a synonym of C.
lucifer (Gravenhorst).
Diedrus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 200.

Type-species: Diedrus areolatus Davis. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from two species
included by Davis, 1898.
Eryma Foerster, 1868 Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 202. Preocc. by Meyer, 1840 and
Albers, 1854.

Type-species: Eryma stygitim Kriechbaumer. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Kriechbaumer, 1891. The type-species is regarded as a synonym of C.
nigrum Holmgren.
Holmgrenia Kriechbaumer, 1877. Zool.-Mineral. Ver. Regensburg, Corresp.-Bl. 31: 146.
Preocc. by Foerster, 1868.

Type-species: Holmgrenia pulchra Kriechbaumer. Monotypic. The type-species is
regarded as a synonym of C xanthostigma Holmgren.
Kriechbaumeria Dalla Torre, 1885. Naturf. Gesell. Graubuendens, Jahresber. 28: 52. N.

name for Holmgrenia Kriechbaumer.
Polyomorus Kriechbaumer, 1894. Ent. Nachr. 20: 60.

Type-species: Polyomorus gagatinus Kriechbaumer. Monotypic. The type-species is
regarded as a synonym of C. luteum Holmgren.
Neoerynia Ashmead, 1898. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 4: 169. N. name for Eryma Foerster.
Pseudobanchus Szepligeti, 1911. In Wytsman, Gen. Ins., fasc. 114, p. 79.

Type-species: Exetastes nigripennis Gravenhorst. Monotypic.
Polyhomorus Schulz, 1906. Spolia Hym., p. 99. Emend, of Polyomorus Kriechbaumer.

This is a Holarctic genus of moderate size.

Ctenopelma areolatum (Davis)
N. H.

Diedrus areolatus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 324. ♀.

Ctenopelma crassicorne Walley
Northern Ont.

Ctenopelma crassicorne Walley. 1941. Canad. Ent. 73: 168. ♂, ♀.

Ctenopelma croceum Walley
Que. s. to Md., w. to Alta.

Ctenopelma croceum Walley, 1941. Canad. Ent. 73: 167. cJ, 9.

Ctenopelma labradorense (Davis)
Newfoundland (Labrador).

Diedrus labradorensis Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 324. ♀.




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Ctenopelma nigricorne (Provancher)
Maine, N. Y., Pa., Md., Ont., Alta.

Mesoleptus nigricornis Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 99. ♀.

Ctenopelma sanguineum (Provancher)
Que., N. Y., N. J., Alta.

Tryphon sanguineus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 118. i. k lectotype was selected by
Townes (1939); Barron's (1975) rejection of it is invalid because Provancher stated that
he had three males, and lack of agreement with the original description is not by itself
sufficient proof that the lectotype selected by Townes (1939) was not one of
Provancher's original syntypes.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1939. Canad. Ent. 71: 93. —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 560.

Genus XENOSCHESIS Foerster

There are two small Holarctic subgenera

Taxonomy: Walley, 1935. Canad. Ent. 62: 180 (key to spp.).

Genus XENOSCHESIS Subgenus XENOSCHESIS Foerster

Xenoschesis Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 158.

Type-species: Exetastes fulvipes Gravenhorst. By subsequent monotypy from
incluson by Jemiller, 1894.
Hoviobia Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 198.

Type-species: Colpotrochia cinctiventris Ashmead. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Davis, 1897.
Glyptocentrus Kriechbaumer, 1894. Ent. Nachr. 20: 61.

Type-species: Exetastes fulvipes Gravenhorst. Monotypic.

Xenoschesis cinctiventris (Ashmead)
Newfoundland (insular), Maine, N. H., Mass., Pa., w. Calif. Host:
Acantholyda sp.?, pamphilid on Pinus rigida.
Colpotrochia^ cinctiventris Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 200. "♀"=♂.
Pyracmon clypeatum Ashmead, 1897. In Slosson, Ent. News 8: 237. Nomen nudum.
Exetastes abbreviatus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 366, cJ, 9.
Erigloea longitarsis Ashmead, 1906. In Slosson, Ent. News 17: 324. Nomen nudum.
Xenoschesis slossonae Cushman, 1915. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 17: 140. ♀.

Genus XENOSCHESIS Subgenus POLYCINETIS Foerster

Polycinetis Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 198.

Type-species: Notopygus resplendens Holmgren. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Woldstedt, 1877.
Prosmorus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 198.

Type-species: Notopygus respleyidens Holmgren. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Thomson, 1895.
Erigloea Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 202.

Type-species: Erigloea polita Kriechbaumer. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from three
species included by Kriechbaumer, 1891. The type-species is regarded as a
synonym of X. (P.) resplendens (Holmgren).
Polycinetus Thomson, 1894. Opusc. Ent. 19: 1983. Emend.; preocc. by Gistel, 1848.

Xenoschesis crassitarsus Walley
Southwestern Ont.

Xenoschesis crassitarsus Walley, 1935. Canad. Ent. 67: 181. ♀.

Xenoschesis gracilis Cushman
N. H., s.w. Alta.

Xenoschesis gracilis Cushman, 1915. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 17: 141. ♀.

Xenoschesis limatus (Cresson)
Que., Conn., N. Y., N. J., Md.

Tryphon^ limatus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 274. "♂"=♀.

Xenoschesis solitarius (Davis)
Southern Mich.

Polycinetus solitarius Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 307. ♀.

Genus NOTOPYGUS Holmgren

Notopygus Holmgren, 1857 (1855). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n.f.) 1: 115.
Type-species: Notopygus emarginatus Holmgren. Desig. by Viereck, 1912.




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Antipygus Tschek, 1868. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verb. 18: 438.
Type-species: Antipygus megerlei Tschek. Monotypic.

This is a small Holarctic genus.

Taxonomy: Cushman, 1915. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 48: 511.

Notopygus cultus (Cresson)
N. Y., N. J., 111., s.e. S. Dak.

Mesoleptus cultus Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 99. "♂"=♀.

Pros7nosus{l) cynibafonmis Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 309. ♀.

Prosmorus cymbifonnis Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 371. Emend.

Notopygus excavatus Davis
Nev, w. Wash.

Notopygus excavatus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 309. ♀.

Notopygus scutellatus Cushman
Northern Idaho.

Notopygus scutellatus Cushman, 1915. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 17: 134. ♀.

Notopygus virginiensis Cushman
N. H., N. Y., Md., Va., e. N. C.

Notopygus virginiejisis Cushman, 1915. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 48: 511. ♀.

Genus HOMASPIS Foerster

Homaspis Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 198.

Type-species: Mesoleptus rufiiius Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from four
species included by Thomson, 1894.
Nelwmaspis Heinrich, 1949. Muenchen. Ent. Gesell., Mitt. 35-39: 15, 81. Name invalid;
type-species not desig. e.xcept subsequently by Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965.
aibipes Davis. N. Y., w. Cahf.?

Homaspis aibipes Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 308. ♀.

Homaspis interruptus (Provancher)
Que.

Paniscus interruptus Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 107. ♀.

Homaspis nigripes Cushman
N. Y., Colo., Wash.

Homaspis nigripes Cushman, 1915. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 17: 134. ♀.

Homaspis rhadinus Davis
N. H.

Homaspis rhadinus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 308. ♀.

Homaspis slossonae Cushman
Que., N. H., N. Y., Ont., Wash.

Homaspis slossonae Ashmead, 1897. In Slosson, Ent. News 8: 237. Nomen nudum.
Homaspis slossonae Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (8): 15. ♂.

Tribe PIONINI

Sixteen genera are currently recognized. Only six of them have Nearctic species. It is thought
that all members of this tribe oviposit into the egg or early larval instar of their sawfly hosts.
The host larva is not killed until after it has reached the prepupal stage and spun its cocoon.

Genus LETHADES Davis

Lethades Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 204.

Type-species: Adelognathus texanus Ashmead. Monotypic.

Townes (1970) said that this Holarctic genus includes ten Nearctic species, eight of which are
undescribed.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 70.

Lethades kukakensis (Ashmead)
Southwestern Alaska.

Trematopygus kukakensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 212. ♀.

Lethades texanus (Ashmead)
Tex.

Adelognathus texanus Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 442. ♀.

Genus HODOSTATES Foerster

Gnesia Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 202. Preocc. by Doubleday,
1848.

Type-species: Gnesia caliroae Rohwer. Monotypically included and desig. by
Rohwer, 1915.
Hodostates Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 202.




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Type-species: Hodostatus brevis Thomson. By subsequent monotypy from inclusion
by Thomson, 1883.
Hodostatm Thomson, 1883. Opusc. Ent. 9: 929. Emend.

Esigna Perkins, 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 11: 425. N. name for Giiesia
Foerster.

One Nearctic and one European species are known.

Hodostates rotundatus (Davis)
N. H., N. J., n. Va. Host: Caliroa lorata MacG.?

Trevtatopygus rotundatus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 277. ♂, ♀.

Gnesia caliroae Rohwer, 1915. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 49: 220. 9. Rohwer erroneously
stated that notes under Hopkins' number 11381 pertaining to the holotype record the
species as being reared from a species of Caliroa which feeds on Nyssa sylvatica.
Actually the notes record the holotype as having emerged on Aug. 10, 1913 from a larva
of Caliroa {="Eriocanipoides") collected on July 7. 1913 feeding on Castanea detitata.
D. R. Smith has informed me (personal commun., 1976) that Caliroa lorata is the only
species of its genus which he knows to feed on Castanea.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 70-71 (syn.).

Genus TREMATOPYGUS Holmgren

TrematopyguH Holmgren, 1857 (1855). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 1: 179.

Type-species: Treniatopygus ruficornis Holmgren. Desig. by Viereck, 1912.
Aniorphognathon Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 203.

Type-species: Tryphon nielanocerus Gravenhorst. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Kriechbaumer, 1897.
RhigeluH Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 208.

Type-species: Treniatopygus kriechbaumeri Thomson. Monotypically included and
desig. by Perkins, 1962. The type-species is regarded as a synonym of
Trernatopygus ynelatiocerus (Gravenhorst).
Aselasvia Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 209.

Type-species: Tryphon vellicans Gravenhorst. Monotypically included and desig. by
Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965.
Campoporus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 210.

Type-species: Ichneumon dictator Thunberg. Monotypically included and desig. by
Perkins, 1962. The name of the type-species is preocc. by Geoffrey, 1785; /.
dictator Thunberg is regarded as a synonym of T. yiigriconiis (Holmgren).
Volucris Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 269.

Type-species: Tryphon seminifus Cresson. By subsequent monotypy from inclusion
by Davis, 1898.

This is a Holarctic genus of moderate size.

Trematopygus semirufus (Cresson)
Que. w. to s.w. B. C., s. to N. J., 111., Colo., and w. Oreg.
Tryphon semirufus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 278. ♀.
Tryphon rufocinctus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 280. ♀.
Tryphon tuberculifer Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 103. "9"

= 6.

Taxonomy: Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 287, 332.

Genus GLYPTORHAESTUS Thomson

Rhaestus subg. Glyptorhaestus Thomson, 1894. Opusc. Ent. 19: 1976.

Type-species: Rhaestus punctatus Thomson. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Loxoneunis Schmiedeknecht, 1913. Opusc. Ichn., v. 5, fasc. 34, p. 2711.

Type-species: Loxoneurus thuringiacus Schmiedeknecht. By subsequent monotypy
from inclusion by Schmiedeknecht, 1913 (fasc. 35, p. 2752).
Oocenteter Cushman, 1935. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 25: 556.

Type-species: Oocenteter tomostethi Cushman. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is a Holarctic genus of moderate size.




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Glyptorhaestus tomostethi (Cushman)
Mass., Md., s.w. Iowa. Host: Tornostetlius multicinctus (Roh.).
Oocenteter tomostethi Cushman, 1935. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 25: 556. ♂, ♀.

Biology: McConnell, 1938. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 40: 23.

Genus RHORUS Foerster

Rhonis Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 195.

Type-species: Tryphon mesoxanthiis Gravenhorst. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Woldstedt, 1877.
Monoblastiis subg. Dolichoblastus Strobl, 1903 (1902) Naturw. Ver. f. Steiermark, Mitt. 39:
52.

Type-species: Monoblastus (Dolichoblastus) flavopictus Strobl. Monotypic.
Cyphanza Cameron, 1909. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, Jour. 19: 723.

Type-species: Cyphanza nigra Cameron. Monotypic. The name of the type-species
is preocc. in Rhonis by Provancher, 1883 and Ashmead, 1902. Townes' (1970)
proposal of the replacement name cameroni was apparently unnecessary because
he did not indicate that the synonymy of Monoblastus orientalis Cameron (1909,
p. 727) and Cyphanza nigra Cameron (1909, p. 723) by Townes, Townes, and
Gupta (1961) had been incorrect. Therefore, R. cameroni Townes should be
presumed to be a synonym of R. orientalis (Cameron).

This is a large genus of Holarctic distribution. The tryphonine name Monoblastus was incor-
rectly applied to some species of Rhorus, particularly before World War II.

Taxonomy: Cameron, 1909. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, Jour. 19: 723, 727. —Townes, Townes,

and Gupta, 1961. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 1: 217. —Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst.,

Mem. 13: 73.

Rhorus clapini (Provancher)
Que., Maine, Wash. Host: Trichiosoma triangulum Kirby.

Tryphon Clapini Provancher, 1876. Nat. Canad. 8: 327. "♀"=♂.

Tryphon clapinii Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 293. Emend.

Rhorus dufresnei (Provancher)
Que., Md., N. C.

Tryphon Dufresnei Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 309. ♂, ♀.
extirpatorius obscurellus (Cresson). Calif. R. extirpatorius extirpatorius (Gravenhorst) is
European.

Erromeiius obscurellus Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 373. ♀.

extirpatorius punctifrons (Davis). Tex.

Monoblastus punctifrons Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 261. ♀.
extirpatorius varifrons (Cresson). Que. s. to Va., w. to Alta.

Tryphon varifrons Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 104. ♂.

Tryphon scutellaris Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 104. ♀.

Tryphon frontalis Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 109. ♀.

Tryphon variifrons Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 303. Emend.
haemorrhoicus borealis (Ashmead). Southeastern Alaska. R. haemorrhoicus haemorrhoicus
(Hartig) is Eurasian.

Monoblastus niger Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 213. 6. Preocc in Rhorus by
Provancher, 1883.

PhthorinaO) borealis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 225. ♂.
haemorrhoicus fusculosus (Davis). Que. s. to n. Va., w. to Mich. Host: Caliroa cerasi (L.).

Mesoleius niger Provancher, 1883. Nat. Canad. 14: 9. "♀"=♂.Formerly preocc in
Mesoleius by Gravenhorst, 1829.

Treniatopygus fusculosus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 277. ♂.

Mesoleius nigratus Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 263. N. name for M. niger
Provancher.

Monoblastus caliroae Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 42: 151. ♂, ♀.

Treniatopygus eriocainpoididis Cushman, 1915. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 17: 135. ♂, ♀.

Rhorus hervieuxii (Provancher)
Que.

Tryphon hervieuxii Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11: 254. ♀.




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Rhorus pilosus (Davis)
Mont., w. Wasii.

Eryma pilosa Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 274. ♂.

Rhorus tristis (Provancher)
Que., Maine, Conn., Ont. Host: Arge clavicomis (F.), Nematus ventralis
Say, sawfly on poplar.

Erronemusd) tristis Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 110. ♀.

Genus SYMPHERTA Foerster

Sympherta Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 196.

Type-species: Tryphon biimis Cresson. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from two species
included by Davis, 1897.
Stiphroso7Hus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 198. preocc. by Fieber,
1858.

Type-species: Mesoleptus fiisciconiis Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from six
species included by Thomson, 1895. The type-species is Gravenhorst's
identification of Ichneumon fuscicomis Gmelin, 1790, p. 2701 (not p. 2684).
Trapezocora Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 208.

Type-species: Mesoleptus antilope Gravenhorst. Included and desig. by Perkins,
1962.
Atrestes Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 209.

Type-species: Catoglyptus (.Stiphrosomus) sulcatus Thomson. Monotypically
included and desig. by Perkins, 1962.
Canipogenes Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande Verh. 25: 209.

Type-species: Mesoleptus antilope Gravenhorst. Monotypically included and desig.
by Perkins, 1962.
Provancherella Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 305.

Type-species: Baryceros rJiopalocerus Provancher. Monotypic.
Eustiphrosonnis Hincks, 1944. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc. (ser. B) 13: 34. N. name for
Stiphrosomus Foerster.

According to Townes (1970) this is a moderately large genus of Holarctic distribution.

Taxonomy: Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 245 (syn.).
—Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 81-82 (spp. referred to genus).

Sympherta aciculata (Davis)
Mont.

Monoblastus aciculatus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 262. ♂.
hurra (Cresson). Que. s. to s.e. Ga., w. to e. Iowa.

Tryphon bnrrus Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 108. ♀.
Baryceros rhopalocerus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 269. Barron (1975) appears to
have had valid grounds for rejecting the lectotype selected by Gahan and Rohwer
(1918).
Mesoleptus largus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 98. ♀.

Taxonomy: Gahan and Rohwer, 1918. Canad. Ent. 50: 33. —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102:

493, 545.
clinata (Walley). Southwestern Alta.

Stiphrosomus cUnatus Walley, 1937. Canad. Ent. 69: 190. ♀.

Sympherta fucata
***authority mismatch
fucata (Cresson). Que. w. to s.w. Alta., s. to N. C, Colo., and n. Ariz.

Mesoleptus fucatus Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 99.

Mesoleptus erectus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 317. ♀.

Mesoleptus laetus Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11: 231. "♀"=♂. Preocc. by
Gravenhorst, 1829.

Syndip7ius erythrogaster Viereck, 1908. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 33: 385. ♂.

Sympherta fucata
***authority mismatch
nigropleuralis (Davis). Nev.

Mesoleptus nigropleuralis Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 317. ♂.




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Tribe PERILISSINI

Eighteen genera are currently recognized; eleven of them are represented by native Nearctic
species and a twelfth genus is represented by an introduced species. The tribe is apparently not
known from the Australian Region.

Genus SYNOECETES Foerster

Synagrypnus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 203.

Type-species: Synagryp7ius bla^icoburgensis Schmiedeknecht. By subsequent
monotypy from inclusion by Schmiedeknecht, 1914.
Synoecetes Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 203.

Type-species: Mesoleptus sedulus Cresson. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from three
species included by Davis, 1897.
Polyrhysia Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 204.

Type-species: Tryphon tenuicomis Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from two
species included by Thomson, 1894.
Polyrhysius Thomson, 1894. Opusc. Ent. 19: 1999. Emend.

This is a small Holarctic genus.

Synoecetes festivus (Cresson)
N. H. w. to s. Alta., s. to Md., Ill, and Colo.

Tryphon festivus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 279. "♂"=♀.
Mesoleptus sedulus Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 97. "♂"=♀.

Genus COELORHACHIS Townes

Coelorhachis Townes, 1966. In Townes and Townes, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: 329.
Type-species: Mesoleptus decorosus Cresson. Monotypic and orig. desig.

According to Townes this is a moderately large genus which is Neotropic; at least one un-
described species occurs in Texas.

Genus ZAPLETHOCORNIA Schmiedeknecht

Zaplethoconiia Schmeideknecht, 1912. Opusc. Ichn., v. 5, p. 2519.

Type-species: Ichneumon procurator Gravenhorst. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Schmiedeknecht, 1913.
Nictula Burks, 1952. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 45: 88.

Type-species: Westivoodia fxiviipennis Provancher. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Parastadus Burks, 1952. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 45: 92.

Type-species: Erigloea opulenta Davis. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is a small Holarctic genus.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 88 (syn.).

Zaplethocornia fumipennis (Provancher)
Que., N. H., N. Y.

Westivoodia fumipennis Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 329. ♀.

Zaplethocornia longipes (Davis)
Tex.

Syndipnus longipes Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 288. ♀.

Zaplethocornia opulenta (Davis)
N. H., Mass., N. Y., N. J., Md.

Erigloea opulenta Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 275. ♀.

Genus NANIUM Townes

Nanuun Townes, 1967. In Walkley, in Krombein et ai, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog, 2,
sup. 2, p. 174.

Type-species: Tryphon capitatus Cresson. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is a small Neotropic and Nearctic genus.

Nanium capitatum (Cresson)
N. H. s. to n. Fla., w. to Tex.

Tryphon capitatus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 281. ♂.




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Genus TREMATOPYGODES Aubert

Trematopygodes Aubert, 1968. Soc. Ent. de Mulhouse, Bui. 24: 69.
Type-species: Trematopygus aprilhius Giraud. Monoypic.

This is a small Holarctic genus.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 92-93 (redescription and
additional spp. referred).

Trematopygodes frontosus (Davis)
n. comb. Wash. Dr. Henry K. Townes kindly informed me (personal

commun., 1976) that his most recent notes on the lectotype indicate that this species
belongs in Trematopygodes.
Labrossyta frontosa Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. See, Trans. 24: 275. 9 (

Trematopygodes oculatus (Davis)
Md., Tex.

Oetophorus oculatus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 252. ♀.

Trematopygodes osflavus (Davis)
N. Y., Pa., Mich.

Oetophorus osflavus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 252. ♀.

Genus AECHMETA Townes

Aechmeta Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 93.
Type-species: Ctenopelma indotata Davis. Orig. desig.

This is a Nearctic genus; only two species are known.

Aechmeta indotata (Davis)
N. Y., Va., Ind., Ill, Iowa, Mo., n.e. Kans., Tex.

Ctenopelma indotata Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 250. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Burks, 1952. Ent. Soc Amer., Ann. 45: 82, 84, 90.

Aechmeta primosa (Davis)
N. H., Tex.

Ctenopelma primosa Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 250.
Taxonomy: Burks, 1952. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 45: 82-83.

Genus OETOPHORUS Foerster

Oetophorus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 196.

Type-species: Mesoleius stretchii Cresson. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from four
species included by Davis, 1897.
Symphobus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 199.

Type-species: Tryphon pleuralis Cresson. By subsequent monotypy from inclusion
by Davis, 1898.

This is a small holarctic genus.

Taxonomy: Burks, 1952. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 45: 97-98.

Oetophorus nasoni (Davis)
Mich., 111.

Oetophorus nasoni Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 251. ♀.
Oetophorus nasonii Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 329. Emend.

Taxonomy: Burks, 1952. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 45: 97-98. —Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent.

Inst., Mem. 13: 94.

Oetophorus pleuralis (Cresson)
Que.?, Mass., N. Y., N. J., Pa., Md., Va.?, B. C?

Tryphon pleuralis Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 275. ♀.

Oetophorus stretchii (Cresson)
Colo., s.w. B. C, n. Calif.

Mesoleius Stretchii Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 371. ♀.

Genus PERILISSUS Holmgren

Perilissus Holmgren, 1856 (1855). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. 75: 63.

Type-species: Ichneumon filicomis Gravenhorst. Monotypic
Spanotecnus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 197.

Type-species: Ichneumon filicomis Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from four
species included by Thomson, 1883.




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Ichnaeops Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 197.

Type-species: Perilissus lidescens Holmgren. Monotypically included and desig. by
Perkins, 1962.
Polyoncus Foerster, 1868. Naturb. Ver. Rbeinlande, Verb. 25: 197.

Type-species: Tryplwn erythroceplialus Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from
tbree species included by Thomson, 1883.
Udenia Foerster, 1868. Naturb. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 202.

Type-species: Perilissus (Udenia) herrichii Kriecbbaumer. By subsequent
monotypy from inclusion by Kriecbbaumer, 1892.
Exacrodns Foerster, 1868. Naturb. Ver. Rbeinlande, Verb. 25: 210.

Type-species: Exacrodus populans Morley. By subsequent monotypy from inclusion
by Morley, 1913. The type-species is regarded as a synonym of P. cingulator
(Morley).
Daugna Seyrig, 1935. Paris, Mus. d'Hist. Nat., Mem. (n. s.) 4: 29.

Type-species: Daugna alluandi Seyrig. Monotypic and orig. desig. The type-species
is regarded as a synonym of P. testaceoides (Morley).
Pseudoclwnts Rao, 1953. Indian Forest Rec, New Ser., Ent. 8: 95.

Type-species: Pseudochorus kuriani Rao. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This large genus is known from the Holarctic, Oriental, and Ethiopian Regions, but is
represented by only a few species in the latter two regions.

Revision: Burks, 1952. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 45: 94-103.

Perilissus araius Burks
N. H., Conn., N. Y., N. J., e. S. C, Ont., Mich., Tenn., Colo.
Perilissus araius Burks, 1952. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 45: 101. ♂, ♀.

Perilissus bicolor (Cresson)
Que. s. to S. C, w. to Mich, and Ala.

Mesoleptus bicolor Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 269. S. Erroneously suppressed
as a synonym of Prionopoda ruficoniis Ashmead in the revision of Burks (1952); P.

Perilissus bicolor (Cresson)
is not preocc. in Perilissus by P. bicolor Brischke, 1878.
Prionopoda ruficornis Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 198. ♂.

Perilissus coloradensis (Ashmead)
Ont., N. Dak., Sask., Colo., Utah, Ariz., Calif.

Prionopoda colorade7isis Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 198. ♀.

Perilissus concolor (Cresson)
N. B. s. to Va., w. to Mich., Iowa, and Colo. Host: Dolerus sp. Townes

(1970) placed concolor as a subspecies of P.filicornis (Gravenhorst); I have compared
specim.ens of concolor and P.filicomis decoloratus (which see) and believe that concolor
is specifically distinct.
Mesoleptus concolor Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 270. ♀.

Cte7iisciis concolor Provancber, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 139. Preocc. in Perilissus by Cresson,
1864.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 95.

Perilissus discolor (Cresson)
Que. w. to Sask. and Idaho, s. to D. C, Kans., and Colo. Host: Empria
coryli (Dyar).

Mesoleptus unicolor Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc 3: 271. [female].

Mesoleptus discolor Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc Phila., Proc 3: 271. S. In his revision, Burks
(1952) incorrectly suppressed discolor as a synonym of unicolor, apparently having
regarded page priority as grounds for disregarding Townes' (1945) first revisor decision.
Townes (1970) placed discolor as a subspecies of P.filicomis (Gravenhorst), but Townes
(1976, personal commun.) has confirmed my supposition that this was an error; it had
been his intention to place Mesoleptus decoloratus Cresson (which see) as a subspecies
of P. filicornis.

Pyracmon nifuni Provancber, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13: 365. 2.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 498. —Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent.
Inst., Mem. 13: 95.
filicornis decoloratus (Cresson), n. status. N. S. w. to interior Alaska, s. to Pa., Ill, Colo., and
B. C. P. filicornis filicornis (Gravenhorst) is European.
Mesoleptus decoloratus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc Phila., Proc. 3: 265. ♂.
Perilissus southwickii Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 196. ♂.




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Genus ABSYRTUS Holmgren

Absyrtu.H Holmgren, 1859 (1858). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad., Ofvers af ... Forii. 15: 323.

Type-species: AbayrtuH lutetis Holmgren. Monotypic. The type-species is regarded
as a synonym of A. vicinator (Thunberg).
Eczetesis Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 196.

Type-species: Perilissits paniscoides Ashmead. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Davis, 1897.

This is a small Holarctic genus.

Revision: Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 64 (20): 18-20.

Absyrtus arealis Cushman
N. H., N. Y., Pa., Md.

Absyrtus arealis Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 64 (20): 19. ♂, ♀.

Absyrtus paniscoides (Ashmead)
Vt. w. to Minn., s. to n. Ala. and Tex.

Perilissus paiiiscoides Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 197. ♀ (♂ misdet.).

Absyrtus perilissoides Cushman
Conn., Ohio, Okla.

Absyrtus perilissoides Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 64 (20): 19. ♂, ♀.

Genus LOPHYROPLECTUS Thomson

Lophyroplectus Thomson, 1883. Opusc. Ent. 9: 915.

Type-species: Paniscus oblogopunctatus Hartig. Monotypic.

Two species are known, one European and one Japanese.

Lophyroplectus oblongopunctatus (Hartig)
Ont.; Europe. Introduced in N. S., N. B., Que., Maine and Ont. in
1935 through 1941 without becoming established; introduced again in Maine in 1958 and
in Ont. in 1962 and 1964 and apparently established in Ont. Host: Neodiprion sertifer
(Geoffroy). The host listed was the target species for the most recent introductions in
Ont.

Ichneumon luteator Thunberg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem. 8:
259; 9: 308. ♀. Preocc. by Fabricius, 1798.

Paniscus oblongopunctatus Hartig, 1838. Jahresber. Fortschr. Forstwiss. Forstl. Naturk.
1:272. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Roman, 1916. Zool. Bidr. Uppsala 1: 266, 291. — Oehlke, 1966 (1965). Beitr. z. Ent.
15: 855-856.

Biology: Pschorn-Walcher, 1967. Commonwealth Inst. Biol. Control, Tech. Bui. 8: 9-15, 44.
—Griffiths, Rose, and Bird, 1971. Commonwealth Inst. Biol. Control (Trididad), Tech.
Commun. 4: 107, 157, 158, 160-161. —Rose, 1977 (1976). Canad. Ent. 108: 1395-1398.

Genus OPHELTES Holmgren

Opheltes Holmgren, 1859 (1858). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad., Ofvers. af ... Forh. 15: 323.

Type-species: Ichneumon glaucopterus Linnaeus. Monotypic.
Nephopheltes Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 64 (20): 16.

Type-species: Nephopheltes japonicus Cushman. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is a Holarctic genus including only two species.

glaucopterus barberi Cushman. Newfoundland (insular) w. to Alaska, s. to S. C, n. Ga., s.e.

Kans., Colo., and s.w. Oreg. Host: Cimbex americana Leach. 0. glaucopterus

glaucopterus (Linnaeus) is Eurasian, and 0. glaucopterus apicalis (Matsumura) occurs

in northeastern Asia.
Campoplex flavipennis Provancher, 1874 (May). Nat. Canad. 6 (5): 143. ♀. Preocc. by

Cresson, 1874 (January).
Opheltes glaucopterus var. barberi Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 64 (20): 16. ♀.
Opheltes glaucopterus galbipetmis Walkley, 1958. In Krombein et ai, U. S. Dept. Agr.,

Agr. Monog. 2, Sup. 1, p. 54. N. name for C . flavipennis Provancher. N. syn.

Biology: Orcutt and Aldrich, 1892. S. Dak. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 30: 5. — Fyles, 1894. Ent. Soc.
Ontario, Ann. Rpt. 25: 54, 55. — Comeau, 1944. Ann. de L'Acfas (Montreal) 10: 103.




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Morphology: Whitmarsh, 1910. Ent. Sec. Amer., Ann. 3: 197, 204-206, 208.

Genus LATHROLESTES Foerster

Lathrolestes Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 196.

Type-species: Tryphon clypeatus Zetterstedt. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from seven
species included by Thomson, 1883
Laphyroscopus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 197.

Type-species: Tryphon gorskii Ratzeburg. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from three
species included by Thomson, 1883.
Homalovima Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 198.

Type-species: Homalomma caliroae Rohwer. Included and desig. by Rohwer, 1915.
Ecelinops Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 201.

Type-species: Tryphon orbitalis Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from seven
species included by Thomson, 1883.
Cainporychus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 208.

Type-species: Lathrolestes marginatus Thomson. Monotypically included and desig.
by Townes, 1970.
Luphyroscoptis Thomson, 1883. Opusc. Ent. 9: 915. Emend.
Lathrolestus Thomson, 1883. Opusc. Ent. 9: 916. Emend.
Tryphonopsis Brauns, 1898. Ver. Freunde Naturgesch. Mecklenburg, Arch. 51: 62.

Type-species: Tryphonopsis ensator Brauns. Monotypic.
Ritzeniabosia Smits van Burgst, 1912. Tijdschr. v. Ent. 55: 269.

Type-species: Ritzeniabosia meridionalis Smits van Burgst. Monotypic.
Culmina Benoit, 1955. Mus. Roy. Congo Beige, Tervuren, Ann. (ser. 8, Sci. Zool.) 38: 32.

Type-species: Culmina niwenzorica Benoit. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is a large genus of Neotropic, Holarctic, Oriental, and Ethiopian distribution. The majori-
ty of the species occur in the Holarctic Region. Most species presumably parasitize sawflies, but
a European species identified as L. clypeatus (Zetterstedt) has been reared from two species of
the primitive microlepidopteran family Eriocraniidae and L. mnemonicae (Rohwer) has also
been reared from an eriocraniid.

Lathrolestes caliroae (Rohwer)
Northern Va., n. Ala. Host: Caliroa sp. on Nyssa sylvatica, Caliroa sp. on
Quercus priniis.
Homalomma caliroae Rohwer, 1915. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 49: 218. ♀.
Ho7nalomma eriocompoides Rohwer, 1915. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 29: 219. ♀.

Lathrolestes constrictus (Provancher)
Que.

Phygadeuon constrictus Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13 (no. 155): 336; 13 (no. 156): 357. ♂.
iladus (Davis). Que., N. Y., R. I., Md., n. Ga., Ont. Host: Metallus rohweri MacG.

Spanotecmis iladus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 303. ♂.

Lathrolestes visscheri DeGant, 1933. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 82 (11): 5. ♂.

Lathrolestes metalli Cushman, 1933. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 82 (14): 10. ♂.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 100 (syn.).

Lathrolestes luteolator (Gravenhorst)
N. Y., w. N. C, n. Ga., Wis.; Europe.

Mesoleptus luteolator Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 42. ♂.
Tryphon Gorskii Ratzeburg, 1852. Ichn. d. Forstins., v. 3, p. 126. ♂.
Polyoncus suburbe Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 306. ♀.

Ta.xonomy: Pfankuch, 1906. Ztschr. System. Hym. Dipt. 6: 22 (syn.). —Townes, 1944. Amer.
Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 502 (syn.).

Lathrolestes mentalis (Davis)
N. H., N. C, n. Ga.

Polyoncus mentalis Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 306. ♀.

Monoblastus nigriventris Ashmead, 1902. In Slosson, Ent. News 12: 321. Nomen nudum.

Lathrolestes mnemonicae (Rohwer)
Northern Va. Host: Dyseriocrania griseocapitella (Wlshm.). Notes in
the U. S. Natl. Museum seem to indicate that this host record is correct. The host is a




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leaf-mining microlepidopteran of the primitive family Eriocraniidae; it spins a cocoon in
the soil.
Sympherta mnemonicae Rohwer, 1914. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 16: 141.

Lathrolestes nasoni Davis
111.?, Sask., Colo., Alta., Mont.

Lathrolestes nasoni Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 264. 9 {6 misdet.?).
Latholestes similis Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 265. ♀.
Lathrolestes nasonii Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 321. Emend.

Lathrolestes nigricollis (Thomson)
Europe. Introduced in insular Newfoundland in 1973; because only ten
adults were released, estabhshment would seem to have been precluded. Host: Fenusa
pusilla (Lep.). The host cited was the target species for the release of nigricollis in
Newfoundland.
Perilissus (Luphyroscopus) nigricollis Thomson, 1883. Opusc Ent. 9: 915. ♂.
PerilissHs minutiis Bridgman, 1888 (1887). Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 35: 370. 6. syn.?

Lathrolestes obscurellus (Davis)
Conn., N. Y.

Spanotecnus obscurellus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 304. ♀.

Lathrolestes pictus Cushman
Eastern S. Dak.

Phytodietus truncatus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 371. ♀. Preocc. in

Lathrolestes by Provancher, 1888.
Lathrolestes pictus Cushman, 1933. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 82 (14): 11. ♂.
Lathrolestes cinctiis Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 502. N. name for P.

Lathrolestes truncatus
***authority mismatch
Davis.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 11: 100.

Lathrolestes platynus (Davis)
Southern Mich.

Polyoncus platynus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 306. ♂.

Polyonciis iinicus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 306. ♀.
ruflgaster Cushman. Maine, Va., N. C, Ont., Ohio. Host: Metallus rokweri MacG., sawfly on
blackberry, leaf miner.

Lathrolestes rnfigaster Cushman, 1933. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 82 (14): 13. ♂, ♀.

Lathrolestes scutellatus (Ashmead)
D. C, n. Va.

Prionopoda scutellata Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 12: 441. ♀.

Lathrolestes tomostethi (Cushman)
Mass., N. Y., Ohio. Host: Tomostethus multicinctus (Roh.).

Perilissus tomostethi Cushman, 1935. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 25: 558. cJ, 9.

Lathrolestes truncatus (Provancher)
Western N. C.?. s.w. B. C.

Mesochonis truncatus Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 365. ♀.

Tribe SCOLOBATINI

This small Neotropic, Holarctic, and Oriental tribe includes three genera, two of which are
represented in North America.

Genus PHYSOTARSUS Townes

Physotarsus Townes, 1966. In Townes and Townes, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: 139, 330.
Type-species: Tryphon maculipennis Cresson. Orig. desig.

This is apparently a moderate-sized genus with one or more undescribed species occurring in
Texas.

Genus SCOLOBATES Gravenhorst

Scolobates Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 357.

Type-species: Scolobates crassitarsus Gravenhorst. Desig. by Westwood, 1840.
Aglyphus Giraud, 1872. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. (ser. 5) 1: 411.

Type-species: Aglyphus nigripennis Giraud. Monotypic
Parabraconia Schmiedeknecht, 1914. Opusc. Ichn., v. 5, p. 2803.

Type-species: Parabraconia nigripennis Schmiedeknecht. By subsequent monotypy
from inclusion by Schmiedeknecht, 1925. of S. nigripennis (Giraud); both names
are preocc. by Scolobates nigripennis Sichel, 1860. The type-species is regarded




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as a synonym of S. nigripennis (Giraud); both names are preocc. by Scolobates
nigripennis Sichel, 1860.

This is a small Holarctic and Oriental genus.

Scolobates auriculatus (Fabricius)
N. H., Mass., N. Y., Pa., Md., Ont., Mich., Tex., n. B. C. Ecology: Three
specimens in the U. S. Natl. Museum collection were collected in July from snow at an
altitude of 7000 ft. at London Hill Mine, Bear Lake, B. C. Host: Arge clavicomis (F.), A.
pectoralis (Leach), A. scapularis (Klug).

Ichneummi auriculatus Fabricius, 1804. Systema Piezatorum, p. 69.

Ichneumon auriculator Thunberg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem. 8:
266; 9: 323. Emend.

Ichneumon elevator Thunberg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem. 8:
266; 9: 323. ♂. Preocc. by Panzer, 1799.

Scolobates crassitarsus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 360. ♂, ♀.

Scolobates hylotomae Kriechbaumer, 1877. Ent. Nachr. 3: 135. ♂, ♀.

Prionopoda canadensis Harrington, 1892. Canad. Ent. 24: 98. ♀.

Scolobates auriculatus var. niger Roman, 1917. Ent. Tidskr. 38: 273. 9. Syn.?

Scolobates auriculatus var. nigrifacies Teunissen, 1953. Tijdschr. v. Ent. 96: 16. 9. Syn.?

Taxonomy: Holmgren, 1859 (1858). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad., Ofvers af ... Forh. 15: 330 (syn.).
—Roman, 1912. ZooL Bidr. Uppsala 1: 235, 252 (syn.). -Bauer, 1961. Beitr. z. Ent. 11: 745
(syn.).

Biology: Pschom-Walcher and Kriegl, 1965. Ztschr. f. Angew. Ent. 56: 268-269.

Tribe MESOLEIINI

This is a large Holarctic tribe. Taxonomically, it is possibly the most difficult group of Ichneu-
monidae. This seems to be reflected in the fact that to use Townes' (1970) key to the genera it is
particularly necessary to have a collection including reliably identified representatives of the
various genera.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 104-127 (genera of world).

Genus OTLOPHORUS Foerster

Otlophonis Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 202.

Type-species: Tryphon vepretorum Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from five
species included by Thomson, 1895.
Neales Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 204.

Type-species: Tryphon vepretorum Gravenhorst. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Kriechbaumer, 1897.
Dialges Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 206.

Type-species: Tryphon vepretorum Gravenhorst. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Kriechbaumer, 1897.
Aeolometis Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 207.

Type-species: Scolobates italicus Gravenhorst. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Thomson, 1892.
Tachyporthus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 210.

Type-species: Scolobates italicus Gravenhorst. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Kriechbaumer, 1901.
Holmgrenia Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 213.

Type-species: Holmgrenia lanceolata Davis. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from six
species included by Davis, 1898.
Aelometis Thomson, 1894. Opusc. Ent. 19: 2034. Emend.
Otlophorinus Hincks, 1944. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc. (ser. B) 13: 35.
Type-species: Mesoleius pulverulentns Holmgren. Orig. desig.

This a moderate-sized genus of Holarctic distribution.

Otlophorus fissus (Provancher)
Que., N. Y., R. I.

Mesoleius fissus Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11: 257. ♂.




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Otlophorus lanceolatus (Davis)
N. Y., Ont., Colo., w. Wash.

Holmgrenia lanceolata Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 294. ♂, ♀.

Genus ATITHASUS Foerstcr

Atithasus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 210.

Type-species: Atithasus stellarius Davis. By subsequent monotypy from inclusion
by Davis, 1898.

A single species is known.

Atithasus bimaculatus (Ashmead)
N. H., Pa., Va., Ind., Ill, Iowa, e. Kans., Tex.

Grypocentrus bimaculatus Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 199. ♀.
Atithasus stellarius Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 291. ♂, ♀.

Genus BARYTARBES Foerstcr

Polytrera Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 202.

Type-species: Mesoleius (Barytarbus) laeviuscuius Thomson. Desig. by Viereck,
1914 from two species included by Thomson, 1892.
Isodiaeta Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 204.

Type-species: Tryphon seg^iieiitaritis Gravenhorst. Monotypically included and
desig. by Perkins, 1962. The type-species is Gravenhorst's identification of
Ichneunton segmentarius Fabricius.
Hybristes Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 210. Preocc. by Reichenbach,
1850.

Type-species: Tryphon adpropiiiquator Gravenhorst. Monotypically included and
desig. by Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965.
Barytarbes Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 212.

Type-species: Tryphon colon Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from five species
included by Thomson, 1883.
Barytarbus Thomson, 1883. Opusc Ent. 9: 931. Emend.
Polytreres Thomson, 1892. Opusc. Ent. 17: 1873. Emend.



This is a Holarctic genus of moderate size.



Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 116 (Nearctic spp. assigned).

Barytarbes antennatus (provancher)
Que., N. Y.?

Mesoleius antennatus Provancher, 1877. Nat. Canad. 9: 15. 9. Barron's (1975) rejection of

the lectotype selected by Gahan and Rohwer (1918) appears to be valid inasmuch as

Provancher did not indicate that he had more than one specimen.
Mesoleius antennatus Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11: 260. ♀. Preocc. by Provancher,

1877; Provancher's 1879 description is apparently an inadvertent second description as a

new species of the same specimen he described in 1877.

Taxonomy: Gahan and Rohwer, 1918. Canad. Ent. 50: 31. —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102:

426.

Barytarbes compos (Davis)
"Canada," Mich.

Alexeter compos Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 321. ♂.

Barytarbes honestus (Cresson)
Que., N. H., Conn., N. Y., N. J., Pa., 111.

Mesoleptus honest^is Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 98. ♂, ♀.

Mesoleptus albifrons Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 98. "♀"=♂.

provancher! (Cushman). Que., N. Y., Pa., Mich.

Mesoleptus variabilis Provancher, 1883. Nat. Canad. 14: 7. ♀. Preocc. by Provancher, 1875.
Mesoleptus provancheri Cushman, 1917. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc 19: 165. N. name for M.
variabilis Provancher, 1883.

Genus ALEXETER Foerster

Alexeter Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 199.




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Type-species: Mesoleptus ruficomis Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from
three species included by Woldstedt, 1877. The type-species is regarded as a
synonym o{ A. aectator (Thunberg).
Adranes Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 205. Preocc. by LeConte, 1850.
Type-species: Tryphon multicolor Gravenhorst. Monotypically included and desig.
by Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965.
Zemiophron Foerster 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 206.

Type-species: Mesoleius laevissimus Strobl. Monotypically included and desig. by
Perkins, 1962.

This is a large Holarctic genus.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 116-117 (Nearctic spp. assigned).

Alexeter canaliculatus (Provancher)
Que. w. to s.e. Alaska, s. to D. C. and n. Calif.

Paniscus canaliculatus Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 105. ♂.

Paniscus albotarsatus Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 106. ♂.

Alexeter difficilis (Davis)
Colo., s.w. Alta., w. Wash.

Rhaestes difficilin Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 312. ♂.

Alexeter innoxius (Cresson)
Nev., s. B. C, w. Wash.

Mesoleptus innoxius Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 371. ♂.

Alexeter lucens (Provancher)
Que., N. H., N. C, n. Ga., s. Mich.

Campoplex lucens Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 144. 6. Barron (1975) regarded the
holotype of C. lucens as being lost; therefore, application of the name should be based
upon the synonymy of Townes (1945).

Mesoleptus riparius Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 315. ♂, ♀.

Hadrodactylus affinis Ashmead, 1902 In Slosson, Ent. News 13: 6. Nomen nudum.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 514. —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102:

499-500.

Alexeter luteifrons (Cresson)
Southwestern N. W. T.

Mesoleptus luteifrons Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 99. ♂.

Alexeter notatus Davis
Alta., w. Wash., Oreg.

Alexeter notatus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 321. ♂.

Alexeter scapularis (Cresson)
N. H., R. I., Conn., N. Y., N. J., Md.

Mesoleptus scapularis Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 98. ♂.

Genus PROTARCHUS Foerster

Protarchus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 201.

Type-species: Tryphon rufus Gravenhorst. By subsequent monotypy from inclusion
by Woldstedt, 1877. The type-species is regarded as a synonym of P. testatorius
(Thunberg).
Zacalles Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 201.

Type-species: Zacalles magmis Davis. By subsequent monotypy from inclusion by
Davis, 1898.
Protarchoides Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (8): 25.

Type-species: Protarchoides longipes Cushman. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is a small Holarctic genus.

Revision: Walley, 1938. Canad. Ent. 70: 230-232.

Protarchus longipes (Cushman)
Que., Maine, N. H., n. Mich., s. B. C. Host: Trichiosoma sp.

Psilosarged) longipes Ashmead, 1902. In Slosson, Ent. News 13: 321. Nomen nudum.
Protarchoides longipes Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (8): 26. ♀.
Protarchoides viandibularis Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 64(20): 9. ♀.

Protarchus magnus (Davis)
N. H., N. Y.

Zacalles magnus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 283. ♀.

Protarchus mellipes (Provancher)
Northern Ont., s. Alta., B. C.

Coleocentrus mellipes Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 113. ♂.
Contrary to Barron (1975) the lectotype was selected by Walley (1938).




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Protarchoides pallipes Cushman, 1927. U. S. natl. Mus., Proc. 72 (13): 15. ♀.

Taxonomy: Walley, 1938. Canad. Ent. 70: 231 (syn. and lectotype selection). —Barron, 1975.
Nat. Canad. 102 508.

Protarchus pallidicornis (Walley)
Northern Ont.

Protarchoides pallidiconiis Walley, 1938. Canad. Ent. 70: 231. ♀.

Genus LAMACHUS Foerster

Zaphthora Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 206.

Type-species: Tryphon eques Hartig. Monotypically included and desig. by Townes,
Momoi, and Townes, 1965.
Adexionia Foerster, 1868. Naturb. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 206.

Type-species: Adexionia angularia Davis. By subsequent monotypy from inclusion
by Davis, 1898.
LamachuH Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 206

Type-species: Tryphon lophyrum Hartig. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from six species
included by Thomson, 1892. Included by Thomson as T. lophyronim "Hartig,"
lophyronini being an emendation of Ratzeburg, 1844. The type-species is
regarded as a synonym of L. frutetonim (Hartig).
TorocaniptuH Schmiedeknecht, 1913. Opusc. Ichn. v. 5, p. 2797.

Type-species: Tryphon eques Hartig. By subsequent monotypy from inclusion by
Schmiedeknecht, 1914.
Bathyglyptns schmiedeknecht, 1913. Opusc. Ichn., v. 5, p. 2802. Preocc. by Case, 1911.

Type-species: Bathyglyptns australis Schmiedeknecht. By subsequent monotypy
from inclusion by Schmiedeknecht, 1914.

This is a Holarctic genus of moderate size. The species parasitize Diprionidae.

Lamachus albopictus Cushman
Japan. Introduced in N. B. in 1939, but the small number of individuals

(22) released would seem to have precluded establishment. The target species for the

release in N. B. was Gilpinia hercyniae (Htg.).
Lamachus albopictus Cushman, 1937. Insecta Matsumurana 12: 37. ♂, ♀.

Lamachus angularius (Davis)
Southern Idaho, Wash., w. Oreg. Host: Neodiprion scutellatus Roh., N.

Lamachus tsugae
***authority mismatch
Midd.
Adexiovia angularia Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 284. ♀.
Lamachus Oregon Cushman, 1939. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 29: 401. cJ, 9.

Lamachus coalitorius (Thunberg)
Europe. Introduced in N. S., N. B., Que., N. H., Vt., Mass., and Ont.

between 1936 and 1940, apparently without becoming established. The target species for

releases in North America was Gilpinia hercyniae (Htg.).
Ichneumon coalitorius Thunberg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem. 8:

278; 9: 358. [male].
Mesoleius opthalmicus Holmgren, 1857 (1855). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 1:

162. 6 . In placing the names below in synonymy with ophthalmicus, Oehlke (1966)

apparently overlooked the fact that Roman (1912) had suppressed ophthalmicus as a

synonym of coalitorius.
Mesoleius marginatus Brischke, 1871. Phys.-Oekonom. Gesell. Koenigsberg, Schr. 11: 74. ♂. N. syn.
Mesoleius spectabilis Holmgren, 1876. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 13: 8. 9. N.

syn.

Taxonomy: Roman, 1912. Zool. Bidr. Uppsala 1: 244, 291. -Oehlke, 1966 (1965). Beitr. z. Ent.
15: 861-862.

Biology: Morris, Cameron, and Jepson, 1937. Bui. Ent. Res. 28: 369. — Finlayson and
Finlayson, 1958. Canad. Ent. 90: 587-589.

Lamachus contortionis Davis
Maine s. to n. Fla., w. to Wis. and Ark. Host: Gilpinia hercyniae (Htg.),
Neodiprion abietis (Harris), N. lecontei (Fitch), N. nanulus nanulus Schedl, N. pratti
banksia7iae Roh.
Lamachus^ contortionis Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 284. ♀.
Lagarotis diprioni Rohwer, 1915. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 49: 217. ♂, ♀.




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Lamachus eques (Hartig)
Europe. Introduced in N. B., Que., Vt., N. J., and Ont. between 1936 and 1941,
apprently without becoming established. Host: Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.). The host
cited was one of the target species for releases in North America; the other target
species was Gilpinia hercyniae (Htg.).

Tryphon eques Hartig, 1838. Jahresber. Fortschr. Forstwiss. Forstl. Naturk. 1: 272. [male,
female].

Mesoleius silvarum Holmgren, 1876. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 13: 10. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Oehlke, 1966 (1965). Beitr. z. Ent. 15: 858-859.

Biology: Pschorn-Walcher, 1967. Commowealth Inst. Biol. Control, Tech. Bui. 8: 15-18, 45.

Lamachus lophyri (Ashmead)
N. B., Maine, N. H., Mass., Ont., Wis. Host: Neodiprio7i abietis (Harris), N.
abbotii (Leach), N. nanuhis rianulus Schedl, N. pinetiim (Nort.), N. pinusrigidae
(Nort.), N. pratti banksianae Roh.
Neoeryma lophyri Ashmead, 1898. In Dimmock and Ashmead, Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 4:
169. ♂, ♀.

Lamachus ruficoxalis (Cushman)
Maine, Ont., s. Man. Neodiprion abietis (Harris).

Labrossyta ruficoxalis Cushman, 1919. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 21: 118. ♀.
Laniachus ruficomisC.) Cushman, 1939. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 29: 400.

Lamachus tsugae Cushman
Que., Ont., w. Oreg. Host: Neodiprion abbotii (Leach), A^. nanulus nanulus
Schedl, N. pratti banksianae Roh., A^. tsugae Midd.
Laniachus tsugae Cushman, 1939. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 29: 401. cj, 9.

Lamachus virginianus (Rohwer)
Mass., Va., e. N. C, Ohio. Host: Neodiprion lecontei (Fitch). Probably
not distinct from L. lophyri (Ashmead).
Lagarotis virginia^ius Rohwer, 1915. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 49: 218. ♂.

Genus NEOSTROBLIA Heinrich

Neostroblia Heinrich, 1953. Wien. Ent. Gesell., Ztschr. 38: 211.

Type-species: Mesoleius nificollis var. pseudolituratus Strobl. Monotypic and orig.
desig.

This Holarctic genus includes two described species. The type-species is European.

Neostroblia incessans (Davis)
N. H., Colo.? The lectotype was collected on Mt. Washington, N. H. by A. T.
Slosson, apparently in the "alpine region."
Rhaestes incessans Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 311. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 13: 119.

Genus SCOPESIS Foerster

Scopesis Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 209.

Type-species: Mesoleius guttiger Holmgren. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from eleven
species included by Thomson, 1894. Perkins (1962) regarded the type-species as
being a synonym of S. bicolor (Gravenhorst).
Scoparches Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 211.

Type-species: Tryphon bicolor Gravenhorst. Monotypically included and desig. by
Perkins, 1962.
Scopesus Thomson, 1894. Opusc. Ent. 19: 2028. Emend.
Hyposyntactus Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 217.

Type-species: Hyposyntactus flavifrons Ashmead. Monotypic.

This is a Holarctic genus of moderate size.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 120 (Nearctic spp. assigned).
gesticulator tarda (Provancher). Que. w. to Alaska, s. to n. Ga., Mich., Colo., and Oreg. S.
gesticulator gesticulator (Thunberg) is Eurasian.
Tryphon tardus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Cariad. 7: 119. ♀.

Mesoleius;' laetus Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 372. S. Formerly
preocc. in Mesoleptus by Gravenhorst, 1829.




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Lampronota nigropicta Davis, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 31. 6. Syn.?; regarded as a

subspecies distinct from gestiailator tarda by Townes (1970), but evidently would have

a range entirely overlapped by g. tarda.
Mesoleptiis distinctits Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 314. 6, 9. Syn.?

Preocc. by Cresson, 1864.
Mesoleptiis nigralis Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 314. 9. Syn.?
Mesoleptus pictus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 315. 6, 9. Syn.?

Presumably the species described in Davis' key as distinctus.
Mesoleptus Vancouveriensis Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym. v. 3, p. 365. N. name for

Mesoleius laetus Cresson.
Scopasisd) monticola Ashmead, 1902. In Slosson, Ent. News 13: 6. Nomen nudum.
Hyposyntactus flavifrons Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc 4: 217. ♂.
Scopesis monticola Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 61 (8): 26. <5, 9. Syn.?
rufonotatus fidelis (Davis). N. H., N. Y., N. C, n. Ga., w. Wash. S. nifonotatus nifonotatus

(Holmgren) is European.
Mesoleius fidelis Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 297. ♂, ♀.

Genus HIMERTA Foerster

Ithagenes Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 158. Preocc. by Agassiz, 1846.
Type-species: Ichneumon defectivus Gravenhorst. Monotypically included and desig.
by Townes, 1970.
Himerta Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 200.

Type-species: Enryproctus (Himertus) bisannulatus Thomson. Desig. by Viereck,
1914 from two species included by Thomson, 1883.
Clepsiporthus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 200.

Type-species: Mesoleptus rubiginosus Cresson. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from four
species included by Davis, 1898.
Enoecetis Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 211.

Type-species: Enoecetis scutellaris Kriechbaumer. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Kriechbaumer, 1897.
Dolioctenus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 212.

Type-species: Ichneumon defectivus Gravenhorst. Monotypically included and desig.
by Perkins, 1962.
Himertus Thomson, 1883. Opusc Ent. 9: 926. Emend.
Neoprotarchus Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 64 (20): 10.

Type-species: Neoprotarchus ater Cushman. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Daisetsuzania Uchida, 1930. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Faculty Agr., Jour. 25: 289.
Type-species: Daisetsuzania albifrons Uchida. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is a Holarctic genus of moderate size.

Himerta annulata (Davis)
Northern Mich.

Lampronota annulata Davis, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 31. ♂.

Himerta atra (Cushman)
Alta., n.w. Calif.

Neoprotarchus ater Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 64 (20): 10. "♂"=♀.

Himerta flavida (Davis)
N. H., e. N. C, Mich., Mo., S. Dak., Kans., Alta., w. Wash.

Clepsiporthus flavidus Davis, 1896. In Slosson, Ent. News 7: 264. Nomen nudum.

Clepsiporthus flavidus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 326. ♀.

Himertus dakota Cushman, 1927. U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc 72 (13): 14 d ?, 9.

Himerta rubiginosa (Cresson)
Alta., s.w. B. C, Wash., Calif.

Mesoleius^ rubiginosus Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 372. ♂.

Genus RHINOTORUS Foerster

Spudaea Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheyilande, Verh. 25: 211. Preocc. by Snellen van
Vollenhoven, 1867.

Type-species: Tryphon leucostonius Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from
three species included by Thomson, 1883.
Rkinotonis Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 211.




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Type-species: Spudaea longicomis Schmiedeknecht. Included and desig. by Perkins,
1962.
Spudaeus Thomson, 1883. Opusc. Ent. 9: 932. Emend. Preocc. by Gistel, 1848.
Prospudaea Hincks, 1944. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc, Ser. B: Taxonomy 13: 35. N. name
for Spudaea Foerster.

This is a small Holarctic genus.

Rhinotorus ovalis (Davis)
N. H., Mich., Colo., w. Wash.

Spudaea ovale Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 291. cJ, 9.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 122.

Genus ARBELUS Townes

Arbehis Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 122.
Type-species: Mesoleius idahoeyisis Davis. Orig. desig.

This is a Holarctic genus of moderate size. There are five undescribed or undetermined
Nearctic species.

Arbelus idahoensis (Davis)
Colo., n. Idaho, w. Wash., n.w. Oreg.

Mesoleius idahoensis Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 297. S, 9. Suppressed
as a synonym of M. miperus Davis by Townes (1945); apparently resurrected from
synonymy by Townes (1970).

Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 515.

Arbelus intimatus (Davis)
Mont.?, Colo., Wash.

Mesoleptus intimatus davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 317. ♂.

Arbelus nuperus (Davis)
N. H., N. Y.

Mesoleius miperus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 296. ♀.

Genus CAMPODORUS Foerster

Phagesorus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 212.

Type-species: Tryphon caligatus Gravenhorst. Monotypically included and desig. by
Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965.
Campodorus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 213.

Type-species: Mesoleius melanogaster Holmgren. Monotypically included and desig.
by Perkins, 1962.
Cuboscopesis Heinrich, 1952. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (12) 5: 1080.

Type-species: Cuboscopesis epachtkoides Heinrich. Monotypic and orig. desig.

According to Townes (1970), this is a very large Holarctic genus.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 123-124.

Campodorus alaskensis (Ashmead)
Southwestern Alaska.

Calliphrunts alaskeiisis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 220. ♂, ♀.

Campodorus aquilonaris (Walkley)
Southwestern Alaska.

Calliplirurus frigidus Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 222. S. Formerly preocc.

in Mesoleius by Holmgren, 1857.
Mesoleius aquilonaris Walkley, 1958. In Krombein et al., U. S. Dept. Agr. Agr. Monog. 2,
Sup. 1, p. 56. N. name for Calliphninis frigidus Ashmead.

Campodorus clypeatus (Ashmead)
Southwestern Alaska.

Calliplirurus clypeatus Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 220. ♀ (♂ misdet.).

Campodorus contractus (Davis)
Alta.

Mesoleius contractus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 297. ♀. Preocc. by
Holmgren, 1857; not renamed because of uncertain synonymy.

Campodorus convexus (Davis)
N. H.

Mesoleius convexiis Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 298. ♀.




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Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 519 (suppressed as syn. of Mesoleius
visoris Davis). —Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 124 (regarded as not
congeneric with M. visoris).

Campodorus euurae (Ashmead)
Northeastern Calif. Host: Ponta^iia resinicola (Marl.).

Bassus euurae Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 440. ♂.

Campodorus insularis (Ashmead)
Southwestern Alaska, Wash.

Zootreplies insularis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 225. ♂.

Campodorus kukakensis (Ashmead)
Southwestern Alaska.

Calliphrurus kukakensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 222. ♀.

Campodorus lituratus (Holmgren)
Southeastern N. W. T.?; n. Eurasia. Recorded from Akpatok Isl., N. W.
T. by Poulton (1934); specimen apparently identified by C. Ferriere.
Mesoleius lituratus Holmgren, 1857 (1855). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 1: 147. ♂.
Mesoleius Sahlbergi Woldstedt, 1874. Bidr. till Kann. Finlands Nat. 21: 44. ♀.
Mesoleius (Saot2is) rubidus Thomson, 1883. Opusc. Ent. 9: 935. 9. Syn.?; suppressed as a

syn. of lituratus "var." Sahlbergi by Roman (1909).
Mesoleius sahlbergii Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 266. Emend.

Taxonomy: Roman, 1909. In Hamberg, naturw. Untersuch. Sarekgebirges

Schwedisch-Lappland, v. 4, p. 346. —Poulton, 1934. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 14: 53.

— Hellen, 1950. Notulae Ent. 30: 29 (syn.). —Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965. Amer.

Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 262 (generic placement).

Campodorus picens (Davis)
Colo., Alta.

Holmgrenia picens Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 294. ♀.

Campodorus sexcarinatus (Ashmead)
Alaska.

Polyterus sexcarinatus Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 217. ♀.

Genus SMICROLIUS Thomson

Syndip7ius subg. S7)iicrolius Thomson, 1895. Opusc. Ent. 19: 2008.

Type-species: Sy7idip7ius {Sinicrolius) parvicalcar Thomson. Monotypic.

According to Townes (1970) this small Holarctic genus includes two undescribed Nearctic spe-
cies.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 13: 124.

Genus MESOLEIUS Holmgren

Mesoleius Holmgren, 1856 (1854). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. 75: 69.

Type-species: Tryphoyi aulicus Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1912.
Allocritus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 211.

Type-species: Mesoleius tenuiventris Holmgren. Monotypically included and desig.
by Perkins, 1962.
Cryptocentrus Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 156. Preocc. by Ehrenberg, 1837.

Type-species: Tryphon submarginatus Cresson. Monotypic.
Mesolius Pfankuch, 1906. Ztschr. System. Hym. Dipt. 6: 85. Emend.
Alfkenia Pfankuch, 1906. Ztschr. System. Hym. Dipt. 6: 89. Syn.?

Type-species: Ichneumon integrator Mueller. Monotypic.
Habrodevius Schmiedeknecht, 1913. Opusc. Ichn., v. 5, p. 2799.

Type-species: Mesoleius elongatus Brischke. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Schmiedeknecht, 1914.

This is a large Holarctic genus.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 125 (restriction of definition and

list of Nearctic spp. remaining in genus).

Mesoleius articularis Davis
Sask., Colo.?, Wash.

Mesoleius articularis Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 300. ♀.

Mesoleius audax Davis
N. H.

Mesoleius audax Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 299. ♀.




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Mesoleius conformus Davis
N. H., R. I., Alta.

Mesoleins confonnits Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 300. ♂, ♀.

Mesoleius cressoni (Davis)
Tex.

Holnigrenia cressoni Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 293. ♀.

Hohngrenia cressonii Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 270. Emend.

Mesoleius excavatus
***authority mismatch
(provancher). Que.

Tryphon excavatus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 310. ♂.

Ta.\onomy: Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 468.

Mesoleius insidiosus (Cresson)
N. H., Mass., N. Y., Pa., Ont., Ohio, Mich., Iowa, Colo.
Mesoleptus insidiosus Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 98. ♂.
Mesoleius convergens Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 296. ♀.
Mesoleiiis visoris Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 296. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 125 (syn.).

Mesoleius minor (Ashmead)
Southwestern Alasita.

Calliphnirus affinis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 221. ♀. Preocc. in

Mesoleius by Brischite, 1892.
Calliphnirus minor Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 221. ♂, ♀.
Mesoleius congener Walkley, 1958. In Krombein et ai, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2,
Sup. 1, p. 55, 56. N. name for C. affinis Ashmead.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 125 (syn.).

Mesoleius pertinax Davis
Maine, N. H.

Mesoleius pertinax Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 299. ♂, ♀.

Mesoleius pulchranotus Davis
N. Y.?, Tex. Host: Periclista media (Nort.)?

Mesoleius pulchranotus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 298. ♂.

Mesoleius stejnegeri Ashmead
Eastern U. S. S. R. The type locality is Ostrov Bering (i.e. Bering Isl.), U.

5. S. R.; this was incorrectly indicated as an Alaskan locality in previous Nearctic
catalogs of Ichneumonidae. However, it seems likely that the species will be found in
the Aleutian Islands.

Mesoleius stejnegeri Ashmead, 1899 (1898). In Jordan, Fur Seals and Fur Seal Isls. No.
Pacific, V. 4, p. 337. ♀.

Mesoleius submarginatus
***authority mismatch
(Cresson). Que., N. W. T.?, and B. C, s. to N. C, III, and Colo.
Tryphon^ submarginatus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc 3: 274. ♂.

Mesoleius tarsalis (Cresson)
Que., R. I., Conn., N. Y., Md., N. C, Alta. Host: Croesus latitarsus Nort.

Tryphon tarsalis Cresson, 1868 Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 106. 9 {6 misdet.?).

Mesoleius tenthredinis Morley
Newfoundland (insular) w. to n. Alta. and central B. C, s. to n. Md., Wis.,
and Mont.; Europe; Japan. Introduced. Host: Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.), Gilpinia
hercyniae (Htg.). Parasitism of G. hercyniae appears at most to be very occasional.
Effectiveness as a parasite of P. erichsonii decreased greatly as a resistant strain of
erichsonii capable of encapsulating the eggs of M. tenthredinis spread throughout much
of the present Nearctic range of erichsonii. Attempts to diversify the gene pool of the
North American population of tenthredinis (EngHsh origin) by releasing specimens from
Bavaria which are resistant to egg encapsulation are presumably too recent (1963
through 1969) for signs of success to be evident.
Mesoleius tenthredinis Morley, 1912. In Hewitt, Canada Expt. Farms, Bui. (ser.2) 10: 26. ♂, ♀.

Mesoleius romani Teunissen, 1945. Leyden Rijks Mus. van Natuurlijke Hist., Zool. Meded.
25:209. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1951. In Muesebeck et ai, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2:
334 (syn.).

Biology: Hewitt, 1912. Canada Expt. Farms, Bui. (ser. 2) 10: 25-28. -Graham, 1931. Canad.
Ent. 63: 99-102. —Hopping, Leach, Hugh, and Morgan, 1943. Sci. Agr. 24: 58. — Lejeune,
1946. Canada Dept. Agr., Sci. Serv., Div. Ent., Forest Insect Invest, Bi-mon. Prog. Rpt. 3
(2): 2-3. — Drooz, 1953. Jour. Econ. Ent. 46: 828. —Graham, 1953. Quebec Soc. Prot. Plants,
Ann. Rpt. 35: 61. — Muldrew, 1953. Canad. Jour. Zool. 31: 313. — Muldrew, 1956. Forestry




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Chron. 32: 21. -Drooz, 1957. Jour. Econ. Ent. 50: 212. — Drooz, 1960. U. S. Dept. Agr.,
Tech. Bui. 1212: 29-32. — McGugan and Coppel, 1962. In McCleod, McGugan, and Coppel,
Commonwealth Inst. Biol. Control, Tech. Commun. 2: 110-114. — Turnock and Muldrew,
1971. Commonwealth Inst. Biol. Control, Tech. Commun. 4: 177-180, 181-182, 186-188.

Morphology: Finlayson, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 933-935 (final-instar larva).

Genus HYPERBATUS Foerster

Hyperbatus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 210.

Type-species: Mesoleius segynentator Holmgren. Monotypically included and desig.
by Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965.

According to Townes (1970) this genus includes the Eurasian type-species and three un-
described Nearctic species.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 126.

Genus SAOTIS Foerster

Saotis Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 210.

Type-species: Mesoleius {Saotus) brevispina Thomson. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from
five species included by Thomson, 1883.
Saotus Thomson, 1883. Opusc. Ent. 9: 933. Emend.

This is a Holarctic genus of moderate size.

Saotis clypeatus (Ashmead)
Southwestern Alaska, w. Wash.

Exolytus clypeatus Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 168. ♀.

Saotis hoeli Roman
Eastern Greenland.

Saotis Hoeli Roman, 1933. Norges Svalbard-og Ishavs-undersokelser, Skrifter om
Svalbard og Ishavet 53: 9. ♀.

Taxonomy: Roman, 1934. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 14: 609 (variation).

Saotis mellipes (Provancher)
Que.

Echthrus viellipes Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 60. ♀ (♂ misdet.).

Genus ANONCUS Townes

Anoncus Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 127.
Type-species: Mesoleius striatus Davis. Orig. desig.

Townes said that this is a large Holarctic genus.

Anoncus confusus (Ashmead)
Southwestern Alaska.

Calliphrurus confusus Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 223. ♂.

Anoncus perplexus (Ashmead)
Southwestern Alaska.

Calliphrurus perplexus Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 222. ♂.

Anoncus striatus (Davis)
Que., Maine, N. H., Colo.

Mesoleius striatus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 299. cJ, 9.
Dizemon regalis Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 312. ♀.

Anoncus zebratus (Davis)
N. Y.

Mesoleptus zebratus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 316. ♂, ♀.

Unplaced Taxa of MESOLEIINI

The following were treated as species of Mesoleius by Townes and Townes (1951).
Presumably, they are species whose types had not been studied recently enough by Townes to
enable him to assign them to genera in accordance with his 1970 treatment of the genera of
Ctenopelmatinae. The types of the Provancher species were studied by Barron (1975), who cited
the generic placements of Townes and Townes and Townes (1951) without indicating that they
either remained correct or had become obsolete.

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1951. In Muesebeck et ai, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2:
332, 333, 334. -Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 445, 448, 545, 554-555.




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Eclytus robustus Provancher, 1883. Nat. Canad. 14: 8. 9. Que.

Mesoleiiis Chicoutimiensis Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 368. ♀.

Que.
Mesoleius comeaui Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 511. N. name for Tryphon

canaliculatus Provancher (which see).
Mesoleius groeiilandicus Roman, 1930. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 5: 285.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 110.
Tryphon canaliculahis Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 116. 9. Que. Formerly preocc. in

Mesoleius by Provancher, 1874; replaced in 1945 by Mesoleius comeaui Townes (which

see).
Tryphon rufopectus Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada hym., p. 367. "♂"=♀.

Que.

Tribe EURYPROCTINI

This tribe is Neotropic, Holarctic, and Oriental, but the majority of the taxa occur in the
Holarctic region only. Of the sixteen genera currently recognized, twelve have Nearctic species.

Genus SYNOMELIX Foerster

Zemiophora Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 203.

Type-species: Tryphon scutulatus Hartig. By subsequent monotypy from inclusion
by Thomson, 1894.
Synomelix Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 206.

Type-species: Synomelix sieboldii Kriechbaumer. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Kriechbaumer, 1897. Perkins (1962) regarded the type-species as
being synonymous with S. albipes (Gravenhorst).
Zemiophorus Thomson, 1894. Opusc. Ent. 19: 2000. Emend.

This is a small Holarctic genus. Perkins (1962) disputed Townes (1945) suppression of
Zemiophora as a synonym of Syyiomelix.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 521. —Perkins, (1962). Brit. Mus. (Nat.
Hist.) Ent., Bui. 11: 457,464.

Dialges fasciatus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 286. ♂.

iongitarsis (Ashmead). Southwestern Alaska.

Sychtioportus Iongitarsis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 216. ♂.

Synomelix obesa (Davis)
Que., R. I., N. Y., Pa., Va., w. N. C, n. Ga.

Stiphrosomus obesa Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 312. ♀.

Synomelix signatipes (Cresson)
"Hudson's Bay Territory."

Tryphon signatipes Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 105. ♀.

Genus SYNODITES Foerster

Zootrephes Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 162. This name was
suppressed as a synonym of Synodites by Townes, Momoi, and Townes (1965) who were
acting as first revisors. It should be noted that volume 25 of Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande,
Verh. was published in two halves; Zootrephes appeared in the first half and Syyiodites
appeared in the second half. If it is subsequently shown that the second half or the
author's separates it would, of course, be necessary to suppress Synodites as a synonym
of Zootrephes. Zootrephes.

Type-species: Bassus {Zootrephes) hilaris Woldstedt. By subsequent monotypy
from inclusion by Woldstedt, 1880.
Sychnoportus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 208, 220. The variant
spelling Sychiioporthus appeared on p. 220.

Type-species: Sychnoportus rufopectus Ashmead. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Ashmead, 1898.
Listrota Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 209.




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Type-species: Phobetes canadensis Harrington. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Davis, 1898.
Polyterus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 209.

Type-species: Polyterus franconiaensis Davis. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from two
species included by Davis, 1898.
Synodites Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 211.

Type-species: Tryphon assimilis Holmgren. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from five
species included by Thomson, 1894. The type-species is regarded as a synonym of
S. notatus (Gravenhorst).
Camponastes Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 212.

Type-species: Camponastes basilicus Davis. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Davis, 1898.
Sarcorychus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 212.

Type-species: Tryphon notatus Gravenhorst. Monotypically included and desig. by
Perkins, 1962.
Zootrephus Thomson, 1890. Opusc. Ent. 14: 1486. Emend.
Synodytes Thomson, 1894. Opusc. Ent. 19: 2001. Emend.

Synodites basilicus (Davis)
Vt., Wash.

Camponastes basilicus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 292. ♀.

Synodites canadensis (Harrington)
Southwestern B. C, Wash.

Phobetes canadensis Harrington, 1894. Canad. Ent. 26: 248. ♀.

censors (Davis). Que., N. H.

Mesoleius consors Davis 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 297. ♀.

Synodites franconiaensis (Davis)
N. H., R. I.

Polyterus Franconiaensis Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 289. ♀.

Synodites olympiae (Ashmead)
Maine, N. H., Mass., Conn., N. Y., n. Va., w. Wash. Host: Nematus
erythrogaster Nort., N. ventralis Say, willow sawfly, tenthredinid on Populus
tremuloides.
Mesoleius olympiae Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 199. Sychnoportus rufopectus Ashmead, 1898. In Dimmock and Ashmead, Ent. Soc. Wash.,
Proc4: 169. "♂"=♀.

Synodites virginiensis (Ashmead)
Que., N. H., Va., N. C, n. Ga. Host: Sawfly on white birch.
Bassus virginiensis Ashmead, 1890. (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 12: 440. ♀.
Mesoleius piiritanicus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 299. ♀.
Polyterus albipectus Walley, 1937. Canad. Ent. 69: 192. ♂, ♀.

Genus PANTORHAESTES Foerster

Trophoctonus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 206

Type-species: Tryphon xanthostomus Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from
two species included by Thomson, 1894.
Pantorhaestes Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 206.

Type-species: Tryphon xanthostomus Gravenhorst. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Pfankuch, 1906.

This is a small Holarctic genus.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 132 (status of Nearctic spp.
changed).

Pantorhaestes assiduus
***authority mismatch
assiduus (Cresson). Mass., Mich., Sask.

Mesoleptus assiduus Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 97. ♂.

Pantorhaestes assiduus
***authority mismatch
excavatus (Davis). Mont.

Erigloea excavata Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 275. ♀.

xanthostomus frontalis (Davis). Que. w. to Alta., s. to D. C, Ind., and Colo. P. xanthostomus
xanthostomus (Gravenhorst) occurs in Europe.
Dialges frontalis Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 285. cJ, 9.
Dialges frontalis var. tricolor Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 285. cJ, 9.
Dialges frontalis var. rivalis Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 286. ♀.




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Genus MESOLEPTIDEA Viereck

Mesoleptidea Viereck, 1912 (Sept. 30). Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 14: 176.

Type-species: Mesoleptus cingulahis Gravenhorst. Orig. desig.
Gnathonophorus Schmiedeknecht, 1912 (Nov.). Opusc. Ichn., v. 5, p. 2519.

Type-species: Gnathonophorus moricei Schmiedeknecht. By subsequent monotypy
from inclusion by Schmiedeknecht, 1913.

This is a Holarctic genus of moderate size.

Mesoleptidea decens (Cresson)
Que., Maine, N. H., Conn., N. Y., Pa., Va., Colo. Host: Sawfly on Sanibucus.

Mesoleptus decens Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 101. ♂.

Mesoleptidea flavifrons (Cresson)
N. H., R. I., N. Y., N. J.

Mesoleptus flavifrons Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 269. ♂.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 133 (generic transfer).

Mesoleptidea kodiakensis (Ashmead)
Southwestern Alaska.

Hypocryptus kodiakensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 208. ♂.

Mesoleptidea unalaskae (Ashmead)
Southwestern Alaska.

Mesoleptus unalaskae Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 210. ♀.

Genus ANISOTACRUS Schmiedeknecht

Anisotacrus Schmiedeknecht, 1913. Opusc. Ichn., v. 5, fasc. 34 (June), p. 2710; v. 5, fasc. 35
(Nov.), p. 2725. Schmiedeknecht indicated on p. 2725 that this is a new name for
"Epachtus Thomson, Opusc. entom. XIX, p. 1999 (non Epacthes Foerster, 1868)."
However, it seems clear from his discussion that rather than proposing a replacement
name for Epachtus because he believed it to be preoccupied by Epachthes, he proposed
it in the sense that he regarded Epachtus Thomson as being a misidentification of
Epachthes Foerster. That is, he was proposing a "new name" for Epachthes Foerster
sensu Thomson. Schmiedeknecht indicated that Thomson placed two unrelated species in
Epachtus, Tryphon erythropalpus "Gravenhorst" and Mesoleius tenellus Holmgren;
Schmiedeknecht placed Tryphon erythropalpus (desig. as the type-species oi Epachthes
by Viereck, 1914) in Trematopygus and proposed his "new name for Epachtus" only for
Mesoleius tenellus Holmgren.

Type-species: Mesoleius teiiellus Holmgren. Monotypic.

This is a Holarctic genus of moderate size.

Anisotacrus popofensis (Ashmead)
Southwestern Alaska, Alta.

Hypocryptus popofensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 208. "♂"=♀.

Anisotacrus spatiosus (Davis)
Que., N. Y., R. I.

Sychnoleter spatiosus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 306. ♀.

Anisotacrus truncatus (Davis)
N. Y., "Canada," Mont.

Clepsiporthus truncatus Davis, 1898. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 326. ♂, ♀.

Genus HADRODACTYLUS Foerster

Dizemon Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 199.

Type-species: Mesoleptus typhae Gravenhorst. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Kriechbaumer, 1891. The type-species is Gravenhorst's identification
of and lapsus for Ichneumon tiphae Geoffroy. The taxonomy of H. tiphae is
discussed by Idar (1974).
Hadrodadylus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 199.

Type-species: Ichneumon tiphae Geoffroy. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from two species
included by Woldstedt, 1877.
Zemiodes Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 200.

Type-species: Mesoleptus erythropus Kriechbaumer. Desig. by Perkins, 1962 from
two species included by Kriechbaumer, 1891.
Narcopoea Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 204. J




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Type-species: Mesoleptus typhae Gravenhorst. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Kriechbaumer, 1891. See above discussion of type-species of
Dizernon.
Meropaches Schmiedeknecht, 1913. Opusc. Ichn., v. 5, p. 2705.

Type-species: Meropaches bulsa^ieiisis Schmiedeknecht. Monotypic.

This is a large Holarctic genus. The usual hosts are presumed to be sawflies of the genus
Dolerus.

Taxonomy: Idar, 1974. Ent. Scand. 5: 23 (discussion bearing on identity of Ichneumon tiphae
Geoffroy).

Hadrodactylus coxatus (Davis)
N. Y. s. to Va., w. to s.w. S. Dak.

Hadrodactylus elongatus var. coxatus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 320. ♂, ♀.

Hadrodactylus elongatus (Cresson)
Mass., Alta.

Mesoleptus elongatus Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 96. ♂, ♀.

Hadrodactylus femoratus (Davis)
Colo. See Hadrodactylus seldoviae (Ashmead).

Catoglyptus femoratus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 310. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 489. — Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent.

Inst., Mem. 13: 80.

Hadrodactylus flavicornis
***authority mismatch
(provancher). Que.

Mesoleptus flavicomis Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11: 228. ♀.

Hadrodactylus inceptus (Cresson)
Que. w. to s.w. B. C, s. to N. C, Iowa, and Colo.

Mesoleptus inceptus Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent Soc, Trans. 2: 96. ♂, ♀.

Mesoleptus propinquus Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 97. ♂.

Zemiodes coloradejisis Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 323. ♂, ♀.

Hadrodactylus laurentianus (Provancher)
Que.

Tryphon Laurentianus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 118. ♂.

Hadrodactylus longicornis (Cresson)
N. H., N. Y., Del., Mich. J

Mesolepttis longicornis Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 270. S. ■

Hadrodactylus magnacornis (Davis)
Wash.

Zemiodes magnacornis Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 324. ♂.

Hadrodactylus seldoviae (Ashmead)
N. Y., Pa., N. C, Mich., Colo., Alta. Idaho, Alaska.

Hadrodactylus elongatus war. femoratus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24:
320. ♂, ♀. Preocc. in Hadrodactylus by Davis, 1898, p. 310.

Hypocryptus seldoviae Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 209. ♂, ♀.

Hadrodactylus seminiger (Provancher)
Que., Pa., Ont., Colo., Mont., Nev.

Paiiiscus seminiger Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 107. 9 (cJ misdet.).
Hadrodactylus ruficomis Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 320. ♀.

Hadrodactylus tibialis (Ashmead)
Southwestern Alaska, w. Wash.

Hypocryptus tibialis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 209. ♂.

Hadrodactylus variegatipes (Ashmead)
Southwestern Alaska.

Hypocryptus variegatipes Ashmead 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 208. ♂.

Genus SYNDIPNUS Foerster

Polypystis Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 208.

Type-species: Tryphon lateralis Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from two
species included by Roman, 1909.
Syndipnus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande Verb. 25: 209.

Type-species: Euryproctus (Syndipnus) macrocerus Thomson. Desig. by Viereck,
1914 from nine species included by Thomson, 1883.
Tlemon Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 209.

Type-species: Tlemon delicatus Ashmead. By subsequent monotypy from inclusion
by Ashmead, 1902.
Dicksonia Holmgren, 1881 (1880). Novas Species Ins. Cura et Lahore A. E. Nordenskioldii
e Novaia Semlia Coactorum, p. 11.

Type-species: Dicksonia arctica Holmgren. Monotypic.




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Neastus Holmgren, 1883. In Holmgren and Aurivillius, Ent. Tidskr. 4: 154.

Type-species: Neastus laeviceps Holmgren. Monotypic.
Anagly7>nuHs Roman, 1914. Arkiv for Zool. 9 (2): 3.

Type-species: Anaglynniius incisiis Roman. Desig. by Viereck, 1921.

This is a moderately large Holarctic genus.

Revision: Walley, 1940. Canad. Ent. 72: 135-145.

Taxonomy: Walley, 1945. Canad. Ent. 77: 41-43 (additions to revision).

Syndipnus alaskensis Walley
Northeastern N. W. T., interior Alaska.

Syndipnus alaskensis Walley, 1940. Canad. Ent. 72: 138. cJ, 9.

Syndipnus conformis (Holmgren)
Western Sask.; Europe.

Trematopygus conformis Holmgren, 1857 (1855). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 1:
183. ♂.

Syndipnus delicatus (Ashmead)
Southwestern Alaska, Sask. Not included in the revision by Walley
(1940).
Tlemon delicahis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 216. ♂.

Syndipnus gaspesianus (Provancher)
Que. Host: Pikonenia alaskensis (Roh.). According to Townes and
Townes (1951), S. gaspesianus is "transcont. in Canad. Zone."
Tryphon gaspesiaiius Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11: 252. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1951. In Muesebeck et ai, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2:
337.

Syndipnus lateralis (Gravenhorst)
N. H., s. Alta.; Europe. Host: Pachynematus extensicortiis (Nort.).
Tryphon lateralis Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 1, p. 690. [male].
Syndipnus punctiscuta Thomson, 1894. Opusc. Ent. 19: 2005. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Pfankuch, 1907. Ztschr. System. Hym. Dipt. 7: 19 (syn.).

Syndipnus pannicularius (Holmgren)
Interior Alaska; n. Europe.

Mesoleius pannicularius Holmgren, 1857 (1855). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 1:
178. ♀.

Syndipnus phygadeuontoides Walley
Northern Man.

Syndipnus phygadeuontoides Walley, 1945. Canad. Ent. 77: 42. ♀.

Syndipnus probatus Walley
N. Y., Ont. Host: Nematus sp. on poplar.

Syndipnus probatus Walley, 1940. Canad. Ent. 72: 144. ♂, ♀.

Syndipnus rubiginosus Walley
P. E. I., N. B., Que., Maine, Ont, n. Minn., s. Man., Sask. Host: Pikonema

Syndipnus alaskensis
***authority mismatch
(Roh.), P. dininiockii (Cress.).

Syndipnus nibiginosus Walley, 1940. Canad. Ent. 72: 140. ♂, ♀.

Syndipnus ungavae Walley
Northern Que.

Syndip7ius ungavae Walley, 1940. Canad. Ent. 72: 139. ♀.

Genus HYPAMBLYS Foerster

Hypamblys Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 212.

Type-species: Mesoleius transfuga Holmgren. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from four
species included by Thomson, 1894.
Apystus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 212.

Type-species: Tryphon albopictus Gravenhorst. Monotypically included and desig.
by Perkins, 1962.
Lathrophagus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 213.

Type-species: Mesoleius buccatus Holmgren. Monotypically included and desig. by
Perkins, 1962.

This is a Holarctic genus of moderate size.

Hypamblys albifacies (Provancher)
Mass., N. Y., Ont.

Mesostenus albifacies Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 362. ♀.

Hypamblys albopictus (Gravenhorst)
Maine, s.e. and s.w. Alaska, central Wash., n.w. Calif.; Europe. Host:
Anoplonyx laricivorus (R. and M.), Pristiphora abbreviata (Htg.).

Tryphon albopictus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 255. ♂.




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Mesoleius transfiiga Holmgren, 1857 (1855). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 1: 164. ♂, ♀.
Calliphninis popofensis Asiimead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 221. ♀.
Calliphmrun glacialis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 222. ♂.
Mesoleius gyvinonychi Rohwer, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 57: 223. ♀.

Taxonomy: Pfankuch, 1907. Ztschr. System Hym. Dipt. 7: 18 (syn.). — Townes, 1945. Amer.
Ent. Soc. Mem. 11: 527 (syn.).

Biology: Hinz, 1961. Schweiz. Ent. Gesell, Mitt. 34: 4.

Hypamblys conformis (Walley)
Ont., N. C, w. Oreg.

Ipoctonus confonnis Walley, 1933. Canad. Ent. 65: 257. ♂, ♀.

Genus PHOBETES Foerster

Phobetes Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 198.

Type-species: Tryphon fitsciconiis Holmgren. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from two
species included by Thomson, 1889.
Ipoctonus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 199. Preocc. by Heine, 1860.
Type-species: Ichneumon chrysostovius Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from
three species included by Thomson, 1889.
Philotynnna Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 209.

Type-species: Ichneumon chrysostovius Gravenhorst. Desig. by Townes, Momoi,
and Townes, 1965 from four species included by Townes, Townes, and Gupta,
1961.
Phobetus Thomson, 1889. Opusc. Ent. 13: 1430. Emend. Preocc. by LeConte, 1856.
Griphodes Kriechbaumer, 1894. Termeszet. Fuzetek 17: 57.

Type-species: Griphodes caligatus Kriechbaumer. Monotypic.
Phobetellus Hincks, 1944. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc, Ser. B: Taxonomy 13: 34. N. name

for Phobetus Thomson.
Ipoctoninus Hincks, 1944. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc, Ser. B: Taxonomy 13: 35. N. name

for Ipoctonus Foerster.
Troctonus Townes, 1944. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 21. Nomen nudum.

This is a moderately large genus of Neotropic, Holarctic, and Oriental distribution. The
majority of the species occur in the Holarctic region.

egrcgius (Davis). Wash.

Mesoleptus egregius Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 317. 6. Preocc
secondarily in Mesoleptus if Exolytus egregius Foerster is a species of Mesoleptus.

Phobetes rufigaster (Provancher)
Ont.

Tryphon rufigaster Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 104. ♀.
The lectotype selected by Gahan and Rohwer (1918) was rejected by Mason (1955).
Barron (1975) selected a new lectotype.

Taxonomy: Gahan and Rohwer, 1918. Canad. Ent. 50: 200. —Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc,
Mem. 11: 163 (syn.). —Mason, 1955. Canad. Jour. Zool. 33: 20. —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad.
102: 551.

Phobetes striatus (Davis)
Maine, Colo., Alta., Wash.; Mexico. Host: Ametastegia glabrata (Fall.)
Mesoleptus striatus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 318. ♂.
Mesoleptus torpens Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 318. ♂, ♀.
Mesoleptus scrupulosus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 318. ♂, ♀.
Mesoleius balteatus Cushman, 1919. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 55: 541. ♀.

Phobetes uniformis (Provancher)
Que., Ont., Alta. Host: Trichiosoma triangulum Kby.

Campoplex unicolor Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 144. S. Formerly preocc. in

Mesoleptus by Cresson, 1864.
Mesoleptus uniforinis Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11: 232. N. name for C. unicolor
Provancher.

Genus HYPERALLUS Foerster

Gastroponis Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 206.




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Type-species: Hyperallus caliroae Viereck. Monotypically included and desig. by

Perkins, 1962.
Hyperallus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 210.

Type-species: Hyperallus caliroae Viereck. By subsequent monotypy from inclusion

by Viereck, 1911.

Only one species is known.

Hyperallus caliroae Viereck
N. Y., Va., La., n.e. Kans. Host: Caliroa liturata MacG., C. sp. on Quercus

rubra.
Hyperallus caliroae Viereck, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 40: 189. ♂, ♀.
Polyterus caliroae Rohwer, 1915. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 49: 221. ♂. Preocc. in Hyperallus

by Viereck, 1911.
Hyperallus virginiensis Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 528. N. name for P.

Hyperallus caliroae
***authority mismatch
Rohwer.

Taxonomy: Townes. 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 138 (syn.).
Biology: Cushman, 1911. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Bui. 97, pt. 5, p. 101-102.

Genus OCCAPES Townes

Occapes Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 138.
Type-species: Occapes sierrae Townes. Orig. desig.

This is a small Holarctic genus.

Occapes sierrae Townes
Northern Calif.

Occapes sierrae Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 13: 139. ♂, ♀.

Genus EURYPROCTUS Holmgren

Euryproctus Holmgren, 1857 (1855). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 1: 109.
Type-species: Mesoleptus ainiulatus Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1912.
Sychnoleter Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 197.

Type-species: Mesoleptus geniculosus Gravenhorst. Monotypically included and
desig. by Thomson, 1889.
Hypocryptus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 198.

Type-species: Mesoleptus (Hypocryptus) testaceiconiis Brischke. By subsequent
monotypy from inclusion by Brischke, 1892. The type-species is regarded as a
synonym of £. niundus (Gravenhorst).
Xenonastes Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 208.

Type-species: Euryproctus alpinus Holmgren. Monotypically included and desig. by
Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965.
Fovaya Cameron, 1903. Ztchr. System. Hym. Dipt. 3: 341.

Type-species: Fovaya annulicornis Cameron. Monotypic.

This large genus is Holarctic and Oriental (a few spp.).

Revision: Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 327-330.

albocinctus Davis. N. H.

Euryproctus albocinctus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 328. ♀.

Euryproctus albopunctus Davis
N. H.

Euryroctus albopunctus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 328. ♂, ♀.

Euryproctus annulatipes (Provancher)
Que.

Mesoleptus annulatipes Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 93, 96. ♂.
The alternate spelling cinctipes on p. 93 (key) was rejected in favor of annulatipes by Barron (1975).

Taxonomy: Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 424.

Euryproctus bituminosus Davis
N. H., Mass., Minn., Alta., Idaho, Wash., Oreg.

Euryproctus bituminosus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 328. ♀.

Euryproctus clavatus (Provancher)
Que.

Exetastes clavatus Provancher, 1883. Petite Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 386. ♀.




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Euryproctus curvator Davis
Que. s. to n. Ga., w. to Mich.

Tryphon annulatus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 119. ♀. Preocc. in Euryproctus by

Gravenhorst, 1829. The holotype located by Barron (1975) supplants the "lectotype"

selected by Gahan and Rohwer (1918).
Euryproctus curvator Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 329. ♂.

Taxonomy: Gahan and Rohwer, 1918. Canad. Ent. 50: 32. —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102:
425-426.

Euryproctus dakotaensis Davis
Eastern S. Dak., n.e. Kans.

Euryproctus dakotae7isis Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 330. ♂.

Euryproctus depressus (Provancher)
Que., N. H.

Mesoleptus depressus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 114. 6. The holotype located by
Barron (1975) supplants the "lectotype" selected by Gahan and Rohwer (1918).

Taxonomy: Gahan and Rohwer, 1918. Canad. Ent. 50: 32. —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 461.

Euryproctus latigaster (Provancher)
Ont.

Mesostenus latigaster Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 77. ♀.

Euryproctus longicornis (Provancher)
Que., N. Y., Ont.

Mesostenus longiconiis Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 300. ♂.

Tryphon Moyeni Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (4): 120. ♂.

Mesoleptus longipes Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (9): 271. d. In view of the fact that
the holotype is lost (Barron, 1975), I see no rationale for Townes (1945) failure to apply
this name according to the actions of the first revisor, the first revisor being
Provancher (1879), who suppressed longipes and longiconiis (the latter then being
preocc. in Mesoleptus by Cresson, 1864) as synonyms of Mesoleptus moyeni
(Provancher).

Mesoleptus perditus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 97. ♂.

Euryproctus nioyenii Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 348. Emend.

Taxonomy: Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11: 223. —Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem.
11: 543. -Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 498, 499, 510, 529-530.

Euryproctus petiolatus Davis
N. H., N. Y., Pa., Mich.

Euryproctus petiolatus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 328. 9. Suppressed
as a synonym of Mesoleptus longipes Provancher by Townes (1945); see synonymy of
preceding species, E. longicornis.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 534.

Euryproctus puritanicus Davis
Mass.

Euryproctus puritanicus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 330. ♀.

Euryproctus ramis Davis
N. H., Alta., Colo.

Euryproctxis sessilis Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 329. ♀.

Euryproctus ramis Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 329. ♀.

Euryproctus sentinis Davis
Maine, N. H., R. I., N. Y., Ont., Tex.

Euryproctus rufopictus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 330. ♀.

Euryproctus seiiti^iis Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 330. ♀.

Subfamily ANOMALONINAE

This is a medium-sized subfamily of worldwide distribution. Gauld (1976) recognized only two
tribes and 35 genera or subgenera as opposed to the four tribes and 37 genera recognized by
Townes (1971). Although I am not entirely convinced that the several genera reduced to sub-
generic status by Gauld should be treated as subgenera, and although I generally regard the
subgeneric category as being a nomenclatural nuisance, I have nevertheless followed Gauld's
classification here, because in its entirety it appears to be an excellent piece of work.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 122-159 (genera of world). —Gauld,
1976. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 33: 1-135 (genera of world).




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Tribe GRAVENHORSTIINI

Members of this tribe are internal parasites of Lepidoptera, ovipositing into the larvae ana al-
ways emerging from the pupae.

Genus HABRONYX Foerster

Gauld (1976) recognized four subgenera, three of which are represented by Nearctic species.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 130-131. —Gauld, 1976. Brit. Mus. (Nat.
Hist.) Ent., Bui. 33: 31-41.

Genus HABRONYX Subgenus HABRONYX Foerster

Habro7iyx Foerster. 1860. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 17: 147.

Type-species: Habronyx gravenhorstii Foerster, Monotypic. The type-species is
regarded as a synonym of H. heros (Wesmael).
Acanthostoma Kriechbaumer, 1895. Naturf. Gesell. Leipzig, Sitzber. 19: 128.

Type-species: Acanthostoma japonicum Kriechbaumer. Monotypic. The type-species
is regarded as a synonym of H. iiisidiator (Smith).
Macrostemvia Shestakov, 1923. Mus. Zool., Russ. Acad. Sci., Ann. 24: 46.

Type-species: Macrostemma elegans Shestakov. Monotypic.
Fonnonanomalon Uchida, 1928. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Faculty Agr., Jour. 21: 241.

Type-species: For)nosano7nalo7i baibarense Uchida. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This small subgenus is known from all zoogeographic regions. The "Marginal Index" of the
Nearctic species disagrees with Gauld's (1976) definition of the subgenus Habronyx, and Gauld
appears to have placed too much emphasis on this character in his key couplet which dif-
ferentiates the subgenera Habronyx and Camposcopus.

Habronyx luteopectus (Norton)
Conn., N. Y., N. C, Mich.

Anomalon luteo-pedus Norton, 1863. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 1: 363. ♂.
Ano7ualon luteopectum Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 167. Emend.
Gravenhorstia iuteopecta Townes, 1951. In Townes and Townes, in Muesebeck et ai, U. S.
Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 397. Emend.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 131.

Habronyx magniceps (Cresson)
N. Y., N. J., Pa., n. Va., Mich., 111., n.e. Kans., n.e. Tex., s. Ariz. Host:
Geometrid?, Hemaris diffinis (Bdv.), Anisota oslari Roths., Dryocampa nibicunda
nibicunda (F.).
Anomalon ynagniceps Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 170. ♀.
Anomalon fuliginosa Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 356. ♀. N. syn.

Taxonomy: Walkley, 1967. In Krombein et a/., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, sup. 2, p. 211
(generic placement).

Genus HABRONYX Subgenus CAMPOSCOPUS Foerster

Camposcopus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 145.

Type-species: Camposcopus aclerivora Rohwer. Monotypically included and desig.
by Rohwer, 1915.
Labrorychus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 146.

Type-species: Anomalon nigricome Wesmael. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Brischke, 1880.
Blaptocawpus Thomson, 1892. Opusc Ent. 16: 1765.

Type-species: Anomalon nigricome Wesmael. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.

This is a small subgenus of Holarctic, Oriental, and Australian distribution.

Habronyx aclerivorus (Rohwer)
Maine, R. I., Pa., Mich., Minn. Host: Paralobesia viteana (Clem.),
Acrobasis comptoniella Hulst, A. rubrifasciella Pack., Acleris sp., Argyrotaenia
velutinana (Wlk.).
Camposcopus aclerivora Rohwer, 1915. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 49: 226. ♀.




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Genus HABRONYX Subgenus HABROCAMPULUM Gauld

Habronyx subg. Hahrocampuhim Gauld 1976. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 33: 38.
Type-species: Anomalon biguttatum Gravenhorst. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is a small Holarctic subgenus. I am grateful to have been informed of the existence of a
Nearctic species by Dr. Ian Gauld (personal commun., 1977). Dr. Gauld said that the Nearctic
specimens he had seen were in the collection of the American Entomological Institute, Ann
Arbor, Mich.

Genus APHANISTES Foerster

Aphanistes Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 145.

Type-species: Anomalon belUcosum Wesmael. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from three
species included by Brischke, 1880.
Anochilacrum Enderlein, 1921. Stettin. Ent. Ztg. 82: 12.

Type-species: Anochilacrum flavigena Enderlein. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is a large genus which is known from all zoogeographic regions except the Ethiopian. The
Nearctic species are being revised by Dr. H. P. Hopper.

Aphanistes hyalinus (Norton)
Que. s. to n. Ga., w. to 111. Host: Datana contracta Wlk., Schizura concinna
(J. E. S.), Symmerista albifrons (J. E. S.), Phosphila turbulenta Hbn., Halisidota caryae
(Harris).
Anomalon hyaline Norton, 1863. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 1: 361. ♀.
Anomalon nigro-rufus Norton, 1863. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 1: 361. ♀.
Anoinalon basilicon Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 359. ♀.
Aiiomalon edemae Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 360. ♂, ♀.

Aphanistes puparum (Ashmead)
Mid-coastal Calif. Host: Noctuid.

Agrypon puparum Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 424. ♀.

Genus BARYLYPA Foerster

Barylypa Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 146.

Type-species: Barylypa genalis Thomson. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from two species
included by Thomson, 1892.
Laphyctes Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 146. Preocc. by Dujardin,
1844, Reichenbach, 1850, and Stal, 1853.

Type-species: Laphyctes insidiator Foerster. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from three
species included by Foerster, 1878.
Samtheinia Dalla Torre, 1901. Wien. Ent. Ztg. 20: 52. N. name for Laphyctes Foerster.
Hadromanus Szepligeti, 1905. In Wytsman, Gen. Ins., fasc. 34, p. 14.

Type-species: Anoynalon (Labrorychus) laevicoxe Schmiedeknecht. Monotypic.
Magnibucca Morley, 1913. Rev. Ichn. Brit. Mus., v. 2, p. 79.

Type-species: Magnibucca testacea Morley. Monotypic.
Trochiscomenis Meyer, 1931. Konowia 10: 8.

Type-species: Trochiscomenis schmiedeknechti Meyer. Monotypic.

This is a large genus of Neotropic, Holarctic, Oriental, and Australian distribution.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 139-140. —Gauld, 1976. Brit. Mus. (Nat.
Hist.) Ent., Bui. 33: 44-46.

Barylypa elongata (Davis)
Mich., S. Dak., Alta.

Anomalon elongatum Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 357. ♂, ♀.
Anoynalon bipartitana Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 358. ♂.

Barylypa irona Grimble
Northern Mich.

Barylypa irona Grimble, 1967. Canad. Ent. 99: 1332.

Barylypa paeneferruginea (Viereck)
Western Kans.

Ano7nalo7i paeneferrugineum Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 310. ♀.

Barylypa relicta (Fabricius)
"North America."

Ophion relictus Fabricius, 1798. Sup. Ent. System., p. 236. [male].




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Taxonomy: Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 111. -Gauld, 1976. Brit. Mus. (Nat.
Hist.) Ent., Bui. 33: 47-48.

Barylypa smithii (Davis)
N. J., Ga.

Attovialon smithii Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 357. ♂.

Barylypa sulcata (Provancher)
Vt., R. I., N. Y., Ont.

Podogaster sulcatus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 90. ♀.

Genus CORSONCUS Townes

Corsoncus Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 141.

Type-species: Anomalon viagtim Cresson. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is a small Neotropic and Nearctic genus. The generic limits of Corsoncus were redefined
by Gauld (1976). Except for C. nigricans (Cresson), the Nearctic species here newly placed in
CornoncuH had been referred to Hadroitianus (now a synonym of Barylypa) by Townes (1971). I
have not seen the types of the species now placed in Corsoyicus.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 140. —Gauld, 1976. Brit. Mus. (Nat.
Hist.) Ent., Bui. 33: 46-48.

Corsoncus apicalis (Cresson)
n. comb. Kans., Colo.

Crenia.stua fulvesceiis var. apicalis Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 286. ♀.
Creviastus fulvescens var. seniiuiger Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 286. ♂, ♀.
Ayiovtalon fulvesce7is var. hentiynelanus Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 310. ♀.

Corsoncus clavatus (Davis)
n. comb. S. C, Ga.

Anomalon clavafum Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 357. ♀.

Corsoncus fulvescens (Cresson)
n. comb. Colo., Ariz.

Creniastus fulvescens Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 285. ♂, ♀.

Corsoncus nigricans (Cresson)
n. comb. Colo.

Creviastus fulvescens var. nigricans Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 286. ♀.

Corsoncus orbitalis (Cresson)
Tex., Colo.

Anomalon orbitalis Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 170. ♂.

Corsoncus pallitarsis (Cresson)
n. comb. N. Y., Del., W. Va., S. C, Tex. Host: Cirropkanus triangulifer
Grt.
Anomalon pallitarse Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 170. ♂.
Anoynalon palliditarse Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 168. Emend.

Genus LIOPTERNA Townes

Lioptema Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 138.

Type-species: Liopterna sclilingeri Townes. Monotypic and orig. desig.

A single species is known.

Liopterna schlingeri Townes
Southern Calif. Known from a single male collected at a locality cited by
Townes as 3 miles west of "Octoella Wells," CaHf. It is apparent that this is a
misspelling for Ocotilla Wells in San Diego County. The type-locality would presumably
lie at the eastern edge of the Anza-Borrego Desert State Park.
Liopterna sclilingeri Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 17: 138. ♂.

Genus THERION Curtis

Therion Curtis, 1829-1830. Guide to Arrangement Brit. Insects, p. 101.

Type-species: Ichneumon circumflexus Linnaeus. Desig. by Curtis, 1839.
Therium Agassiz, 1846. Nom. Zool., Index Univ., p. 368. Emend.
Exochilum Wesmael, 1849. [Brussels] Acad. Roy. de Belg., Bui. 16 (pt. 2): 119, 222.

Type-species: Ichneumon circumflexus Linnaeus. Monotypic.




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According to Townes (1971) this moderately large genus is known from all zoogeographic re-
gions except the Australian Region.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 156-157.

Therion circumflexum (Linnaeus)
Que. w. to s.w. B. C, s. to N. J., N. Mex., and Calif.; Eurasia; n.

Africa. Host: Acronicfa dactylina liesperida Sm.?
Ichneumon circinnflexus Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., ed. 10, v. 1, p. 566. [female].
Exochilum occidentale Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 366. ♀.
Anovialon nigru)>i Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11 (no. 127): 142. ♂, ♀.
Anovtalon japonicunt Cameron, 1906. Entomologist 39: 98. ♀.
Exochilum callosnm Shestakov, 1923. Mus. Zool., Russ. Acad. Sci., Ann. 24: 44. Sex not

indicated.
Exochilum tarsatum Shestakov, 1923. Mus. Zool., Russ. Acad. Sci., Ann. 24: 44. Sex not

indicated.
Exochilum laricin Matsumura, 1926 (1925). Mus. Zool., Russ. Acad. Sci., Ann. 26: 36. ♀.
Exochilum circumflexum ab. nigrosciitellata Hellen, 1926. Soc. pro Fauna et Flora Fenn.,

Acta 56 (6): 15. ♀.
Exochilum circumflexum var. nipponicum Uchida, 1928. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Faculty

Agr., Jour. 21: 236.
Taxonomy: Uchida, 1958. Insecta Matsumurana 21: 92-93 (syn). —Townes, Momoi, and
Townes, 1965. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 380-381 (syn.).

Morphology: Iwata, 1960. Acta Hym. 1: 169 (ovary and egg).

Therion confusum (Ashmead)
Va., N. C, S. C, Tex. Host: Acronicta americana (Harris), A.
hastulifera (J. E. S.).
Schizoloma confusa Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 426. ♀.
Exochilum acronyctae Riley, 1890. In Riley and Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 3:

155. Nomen nudum.
Exochilum acronyctae Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 190. 9. Townes (1945)
selected as lectotype the specimen which Ashmead erroneously recorded as being from
D. C; the type-locality is actually Va.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 724.

Therion fuscipenne (Norton)
N. B. w. to Hudson Bay and s. B. C, s. to Va., N. Mex., and Calif. Host:
Estigmene acrea (Drury), Halisidota maculata (Harris), Acronicta americana (Harris),
A. dactylina hesperida Sm., Merolonche lupini (Grt.).
E xochilum fuscipennis Norton, 1863. Ent. Soc Phila., Proc. 1: 359. ♀.
Exochilum verticale Morley, 1913. Rev. Ichn. Brit. Mus., v. 2, p. 78. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 106.

Therion longipes (Provancher)
Tex., s.e. Wyo., Colo., Utah, Ariz., Nev., s. B. C, Oreg., Calif. Host:

Heliothis sp., Spodoptera exigua (Hbn.).
Anomalon califomicum Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc 30: 367. Preocc.

in Anomalon by Cresson, 1879, p. 367.
Heteropelma longipes Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 120,

363. ♂.
Anomalon simile Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 12: 423. ♀.

Therion morio (Fabricius)
N. S. w. to Wash., s. to s. Fla., s.e. Kans., and n.w. Nev.; Mexico. Host:

Cycnia inopinata (Hy. Edw.), Diacrisia virgitiica (F.), Estigmene acrea (Drury),

Halisidota maculata (Harris), Hyphantria cunea (Drury).
Ichneumon morio Fabricius, 1781. Species Insectorum, v. 1, p. 436. [female].
Ophion mundus Harris, 1835. bi Hitchcock, Rpt. Geol. Min. Bot. Zool. Mass., ed. 2, p.585. .

Nomen nudum.
Ophion mundus Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 239. ♂.

Anomalon flavipes Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. v. 4, p. 170. ♂, ♀.
Anomalon nigripennis Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 173. 6 (9 misdet.?).

Taxonomy: Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 109.




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Therion nigripes Dreisbach
Mass., Conn., N. Y., Pa., n.w. Md., Mich. Host: Halisidota tessellaris (J. E.
S.), E uthisanotia grata (F.).
Therion nigripes Dreisbach, 1947. N. Y. Ent. Sec, Jour. 55: 201. ♂, ♀.

Therion petiolatum (Davis)
Maine, N. Y., Mich., Wis., S. Dak.

Exochiium petiolatum Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 356. ♂, ♀.

Therion sassacus Viereck
N. B. w. to Wash., s. to Ala. and Mo. Host: Cycnia inopinata (Hy. Edw.), C.
tenera Hbn., Hyphantria cunea (Drury), H. textor (Harris).
Therion sassacus Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey Bui. 22:

287. ♂.
Therion waccagum Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey Bui. 22:
287. ♂.

Therion tenuipes (Norton)
Mass., Conn., N. Y., Md., N. C, S. C, Ind.

Exochiium tenuipes Norton, 1863. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 1: 360. ♀.
Exochiium diabolus Morley, 1913. Rev. Ichn. Brit. Mus., v. 2, p. 73. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 106.

Therion texanum (Ashmead)
Mass. s. to e. N. C, w. to n.e. Kans. and Tex.; Mexico? Ecology: Flies
around Smilax. Host: Psychomorpha epimenis (Drury).
Exochiium texanum Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 426. ♂.

Therion varicolor (Viereck)
N. B., Me., N. H., Vt., Conn., N. Y., Pa., Md., s.w. Va., w. N. C, N. Mex.
Exochiium varicolor Viereck, 1903. In Skinner, Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 90. ♂.

Genus HETEROPELMA Wcsmael

Schizoloma Wesmael, 1849. [Brussels] Acad. Roy. de Belg., Bui. 16 (pt. 2): 120.

Type-species: Ichneumon amictus Fabricius. Monotypic.
Heteropelma Wesmael, 1849. [Brussels] Acad. Roy. de Belg., Bui. 16 (pt. 2): 120.

Type-species: Heteropelma calcator Wesmael. Monotypic.
Schizopoma Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 145, 220. Unnecessary n.

name for Schizoloma Wesmael.
Tanypeima Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 157.

Type-species: Heteropelma fiilvicome Townes. Orig. desig.

In his revision of Heteropelma, Gauld (1976) recognized 17 species in the world. The genus is
known from all zoogeographic regions except the Ethiopian Region.

Revision: Gauld, 1976. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 34: 155-219 (spp. of the world).

Taxonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 157-158 (syn.). —Gauld, 1976. Brit. Mus.
(Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 33: 51-53.

Heteropelma datanae Riley
Que. w. to n. Minn., s. to s. Ga., s. La., and n.e. Kans. Host: Datana contracta

Wlk., D. integerrima G. and R., D. 7ninistra (Drury), D. perspicua G. and R.
Anomalon flavicorne Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 171. ♀.

Preocc. by Say, 1823.
Heteropelma datanae Riley, 1888. U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 1: 177. "♀"=♂.9.
Heteropelma fuh'iconie{l) Morley, 1913. Rev. Ichn. Brit. Mus., v. 2, p. 68. Lapsus for and

misidentification of Anomalon flavicomis Say.
Heteropelma fulvicome Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 729. N. name for A.

flavicorne Brulle.

Taxonomy: Gauld, 1976. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 34: 185-187.

Genus GRAVENHORSTIA Boie
Gauld (1976) recognized four subgenera, only one of which has Nearctic species.
Taxonomy: Gauld, 1976. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 33: 55-61.

Genus GRAVENHORSTIA Subgenus GRAVENHORSTIA Boie

Gravenhorstia Boie, 1856. Arch. f. Naturgesch. 2: 42.

Type-species: Gravenhorstia picta Boie. Monotypic.




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Odontopsis Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 150. Preocc. by Hasselt,
1823.

Type-species: Graveyihorstia picta Boie. Monotypically included and desig. by
Viereck, 1914. Dalla Torre (1901) placed Odontopsis in synonymy with
Gravenliorstia, but no species were thereby included, contrary to the statement
of Perkins (1962).

This subgenus is confined to the Mediterranean Basin.

Taxonomy: Perkins. 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 11: 440.

Genus (iRAVENHORSTIA Subgenus ERIGORGUS Foerster

Erigorgus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 146.

Type-species: Anonmlon fibulator Gravenhorst. Desig. by Perkins, 1962 from three
species included by Brischke, 1880.
Syjupratis Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 146.

Type-species: Anovialon fei-rugineiis Norton. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Viereck, 1917.
Paranomalon Viereck, 1912. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 14: 175.

Type-species: Opiiion flavifrons Gravenhorst. Monotypic and orig. desig. See
synonymy of G. (E.) cerinops (Gravenhorst).

This large subgenus is known from all zoogeographic regions except the Ethiopian Region.

Taxonomy: Perkins, 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 11: 422, 455. — Townes, 1971.
Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 17: 133-134.

Gravenhorstia ambigua (Norton)
Mass.

Anomalon ambiguus Norton, 1863. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 1: 362. ♀.

Gravenhorstia cerinops (Gravenhorst)
Greenland?; Eurasia.

Ophion flavifrons Gravenhorst, 1807. Vergl. Uebers. Zool. Systeme, p. 267. Sex not

indicated. Preocc. by Fabricius, 1798.
Anoynalon cerinops Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 658. cJ, 9.
Ophion {Anomalon) pubescens Zetterstedt, 1840. Insecta Lapponica, Hym., p. 393. ♂.

Taxonomy: Holmgren, 1860 (1858). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 2 (8): 20-21 (syn.).
— Lundbeck, 1897 (1896). Dansk Naturhist. For. Kjobenhavn, Vidensk. Meddel. (for 1896),
p. 235 (Greenland record).

Gravenhorstia curta (Norton)
Maine w. to Alta., s. to Ark., Tex., and Colo.

Ano7nalo7i curtus Norton, 1863. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 1: 362. ♂.

Gravenhorstia edwardsii (Cresson)
Southwestern B. C.

Anomalon Edivardsii Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 367. ♀.

Gravenhorstia eureka (Ashmead)
Southwestern S. Dak., Colo., w. Mont, s.w. B. C, s.e. Wash., n.e. Calif.

A7iomalona) eureka Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 423. ♀.

Gravenhorstia ferruginea (Norton)
Tenn., Ga., 111., Tex.

Anomalon ferrugineus Norton, 1863. Ent Soc. Phila., Proc. 1: 363. ♀.

Gravenhorstia neglecta (Morley)
Hudson Bay. The reference by Gauld (1976) to Therion neglectiim (Morley)
was, according to a letter I received from him in 1976, based upon Morley's male from
N. S. The latter was excluded as a syntype by Morley's statement that "four pairs,
including the type, were taken about Hudson's Bay in 1844, except a single male found
... in Nova Scotia." The identification by Townes (1961) was based upon a female syntype
labeled "Hudsons Bay."
Exochiliim neglectum Morley, 1913. Rev. Ichn. Brit. Mus., v. 2, p. 76. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 106. -Gauld, 1976. Brit. Mus. (Nat.

Hist) Ent, Bui. 33: 51.

Gravenhorstia propinqua (Cresson)
Colo.

Anomalon propinquum Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 284. ♂.

Gravenhorstia rotunda (Davis)
Northeastern Kans.

Anomalon rotundus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. En^ Soc, Trans. 24: 360. ♂.



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Gravenhorstia rufula (Provancher)
Que., N. H., Mass., N. Y., Md., n. Va., Ont., Ind.

Anomalon rufulum Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 80. ♀.

Gravenhorstia semirufa (Norton)
Que. w. to s.e. S. Dak., s. to Md., Tenn., and n.e. Kans.

Anomalon semi-nifus Norton, 1863. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 1: 362. ♀.

Gravenhorstia suburbis (Davis)
Northern Idaho.

Anomalon snburbe Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 358. ♂, ♀.

Gravenhorstia xanthopsis (Ashmead)
Colo., w. Mont., n.e. Calif.

Ano7nalon xanthopsis Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 423. ♂.

Genus TRICHOMMA Wesmael

Trichomma Wesmael, 1849. [Brussels] Acad. Roy. de Belg., Bui. 16 (pt. 2): 119, 139.

Type-species: Anomalon (Trichomvxa) fuhndens Wesmael. Monotypic.
Trichomella Szepligeti, 1910. Leyden Mus., Notes 32: 91.

Type-species: Trichomona clavipes Krieger. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.

This moderately large genus is known from all zoogeographic regions except the Ethiopian
Region.

Trichomma enecator (Rossi)
Eurasia. Introduced in N. J. in 1931 without becoming established. Host:

Grapholitha molesta (Bsk.). The host cited was the target species for the releases in N.
J.
Ichneumon Enecator Rossi, 1790. Fauna Etrusca, v. 2, p. 48. ♀.
Trichomma ruficoxis Foerster, 1860. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 17: 149. ♀.

Taxonomy: Krieger, 1904. Ztschr. System. Hym. Dipt. 4: 165-166.

Biology: Rosenberg, 1934. Bui. Ent. Res. 25: 214-217. — Telenga, 1934. Anz. f. Schaedlingsk.
10: 101-106. —Allen, Holloway, and Haeussler, 1940. U. S. Dept. Agr., Cir. 561: 59-60.
— Simmonds, 1944. Sci. Agr. 25: 1-30. — Zech, 1959. Ztschr. f. Angew. Ent. 44: 204.

Trichomma maceratum (Cresson)
Colo., s. Idaho, s.w. Utah, Calif. Host: Etiella zinkenella (Treit.),
Melitara dentata (Grt.), Pima granitellum (Rag.), Barbara colfaxiana taxifoliella
(Bsk.).
Anomalon maceratum Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 368. ♂.
Trichomma granitellae Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 645. ♂.
Trichomma epischniae Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 645. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1951. /w Muesebeck et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2:
396 (syn.).

Trichomma reticulatum Davis
Southwestern Maine, N. Y., N. J., Ohio, s. Mich., e. Mo., n.e. Kans., B. C?
Host: Grapholitha molesta (Bsk.), Melissopus latiferreaniis (Wlsm.), Canarsia
ulmiarrosorella Clem., Nephopteryx subftiscella (Rag.).
Trichomma reticulata Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 361. ♀.

Genus AGRYPON Foerster

Agrypon Foerster, 1860. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 17: 151.

Type-species: Ophion flaveolatum Gravenhorst. Desig. by Morley, 1913.
Trichonotus Cameron, 1905 (July). Roy. Asiatic Soc, Straits Branch, Jour. 44: 124. Preocc.
by Schneider, 1801; Rafinesque, 1815; and Loew, 1857.

Type-species: Trichonotus reticulatus Cameron. Monotypic.
Trichionotus Cameron, 1905 (August). Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 16: 168.

Type-species: Trichionotus reticulatus Cameron. Monotypic. The holotype of the
type-species io also the holotype of Trichonotus reticulatus Cameron.
Odontagrypon Cameron, 1906. So. African Mus., Ann. 5: 90.

Type-species: Odontagrypon spilonotus Cameron. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Agrypon subg. Paragrypon Uchida, 1941. Insecta Matsumurana 15: 159.

Type-species: Gongropelma kikuchii Uchida. Orig. desig.
Dioborus Rao, 1953. Indian Forest Rec, New Ser., Ent. 8: 204.

Type-species: Dioborus indica Rao. Monotypic and orig. desig. The type-species is
regarded as a synonym of A. nox Morley.

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This is a very large genus represented in all zoogeographic regions. The name Labrorychus
was for many years incorrectly applied to a large part of the species in this genus because of an
erroneous type-species designation by Viereck (1914). The names Trichonotus and Trichionotus
were more recently applied to most of the species which had been in Labrorychus auct., but
Gauld (1976) has suppressed them as synonyms of Agrypon. Gauld apparently did not know
more than a few species intermediate between Agrypon and Trichionotus, but the discussion by
Schmid (1970, p. 1539) appears to support Gauld's suppression of Trichionotus.

Taxonomy: Viereck, 1914. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 83: 80. — Townes, 1957. Ent. Soc. Wash.,
Proc. 63: 115 (syn.). —Townes, Townes, and Gupta, 1961. Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 1: 311,
316 (syn.). —Perkins, 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 11: 433-434 (type-species
correction). —Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 373, 374 (syn.).
— Walkley, 1967. In Krombein, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, sup. 2, p. 211 (homonymy
Tricho7iotuH). —Schmid, 1970. Canad. Ent. 102: 1539-1541. —Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent.
Inst., Mem. 17: 141-142, 143-144. -Gauld, 1976. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 33: 66-68,
70. -

Agrypon aestivale (Viereck)
n. comb. Mass., N. Y., Md., n. Va. Host: Archips fervidanus (Clem.). 1

Labrorychus aestivalis Viereck, 1921. Psyche 28: 79. ♀.
alpinum (Davis), n. comb. N. Y., Ont., Mich., Wis.?, Sask., Colo., Idaho. Host: Thymelicus
lineola (Ochs.)?, Choristoneura pinus Free.?
Anomalon alpinus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 360. ♀.

Agrypon anale (Say)
n. comb. Que. w. to Wash., s. to D. C. and s. 111. Host: Orgyia leticostigma (J. E.
S.), Malacosoma americanuni (P.), M. califoniicuni fragile (Str.), M. disstria Hbn.,
Ichthyura inclusa Hbn., Cycnia tenera Hbn.
Ophion analis Say, 1829. Contrib. Maclurian Lyceum to Arts and Sci. 1: 75. ♀.

Taxonomy: Cushman and Gahan, 1921. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 23: 168.

Agrypon boreale Ashmead
restored comb. East-central B. C?

Agrypon boreale Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 424. 9. The label of the
holotype reads: "Ft. McLeod, Brit. Amer.; Aug., 1882." British America being
synonymous with Canada, it is not altogether certain that the type-locality is Ft.
McLeod, B. C. rather than Ft. Macleod in southern Alta. (the latter being spelled [or
misspelled] McLeod in an 1886 Atlas belonging to me). The two places should be
different enough ecologically for this question to be resolved with relative certainty.

Agrypon canadense (Provancher)
n. comb. Que.

Anomalon canadensis Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 175. ♀.

Taxonomy: Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 439-440 (lectotype selected).
carinifer Schmid. Colo., s.w. Alta., s. B. C, n.e. Calif.

Agrypon carinifer Schmid, 1970. Canad. Ent. 102: 1540. ♂, ♀.

Agrypon chlamidiatum (Provancher)
n. comb. Que., Maine?, N. H.?

Anomalon chlamidiatum Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 82. ♀.
Atrometus flavifrons Ashmead, 1902. hi Slosson, Ent. News 13: 6. Nomen nudum.

Agrypon filiforme (Provancher)
n. comb. Que.

Anomalon filifonne Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 83. 9 {6
misdet.?).

Agrypon flaveolatum (Gravenhorst)
N. S.?; Eurasia. A species identified as A. flaveolatum was

introduced in N. S. from 1956 through 1958, and A. flaveolatum has been reported as
being established there. Host: Operophtera bruniata (L.). Schmid (1970) stated that
Agrypon provancheri (Dalla Torre) may be a subspecies or synonym of A. Jlaveolat^nn;
therefore, it needs to be corroborated that the species that is said to have been
recovered in N. S. is not the one that had already been there prior to any releases of
individuals from Europe, or, otherwise, that the introduced species really is A.
flaveolatum. The host cited was the target species for releases in N. S. of the species
identified as A. flaveolatum.
Ichneumon auricapillus Gmelin, 1790. In Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 13, v. 1, pt. 5, p. 2699.

Sex not indicated. Syn.?
Ophion flaveolatum Gravenhorst, 1807. Vergl. Uebers. Zool. Systeme, p. 268. [male?].




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Ichneumon laedator Hhwnberg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem. 8:

264; 9: 318. [female].
Ichneumon cribrator Thunherg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem. 8:

264; 9: 318. [male].
Anomalon septentrionale Holmgren, 1857. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad., Ofvers. af ... Forhandl.

14: 179. (J, 9.

Taxonomy: Thomson, 1892. Opusc. Ent. 16: 1771 (syn.). —Roman, 1912. Zool. Bidr. Uppsala 1:
248, 261 (syn.). -Schmid, 1970. Canad. Ent. 102: 1541.

Biology: McGugan and Coppel, 1962. Commonwealth Inst. Biol. Control, Tech. Commun. 2:
65. — Embree, 1966. Canad. Ent. 98: 1160. — Embree, 1971. Commonwealth Inst. Biol.
Contr., Tech. Commun. 4: 168, 169-170.

Agrypon melleum (Cresson)
R. I., Md., Va., Tex. Ecology: Occurs in "overgrown fields."

Anomalon melleum Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 171. ♀.

Agrypon metallicum (Norton)
Mass., R. I., Mich.

Anomalon metalUcus Norton, 1863. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 1: 364. ♀.

Agrypon prismaticum (Norton)
n. comb. N. B.?, Que.?, Maine?, N. H.?, Vt.?, Mass., Conn., Ont.?, Ohio?,
Minn.? Host: Ostrinia nubilalis (Hbn.)?, 0. pe^iitalis (Grt.)?, Archips cerasivoranus
(Fitch)? The host and distribution data added by Walkley (1967) are based on specimens
in the U. S. Natl. Museum collection. I have queried all of these because I do not feel
assured that there is any material in the U. S. Natl. Museum collection which is reliably
identified as A. prifimaticnm.
Anomalon pristnaticus Norton, 1863. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 1: 364. ♀.

Taxonomy: Walkley, 1967. In Krombein, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, sup. 2, p. 211.

Agrypon provancheri (Dalla Torre)
N. S. w. to s.e. Alaska, s. to n. Ga., Iowa, Colo., Ariz., and Calif.
Host: Melanolophia imitata (Wlk.), Operophtera bniceata (Hulst). No host data were
cited by Schmid (1970).
A7iomalon unicolor Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 82. ♀.

Preocc. by Ratzeburg, 1874.
Anomalon Provancheri Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 169. N. name for Anomalon

unicolor Provancher.
Atrometus alaske7isis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 233. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Walkley, 1958. In Krombein et ai, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, sup. 1, p. 61.
—Schmid, 1970. Canad. Ent. 102: 1540-1541.

Agrypon pseudargioli (Howard)
Mass., R. I., Conn., W. Va. Host: Celastrina pseudargiolus (B. and L.),
Strymon melinus (Hbn.).
Anomalon pseudargioli Howard, 1889. In Scudder, Butterflies of East. U. S., v. 3, p. 1881. ♀.

Genus PARANIA Morley

Paraiiia Morley, 1913. Rev. Ichn. Brit. Mus., v. 2, p. 96.

Type-species: Parania nototrachoides Morley. Monotypic. The type-species is
regarded as a synonym of P. tricolor (Szepligeti).

This is a small Neotropic, Holarctic, Oriental, and Ethiopian genus. Until recently the name
Atrometus was incorrectly applied to this genus.

Revision: Schmid, 1969. Canad. Ent. 101: 778-784.

Taxonomy: Townes, Townes, and Gupta, 1961. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 1: 315-316 (syn.).
— Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 144-145, 153. — Gauld, 1976. Brit. Mus. (Nat.
Hist.) Ent., Bui. 33: 70-71.

Parania badia (Schmid)
Mass., Conn., N. Y., Ohio, s. Mich., w. N. Dak. Host: Archips argyrospiUis
(Wlk.).
Atrometus badius Schmid, 1969. Canad. Ent. 101: 779. ♂, ♀.

Parania geniculata (Holmgren)
N. S. w. to w.-cent. B. C, s. to n. Ga., Kans., s.w. N. Mex., and s. Calif.;
Europe. Host: Psilcorsis sp., Homadaula anisocentra (Meyr.), Acleris variana (Fern.),




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Argyrotaenia veiutinana (Wlk.), Choristoneum fuiniferana (Clem.), C. lambertiana
(Bsk.), Anchylopera nubeculana Clem., Ancylis comptana (Froel.), Grapholitha molesta
(Bsk.), Plianeta aniphomna (Wlsm.), Rhyacionia bnoliana (D. and S.), R.fritstm>ia
buslnielli (Bsk.), R.f.frustrana (Comst.), R. neoniexicana (Dyar), Spilonota ocellaua (D.
and S.), Strepsicrate.H s»iitliiana (Wlsm.), Anarsia lineatella Zell., Amga
trialba))iaculella (Chamb.), Acwbasis rubrifasciella Pack., Dioryctria reniculella (Grt.),
Osfrinia nubilalis (Hbn.), Eublemma mininnim (Gn.).

Anomalon genicidatiuu Holmgren, 1857. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad., Ofvers. af ... Forhandl.
14: 182. ♂, ♀.

Angitia paediscae Riley, 1890. In Riley and Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insert Life 3: 156.
Nomen nudum.

Agrypon paediacae Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 190, errata. 6, 9. The
spelling praediscae appears on p. 190 and the correction paediscae appears in the errata,
the errata evidently being published at the same time as the rest of the paper. The
lectotype selected by Schmid (1969) is here rejected because it was not one of
Ashmead's syntypes. Although Ashmead's syntypes included several specimens from
Fortress Monroe (=Fort Monroe, Hampton), Va., it was indicated by Ashmead that they
were specimens labeled 3422 with the superscript 01. Notes in the U. S. Natl. Museum
under that Bureau of Entomology number indicate that specimens so labeled were
reared from the olethreutid Strepsicrates sniitliiana collected at Ft. Monroe on Myrica
cerifera, but that Bureau number does not apply to specimens reared from other hosts.
The specimen here rejected as lectotype is labeled as being reared from a lepidopteran
on roots of grass. Among the labels of the female specimen here selected as lectotype
are Ashmead's handwritten identification label and a label bearing the aforementioned
Bureau of Entomology number and the date "10/7, 84" (i.e. July 10, 1884).

Anomalon clavipes Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 359. ♂.

Podogatiter evetrivorus Rohwer, 1914. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 16: 142. ♂, ♀.

Parania obscura (Schmid)
n. status. South-cent. Ariz. If this taxon proves to be conspecific with
geniailata, it would almost certainly be better treated as a synonym of geniculata
rather than as a subspecies thereof.

Atrometus getiiculatus obscunis Schmid, 1969. Canad. Ent. 101: 783. ♂, ♀.

Genus METOA Townes

Metoa Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 147.

Type-species: Anomalo7i exile Provancher. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is a Nearctic genus. Townes said that he had seen eight species.

Metoa exilis (Provancher)
Que. s. to N. C, w. to Mich. Several host records were published in 1898
and 1911, but I suspect that they involve misidentifications oi Anoinaloji exile and
doubt that they would pertain to any species of Metoa.
Anomalon exile Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 175. ♀.

Metoa verbosa (Cresson)
n. comb. Western Oreg. s. to s. Calif.

Ayiomalon verbosuin Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 368. ♂, ♀.

Genus CALCANEUM Townes

Calcaneum Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 145.

Type-species: Calcaneum oporinum Townes. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is a Nearctic genus. Specimens which I have seen from N. Mex. and s.e. Wash, appear to
represent an undescribed species, and thus it appears that there are at least two species in the
genus.

Calcaneum oporinum Townes
Conn., N. Y., N. J., Md., Va. Ecology: Occurs in fall in fields.
Calcaneum oporinum Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 146. ♂, ♀.

Genus OPHIONELLUS Westwood

Pharsalia Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 177. Preocc. by Thomson, 1864.
Type-species: Pharsalia texana Cresson. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.



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Ophionellus Westwood, 1874. Thesaurus Ent. Oxon., p. 128.

Type-species: Ophionellus fragilis Westwood. Monotypic.
Hymenopharsalia Morley, 1913. Rev. Ichn. Brit. Mus., v. 2, p. 97. N. name for Pharsalia

Cresson. The volume in which Morley proposed this name was received by the

Smithsonian Institution on May 2, 1913.
Parophionellus Brues and Richardson, 1913. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 32: 495.

Unnecessary n. name for Pharsalia Cresson. The paper in which this name was

proposed is dated Oct. 7, 1913 and was received at the Smithsonian Institution on Oct.

11, 1913.

This large genus is confined to the New World, most of the species being Neotropic.

Revision: Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 60 (21): 14-20.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. See, Mem. 11: 710 (syn.). — Gauld, 1976. Brit. Mus.
(Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 33: 82-84.

Ophionellus bridwelli (Cushman)
Md., n. Va., S. C.

Hymenopharsalia bridivelli Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 60 (21): 19. ♀.

Ophionellus foutsi (Cushman)
Que., Maine, Mass., N. Y., Pa., Md., Ind., Mo., Mont., Ariz. Host: Honiadaiila
anisocentra (Meyr.), Episinius argutanus (Clem.), Arogalea cristifasciella (Chamb.),
gelechiid on Salix.
Hymenopharsalia foutsi Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 60 (21): 18. ♀.

Ophionellus texanus (Cresson)
S. C, Ga., Kans., Tex., N. Mex., Calif.; Mexico.

Pharsalia texana Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 177. ♀.

Ophionellus virginiensis (Cresson)
N. Y., Md., D. C, Va., W. Va., S. C, Ind., Mo.

Pharsalia virginiensis Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 177. "♂"=♀.

Genus OPHIOPTERUS Brulle

Ophiopterus Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 153.

Type-species: Ophiopterus coarctatus Brulle. Monotypic.
OphionoptenisV.) Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 87, 180, 215.
Ophionopterus Schulz, 1906. Spolia Hym., p. 96. Emend.

Ophionopterus Morley, 1912. Rev. Ichn. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 66. Emend. Preocc. by Schulz,
1906.

This is a small genus of Neotropic and Nearctic distribution.

Ophiopterus cincticornis (Cresson)
D. C, S. C, Ga., 111., Tex.; Puerto Rico, Cuba, Mexico.

Trachynotus ci7icticoniis Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 49. ♂, ♀.
Ophiopterus ferrugineus Cresson, 1873. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 25: 380. ♀.
Nototrachysd) annulicomis Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 422. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 711 (syn.).

Unplaced Taxa of Gravenhorstiini

Anomalon exnifum Walkley, 1958. In Krombein et ai, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, sup. 1,
p. 62. N. name for Anomalon rufus Provancher (which see).

Anomalon nigrituw Norton, 1863. Ent. Soc Phila., Proc. 1: 363. 6. Mass. Gauld's (1976)

placement of this species in Gravenhorstia (Erigorgus) was based upon a specimen from
Mexico identified as A. nigrituni by Morley (1913). Morley's identification could not
serve to fix the identity of A. nigrituni (the holotype of which is lost) unless it can be
shown (1) that Morley's Mexican species also occurs in Mass. and (2) that specimens
from Mass. also agree with Norton's description (the combination seeming very
improbable).

Ta.xonomy: Morley, 1913. Rev. Ich. Brit. Mus., v. 2, p. 86. —Gauld, 1976. Brit. Mus. (Nat.
Hist.) Ent., Bui. 33: 61.
Anomalon nigro-variuui Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 172. ♀.
I'Amerique sept.; Bastard. The holotype has not been found.

Taxonomy: Norton, 1863. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc 1: 359. —Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc Wash.,
Proc. 63: 104 (search for holotype).




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Anomalon rufns Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 174. 9. Que. Preocc. by Anomalon nifum

Holmgren, 1857; replaced by Anonialon exrufum Walkley (which see). Barron (1975) did
not find the holotype, but thought there was strong evidence that the holotype would be
a species of Tricliionotus.

Taxonomy: Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 556-557.
Anomalon viviun Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 368. 9. Oreg. No type
specimen was found by Cresson (1916).

Taxonomy: Cresson, 1916. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 1: 63.

Tribe ANOMALONINI

This tribe includes only two genera, Anomalon and Neogreeneia.

Genus ANOMALON Panzer

Anomalon Jurine, 1801. In Panzer, Litteratur-Ztg. Erlangen, Intelligenzbl. 1: 163. Nomen

nudum.
Anomalon Panzer, 1804. Faunae Ins. German., heft 94, pi. 15.

Type-species: Anomalon cnientatus Panzer. Monotypic. The type-species is here
regarded as a synonym of ^4. cnientatum (Geoffroy), n. comb.
Trachynotus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 713. Preocc. by Latreille, 1829
(April).

Type-species: Opiiion foliator Fabricius. Monotypic. The type-species is here
regarded as a synonym of A. cnientatutn (Geoffroy).
Ochlerus Gistel, 1848. Naturgesch. Thierreichs f. hoehere Schulen, p. xi. N. name for

Trachijnotus Gravenhorst. Preocc. by Spinola, 1837.
Nototrachys Marshall, 1872. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 20: 259. N. name for Trachynotus

Gravenhorst.
Ophioneura Cameron, 1904. Albany Mus., Rec. 1: 174.

Type-species: Ophioneura flavomaciilata Cameron. Monotypic.
Stidophion Cameron, 1906. So. African Mus., Ann. 5: 85.

Type-species: Stictophion rufipes Cameron. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Erythrophion Cameron, 1906. So. African Mus., Ann. 5: 87.

Type-species: Erythrophion femniginens Cameron. Monotypic. The type-species is
regarded as a synonym of A. rufipes (Cameron).
Anomalum Schulz, 1906. Spolia Hym., p. 96. Emend.
Trachyopterus Morley, 1912. Rev. Ichn. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 67.

Type-species: Trachyopterus primus Morley. Monotypic.
Pseudonototrachys Meyer, 1930. Konowia 9: 221.

Type-species: Pseudonototrachys pallidus Meyer. Monotypic. The type-species is
regarded as a synonym of A. kozlovi (Kokujev).
Microcremastus Hedwig, 1961. Beitr. z. Naturkundlichen Forsch. Suedwestdeut. 19: 292.
Type-species: Microcremastus amseli Hedwig. Monotypic and desig. by Townes,
1971. The included taxa were M. amseli and M. aynseli "f.flavus" Hedwig; for
those who consider the latter to be an unavailable name, M. amseli is the
type-species by monotypy.

This is a very large genus, known from all zoogeographic regions. As far as is known, the
usual hosts are soil-dwelling larvae of Coleoptera, but an undescribed species from Maryland has
been reared by Dr. J. F. G. Clarke from an undescribed species of Exartema (Lepidoptera:
Olethreutidae) which in turn was reared from the seed heads of an unidentified species of an-
nual plant which was growing in a swampy area where the basal portions of the plants were sub-
merged in water. Oddly enough, this new species oi Anomalon from Maryland is virtually in-
distinguishable from Anomalon califomicum (Cresson), which is known to me from Hawaii and
California (as far north as San Francisco) and apparently is found in relatively dry habitats.

califomicum (Cresson). N. Mex.?, Ariz.?, mid-coastal and s. Calif.; Hawaii. The N. Mex. and

Ariz, records are cited with a query because it appears that, as with ejuncidum (Say), a




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number of species have been confused under the name californicum (also see

introduction to Anomalon).
Nototrachys califomicus Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 366. ♀.

Anomalon canadense (Provancher)
revised status. Que. Cushman and Gahan (1921) suppressed

Anomalon canadense
***authority mismatch
as a synonym of ejiincidum (which see).
Trachynohis Canadensis Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11 (no. 126): 119. ♀. Preocc. in

Anomalon by Agrypon canadense (Provancher), 1874.

Taxonomy: Cushman and Gahan, 1921. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 23: 156 (syn.).

Anomalon ejuncidum Say
"United States." It is my opinion that perhaps as many as ten species have
been confused under this name; therefore, I have resurrected the names suppressed as
synonyms of ejuncidum by Cushman and Gahan (1921) and Townes (1945) and leave it
to a revisor to determine the application of the name ejuncidum.
Anomalon ejuncidus Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 233, 241-242. ♀.

Taxonomy: Cushman and Gahan, 1921. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 23: 156. —Townes, 1945. Amer.
Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 708-709 (syn.).

Anomalon fuscatum (Cresson)
revised status. Fla.; Cuba. Townes (1945) suppressed ficscatum as a
synonym of ejuncidum (which see).
Trachynohis fuscatus Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 50.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 708 (syn.).

Anomalon reticulatum (Cresson)
Colo. It is my opinion that, as with califomicuvi and ejuncidum, a
number of species have been confused under the name reticulatuvi; therefore, for
distribution I have cited only the type locality.
Trachynotus reticulatus Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 285. ♂.

Anomalon texanum (Cresson)
revised status. Central Tex. Cushman and Gahan (1921) suppressed

Anomalon texanum
***authority mismatch
as a synonym of ejuncidum (which see).
Trachynotus texanus Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 169. ♀.

Taxonomy: Cushman and Gahan, 1921. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 23: 156.

Genus NEOGREENEIA Viereck

Neogreeneia Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 641.

Type-species: Neogreeneia picticomis Viereck. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is a small Nearctic and Neotropic genus. No hosts are known. Townes (1971) believed
that Neogreeneia represents little more than a distinct species group of the genus Anomalon.
Despite his decided lumping tendency, Gauld (1976) retained Neogreeneia as a valid genus.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 17: 124, 125-126. —Gauld, 1976. Brit. Mus.
(Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 33: 88.

Neogreeneia picticornis Viereck
N. Y. w. to s. Mich., s. to s. Fla. and n.e. Tex.

Neogreeneia picticomis Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 42: 641. ♀.

Subfamily CAMPOPLEGINAE

This large subfamily is represented by three tribes, Nonnini, Hellwigiini, and Campoplegini.
The latter tribe includes the vast majority of genera and species of Campopleginae and is the
only tribe represented in America north of Mexico.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 13: 143-193 (genera of world as "Porizontinae").

Tribe CAMPOPLEGINI

Townes (1961) subdivided the Campoplegini into two tribes, and Townes (1970), 1971) main-
tained the same tribal classification. I do not feel that this classification has any particular prac-
tical or phyletic merit, and, therefore, recognize only a single tribe here.

The Campoplegini are internal parasites of the larvae (cf. Campoplex) of Lepidoptera,
Symphyta, and Coleoptera. Campoplegine parasites of Symphyta and Coleoptera are far less nu-




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merous than those of Lepidoptera.

The genric classification adopted here is largely in agreement with that of Townes (1970). The
few departures from that classification which are not based on more recent publications reflect
my own thinking and predjudices regarding Campoplegini and the generic category in general.

Revision: Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57: 176-181, 198-204, 223-228, 296-303; 58: 2-8,
30-38, 71-78, 122-130, 143-149, 176-182, 196-201, 219-225, 257-260, 276-283 (revision mostly
of specimens in Canad. Natl, collection; systematically unsound and not usable for
identification).

Taxonomy: Townes, 1961. In Townes, Townes, and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 1: 449-451.
—Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 148-193 (genera of world). —Townes,
1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 241. — Finlayson, 1975. Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 94: 137 p.
(final-instar larvae of most genera in North America which have been reared).

Genus SINOPHORUS Foerster

Sinophorus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 153.

Type-species: Limneria (Sinophorus) canarsiae Ashmead. By subsequent monotypy
from inclusion by Ashmead, 1898.
Eulimneria Schmiedeknecht, 1907. Hym. Mitteleuropas, p. 600.

Type-species: Icfnieumon albidus Gmelin. Desig. by Morley, 1913.
Campoplex subg. Campoletidea Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 634. N. syn.

Type-species: Campoplex (Campoletidea) caradriyiae Viereck. Monotypic and orig.
desig.

This moderately large genus is somewhat arbitrarily delineated from Campoplex. It is
Neotropic, Holarctic, and Oriental, with the great majority of species occuring in the Holarctic
Region. The species apparently occur in grasslands or sparsely wooded areas. The hosts are
various Lepidoptera.

Sinophorus albicinctus (Viereck)
n. comb. N. J.?, e. N. C.?, Sask., Colo., s.e. Wyo., s. Alta., s. B. C. Ecology:
One of the specimens in the U. S. Natl. Museum collection was collected in the Rocky
Mountains of Wyoming at an elevation of 9600 ft.
Pyracmon albicinctum Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 180 (key); 58 (1): 4. ♂, ♀.

Sinophorus alkae (Ellinger and Sachtleben)
Eurasia. Introduced in Mass., Conn., R. I., N. Y., Pa., Ont.,
Ohio, and Mich, between 1920 and 1933; reported as recovered in Mass. and Mich, by
Jones (1929), but apparently not established in any of the release areas. Host: Ostrinia
nubilalis (Hbn.). In literature published before the description of alkae in 1928 and in
some literature for more than ten years thereafter, the species was misidentified as

Sinophorus crassifemur (Thomson)
Dr. R. I. Sailer (see Syme, 1971) is of the opinion that alkae is
conspecific with nififemiir (Thomson), but I was unable to verify this by examining the
rufifemur type. Material reared from both Ostrinia iiubilalis and Rhyacionia buoliana
(D. and S.) at the same locality would undoubtedly be very helpful in the solution of this
question.
Limnerium alkae Ellinger and Sachtleben, 1928. Internatl. Corn Borer Invest., Sci. Rpts.
1: 115. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Ellinger and Sachtleben, 1929. Internatl. Corn Borer Invest., Sci. Rpts. 2: 63-64.
— Aubert, 1959 (1958). Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. 127: 160. — Oehlke, 1963. Beitr. z. Ent. 13:
403 (lectotype selection). —Syme, 1971. Commonwealth Inst. Biol. Control (Trinidad), Tech.
Commun. 4: 196 (footnote).

Biology: Paillot, 1928. Internatl. Corn Borer Invest., Sci. Rpts. 1: 83-91. —Jones, 1929. U. S.
Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 98: 3, 24-27 (as crassifemur). —Thompson and Parker, 1930. Jour.
Agr. Res. 40: 321-345 (as crassifeynur). — Goidanich, 1931. R. 1st. Super. Agr., Lab. di
Ent., Bol. 4: 106-113. —Baker and Arbuthnot, 1933. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 26: 297-302 (as
crassifemur). —Clark, 1934. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 455: 11, 20, 27, 31. —Baker,
Bradley, and Clark, 1949. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 983: 6, 8, 133-137, 141. -Adlung,
1963. Anz. f. Schaedlingsk. 36: 174.




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Sinophorus caradrinae (Viereck)
n. comb. Southeastern Colo. Host: Spodoptera exigua (Hbn.)? Known to
me only from the holotype and one other specimen, the former labeled as reared from S.
exigua (as "Caradrina exigua") collected at Rocky Ford, Colo. The host record is
queried because S. exigua is a much reared species, and it seems to me, therefore, that

Sinophorus caradrinae
***authority mismatch
may have been reared from some other noctuid which was misidentified as
exigua.

Campoplex (Campoletidea) caradrinae Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 634. ♂.

Sinophorus eruficinctus (Walkley)
Southwestern N. Dak., Nebr., n.e. Kans., n.w. Tex., Sask., s. Alta., n.
Utah, s. Ariz. Host: Heliothis oninis (D. and S.), H. zea (Bod.).

Pyracmoii nificinctum Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 180 (key); 58 (1): 5. ♂.
Formerly preocc. in Campoplex by Gravenhorst, 1829.

Campoplex eruficinctus Walkley, 1958. In Krombein et ai, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog.
2, sup. 1, p. 59. N. name for P. nificinctum Viereck.

Taxonomy: Finlayson, 1975. Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 94: 21, 92, 135 (final-instar larva).
funis (Cresson), n. comb. N. Y. w. to Mich., s. to e. N. C. and Tex.
Limneria fura Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 173. ♀.
Limneria melanocoxa Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 430. 9. The

holotype is the same specimen as the holotype of funis.
Limnerium melanocoxum Dalla Torre, 1901. C^at. Hym., v. 3, p. 99. Emend.

Sinophorus popofensis (Ashmead)
n. comb. Southwestern Alaska. Known to me only from the Shumagin
Islands (Popof Isl.) and Pribilof Islands (St. Paul Isl.), Alaska.
Zachresta popofen.fis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 234. ♂.
rufifemur (Thomson). Eurasia. Introduced in Ont. in 1935 and 1955 through 1958; none of the
suspected recoveries have been confirmed by identification of reared adult specimens
(see Syme, 1971). Host: Rhyacionia buoliana (D. and S.). The host cited was the target
species for releases of nififemur in Ont.
Limneria rw/j/e?/) it r Thomson, 1887. Opusc. Ent. 11: 1106. [male, female].

Biology: Thorpe, 1930. Bui. Ent. Res. 21: 394. —Thorpe, 1932. Parasitology 24: 107-110.

—Thorpe and Caudle, 1939. Parasitology 30: 525, 527-528. -Juillet, 1959. Canad. Ent. 91:

713-716. — Wylie, 1960. Entomophaga 5: 119. — Pschorn-Walcher, 1960. Pflanzenschutz 25:

17. -Adlung and Sailer, 1963. AUg. Forst-u. Jagdztg. 134: 231, 233. -Schindler, 1965.

Ztschr. f. Angew. Ent. 55: 356. — Eichorn, Pschorn-Walcher, and Schroeder, 1965. Anz. f.

Schaedlingsk. 38: 107.

Sinophorus sulcatellus (Viereck)
n. comb. Southern Sask., Wyo., s. Alta., w. Wash., n. Calif. Host:
Loxostege sp., L. sticticalis (L.).

Campoplex (Campoplex) sulcatellus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 225 (key); 58
(5): 130. ♀.

Sinophorus validus (Cresson)
N. S. w. to s. B. C, s. to e. N. C, n.e. Kans., and n. N. Mex. Host:

Macrobotys theseusalis (Wlk.), Nephopteryx uvinellaiRag.), Psorosina haminondi
(Riley), Saucrobotys futilalis (Led.), Plathypena scabra (F.), Hyphantria cunea (Drury),
H. textor Harris, Grapholitha molesta (Bsk.), Acleris minuta (Rob.). With the exception
of Psorosina hammondi and Acleris minuta (the hosts of type-specimens of synonyms
cited below), I have listed only hosts from labels of specimens which I have identified as
validus. Some of the host records reported in the literature pertain to misidentified
specimens in the U. S. Natl. Museum collection.

Mesoleptusf validxis Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 258. ♂, ♀.

Mesoleptus montanus Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 261. ♀. Preocc. by
Gravenhorst, 1829.

Limneria excavata Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 146. ♀.

Limneria teratis Weed, 1887. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Bui. 3: 40. ♀.

Limneria {Sinophonis) canarsiae Ashmead, 1898 (1897). Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 4: 126. ♀.

Limneria tristis{\) Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 105. Lapsus for L. teratis Weed;
also transferred to Limnerium as triste(!).

Amorphota angusta Viereck, 1906. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 32: 180. ♀.

Campoplex (Ecphora) canadensis Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 203 (key); 58
(11): 282. ♀.




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Campoplex (Campoplex) juxtus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 226 (iiey); 58 (6): 147. ♀.
Campoplex (Campoplex) militaris Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 226 (key); 58 (6): 147. ♀.

Biology: Timberlake, 1912. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 19: 71-92. -Tothill, 1922.
Canad. Dept. Agr., Bui. (n. s.) 3: 74-76. -Morris, 1964. Canad. Ent. 96: 364, 365, 366-367.
—Morris, 1976. Canad. Ent. 108: 834, 835, 836.

Morphology: Cushman, 1926. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 28: 43 (first instar larva).

Sinophorus xanthostomus (Gravenhorst)
Eurasia; n. Africa. Reported as introduced in Orange Co., Calif,
(apparently in 1948) without becoming established (see Clausen, 1956). No "voucher"
specimens are present in the U. S. Natl. Museum collection; hence, I do not feel certain
that the species released in Calif, was really S. xanthostomus or even a species of
Sinophonis. The target species for the release of xantlistovius in Calif, was the native
Paramyelois transitella (Wlk.).
Campoplex xanthostomus Gravenhorst 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 460. ♂.
Campoplex deserticola Tosquinet, 1896. Soc. Ent. de Belg., Mem. 5: 412. ♂.

Taxonomy: Aubert, 1964. Soc. Ent. de France, Bui. 69: 159. — Townes, Momoi, and Townes,
1965. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 274 (lectotype selected). — Shaumar, 1966. Entomophaga
11: 458, 461 (syn.).

Biology: Clausen, 1956. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1139: 23.

Genus SESIOPLEX Viereck

Campoplex subg. Sesioplex Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 644.

Type-species: Campoplex (Sesioplex) depressus Viereck. Monotypic and orig. desig.

Dr. Klaus Horstmann (personal commun., 1976) told me that he knew a European species
which may be referable to Sesioplex, but depressus is the only species known to me. The name
Sesioplex is here resurrected from synonymy because depressiis has structural characteristics
which make it a misfit in Campoplex or Sinophorus.

Sesioplex depressus (Viereck)
Que. w. to Iowa, s. to n. Ga. and n.e. Kans. Host: Gnorimoschema
gallaesolidaginis (Riley).

Campoplex (Sesioplex) depressus Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 644. 9. The
holotype is labeled as follows: "from F. M. Webster; Feb. 3, [18]87; Par[asite] on
Gelechia solidaginis; iss[ued] March 25, [18]87." This is certainly the specimen which
Riley and Howard (1890) identified as "Limneria dimidiatus Cr[esson]," from
"LaFayette, Ind., March 25, 1887." Because Webster was never stationed in La.,
Viereck's statement that the type locality is "Louisiana" is erroneous.

Sesioplex relativus Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 177 (key); 57 (12): 298. ♀.

Taxonomy: Riley and Howard, 1890. U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 3: 157.
Biology: Miller, 1963. Ohio Jour. Sci. 63: 71.

Genus CAMPOPLEX Gravenhorst

Campoplex Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 453.

Type-species: Ichneumon difformis Gmelin. Desig. by Westwood, 1840.
Dioratica Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 153.

Type-species: Porizon borealis Zetterstedt. Monotypically included and desig. by
Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965.
Omorgus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 153.

Type-species: Limneria mutabilis Holmgren. Desig. by Viereck, 1912 from 32
species included by Thomson, 1887. Horstmann (1969) suppressed mtitabilis as a
synonym of diffonn is (Gmelin).
Omorga Thomson, 1887. Opusc. Ent. 11: 1052, 1125. Emend.

Zatranosema Viereck, 1912. Ent. News 23: 45. Placed with a query as a synonym of
Campoplex by Townes (1970). Proposed as a "new name" for Tranosema Foerster in
the sense of Szepligeti as opposed to the sense of Thomson (see Tranosema).




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Type-species: Trayiosema bicolor Szepligeti. Monotypic. Szepligeti (1911) applied the
name Tranosema to tiiree species, but two of them were placed in Tranoseiua
with a query; therefore Zatranosema is monotypic.
Casinaria subg. Pseuderipternoides Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist.
Survey Bui. 22: 269.

Type-species: Mesoleptus porrectus Cresson. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This very large genus has a worldwide distribution. The hosts are principally microlepidoptera
which feed in concealment (such as in leaf rolls, cases, buds, etc.). As with most Campoplegini,
some Campoplex species apparently kill their hosts while the latter are in the larval stage and
spin a cocoon after emerging from the host, but in an undetermined proportion of Campoplex
species the cocoon is spun inside the pupal shell of the host. The latter is also the case for some
(but definitely not all) species of Venturia. Dr. Klaus Horstmann is preparing a revision of the
western Palearctic species of Campoplex.

Taxonomy: Szepligeti, 1911. /)/ Wytsman, Gen. Ins., fasc. 114, p. 30. —Horstmann, 1969
(1968). Opusc. Zool. 102: 1. -Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 151-152.
annularis Viereck. R. I., N. Y., N. J., Ont.

Campoplex (Campoplex) angularis Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 226 (key); 58
(6): 148. ♂, ♀.

Campoplex argenteus (Provancher)
Que. w. to s. B. C, s. to n.w. S. C. Host: Epiblerna strenuanum (Wlk.).
Limneria argentea Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 147. ♀.
Campoplex (Campoplex) Ontario Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 226 (key); 58 (6):

148. ♀.

Campoplex atridens Townes
N. Y., Pa., Ont., Ohio, Mich., Iowa, Colo., Mont, Idaho, Wash., Oreg. Host:
Ancylis co)npta>ia (Froel.), Evora hemidesma (Zell.), Archips argyrospilus (Wlk.).

Campoplex (Campoplex) erythromera Viereck, 1925 (Sept.); 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 226
(key); 58 (6): 146. ♂. Preocc. in Campoplex by Viereck, 1925 (July).

Campoplex atridens Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 593. N. name for C. (C.)

Campoplex erythromera Viereck

Campoplex brachyurus Viereck
Que., N. H., Ont., Wis. Host: Buccidatrix canade)ifiisella Chamb.

Zaporus minutiis Ashmead, 1902. In Slosson, Ent. News 13: 321. Nomen nudum.

Nytlwbia minuta Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (8): 19. ♀. Preocc. in
Campoplex by Dusona minuta (Holmgren), 1856; because of the homonymy, I had
intended that N. minuta be newly suppressed here as a synonym of brachyurus even
though I have seen only four specimens (including the two holotypes) and do not feel
absoultely certain about the correctness of the synonymy. Because of a
misunderstanding, the synonymy was published by Finlayson (1975).

Nevieritis brachyurus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 178 (key); 58 (7): 178. 9. In
the 1926 portion of Viereck's paper as "Campoplex (Nemeritis) brachyurus."

Taxonomy: Finlayson, 1975. Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 94: 16, 19-20, 91, 135 (final-instar larva).

Campoplex cavus Viereck
Ont.

Campoplex (Campoplex) cavus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 226 (key); 58 (6):

149. ♀.

Campoplex conocola (Rohwer)
Eastern Ont. w. to B. C, s. to n. Fla., Ark., and s. Calif. Ecology:

Parasitizes a variety of microlepidoptera which feed on Pinaceae, especially cone borers,
but also species which feed in small branches or bark. Host: Barbara colfaxiana
taxifoliella (Bsk.), Laspeyresia fletcherana Kft, Petrova albicapitana (Bsk.), Rhyacionia
zozana (Kft.), Dioryctria aniatella (Hulst), D. clarioralis (Wkl.), D. zimmermaujii (Grt.),
Tetralopha robustella Zell.?, Synanthedon novaroensis (Hy. Ed.).
Pyracmon conocola Rohwer, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 159. ♂, ♀.

Campoplex crassatus (Viereck)
revised status. Que. w. to s.e. Sask., s. to n.w. S. C. and Ohio. Host:

Exartema cornanu)u Heinr., E. permundanum Clem., Proteoteras willingana (Kft.).
Townes (1945) and Barron (1975) have incorrectly applied the name hyalinus
(Provancher) to this species, contrary to the valid lectotype selection of Gahan and
Rohwer (1918). See the discussion under Synetaeris hyalina (Provancher).
Neonortonia crassata Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 179 (key); 57 (12); 301. ♂.




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Campoplex {Campoplex) moderatus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 225 (key); 58

(6): 143. ♀. N. syn.
Campoplex (Campoplex) deceptivus Viereck, 1925: 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 226 (key); 58

(6): 146. ♀. N. syn.

Taxonomy: Gahan and Rohwer, 1918. Canad. Ent. 50: 28. — Walley, 1933. Canad. Ent. 65:
254-255 (redescription of moderatus). — Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 596-597.
—Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 484.

Campoplex dimidiatus (Cresson)
111.

Mesoleptusf dimidiatus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 265. ♀. Preocc. in
Campoplex by Dusona dii)ndiata (Brulle), 1846.

Campoplex ecoxalis Walkley
N. H. Known only from the holotype which was collected on the top of Mt.
Washington.
Phaedroctonus coxalis Ashmead, 1900. hi Slosson, Ent. News 11: 319. Nomen nudum.
Cy^nodusa coxalis Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (8): 10. ♀. Preocc. in

Campoplex by Spinola, 1851.
Campoplex ecoxalis Walkley, 1958. In Krombein et ai, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2,
sup. 1, p. 59. N. name for Cyniodusa coxalis Cushman.

Campoplex epinotiae Viereck
Coastal Calif. Host: Epinotia arctostaphylana Kft. Known only from the
holotype which is from Carmel, Cahf.
Campoplex epinotiae Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 586. ♀.

erythromerus (Viereck). Ont.

Nemeritis erythromerus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 178 (key); 58 (7): 177. ♀.
In the 1926 part of Viereck's paper as "Campoplex (Nemeritis) erythromerus."

Campoplex frustranae Cushman
Southeastern Mass. w. to n. Ohio, s. 111., and s.w. Nebr., s. to central Ga.,
central Miss., and n.w. Ark. Host: Rhyacionia frustrana (Comst.), R. rigidana (Fern).
Introduced in Nebr. following the accidental introduction of R. frustrana in pine
plantations.
Campoplex frustranae Cushman, 1927 (June 2). Jour. Agr. Res. 34 (7): 620 (key), 621 (fig.). 9.

Taxonomy: Cushman, 1927 (June 24). Jour. Agr. Res. 34 (8): 739 (more complete description
including differences of male).

Biology: Baumhofer, 1929. Jour. Econ. Ent. 22: 1001. —Cushman, 1932. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc.
34: 28. — Dowden, 1962. U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Handb. 226: 37, 42, 51. — Eikenbary and
Fox, 1968. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 61: 1430-1433.

Campoplex fusiformis (Provancher)
N. B. s. to w. N. C, w. to s.w. Tex. Information at the American

Entomological Institute, Ann Arbor, Mich, indicates that the synonymy below must be

considered very tentative.
Limneria fusiformis Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 148. ♀.
Amorphota fenniginosa Viereck, 1906. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 32: 220. ♀.
Campoplex (Campoplex) grossulariflorae Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat.

Hist. Survey Bui. 22: 263. ♀.
Campoplex (Campoplex) maquinnai Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist.

Survey Bui. 22: 263. ♀.
Campoplex (Campoplex) pentagoetonim Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat.

Hist. Survey Bui. 22: 263. ♂.
Neonortonia .scopo-so Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 179 (key); 57 (12): 301. ♂.
Pseuderipternoides deceptus Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 179 (key); 57 (12): 302. ♀.
Pseuderipternoides neglectus Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 179 (key); 57 (12): 302. ♂.
Pseuderipternoides pulchellus Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 179 (key); 57 (12): 303. ♀.
Campoplex (Campoplex) hullensis Viereck, 1925 (Sept); 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 225

(key); 58 (6): 144. ♀. Preocc. in Campoplex by Viereck, 1925 (July).
Campoplex (Campoplex) signatus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 226 (key); 58

(6): 144. ♂.

Campoplex haywardi Blanchard
Bolivia, Uruguay, Argentina. Introduced in southern Calif, "after 1963"

according to Leong and Oatman (1968), apparently without becoming established. Host:




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Phthorimaea operculella (Zell). The host cited was the target species for introductions

in Calif.
Campoplex haywardi Blanchard, 1942. In Hayward, Tucuman Estac. Expt. Agr., Rev.

Indus, y Agr. 33: 83. Nomen nudum.
Campoplex haywardi Blanchard, 1947 (1946). Acta Zool. Lilloana 3: 295. cJ, 9.

Biology: Leong and Oatman, 1968. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 61: 26: 36.

Campoplex hexagonalis (Viereck)
Southern Alta.

Pseuderiptemoides hexagonalis Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 179 (key); 57 (12): 302. ♀.

Campoplex hullensis (Viereck)
Que.

Neonortonia hullensis Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 179 (key); 57 (12): 301. ♂.

Campoplex infumatus (Provancher)
Que.

Limneria infumata Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 148. 9. The lectotype selected by
Gahan and Rohwer (1918) is not conspecific with the lectotypes for the names
suppressed as synonyms of infuntatus by Townes (1945); see parallelus Viereck.

Taxonomy: Gahan and Rohwer, 1918. Canad. Ent. 50: 29. —Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc,
Mem. 11: 597. —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 489 (confirmation of Gahan and Rohwer
lectotype).

Campoplex macer (Cresson)
Colo.

Mesoleptus macer Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 262. ♀.

Campoplex mellipes (Provancher)
Que., Maine, Mass., Ont., Mich., Wis., S. Dak., Sask., n. Idaho, s. B. C.

Host: Epinotia nanana (Treit.), Coleotechnites piceaella (Kft.), Eucordylea ducharmei

Free., Exoteleia dodecella (L.), Coleophora laricella (Hbn.), C. pniniella Clem. I suspect

that the name mellipes and the other names listed as synonyms therof apply to one or

more species which lose the second intercubitus in smaller specimens (i.e. those that

develop on smaller hosts).
Limneria rufipes Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 149. ♀. Preocc. in Campoplex by

Gravenhorst, 1829 and Holmgren, 1872.
Limneria mellipes Provancher, 1883. Petite Faune Ent. Canada, p. 831 (errata). N. name

for L. rufipes Provancher. Barron (1975) and other authors have incorrectly concluded

that this name was a lapsus and apparently were unaware of its proposal in the index of

the Petite Faune.
Nemeritis melanomerus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 178 (key); 58 (7): 177. ♂.

In the 1926 part of Viereck's paper as "Campoplex (Nemeritis) melanomenisr
Nemeritis decoratus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 179 (key); 58 (7): 180. 9. In

the 1926 part of Viereck's paper as "Campoplex (Nemeritis) decoratus"
Nemeritis laevis Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 179 (key); 58 (7): 179. 9. In the

1926 part of Viereck's paper as "Campoplex (Nemeritis) laevis."
Phaedroctonus piceae Cushman, 1935. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 25: 260. ♂, ♀.

Campoplex nigricinctus (Ashmead)
N. J., D. C. Host: Small "tineid" on Betula yiigra, Ametastegia recens

(Say)?
Limneria nigricincta Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 431. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1951. In Muesebeck et ai, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2:
361 (lectotype selected).

Campoplex nigricoxa (Provancher)
Que. Known only from the lectotype. Notes I made in studying the
lectotype in 1974 indicate that it may be a composite specimen.
LTmueria nigricoxa Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13: 364. ♀.
Limnerium nigricoxum Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 99. Emend.

Taxonomy: Gahan and Rohwer, 1918. Canad. Ent. 50: 29 (lectotype selected). —Barron, 1975.
Nat. Canad. 102: 516.

Campoplex nolae (Ashmead)
Que. s. to R. I., w. to Sask., Colo., and s. Calif. Host: Trichotaphe sp., Nola
sp. on Salix, Cnephasia longana (Haw.).
Limneria nolae Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 431. ♂, ♀.
Campoplex (H yposoter) fuscitarsatus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 203 (key); 58
(8): 199. ♀.




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Campoplex (Campoplex) ayhnerensis Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 226 (key); 58

(6): 148. ♀.
parailelus Viereck, revised status. Que., Mass., R. I., N. Y., Md., Ont., Mich., n.e. Kans. Host:

Archips rosanii.s (L.), Ancylis comptana (Froel.), Grapholitha molesta (Bsk.), Holcocera

modestella Clem., Depressaria cinereocostella Clem. The name pamlleius and the two

synonyms listed below were incorrectly suppressed as synonyms of infumatus

(Provancher) by Townes (1945).
Campoplex {Hyponoter) parailelus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 204 (key); 58

(9): 219. ♀.
Campoplex (Campoplex) algonquinorum Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 226

(key); 58 (6): 145. ♀. N. syn.
Campoplex {Campoplex) grimsbyensis Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 226 (key);

58 (6): 145. ♀. N. syn.

Taxonomy. Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 597.

Campoplex phthorimaeae (Cushman)
Va.?, w. Calif. Host: Keiferia inconspicuella (Murtf.)?, K.

lycoper.sicella (Wlsm.), Phthorimaea operculella (Zell.), Heliothis zea (Bod.). I have not
seen specimens from places other than Calif, which I could definitely identify as
phthori)naeae, but would suppose that the range of the species is not restricted to Calif.
The species was described from six males and four females; the male allotype and four
of the other male paratypes are of the genus Diadegma, apparently an undescribed
species. In the U. S. Natl. Museum collection I presently find only eight specimens of C.
phthoriniaeae reared from P. operculella by J. E. Graf, but there are 40 specimens of
the Diadegma sp. which Graf reared from that host. Therefore, it seems likely that the
discussion of Graf (1917) pertains more to the Diadegma sp. than to C. phthorimaeae.
Whether the University of Calif. (Riverside) shipped both species to Hawaii (see Weber,
1951) and other parts of the World remains to be seen. Chittendon (1922) reported

Campoplex phthorimaeae
***authority mismatch
as having been reared from Udea rubigalis (Gn.), but that record pertains
to yet another apparently undescribed species of Diadegma. See also Diadegma
C07Hpressum (Cresson).
Omorgus phthorimaeae Cushman, 1915. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 17: 138. ♂, ♀.

Biology: Graf, 1917. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 427: 38-39. —Chittendon, 1922. Canad. Ent. 54: 174

(misidentified Diadegma sp.). —Weber, 1951. Hawaii. Ent. Soc, Proc. 14: 327.

Campoplex polychrosidis Viereck
N. Y. s. to w. N. C, w. to Mich, and Ind. Host: Platyptilia
carduidactlya (Riley), Paralobesia carduana (Bsk.).

Campoplex polychrosidis Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 586. ♀.
porrcctus (Cresson). Que. w. to Sask., s. to e. N. C, n.w. S. C, and s.w. Kans.

Mesoleptus porrectus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 266. ♀.

Mesoleptus subienuis Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 267. ♂.

Limneria ruficoxa Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 146. ♀.

Limnerium ruficoxum Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 103. Emend.

Olesicavipa melanerythrogaster Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 306. ♂, ♀.

Campoplex pyraustae Smith
Europe. Introduced between 1927 and 1933 in Mass., R. I., Conn., N. Y., and
Ohio without becoming established. Host: Ostrinia nubilalis (Hbn.). The host cited was
the target species for introductions in the United States.
Campoplex pyraustae Smith, 1931. Portici R. Scuola Super, di Agr., Lab. Zool. Gen. e Agr.,
Bol. 25: 257. 6,9. The holotype is now deposited in the U. S. Natl. Museum.

Taxonomy: Baker, Bradley, and Clark, 1949. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 983: 144-147.

Campoplex relativus (Viereck)
Southwestern Kans.

Amorphota relativa Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 307. ♀.

Campoplex tecumseh Viereck
Mass., Pa., Ont., Alta., Alaska. Host: Holcocera modestella Clem.,
Scrobipalpa atriplicella (Rosier).
Campoplex (Campoplex) tecumseh Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 225 (key); 58
(5): 130. ♂.

Campoplex tineavora (Rohwer)
Southwestern Oreg. Host: Tinea defectella Zell.

Angitia tineavora Rohwer, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 160. ♂, ♀.




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Campoplex tortricidis (Cushman)
N. H. w. to interior Alaska, s. to n.w. S. C, Colo., and n. Calif. Host:
Grapholitha niole.sta (Bsk.), Pa mlobesia viteana (Clem.), Acleris variana (Fern.).

Omorgus torfricidis Cushman, 1915. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 17: 137. ♂, ♀.

Campoplex triannulatus (Cameron)
Western Calif.

Eribomti^ triannulatus Cameron, 1908. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 34: 245. ♂.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 106 (generic placement).

Campoplex ultimus Viereck
Southwestern B. C, Wash., w. Oreg., n.w. Calif. Ecology: In the Canadian

National Collection there is a female specimen from Vancouver, B. C. which was reared
from an unknown host in Pohjstictns versicolor.
Canipoplex (Canipoplex) ultimus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 226 (key); 58 (6):
147. 9. Viereck cited Ottawa, Ont. as the type locality, but Mr. G. S. Walley has labeled
the lectotype as probably collected by Rev. G. W. Taylor in B. C.

Campoplex uniformis (Viereck)
Southwestern Alta.

Neweritis uniformis Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 178 (key); 58 (7): 177. 6. In
the 1926 part of Viereck's paper as "Canipoplex {Nemeritis) uniformis."

Campoplex valens (Cresson)
Colo.

Mesoleptus valens Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 261. ♀.
Casinaria compacta Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 362. ♀.

Genus PORIZON Fallen

Porizon Fallen, 1813. Spec Nov. Hym. Disp. Meth., p. 18.

Type-species: Iclineuynon moderator Linnaeus. Monotypic. Included as "Opiiion
nioderator Fabr[icius]" by Fallen, but cannot be treated as the Fabrician
identification of/, moderator Linnaeus because the description given by
Fabricius (1804 [where he placed moderator in Ophion]) does not add anything to
the Linnaean description and alters it only insignificantly by omitting the phrase
"ore tentaculato." Moreover, Fabricius did not indicate that he had aquired or had
seen specimens of moderator (see further discussion below).

Phaedroctonus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 153. N. syn.

Type-species: Phaedroctonus minutus Ashmead. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Ashmead, 1902.

For many years the name Porizon was applied to various Tersilochinae, especially to an as-
semblage of species (now placed in the genus Barycnemis) which did not include Porizon

Porizon moderator
***authority mismatch
in the sense of Fallen or of subsequent authors (moderator auct. being placed in Ter-
silochus). Accordingly, Viereck (1914) proposed the name Porizonidea to apply to Porizon of
authors and suppressed Tersilochus as a synonym o{ Porizon. Roman (1932) discovered that /.

Porizon moderator
***authority mismatch
Linnaeus is a species of Campopleginae, but made no adjustment in the appHcation of
the name Porizon. Townes (1945) appHed the name Tersilochini to "Porizonini" of authors (cf.
Hincks, 1945), but the name Porizon continued to be used sporadically for various Tersilochinae,
particularly before Townes and Townes (1951) applied the name "Porizonini" to the Cam-
poplegini. Townes (1965) applied the name Porizon to Campoplex paniscus Gravenhorst, which
he distinguished from "moderator Linnaeus." Horstmann (1970) discovered that Roman (1932)
and Townes (1965) had not correctly identified the moderator type specimen, and had incorrectly
suppressed Nemeritis cremastoides Holmgren as a synonym of moderator. Horstmann in-
dicated moderator to be a species of Venturia; he erected the genus Leptocampoplex (which see)
for cremastoides (i.e. Porizon sensu Townes [1965, 1970], in part), and placed paiiiscus, with un-
certainty, as a synonym of Macnis filiventris Gravenhorst (see Macrus). As a consequence of
the findings of Horstmann (1970), Townes (1971) indicated that Ventnria should be suppressed
as a synonym o{ Porizon.

In 1972 I borrowed a specimen of Porizon moderator from Dr. Horstmann and learned that
the Nearctic Phaedroctonus temporalis Cushman is a junior synonym of moderator. In my
opinion, Porizon is recognizable as a genus distinct from either Venturia or Campoplex, the
separation from Campoplex being more subjective, as is suggested by Townes (1945) placement
of the species here included in Porizon and by the fact that Townes (1970) continued to treat
Phaedroctonus as a synonym of Campoplex.

There had never been much doubt that Fallen had intended the name Porizon to apply to




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what we now call Tersilochinae (cf. Hincks, 1945), and Horstmann (1970, 1971) studied a
specimen of Probles rufipes (Holmgren) which had been identified as Porizon moderator by Fal-
len. For that reason, Horstmann (1970) suggested that an application for the suppression of the
names Porizon and Porizontinae should be made to the International Commission on Zoological
Nomenclature, and Fitton and Gauld (1976) suggested that the case needed to be referred to the
Commission. If the facts revealed by Horstmann (1970) had been established soon after Roman
(1932) published on the identity of Ichneumon moderator, it might then have been logical to
seek a ruHng that would have made Tersilochus rufipes Holmgren the type-species of Porizon.
Acceptance of /. moderator Linnaeus as the type-species of Porizon would leave us with a
zoological rather than nomenclatural problem, and would eliminate any need for making an ap-
plication to the Commission. I believe that the option of regarding the nomenclatural problem as
settled and striving to solve the zoological one is the option which would be most uniformly ac-
cepted. I believe that Dr. Horstmann concurs with me on this, and I am hopeful that Drs. Fitton
and Gauld will also.

Porizon is a small genus of Holarctic and Neotropic (southern Mexico) distribution. Most of
the species are parasitic on microleptidoptera which feed on coniferous trees, especially cone
moths and needle miners. P. tranafuga (Gravenhorst), which is placed in Porizon only provi-
sionally, parasitizes Gracilaria syringella (F.), the lilac leaf miner, and two specimens of cupres-
si (Ashmead), which has otherwise been reared only from conifer-feeding hosts, were reared
from a leaf tier on Rliamnus pumhianus.

Taxonomy: Fabricius, 1804. Systema Piezatorum, p. 137. — Viereck, 1914. U. S. Natl. Mus.,
Bui. 83; 122, 144, 145. -Roman, 1932. Ent. Tidskr. 53: 9. — Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc,
Mem. 11: 592, 593, 597, 598, 602, 73. —Hincks, 1945. Entomologist 78: 90 (including opinions
of J. F. Perkins). —Townes and Townes, 1951. In Muesebeck et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr.
Monog. 2: 357-358. —Townes, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. 35: 410. —Townes, 1970 (1969).
Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 151, 167-168, 278. —Horstmann, 1970. Bayer. Ent.,
Nachrichtenbl. 19: 77-79. —Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 241. —Fitton and
Gauld, 1976. Systematic Ent. 1: 248-249.

Porizon argyresthiae (Rohwer)
n. comb. Southwestern Oreg. Host: Argyresthia libocedrella Bsk.

Known from a long series of specimens reared at Ashland, Oreg. in 1914.
Phaedroctonus argyresthiae Rohwer, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 162. cJ, 9.

Porizon cupressi (Ashmead)
n. comb. Que., Maine, N. H., s.w. Va., w. N. C, w. Iowa. , s.w. Alaska, w.

Wash., n. Cahf. Host: Periploca nigra Hodges, Epinotia nanana (Treit.), Argyresthia

cupressella Wlsm., A. thuiella Pack., needle miner on Abies concolor, leaf tier on

Rhamnus purshianus.
Limneria cupressi Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 437. ♀.
Phaedroctonus minutus Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 235. ♀.
Phaedroctonus epinotiae Cushman, 1935. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 25: 559. cJ, 9. Formerly

preocc. in Campoplex by Viereck, 1912. N. syn.
Campoplex nanana Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 598. N. name for P. epinotiae

Cushman. N. syn.

Porizon laspeyresiae (Rohwer)
n. comb. Colo., N. Mex., w. Mont., n. Idaho, s.e. Wash., s.w. Oreg., n.e.

Calif. Host: Laspeyresia piperana (Kft.), L. toreuta (Grt.).
Meleborus{\) laspeyresiae Rohwer, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 161. ♀.

Porizon milleri (Rohwer)
n. comb. Southwestern Oreg. Host: Dioryctria abietella (D. and S.). Known

only from the holotype which is a rather poor specimen from Ashland, Oreg. This

species is placed in Porizon only tentatively; the petiole is similar to that of Nemeiitis

spp., and the second intercubitus is present, although abnormally positioned in one of

the fore wings of the holotype.
Angitia milleri Rohwer, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 159. ♀.

Porizon moderator (Linnaeus)
Vt., N. Y., Ont., N. Mex., w. Mont, Idaho, s.-coastal Akaska; Europe.

Host: Laspeyresia youngana (Kft.). A 1972 letter I received from Dr. Klaus Horstmann

says that males are apparently uncommon in Europe.
Ichneumon moderator Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., ed 10, v. 1, p. 564. ♀.
Campoplex flaviventris Ratzeburg, 1844. Ichn. d. Forstins., v. 1, p. 98. ♀.
Limneria (Phaedroctonus) ensifera Brischke, 1880. Naturf. Gesell. Danzig, Schr. 4: 172. ♀.
Phaedroctonus temporalis Cushman, 1935. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 25: 560. ♀. N. syn.




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Taxonomy: Roman, 1932. Ent. Tidskr. 53: 9 (misdet.). — Horstmann, 1970. Bayer. Ent.,

Nachrichtenbl. 19: 78-79. —Horstmann, 1973. Deut. Ent. Gesell., Mitt. 32: 9, 11.

Porizon transfuga (Gravenhorst)
n. comb. Newfoundland (insular), N. B., Que., Ont.; Eurasia.
Adventive. Host: Graeilaria syringella (F.). Not previously recorded from North
America; the North American distribution given here is based upon specimens I have
seen in the Canadian Natl. Collection and that of the U. S. Natl. Museum. I do not know
that the species has been reared in North America, but it presumably was introduced in
parasitized hosts on lilac (Syringa vulgaris). The species is placed in Porizon only
provisionally; if related species exist, it should probably be placed with them in a
separate genus.

Campoplex transfuga Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 521. ♂, ♀.

Phaedroctonus trausfugus Schmiedeknecht, 1909. Opusc. Ichn., v. 4, p. 1640. Emend.

Phaedroctonus syringellae Hedwig, 1944. Ztschr. f. Ent. [Breslau] 19 (3): 4. sex ?

Taxonomy: Horstmann, 1973. Deut. Ent. Gesell., Mitt. 32: 9, 11.

Genus VENTURIA Schrottky

Idechthis Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 154. Preocc. by Huebner,
1821.

Type-species: Idechthis oahuensis Ashmead. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Ashmead, 1901.
Venturia Schrottky, 1902. Buenos Aires, Mus. Nac. de Hist. Nat., An. 8: 102.

Type-species: Veiituria argentina Schrottky. Orig. desig.
Devorgilla Cameron, 1907. Tijdschr. v. Ent. 50: 51.

Type-species: Devorgilla dilatata Cameron. Monotypic.
Balcarcia Brethes, 1922. Soc. Cient. Argentina, An. 93: 133.

Type-species: Balcarcia bergi Brethes. Monotypic.
Notamorphota Blanchard, 1947 (1946). Acta Zool. Lilloana 3: 292. It is apparent that three
of the figures in this paper are mislabeled. The figure labeled as being that of
Notamorphota timocraticae (fig. 2, p. 293) is actually that of Sagaritis grioti Blanchard.
The figure labeled as being that ofHyposoter demien Blanchard (fig. 5, p. 301) is the one
which should have been labeled N. timocraticae, and the figure labeled as being that of
S. grioti (fig. 6, p. 304) is the one which should have been labeled H. denieri.

Type-species: Notaviorphota timocraticae Blanchard. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Exidechthis walkley, 1958. In Krombein et al, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, sup. 1, p.
59. N. name for Idechthis Foerster.

This rather large genus has a worldwide distribution, but the number of species occuring in
temperate areas appears to be fewer than that occurring in tropical and subtropical areas. See
biological discussion under Campoplex.

Revision: Horstmann, 1973. Deut. Ent. Gesell., Mitt. 32: 7-12 (European spp.).

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1966. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: 143 (syn.).

Venturia canescens (Gravenhorst)
Southern Canada, s.e. Alaska, and continental U. S. A.; temperate

and tropic areas around the world. Ecology: Most often found in buildings where grains
or flour are stored. In the U. S. Natl. Museum collection there are two specimens reared
from bumble bee nests, one from Anderson, S. C. and the other from Boulder Co., Colo,
(the latter labeled "ex Ephestia sp."). Adventive. Host: Anagasta kuehniella (ZelL),
Plodia interpunctella (Hbn.). The hosts listed are the ones most commonly parasitized
in North America; for additional hosts and their significance see the very excellent
paper by Salt (1976). Males are unknown in North America, occasional in northern
Europe, but apparently more common in the Mediterranean Basin. The biology of this
species has perhaps been studied more intensively than that of any other ichneumonid.
The biological references cited below are the more important ones known to me, and I
have no doubt overlooked some important papers, particularly those published more
recently.
Campoplex canescens Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 555. 9 . Name of
questionable validity because preocc. in Campoplex by Ichneumon canescens Gmelin,
1791 on p. 549 (in synonymy) of Gravenhorst's same volume.




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Cryptus duciilis Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 233. ♀.

Campoplex frumentarius Rondani, 1877. Soc. Ent. Ital., Bui. 9:169. Sex not indicated?

Nemeritis gracilis Tosquinet, 1896. Soc. Ent. de Belg., Mem. 5: 414. ♀.

Omorga Columbia Ashmead, 1899. In Johnson, U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bui. 20: 67.

Nomen nudum.
Idechthis oahuensis Ashmead, 1901. Fauna Hawaiiensis, v. 1, p. 355. ♀.
Lathrostizus insularis Ashmead, 1901. Fauna Hawaiiensis, v. 1, p. 355. ♀.
Idechthis ephestiae Ashmead, 1903. In Fletcher, Ent. Soc. Ontario, Ann. Rpt. 33: 86.

Nomen nudum.
Limneriuni garrulum Cameron, 1905. Albany Mus., Rec. 1: 315. ♀.
Amorphota ephestia Froggatt, 1912 (Apr.). Agr. Gaz. N. S. Wales 23: 209. ♂, ♀.
Amorphota ephestiae Cameron, 1912 (Aug.). Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, Proc. 37 (1): 187. ♀.
Mesochorus australicus Girault, 1925. Queensland Agr. Jour. 24: 541. ♀.
Limnerium christianae Cheesman, 1928. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 1: 191. ♀.
Angitia pyraustae Uchida, 1930. Insecta Matsumurana 4: 129. ♀.
A7igitia compressa Hedwig, 1962. Naturw.-Mus. Aschaffenburg, Nachr. 68: 94. ♀.

Taxonomy: Cushman and Gahan, 1921. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 23: 161. — Townes, Townes,
and Gupta, 1961. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 1: 222 (syn.). —Townes, Momoi, and Townes,
1965. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 277 (syn.). — Horstmann, 1973. Beitr. z. Ent. 23: 131 (syn.).
— Horstmann, 1973. Deut. Ent. Gesell., Mitt. 32: 9, 11. —Townes and Townes, 1973. Amer.
Ent. Inst., Mem. 19: 149 (syn.).

Biology: Candura, 1928. Portici R. Scuola Super, di Agr., Lab. Zool. Gen. e Agr., Bol. 21:
149-212. —Diamond, 1929. Ent. Soc. Ont., Ann. Rpt. 60: 84-89. —Thorpe, 1938; 1939. Roy.
Ent. Soc. London, Proc, Ser. A: Gen. Ent. 13: 58-59; 14: 47. —Narayanan, 1939. Nature
[London] 144: 207. —Salt, 1941. Cambridge Phil. Soc, Biol. Rev. 16: 259-260. — Simmonds,
1943. Rev. Canad. de Biol. 2: 15-58. —Williams, 1951. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc, Ser. A:
Gen. Ent. 25: 49-58. -Fisher, 1961. Jour. Expt. Biol. 38: 267-275, 605-628. -Fisher, 1962.
Ecology 43: 314-316. — Takahashi, 1962. Jap. Jour. Appl. Ent. and Zool. 6: 160. —Salt, 1964.
Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 161: 1-14. —Salt, 1965. Roy. Soc. London, Proc, Ser. B: Biol.
Sci. 162: 303-318. —Corbet, 1968. Jour. Expt. Biol. 48: 291-304. —Corbet, 1971. Nature
[London] 232: 481-484. —Rogers, 1972. Ent. Expt. et Appl. 15: 190-194. — Rotherham, 1973.
Roy. Soc. London, Proc, Ser. B: Biol. Sci. 183: 337-350. —Amos and Salt, 1974. Jour. Ent.
(B) 43: 11-18. — Ganesalingam, 1974. Ent. Expt. et Appl. 17: 36-44. —Salt, 1975. Roy. Ent.
Soc. London, Trans. 127: 141-161. —Corbet and Rotherham, 1975. Roy. Ent. Soc London,
Proc, Ser. A: Gen. Ent. 40: 67-72. -Salt, 1976. Ecological Ent. 1: 63-67.

Venturia erythropus (Ashmead)
n. comb. Tex.

Limneria erythropus Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 431. ♂.

Limnerium erythropum Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 95. Emend.

Venturia gelechiae (Ashmead)
n. comb. N. Y., N. J., Mo., Ark., Kans., s.w. Tex. Host: Fascista

C€VC€7*iS€llQ, (dlSlTlD.).

Limneria gelechiae Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 432. ♀.

Venturia nigricoxalis (Cushman)
n. comb. N. Y., Mich., and Ind., s. to s. Ga., and Ark. Host:

Synanthedon exitiosa (Say), S. pictipes (G. and R.), Grapholitha molesta (Bsk.),

Euzophera ostricolorella Hulst, E. semifuneralis (Wlk.).
Idechthis nigricoxalis Cushman, 1915. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 48: 512. ♂, ♀.
ni^iscapus (Viereck). Ont., Mich., and III, s. to e. N. C, n.w. S. C, and Ark. Host: Plathypena

scabra (F.). This species is one of a group that is otherwise Neotropic and which is

rather distinct from the group of species which includes argentina Schrottky and

Venturia canescens (Gravenhorst)

Idechthis nigriscapiis Viereck, 1921. Psyche 28: 77. ♀.

Idechthis mimicus Viereck, 1926. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans. (3) 20 (5): 185. ♂.

Venturia sokanakiakorum (Viereck)
Eastern Que., R. I., Conn., N. Y., N. J., Pa., Ky., Tenn.; Guatemala?

In the U. S. Natl. Mus. collection there is a single male bearing the data "Guatemala:

Amatitlan; VIII-6-1965; P. J. Spangler," which appears in every respect to be

sokanakiakorum.
Casinaria (Idechthis) sokanakiakorum Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat.

Hist. Survey Bui. 22: 270. ♂.




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Genus CASINARIA Holmgren

Casinaria Holmgren, 1859 (1858). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad., Ofvers. af ... Forhandl. 15: 325.

Type-species: Campoplex tenuiventris Gravenhorst. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Amorphota Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 15: 151.

Type-species: Amorphota orgyiae Howard. By subsequent monotypy from inclusion
by Howard, 1897.
Campotrephus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 152.

Type-species: Campoplex tenuiventris Gravenhorst. Monotypically included and
desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Horogenes Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 152. This name was
incorrectly applied to what is now called Diadegma from about 1925 into the 1960's
(most uniformly after 1945).

Type-species: Campoplex tenuiventris Gravenhorst. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Brischke, 1880.
Anempkeres Foerster. 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 154.

Type-species: Anempheres diaphaniae Viereck. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Viereck, 1911.
Nothanomalon Szepligeti, 1915. hi Wytsman, Gen. Ins., fasc. 34, p. 39.

Type-species: Nothanomalon novoguineensis Szepligeti. Monotypic.
Trophocampa Schmiedeknecht, 1907. Hym. Mitteleuropas, p. 598.

Type-species: Campoplex mesozostus Gravenhorst. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Fiebrigia Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 638.

Type-species: Campoplex texanus Ashmead. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Neonortonia Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 592.

Type-species: Campoplex genuinus Norton. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Zasteyiomorpha Viereck, 1921. Psyche 28: 81.

Type-species: Zastenomorpha lamina Viereck. Monotypic.
Zastenogastra Viereck, 1925. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans. (3) 19 (5): 259.

Type-species: Zastenogastra graciliventris Viereck. Monotypically included and
desig. by Viereck, 1926.
Nothanomaloides Uchida, 1928. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Faculty Agr., Jour. 21: 273. Preocc.
by Viereck, 1925.

Type-species: Nothanomaloides matsuyamensis Uchida. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Deltops Seyrig, 1935. Paris, Mus. d'Hist. Nat., Mem. (n. s.) 4: 84.

Type-species: Deltops granulicoxis Seyrig. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Longicharops Uchida, 1940. Insecta Matsumurana 14: 131. N. name for Nothanomaloides

Uchida.
Neonortoniella Blanchard, 1947. Montevideo, Mus. Hist. Nat., Comun. Zool. 2: 4.

Type-species: Neonortoniella plusiae Blanchard. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Casinariodes Aubert, 1960. Soc. Ent. de Mulhouse, Bui. 16: 661.

Type-species: Casinaria monticola Thomson. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This large genus occurs in all zoogeographic regions. The hosts are various kinds of lepidop-
terous larvae, mostly those of macrolepidoptera which do not conceal themselves when feeding.

Revision: Walley, 1947. Sci. Agr. 27: 364-395.

Casinaria affinisima Carlson
n. name. Que. w. to s. Alta., s. to e. S. C. and Colo.

Casijiaria affi7iis Walley, 1947. Sci. Agr. 27: 394. ♂, ♀. Preocc. by Tschek, 1871.

Taxonomy: Finlayson, 1975. Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 94: 27, 96, 135 (fmal-instar larva).

Casinaria ambigua (Townes)
Tex. Known only from the holotype.

Nematopodius texanus Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 414. ♂. Preocc. in
Casinaria by Campoplex texanus Ashmead, 1890 (p. 427) and by Dusona texana
(Ashmead), 1890 (p. 427).
Charops ambigua Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 607. N. name for N. texanus
Ashmead.

Casinaria canadensis Walley
Que., N. Y., Md., Ont., n. Mich.

Casinaria canadensis Walley, 1947. Sci. Agr. 27: 390. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Finlayson, 1975. Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 94: 26, 27-28, 96, 135 (fmal-instar larva).




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Casinaria cavigena Walley
Southen B. C, s.w. Calif. Host: Geometrid.
Casinaria cavigena Walley, 1947. Sci. Agr. 27: 379. ♀.

Taxonomy: Finlayson, 1975. Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 94: 26, 28, 97, 135 (fmal-instar larva,
new distribution).

Casinaria claviventris Holmgren
Ont., s. Sask.; Europe.

Casinaria claviventris Holmgren, 1860 (1858). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. 2 (8): 49. ♂, ♀.
Casinaria pinguis Walley, 1947. Sci. Agr. 27: 386.
Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1951. In Muesebeck et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2:
364 (syn.).

Casinaria coloradensis Walley
Colo. Known from two specimens collected at Four-mile Hill, 8 mi. south
of Steamboat Springs, Colo, on July 21, 1896, apparently by C. F. Baker.
Casinaria coloradensis Walley, 1947. Sci. Agr. 27: 371. ♀.

Casinaria corrupta Walley
Southern Tex.

Casinaria corrupta Walley, 1947. Sci. Agr. 27: 385. cJ, 9.

Casinaria eupitheciae Viereck
Que. w. to s. B. C, s. to n.w. S. C, s. Wis., and w. Wash.; Ecuador? Host:
Eupithecia gibsonata Tay., E. helveticaria Bdv., E. luteata Pack., E. miserulata Grt., E.
palpata Pack.
Casijiaria eupitheciae Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 586. ♂, ♀.
Campoplex (Hypothereuthes) impetitus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 204 (key);
58 (9): 223. ♀.

Taxonomy: Finlayson, 1975. Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 94: 15, 26, 32, 100, 135 (fmal-instar
larva).

Casinaria forcipata Walley
N. B. w. to s. Alta., s. to Md., s. Ohio, s. w. Tex., s.e. N. Mex., Ariz., and s.
Calif. Host: Itame pustularia (Gn.), Semiothisa "granitata" auct., S. oweni Swett, S.
sexmaculata (Pack.), Malacosoma disstria Hbn.
Casinaria forcipata Walley, 1947. Sci. Agr. 27: 393. cJ, 9.

Casinaria genuina (Norton)
N. S. w. to s. B. C, s. to Del., HI, Tex., N. Mex., and s. Wash. Host:

Apantesis virgo (L.), Estigmene acrea (Drury), Hyphantria cunea (Drury), Acronicta
oblinita (J. E. S.).
Campoplex genuinus Norton, 1863. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 1: 367. ♂, ♀.
Mesoleptus major Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 257. ♂.
Campoplex niger Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11 (no. 127): 148. ♀. Preocc. by Brulle,

1846 and Provancher, 1874.
Anephares{\) rufipes Hancock, 1911. Nature Sketches in Temperate America, p. 177. ♀.

Casinaria geometrae
***authority mismatch
geometrae Walley. N. S., Que., N. Y., N. J., Md., W. Va., w. N. C, Ont. Host:
Caripeta angustiorata Wlk., C. divisata Wlk., Eufidonia notataria Wlk., Paraphia
piniata Pack., Protohoamiia porcelaria (Gn.), Semiothisa "granitata" auct.
Casinaria geometrae geometrae Walley, 1947. Sci. Agr. 27: 380.
Taxonomy: Finlayson, 1975. Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 94: 27, 30-31, 99, 135 (fmal-instar larva).

Casinaria geometrae
***authority mismatch
occidentalis Walley. Southern B. C. s. to s.w. Calif. Host: Caripeta sp., Enypia
venata (Grt.), Melanolophia imitata (Wlk.), Sabulodes caberata Gn., Semiothisa
"granitata" auct.
Casinaria geometrae occidentalis Walley, 1947. Sci. Agr. 27: 382. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Finlayson, 1975. Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 94: 27, 31, 99, 135 (final-instar larva).

Casinaria grandis Walley
Fla., s. La., Tex. Host: Sibine stimulea (Clem.).

Campoplex texanus Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 427. ♀. Preocc. in

Casinaria by Dusona texana (Ashmead), 1890 (p. 427).
Casinaria grandis Walley, 1947. Sci. Agr. 27: 376. N. name for Campoplex texanus
Ashmead.

Casinaria infesta (Cresson)
R. I. w. to s. Mich, and Iowa, s. to s. Fla. and Tex.; Mexico, Costa Rica,
Argentina; Hawaii. Host: Desmia funeralis (Hbn.), Diaphania hyalinata (L.),
Herpetogramma bipunctalis (F.), Hymenia fascialis Cram., H. perspectalis Hbn., H.




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recurvalis (F.), Mimorista flavidissimilis (Grt.), Ostrinia obliteralis (Wlk.), Udea

nibigalis (Gn.), Autographa falcifera (Kby.), Ancylis comptana (Froel.).
Limneria infesta Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 172. ♀.
Campoplex divisus Cresson, 1874 (1873). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 25: 385. ♂.
Limneria sessilis Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 433. ♀. Preocc. by

Provancher, 1875.
LimneriaC!) erythrogaster Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 434. ♀.
Limnerium Ashmeadii Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 90. N. name for L. sessilis

Ashmead.
Linmerium erythrogastrum Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 95. Emend.
Angitia autumnalis Viereck, 1906. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 32: 181. ♀.
Anempheres diaphaniae Viereck, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 40: 188. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1946. Bol. Ent. Venezolana 5: 36 (syn.).

Biology: Swezey, 1926. Hawaii. Ent. Soc, Proc 6: 296. —Williams, 1931. Handb. Ins.
Hawaiian Sugar Cane Fields, p. 267-268. —Ball, Reeves, Boden, and Stone, 1935. U. S.
Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 463: 40. — Benham and Poinar, 1975. Jour. Invert. Path. 26: 181-191.

Casinaria lamina (Viereck)
Mass., N. Y., Pa., Md., n. Va., Ont., s. Ohio, Iowa. Host: Epargyreus dams

(Cram.).
Zastenomorpha lamina Viereck, 1921. Psyche 28: 81. ♀.

Casinaria limenitidis (Howard)
Que. w. to s. B. C, s. to D. C, s. Tex., and Ariz. Host: Dasychira

basiflava (Pack.), D. plagiata (Wlk.), Orgyia antiqua (L.), 0. leucostigma (J. E. S.), 0.

pseudotsugata (McD.), Malacosoma americanum (F.), Limenitis archippus (Cram.),

Hyphantria cunea (Drury), Catocala antinympha (Hbn.).
Limneria limenitidis Howard, 1889. In Scudder, Butterflies of Eastern U. S., v. 3, p. 1883.

S.
Amorphota orgyiae Howard, 1897. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Tech. Ser. 5: 53. cJ, 9.
Pseudocasinaria ceanothi Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey

Bui. 22: 270. ♀.
Neonortania graciliforrna Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 179 (key); 57 (12): 300. ♂.

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1951. In Muesebeck et a/., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2:
365 (syn.). — Finlayson, 1975. Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 94: 27, 30, 98, 135 (final-instar larva).

Biology: Howard, 1897. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent, Tech. Ser. 5: 20-21.

Casinaria melanolophiae Walley
Southern B. C. Host: Melanolophia imitata (Wlk.).

Casinaria melanolophiae Walley, 1959. Canad. Ent. 91: 565. cJ, 9.

Taxonomy: Finlayson, 1975. Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 94: 27, 31-32, 100, 135 (final-instar
larva).

Casinaria scabriformis Viereck
Mass. s. to n.w. S. C, w. to n.e. Kans. Host: Eupithecia miserulata Grt.
Casinaria scabriformis Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 42: 635. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 607.

Casinaria semiothisae Walley
Que. w. to s. B. C, s. to D. C, Ark., and Oreg. Host: Caripeta divisata
(Wlk.), Semiothisa bisigyiata wlk.), S. "granitata" auct., S. sexrnaculata (Pack.). The
cocoon description given by Finlayson (1975) contrasts with that in Walley's (1947)
revision of Casinaria.
Casinaria semiothisae Walley, 1941. Canad. Ent. 73: 169. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Finlayson, 1975. Ent. Soc Canada, Mem. 94: 15, 26, 32-33, 100, 135 (final-instar
larva).

Casinaria tenuiceps Walley
Md., n. Ga.

Casinaria tenuiceps Walley, 1947. Sci. Agr. 27: 378. cJ, 9.

Casinaria vadosa Walley
R. I., Md., n. Ga., Tex.

Casinaria vadosa Walley, 1947. Sci. Agr. 27: 395. ♀.

Genus CHAROPS Holmgren

Charops Holmgren, 1859 (1858). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad., Ofvers. af ... Forhandl. 15: 324.




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Type-species: Campoplex decipiens Gravenhorst. Monotypic. The type-species is
regarded as a synonym of Casinaria cantator (De Geer).
Zacharops Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 646.

Type-species: Charops amiulipes Ashmead. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Gongropelma Enderlein, 1921. Stettin. Ent. Ztg. 83: 13.

Type-species: Gongropelma formosanum Enderlein. Orig. desig. The type-species is
regarded as a synonym of C. bicolor (Szepligeti).

Most of the species in this fairly large genus occur in the tropics, and there is only a single
Nearctic species. The cocoons of at least some of the species are suspended from foliage by a
thread of silk. The hosts are various lepidopterous larvae which do not conceal themselves when
feeding.

Revision: Gupta and Sharda Maheshwary, 1971 (1970). Oriental Insects 4: 453-480 (Indian
spp.).

Charops annulipes Ashmead
Que. s. to n. Fla., w. to n.e. Kans. and e. Tex.

Charops anmdipes Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 414. ♂.

Genus DUSONA Cameron

Dusoyia Cameron, 1901 (1900). New Zeal. Inst., Trans, and Proc. 33: 107.

Type-species: Dusona straynmeipes Cameron. Monotypic.
Delopia Cameron, 1903. Ztschr. System. Hym. Dipt. 3 (5): 304.

Type-species: Delopia cariniscutis Cameron. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Cameron, 1903 (3 [6]: 337-338 of same jour.).
Anisitsia Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 632. Preocc. by Eigenmann, 1903.

Type-species: Campoplex villosiis Norton. Orig. desig.
Campoplegidea Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 644.

Type-species: Campoplex oxyacanthae Boie. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Pseudocasmaria Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 644.

Type-species: Casi7iaria americana Ashmead. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Thyynarimorpha Viereck, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 46: 384.

Type-species: Thymarimorpha platygastra Viereck. Monotypic and orig. desig. The
type-species is regarded as a synonym of D. gnara (Cresson).
Viereckiana Strand, 1914. Arch. f. Naturgesch. (A) 80 (1): 163. N. name for Ayiisitsia

Viereck.
Zachrestinus Enderlein, 1921. Stettin. Ent. Ztg. 82: 38.

Type-species: Zachrestinus fractocristatus Enderlein. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Idiosomidea Viereck, 1925. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans. (3) 19 (5): 271.

Type-species: Campoplex photomorphus Viereck. Orig. desig.
Neodelopia Benoit, 1957. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Mem. (E) 8: 314.

Type-species: Neodelopia pauliani Benoit. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This very large genus is known from all zoogeographic regions. The hosts are larvae of
macrolepidoptera which feed on trees and shrubs and do not conceal themselves while feeding.
More rearings in North America have been from Geometridae than from Lepidoptera of other
families.

Revision: Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 647-734.

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1951. hi Muesebeck et a/., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2:
370 (syn.). —Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 285-286 (syn.).

Dusona alia (Norton)
Mass. The holotype is lost and no revisor has yet decided what name should be
suppressed as a synonym of alia.
Campoplex alius Norton, 1863. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 1: 367. ♀.

Dusona americana (Ashmead)
Mass. w. to s. B. C, s. to Ala., n.e. Tex., and Colo.
Casinaria americana Ashmead, 1890. Colo. Biol. Assoc. Bui. 1: 22. ♀.
Campoplegidea (Viereckiana) erythromera Viereck, 1926. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and
Trans. (3) 20 (5): 177. ♀.




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Dusona argentea (Norton)
Que., Mass., N. Y., N. J., Pa., Va., Ont., Mich., n. Ill, s. B. C. Host:
Symmerista albifrons (J. E. S.), S. canicosta Francl.
Campoplex argenteus Norton, 1863. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 1: 365. ♀.

Campoplegidea citriscapa Viereck, 1925. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans. (3) 19 (5): 264. ♂, ♀.

Dusona assista (Norton)
N. S. s. to S. C, w. to Mich.

Campoplex assistus Norton, 1863. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 1: 367. ♀.

Campoplegidea (Viereckiana) curvata Viereck, 1926. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans.

(3)20(5): 179. ♀.
Campoplegidea (Viereckiana) citripes Viereck, 1926. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans.
(3)20(5): 179. ♂.

Dusona associata (Walley)
Northeastern Mo., s.w. Ark., n.w. La.

Campoplegidea associata Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 673.

Dusona australis (Walley)
Md., n.w. S. C, Ont.

Campoplegidea australis Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 715. ♂, ♀.

Dusona bellula (Dalla Torre)
N. S. w. to s. Alta., s. to Mich., n. Tex., Colo., and n.e. Calif.

Campoplex bellus Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 172. "♂"=♀. Preocc. by

Cresson, 1865.
Campoplex bellulus Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 138. N. name for C. bellus

Cresson, 1872.
Campoplex photomorphus Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 309. ♀.
Idioso7nidea secunda Viereck, 1925. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans. (3) 19 (5): 272. ♂.
Campoplegidea nitida Walley, 1940 Sci. Agr. 20: 713. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1951. In Muesebeck et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2:
371 (syn.).

Dusona brachiator (Say)
Que. s. to e. N. C. and n. Ga., w. to s. Mich., w. Ky., and n. Ala.
Ophion brachiator Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 240. Sex not indicated.
Campoplex xanthogaster Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 159. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 105 (syn. of C. xanthogaster confirmed).

Dusona canadensis (Walley)
Ont., s.w. Alta., n. and s. B. C. Host: Enargia decolor Wlk., noctuid.

Campoplegidea canadensis Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 665. ♂, ♀.

Dusona confluens (Walley)
Que., N. Y., Ont., Mich., Wis.

Campoplegidea conflueyis Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 673.

Dusona conformis (Walley)
Southeastern Ariz. Known only from the holotype which was collected at
Palmerlee, Ariz., a locality discussed by Townes and Linna (1963).
Campoplegidea conformis Walley, 1940 Sci. Agr. 20: 726. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes and Linna, 1963. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 65: 242 (obscure localities).

Dusona crassicornis (Provancher)
N. B. w. to s. Alta., s. to N. Y., n. Ohio, and e. S. Dak. Host: Isia
isabella (J. E. S.).
Limneria crassicornis Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 88. ♂.
Campoplegidea crassata Viereck, 1925. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans. (3) 19 (5): 267. ♂.
Campoplegidea (Viereckiana) mimeticus Viereck, 1926. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans.

(3)20(5): 175. cJ, 9.
Campoplegidea (Vierekiana) sessilis Viereck, 1926. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans. (3)

20(5): 179. ♂.
Campoplegidea (Viereckiana) flavicoxa Viereck, 1926. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans.
(3)20(5): 180. ♂.

Dusona deceptor (Walley)
N. Y., Pa., D. C, n. Va., Ont., Ind., s.e. Sask.

Campoplegidea deceptor Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 714. ♂, ♀.

Dusona diversa (Norton)
Mass., Conn., N. Y., Pa. Townes (1945) indicated that wyomingensis (Viereck)
is the correct name for the species identified as diversa in Walley's (1940) revision of
Dusona.
Campoplex diversiis Norton, 1863. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 1: 366. cJ, 9.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 632: 643.




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Dusona diversella (Walley)
Que., N. Y., Mich., n.e. Kans., Tex.

Campoplegidea diversella Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 671.

Dusona diversicolor (Viereck)
Que., N. Y., Ont.

Campoplegidea diversicolor Viereck, 1925. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans. (3) 19 (5):
265. ♀.

Dusona downesi (Viereck)
N. Mex., s.w. Alta., s.w. B. C. s. to s. Calif. Host: Honioglaea carbonaria
(Harv.).
Campoplegidea downesi Viereck, 1925. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans. (3) 19 (5): 265.

i, 9.
Campoplegidea planatella Viereck, 1925. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans. (3) 19 (5):

267. ♂.
Campoplegidea vadosa Viereck, 1925. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans. (3) 19 (5): 269. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 632 (syn.).
egrregia (Viereck). Pa., Md., D. C, n. Va., Ohio, s. Mich., w. Ky., Ala., s. Tex.
Viereckiayia egregia Viereck, 1916. Biol. Soc. Wash., Proc. 29: 167.

Dusona ellopiae (Walley)
Maine, Ont., and n. Mich. s. to w. N. C. Host: Lambdina fiscellaria
fiscellaria (Gn.).
Campoplegidea (Viereckiana) ellopiae Walley, 1929. Canad. Ent. 61: 22. ♂, ♀.

Biology: Schedl, 1931. Ztschr. f. Angew. Ent. 18: 258-260.

Dusona experta (Cresson)
Northern Va., s. Ind., w. Ky., s.e. Iowa, n.e. Kans., Okla., n. Tex.

Campoplex expertus Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 6: 171. "♂"=♀.

Dusona ferruginea Walkley
Southern Fla.

Dusona femiginea Walkley, 1963. Ent. News 74: 239. ♀.

Dusona flavescens (Walley)
Tex., s. Ariz., Calif.; n. Mexico. Host: Anacamptodes fragillaria (Grossb.).
Campoplegidea flavescens Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 710. 9. The holotype was collected at
Phoenix, Ariz, on April 11, 1897, probably on Salix, by R. E. Kunze.

Dusona fossata (Viereck)
Que., N. H., N. J., Pa., Ont., Man., Sask., s. Alta., w. Oreg.

Campoctonus fossatus Viereck, 1926. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans. (3) 20 (5): 182. ♂.

Dusona fuscitarsis (Viereck)
Que. w. to s. Alta., s. to N. C. and n. Mich. Host: Eufidonia notataria
(Wlk.).
Campoplegidea (Viereckiana) fuscitarse Viereck, 1926. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans.
(3)20(5): 175. ♀.

Dusona glauca
***authority mismatch
caliginosa (Walley). Sask., s. Alta., s.-coastal Alaska s. to n. Calif.
Campoplegidea caliginosa Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 693. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 634 (status change).

Dusona glauca
***authority mismatch
glauca (Norton). Que. w. to Man., s. to Md. and n.e. Kans. Host: Lygris diversilineata
(Hbn.), L. gracilineata (Gn.). A third, undescribed subspecies was recorded from Ariz,
by Townes and Townes (1951).
Campoplex glaucus Norton, 1863. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 1: 366. ♀.
Campoplex dissitus Norton, 1863. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc 1: 367. ♀.
Campoplegidea rossi Viereck, 1925. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc and Trans. (3) 19 (5): 268. ♂.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 633-634 (syn.). — Townes and Townes,
1951. In Muesebeck et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 372.

Dusona gracilis (Walley)
Conn., N. Y., Pa., s.e. Ont., n. Ohio, Mich., s.w. Man.

Campoplegidea gracilis Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 701. ♀.

Dusona grahami (Walley)
N. H., Colo., s.w. B. C. In the East this species apparently has been
collected only on the top of Mt. Washington, N. H.
Campoplegidea grahami Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 698. ♀.

Dusona insolita (Walley)
Que., Ont., s. Man.

Campoplegidea insolita Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 681. ♀.

Dusona interstitialis (Walley)
Que., Mo.?

Campoplegidea interstitialis Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 703. ♀.

Dusona johnsoni (Walley)
Eastern Mass., s.e. N. Y., N. J.

Campoplegidea johnsoni Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 729. ♀.




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Dusona laminata (Walley)
Que. w. to s. Man., s. to Pa., n. Mich., and Tex.

Cajtipoplegidea laminata Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 680. cJ, 9.
lapponica kukakensis (Ashmead). Que. w. to s.w. Alaska, s. to N. Y., n. Mich., w. Ont., and s.
Idaho. Host: Hydria prinivorata (Ferg.), Rheumaptera hastata (L.). D. lapponica
lapponica (Holmgren) is European.
Zachresta kukakensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 235. ♂.
Campoplegidea caudata Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 686. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 635 (syn. and status change).

Dusona laticincta (Cresson)
Que. w. to s. Alta. and w. Oreg., s. to n. Ga., n. Ohio, Colo., and n. Calif.
Host: Heliothis sp., noctuid.
Campoplex laticinctus Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 283. ♀.
Campoplex nigripes Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 145. ♀. Preocc. by Gravenhorst, 1829

and Brulle, 1846.
Campoplegidea brooksi Viereck, 1925. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans. (3) 19 (5): 264. ♂, ♀.

Dusona lobata (Walley)
Que., N. Y., n. Va., S. C, n. Ga., Ont., Man., s. B. C. Host: Semiothisa
"granitata" auct., S. sexmacxdata (Pack.).
Campoplegidea lobata Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 713. cJ, 9.

Dusona luctuosa (Provancher)
Que., s.w. Alta., n. Idaho, Ariz., s. B. C. n. Calif. Host: Enypia venata
(Grt.), Hydriomena divisaria (Wlk.), H.furcata (Thun.).
Campoplex luctuosus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 145. ♀.
Ayiisitsia nigerrima Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 583. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 636 (syn.).

Dusona magnifica (Walley)
N. Y., n. Ala.

Campoplegidea magnifica Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 727. cJ, 9.

Dusona major (Cresson)
Que., Mass., R. I., Pa., s. Mich., Man., N. Mex., s.w. B. C. Host: Schizura
unicornis (J. E. S.), Abbottaiia clemataria (J. E. S.).
Campoplex major Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 369. ♀.
Campoplegidea {V iereckiana) totalis Viereck, 1926. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans. (3)
20(5): 174. ♀.

Dusona minor (Provancher)
N. S. w. to s.-coastal Alaska, s. to n. Va., n. Mich., Colo., s.w. Mont., and s.
B. C. Host: Eupithecia luteata Pack., E. transcayiadata MacK.
Campoplex minor Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11 (no. 127): 150. ♀.
Pseudocasinaria decorata Viereck, 1926. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans. (3) 20 (5): 183. ♂.
Amorphota pacifica Viereck, 1926. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans. (3) 20 (5): 184. ♂.
Campoplegidea mitis Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 689. ♀.
Campoplegidea maritima Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 689. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 636-637 (syn.).

Dusona montrealensis (Viereck)
N. S. s. to n. Ga., w. to Man.

Campoplegidea {V iereckiana) montrealensis Viereck, 1926. Roy. Soc Canada, Proc. and
Trans. (3) 20 (5): 181. ♂.

Dusona nigritibialis (Viereck)
Southern Idaho, s.w. B. C, Wash., n. Calif.

Campoplegidea (Viereckiana) nigritibialis Viereck, 1926. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and
Trans. (3) 20 (5): 178. ♀.

Dusona obesa (Davis)
Maine, Mass., N. Y., Pa., s.w. Va., Mich. This species with a long ovipositor was
not included in Walley's (1940) revision of Dusona.
Zachrasta(l) obesa Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 361. ♀.

Dusona occidentalis (Davis)
Southwestern B. C, w. Wash.

Campoplex occidentalis Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 361. cJ, 9.

Dusona ocellata (Walley)
Md., s. Tex.

Campoplegidea ocellata Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 718. ♀.

Dusona pallescens (Walley)
Eastern N. C, Tenn., S. C, Ga., s. Fla.

Campoplegidea pallescens Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 722. ♀.




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Dusona pectoralis (Walley)
Que., Ont., n. Mich., s. Sask., n. and s. Alta., s. B. C. Host: Deilinea
bryantaria (Tay.).
Campoplegidea pectoralis Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 686. ♀.

Dusona pilosa (Walley)
Colo., Ariz., s.w. B. C, Oreg., n. CaUf. Host: Enypia packardata Tay., E.
venata (Grt.), Melanolophia imitata (Wlk.).
Campoplegidea pilosa Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 733. ♂, ♀.

Dusona planata (Viereck)
Que., N. Y., Md., Ont., Mich., HI. Host: Noctuid.

Campoplegidea planata Viereck, 1925. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans. (3) 19 (5): 267." 9.

Dusona pulchella (Walley)
Southwestern Utah, n.w. Ariz., s. Calif.

Campoplegidea pulchella Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 717. ♂, ♀.

Dusona quebecensis (Walley)
Que., Mass.

Campoplegidea quebecensis Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 731. ♀.

Dusona relecta (Davis)
N. H., N. Y., s.e. B. C.

Campoplex relectum Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 361. ♀.
Campoplegidea egregiata Viereck, 1925. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans. (3) 19 (5): 266. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 638 (syn.).

Dusona robusta (Walley)
Mass., N. J., Pa., n. Ga., s. Ohio, s. Mich.

Campoplegidea robusta Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 725. cj, 9.

Dusona rotunda (Walley)
N. S., Que., Wash.

Campoplegidea rotunda Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 697. ♀.

Dusona rufescens (Walley)
Southern N. Y. w. to s. Mich, and Iowa, s. to n. Va., Mo., and n.e. Kans.

Campoplegidea rufescens Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 720. ♂, ♀.

Dusona rufigaster (Walley)
N. H. s. to s. Fla., w. to s. Mich, and w. Ky.
Campoplegidea rufigaster Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 705. ♀.

Dusona scalaria (Provancher)
Que., Alta., Wash.

Campoplex scalarius Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 84. 9 (.6

misdet.).
Campoplex scalarisd) Provancher, 1889. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 449

(index).
Campoplegidea scalaris Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 654, 706, 707. Emend.

Dusona seamansi (Viereck)
Southern Man., Colo., s.w. Alta., s. B. C. Host: Geometrid, C horistoneura
conflictana (Wlk.)?
Campoplegidea edmontonensis Viereck, 1925. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans. (3) 19

(5): 266. ♂.
Campoplegidea seamansi Viereck, 1925. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans. (3) 19 (5): 268. ♀.
Amorphota bicoloripes Viereck, 1926. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans. (3) 20 (5): 184. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 639 (syn.).

Dusona semirufa (Provancher)
Que., Vt., N. Y., Mich., Colo., s. B. C. Host: Pheosia rimosa Pack.
Campoplex semirufus Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13: 364. ♀.

Campoplegidea okanaganensis Viereck, 1925. Roy. Soc Canada, Proc. and Trans. (3) 19 (5): 270. ♀.

Dusona signata (Viereck)
N. B., Que., N. C, Ont., n. Mich., Man., Sask., n. B. C. Host: Noctuid.

Campoplegidea signata Viereck, 1925. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans. (3) 19 (5): 262. ♂, ♀.

Dusona simulans
***authority mismatch
arizonensis (Walley). Southern Ariz.

Campoplegidea arizmiensis Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 709. cJ, 9.

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1951. hi Muesebeck et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 374 (status change).

Dusona simulans
***authority mismatch
simulans (Walley). N. J., S. C.

Campoplegidea simulaiis Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 704. ♂, ♀.




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Strickland! (Viereck). Southwestern Alta.

Campoplegidea stricklandi Viereck, 1925. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans. (3) 19 (5): 269. ♂.

Dusona subtilis (Viereck)
Southwestern Alta.

Campoplegidea (Viereckiana) subtilis Viereck, 1926. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans.
(3)20(5): 176. ♀.

Dusona tepaneca (Cresson)
Ariz.; Mexico, Guatemala? This species was not included in Walley's (1940)
revision of Dusona.
Campoplex tepanecus Cresson, 1874. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 25: 382. ♂, ♀.

Dusona texana (Ashmead)
D. C, n. Ga., n.e. Kans., Tex., Wash.; Guatemala.

Casinaria texana Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 427. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 640 (syn. corrected).

Dusona townsendi (Walley)
N. Mex. Apparently known only from the type series which was collected
at an elevation of 8000 ft. in the White Mts.
Campoplegidea townsendi Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 703. ♂, ♀.

Dusona tumida (Walley)
Ariz., w. Oreg.

Campoplegidea tumida Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 716. ♀.

Dusona turmalis (Walley)
Southwestern Tex.

Campoplegidea turmalis Walley. 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 711. ♀.

Dusona vara (Walley)
N. S. w. to Sask., s. to N. J., Pa., and n. Mich.

Campoplegidea vara Walley, 1940. Sci. Agr. 20: 663. ♂, ♀.

Dusona variabilis (Franklin)
N. S., Que., Maine, Mass. Host: Eviaturga amitaria (Gn.). The record for

Dusona variabilis
***authority mismatch
as a parasite o{ Synchlora rubrifrontaria Pack, published by Schaffner and
Griswold (1934) is based upon a misidentified specimen in the U. S. Natl. Museum
collection. The specimen is now too badly damaged to be reidentified readily.
Campoplex variabilis Franklin, 1915. Ent. News 26: 356. ♀. Preocc. by Campoplex

Dusona variabilis
***authority mismatch
(Bridgman), 1886.

Biology: Schaffner and Griswold, 1934. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 188: 148.

Dusona varicoxa (Viereck)
Que., N. H., N. Y., Pa., Md., n. and w. Ont., s. Alta., s.w. B. C. Host:
Neynoria mirriosaria (Gn.).
Campoplegidea {Viereckiana) varicoxa Viereck, 1926. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans.

(3) 20 (5): 180. ♂.
Campoplegidea (Viereckiana) reticulata Viereck, 1926. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans.

(3)20(5): 181. ♂.
Pseudocasinaria paenealia Viereck, 1926. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans. (3) 20 (5):
182. ♂.

Dusona vibecifera (Viereck)
Ont.?, Mich.?, e. Sask. Host: Geometrid.

Campoplegidea vibecifera Viereck, 1925. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans. (3) 19 (5): 270.
6.

Dusona vicina (Provancher)
Que., Ont., Man. Host: Semiothisa "granitata" auct., S. sexmaculata
(Pack.).
Campoplex vicinus Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 145. ♂, ♀.

Dusona villosa (Norton)
Que. w. to s. B. C, s. to w. N. C, s. Mich., n.e. Kans., N. Mex., and Oreg. Host:
Pero sp.
Campoplex villo.sus Norton, 1863. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 1: 365. ♂, ♀.

Dusona vitticollis (Norton)
Que. w. to s.e. Alaska, s. to n. Ga., n. Ala., Tex., N. Mex., and Ariz. Host:

Caripeta divisata Wlk., Hypagrytis piniata (Pack.), Phigalea titea (Cram.), Malacosoma
disstria (Hbn.)?
Campoplex vitticollis Norton, 1863. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 1: 365. ♀.

Dusona woodi (Viereck)
Que., Pa., Md., n. Va., Ont., s. Ohio.

Campoplegidea (Viereckiana) woodi Viereck, 1926. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans. (3)

20(5): 177. ♂.
Campoplegidea (Viereckiana) erythrosoma Viereck, 1926. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and

Trans. (3) 20 (5): 177. ♀.




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Dusona wyomingensis (Viereck)
N. S. w. to s. B. C, s. to s.w. Va., Ohio, and w. Wyo. In Walley's

(1940) revision of Dusona, wyomingensis was incorrectly suppressed as a synonym of

Dusona diversa
***authority mismatch
(which see).

Campoplex wyomingensis Viereck, 1906. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 32: 342. ♂.

Campoplegidea walleyi Viereck, 1925. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans. (3) 19 (5): 271.
9.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 643 {wyomingensis resurrected).

Genus LEPTOCAMPOPLEX Horstmann

Leptocampoplex Horstmann, 1970. Bayer. Ent., Nachrichtenbl. 19: 78.

Type-species: Nemeritis cremastoides Holmgren. Monotypic and orig. desig.

A single Holarctic species is known. The genus appears to be closely related to Menaka Gupta
and Gupta (1971), from which Leptocampoplex differs principally by lacking the second intercu-
bitus. The name Porizon was incorrectly applied to Leptocampoplex by Townes (1965, 1970); see
the introductory discussion of Porizon.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. 35: 410 (as Porizon). —Townes, 1970 (1969).

Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 157, 167-168, 278 (as Porizon). —Gupta and Gupta, 1971.

Oriental Insects 5: 111-116 (related Indian genus).

Leptocampoplex cremastoides (Holmgren)
Ont., Mich.; Europe. Host: Ptilinus pectinicomis (L.)? Townes
(1970) gave the Nearctic range as "eastern North America" in referring to what he
regarded as being an undescribed Nearctic species. Horstmann (1970) stated that he
believed the Nearctic specimens he had seen (apparently borrowed from Townes) to
represent only an undescribed subspecies of cremastoides, differing from the European
one in having the underside of the scape pale (i.e. "helle"). In view of the fact that the
known Nearctic range of cremastoides is not similar to that of most Holarctic
ichneumonid species, proof that cremastoides is not adventive in North America should
precede validation of a name for the Nearctic population. The host record cited with a
query above pertains to a specimen acquired from A. W. Stelfox by the U. S. Natl.
Museum; the specimen is labeled "? parasitic on Ptilinus pectinicomis!"

Nemeritis cremastoides Holmgren, 1860 (1858). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 2:
105. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 168, 278 (as "Porizon
moderator," misdet.). —Horstmann, 1970. Bayer. Ent., Nachrichtenbl. 19: 79.

Genus PYRACMON Holmgren

Pyracmon Holmgren, 1859 (1858). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad., Ofvers. af ... Forhandl. 15: 326.
Type-species: Porizon fumipennis Zetterstedt. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is a small Holarctic genus. Townes (1970) knew five species, one of them being an un-
described Nearctic species. Dr. John Barron has informed me (personal commun., 1977) that the
latter has been reared from Elateridae and will be described by Mr. G. S. Walley. Dr. Klaus
Horstmann will probably have published a revision of the European species prior to the ap-
pearance of this catalog.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 169.

Pyracmon sepiella (Holmgren)
N. H., Mich.; Eurasia. Host: Macropogoyi piceus LeC. Numerous
additional Nearctic localities will presumably be given by Mr. G. S. Walley in a
forthcoming paper.
Limneria sepiella Holmgren, 1860 (1858). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 2 (8): 63.

6, 9.
Pyracmon sepiellum Townes, 1965. In Townes, Townes, and Gupta, Amer. Ent. Inst.,
Mem. 5: 283. Emend.

Genus RHIMPHOCTONA Foerstcr

Rhimphoctona Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 153.




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Type-species: Rhimphoctona rufipes Tschek. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Tschek, 1871. The type-species is regarded as a junior synonym of R.
grandis (Fonscolombe).
Xylophylax Kriechbaumer, 1878. Ent. Nachr. 4: 210.

Type-species: Pyracmon (Parapyracmon) rufocoxalis Clement. Monotypically
included and desig. by Townes, 1970.
Helcostizidea Rohwer, 1913. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 15: 185.

Type-species: Cubocephalus atrocoxalis Ashmead. Orig. desig.
Pyracmon subg. Parapyracmon Clement, 1924. Deut. Ent. Ztschr. (for 1924), p. 117-131.
Type-species: Pyracmon [Parapyracmon] rufocoxalis Clement. Desig. by Townes,
1970.
Pyracmonoides Viereck, 1925 (July). Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 177-178.

Type-species: Pyracmonoides separatum Viereck. Desig. by Viereck, 1925 (Dec).

This is a small Holarctic genus.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 162-163 (generic syn. and
referral of Nearctic spp.).

Rhimphoctona alaskensis (Ashmead)
Alaska. More explicit locality data are presumably unavailable; one of
the labels of each of the three syntypes says "U. S. N. M. Acc[ession] 25341," but it
would be uncharacteristic for the Smithsonian Institution to have meaningful
information pertaining to that number.
Cubocephalus alaskensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 203. ♀.

Rhimphoctona atrocoxalis (Ashmead)
Que. w. to interior Alaska, s. to n. Calif.

Cubocephalus atrocoxalis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 203. 9. Described
from "Alaska" and "Easton, Wash." The only syntype I have found bears a label with
the same U. S. N. M. accession number as on labels of the syntypes of alaskensis (which
see).

Rhimphoctona lipoparia (Viereck)
Ont.

Pyracmonoides lipoparium Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 178 (key); 57 (12): 299. ♂.

Rhimphoctona macdunnoughi (Viereck)
Que., Alta., interior Alaska, w. Oreg.

Pyracmon macdwinoughi Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 180 (key); 58 (1): 5. ♀.

Rhimphoctona macrocephala (Provancher)
Que. w. to Mont., s. to w. N. C. and Idaho.

Limneria macrocephala Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 149. ♀.

Pyrachmon(\) aldrichi Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 363. ♂, ♀.

Cubocephalus nigricomis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 203. ♀. Preocc. in
Cubocephalus by Provancher, 1875.

Pyracmonoides succineum Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 178 (key); 57 (12): 300. ♂.

Pyracmonoides trockantericum Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 178 (key); 57 (12): 299.
6.

Rhimphoctona separata (Viereck)
Western Yukon.

Pyracmonoides separatum Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 178 (key); 57 (12): 298. ♂, ♀.

Rhimphoctona vancouverensis (Harrington)
Colo., s. Alta., Idaho, s.w. B. C, Wash., n. Calif.

Pyracmon vancouverensis Harrington, 1894. Canad. Ent. 26: 246. ♀.

Rhimphoctona xanthognatha (Rohwer)
Westen Mont., Idaho, Wash., Oreg., n. Calif. Host: Cerambycid in
bark of Abies concolor.

Helcostizidea xanthognatha Rohwer, 1914. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 15: 186. ♀.

Genus NEMERITIS Holmgren

Nemeritis Holmgren, 1860 (1858). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 2 (8): 104.

Type-species: Campoplex macrocentrus Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Pseudonemeritis Szepligeti, 1916. Mus. Natl. Hungarici, Ann. 14: 338.

Type-species: Pseudonemeritis minor Szepligeti. Desig. by Townes, 1970.

This is a Holarctic and Neotropic genus of small to moderate size. A number of species have
been reared from Rhaphidiidae. Apparently hosts other than Rhaphidiidae are not known, which
apparently explains the fact that in the New World Nemeritis is confined to western North
America and Chile.




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Revision: Horstmann, 1973. Opusc. Zool. 125: 1-14 (European spp.). — Horstmann, 1975.
Polskie Pismo Ent. 45: 251-266 (elaboration).

Nemeritis macrurus (Viereck)
Wyo., s. B. C, n. Calif.

Carnpoplex (Campoplex) macrurus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 226 (key); 58
(5): 146. ♀.

Genus BATHYPLECTES Foerster

Canidia Holmgren, 1860 (1858). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 2 (8): 103. Preocc.
by Thomson, 1857.

Type-species: Caiiidia pusilla Holmgren. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Rhexmeura Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 156.

Type-species: Carnpoplex exi'gfitMs.Gravenhorst. Monotypically included and desig.
by Townes, 1970.
Bathyplectes Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 156.

Type-species: Campoplex exiguus Gravenhorst. Monotypically included and desig.
by Viereck, 1914.
Cajiidiella Ashmead, 1900. Canad. Ent. 32: 368. N. name for Canidia Holmgren.
Biolysia Schmiedeknecht, 1907. Hym. Mitteleuropas, p. 601.

Type-species: Nepiesta marginella Thomson. Monotypic.

This is a Holarctic genus of moderate size. Horstmann (1973, 1974) treated Biolysia as distinct
from Bathyplectes to facilitate an easier distinction of the Palearctic genus Nepiesta. Because
the species referable to Biolysia do not differ significantly in habits or life histories from other
Bathyplectes species and because Bathyplectes bryanti Viereck is structurally intermediate, I
prefer to treat Bathyplectes and Biolysia as synonymous. Known hosts include only weevils oi
the genus Hypera, but the majority of Bathyplectes species have not been reared. The native
Nearctic species are poorly represented in collections, and the majority of them are undescribed.

Revision: Horstmann, 1974. Ent. Germ. 1: 58-81 (western Palearctic spp.).

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 164-165 (syn.). —Horstmann,
1973. Polskie Pismo Ent. 43: 729-731 (discussion and inclusion in generic key).
anurus contractus (Thomson). Central Calif.; s.w. U. S. S. R., Iran, s. Yugoslovia?, s. Germany,
n. Italy, n. France, Ireland. Introduced. Host: Hypera brunneipennis Boh. Besides a.

Bathyplectes contractus
***authority mismatch
and a. anurus (Thomson), Horstmann (1974) recognized a. graecator Aubert
(treated here below); he knew a. anurus from southern Sweden (lectotype), The
Netherlands, and northern and middle Germany. I am not convinced that these
subspecies will be treated as valid taxa when more specimens have been collected and
studied, but I here accept them as valid because my knowledge of western Palearctic
zoogeography is not adequate for rejecting them for reasons of being insufficiently
sound zoogeographically. Dr. Richard Dysart informed me (personal commun., 1977) of
the establishment in Calif, of a population he thought most likely to be principally of
Iranian origin. For that reason I have applied the name a. contractus to it.
Canidia contracta Thomson, 1887. Opusc. Ent. 11: 1113. ♀.

Taxonomy: Horstmann, 1974. Ent. Germ. 1: 61, 66-67.

Biology: Fisher, Schlinger, and van den Bosch, 1961. Jour. Econ. Ent. 54: 196, 197 (as
corvina, misdet.; introductions and cocoon jumping behavior).
anurus graecator Aubert. Southern N. H., s. Vt., Mass., Conn., N. Y., N. J., Pa., Del., Md., Va.,
W. Va., N. C, S. C, s.e. Ont., Ohio, s. Mich., s. Ind., Ky., Tenn., Mo., w. S. Dak., Okla.; s.
Yugoslavia, Greece, middle and s. Italy, s. France, n. Africa. Introduced. Host: Hypera
postica (Gyll.). According to Dysart and Day (1976) the bulk of the anurus individuals
released in eastern North America were of "French [apparently southern] origin,"
although small numbers came from Sicily and the U. S. S. R.
Bathyplectes anura graecator Aubert, 1970. Soc. Ent. de Mulhouse, Bui. 26: 68. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Horstmann, 1974. Ent. Germ. 1: 61, 67.




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Biology: Kaufman, 1939. Ztschr. f. Angew. Ent. 26: 421-422 (as corvina, misdet.). — Baccetti,
1958. Redia 43: 226-253 (as corvina, misdet.). — Brunson and Coles, 1968. U. S. Dept. Agr.,
Prod. Res. Rpt. 101: 3-4, 7 (releases). —Day, 1970. Jour. Econ. Ent. 63: 586-589 (value of
jumping cocoons). —Morrison and Pass, 1974. Jour. Econ. Ent. 67: 141-142. — Dysart and
Day, 1976. U. S. Dept. Agr., Prod. Res. Rpt. 167: 2-3, 9-14, 39, 44-45 (releases and
recoveries). — Gordh and Hendrickson, 1976. Ent. News 87: 271-274 (sexual behavior).
—Dysart and Bingham, 1977. Coop. Plant Protect. Rpt. 2: 24-26 (recoveries). — Yeargan
and Latheef, 1977. Environmental Ent. 6: 31-34.

Bathyplectes bryanti Viereck
Southern Alta. Known only from the holotype, which was collected at Bilby,
Alta.
Bathypledes bryanti Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 225 (key); 58 (9): 223. 9. In
the 1926 part of Viereck's revision as "Campoplex (Bathypledes) bryanti;" nowhere in
the 1925 part of the revision was Bathypledes indicated to be a subgenus of
Campoplex.

Bathyplectes curculionis (Thomson)
Southern Que. w. to s. Alta. and Wash., s. to n. Ga., n. Miss., Europe, n.
Africa. Introduced. Host: Hypera brunneipennis Boh., H. plantaginis (DeG.), H. postica
(Gyll). The lectotype selected by Townes, Momoi, and Townes (1965) may not pertain to
the present species (see Horstmann , 1974). Thomson probably had no reared material,
but indicated that curculionis is the species which Holmgren (1860) had misidentified as
subciiidus (Gravenhorst). Under subcinctus, Holmgren in turn referred to Ratzeburg
(1852, p. 82; cf. Ratzeburg, 1848, p. 82) who cited hosts of reared specimens. Specimens
reared from H. postica and H. plantaginis were identified by Horstmann (1974) as var.
1 of B. curculionis. B. brevitor Aubert (1974) was described as a species related to
curculionis, the description of brevitor being based upon two Yugoslavian specimens
reared from H. plantaginis. If curculionis var. 1 of Horstmann (1974) proves not to be
conspecific with curculionis, it seems probable that brevitor will prove to be the correct
name for it.
Canidia curculionis Thomson, 1887. Opusc. Ent. 11: 1113. 9. Aubert (1960) gave
descriptive notes concerning a female in the Thomson collection which he regarded as
being the lectotype, but he did not cite a locality or other information pertaining to the
labeling of that specimen; Townes, Momoi, and Townes (1965) selected a female
lectotype from Stehag, Skane, Sweden, which had been labeled as lectotype by Aubert.

Taxonomy: Holmgren, 1860 (1858). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 2 (8): 103-104.
—Aubert, 1960. Vie et Milieu 11: 490. —Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965. Amer. Ent.
Inst., Mem. 5: 282. —Aubert, 1966. Opusc. Ent. 31: 130. —Aubert, 1974. Soc. Ent. de
Mulhouse, Bui. 30: 2 (brevitor described). — Horstman, 1974. Ent. Germ. 1: 62, 73, 74-75.

Biology: Ratzeburg, 1848; 1852. Ichn. d. Forstins., v. 2, p. 82; v. 3, p. 82. —Webster, 1912. U.
S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Bui. 112: 38. -Hagan, 1919. Calif. Dept. Agr., Monthly Bui. 8: 470.
—List and Wakeland, 1919. Colo. State Ent., Cir. 24: 34. — Wakeland, 1920. Colo. State
Ent., Cir. 28: 28. — Chamberlin, 1924. U. S. Dept. Agr., Dept. Cir. 301: 4, 6. — Chamberlin,
1926. Jour. Econ. Ent. 19: 302-310. —Newton, 1933. Colo. Agr. Col., Bui. 399: 18.
— Sorenson, 1934. Utah Acad. Sci., Proc. 11: 249-251. — Michelbacher and Essig, 1934. Jour.
Econ. Ent. 27: 965. —Essig. and Michelbacher, 1934. Calif. Univ., Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 567:
63-67. — Keifer, 1935. Calif. Dept. Agr., Monthly Bui. 24: 350. —Michelbacher, 1936. Calif.
Dept. Agr., Monthly Bui. 25: 392. -Kaufman, 1939. Ztschr. f. Angew. Ent. 26: 422-424.
—Michelbacher, 1940. Hilgardia 13: 81-99. —Michelbacher, 1940. Jour. Econ. Ent. 33:
892-895. -Schweis, 1942. Nev. State Dept. Agr., Bien. Rpt. (for 1940-1942), p. 33.
—Michelbacher, 1943. Calif. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 677: 5, 10-20. -Hamlin, McDuffie,
Lieberman, and Bunn, 1943. U. S. Dept. Agr., Farmers Bui. 1930: 6-8. —Hamlin,
Lieberman, Bunn, McDuffie, Newton, and Jones, 1949. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 975:
41-55. —van den Bosch, 1953. Jour. Econ. Ent. 46: 161-162. — Milliron, 1956. Jour. Econ.
Ent. 49: 443. — Hobbs, Nummi and Virostek, 1959. Canad. Ent. 91: 562, 564-565. —van den
Bosch and Dietrick, 1959. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 52: 609-616. —Fisher, Schlinger, and van
den Bosch, 1961. Jour. Econ. Ent. 54: 196. —Puttier, Jones, and Coles, 1961. Jour. Econ.
Ent. 54: 878-880. —Coles and Puttier, 1963. Jour. Econ. Ent. 56: 609. —van den Bosch,
1964. Jour. Econ. Ent. 57: 195-196. —Dysart and Puttier, 1965. Jour. Econ. Ent. 58:




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1154-1155. —Butler and Ritchie, 1967. Jour. Econ. Ent. 60: 1239-1241. — M'Sadda, 1967.
Rev. Zool. Agr. et Appl. 66: 13. —Salt and van den Bosch, 1967. Jour. Invert. Pathol. 9:
164-177. — Brunson and Coles, 1968. U. S. Dept. Agr., Prod. Res. Rpt. 101: 3, 8. —Horn,
1969. Jour. Econ. Ent. 61: 1469-1470. —Foster and Bishop, 1970. Idaho Agr. Expt. Sta.,
Res. Bui. 78: 2-20. —Richardson, Nelson, York, and Gyrisco, 1972 (1971). Canad. Ent. 103:
1653-1658. — Arbrust, DeWitt, and Roberts, 1972. Environmental Ent. 1: 391-393. —Miller,
Smith, and White, 1972. Environmental Ent. 1: 471-473. —Cross and Simpson, 1972.
Environmental Ent. 1: 631-633 (cocoon construction). — Casagrande, 1973. Canad. Ent. 105:
1119-1128. —Miller and White, 1973. Ga. Ent. Soc, Jour. 8: 233-236. — Duodu and Davis,
1974. Environmental Ent. 3: 396-398, 549-552, 705-710. — Walstrom, 1974. Jour. Econ. Ent.
67: 309-310. — Hower, 1974. Jour. Agr. Sci. 21: 2-3. —Pike and Burkhardt, 1974. Kans. Ent.
Soc, Jour. 47: 405-411. —Gibson and Berberet, 1974. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 67: 588-590.
—Puttier, 1974. Environmental Ent. 3: 881-882. —Davis, 1974. Environmental Ent. 3:
1031-1032. -Parrish, 1974. Forage Insect Res. Conf., Proc. 17: 18-19. — Flessel, 1975. Jour.
Econ. Ent. 68: 585-586. —Arbrust, 1975. Environmental Ent. 4: 931-934. —Berberet and
Gisbon, 1976. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 69: 205-208. — Dysart and Day, 1976. U. S. Dept. Agr.,
Prod. Res. Rpt. 167: 2-3, 46-47. — Bartell, Sanborn, and Wood, 1976. Environmental Ent. 5:
659-661. — Eklund and Simpson, 1977. Environmental Ent. 6: 69-71.

Bathyplectes exiguus (Gravenhorst)
Que. w. to s. B. C, s. to s. Va., central Mo., and central Oreg.; Europe.
Adventive. Host: Hypera nigrirostris (F.), H. p^inctata (F.), H. rumicus (L.). This
species apparently became established in North America along with one of the
accidentally introduced hosts (most Ukely H. nigrirostris), but the oldest North
American record known to me for exiguus is that for one of Viereck's paratypes of the
synonym phytonomi. It was collected in Prince Edward Co., Ont. in 1890, and although
I have not seen the specimen, I have little reason to doubt that it is a specimen of

Bathyplectes exiguus
***authority mismatch
because there are a number of exiguus specimens in the U. S. Natl. Museum
collection which were collected at Toronto, Ont. in 1896. The oldest United States record
known to me is that for Viereck's paratype of the synonym etemankiakorum, which he
collected in New Haven, Conn, in 1904 and which is in the U. S. National Museum
collection. The oldest record known to me for western North America is 1918 (Puyallup,
Wash.; June 15; L. P. Rockwood). The entry of B. exiguus into western North America
may have been independent of its establishment in the East, because the adventive
thelytokous European species of Gelis studied by Caldwell and Wilson (1975), as a
parasite of B. curculionis in Indiana, was reared from B. exiguus in northwestern Oreg.
(Forest Grove and Seaside) in 1928 (cf. Rockwood, 1920); I have not seen specimens of it
collected in eastern North America before 1957. Dr. K. W. R. Zwart told me (personal
commun., 1976) that this species of Gelis is apparently undescribed.
Campoplex stibcinctus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 494. ♀.
Campoplex exiguus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 499. ♀.
Campoplex (Bathyplectes) etemankiakorum Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and

Nat. Hist. Survey Bui. 22: 263. ♂.
Bathyplectes phytonomi Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 225 (key); 58 (9): 222. ♂.
9 . In the 1926 part of Viereck's paper as "Campoplex (Bathyplectes) phytonomi" (see
discussion under bryanti).

Taxonomy: Horstmann, 1974. Ent. Germ. 1: 62, 73, 75.

Biology: Rockwood, 1920. Canad. Ent. 52: 39. — Detweiler, 1923. Cornell Univ. Agr. Expt.
Sta., Bui. 420: 19. — Chamberlin, 1933. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 35: 106. — Sechriest and
Treece, 1963. Ohio Agr. Expt. Sta., Res. Bui. 956: 23. —Caldwell and Wilson, 1975.
Environmental Ent. 4: 333-336 (Gelis).

Bathyplectes sessilis (Provancher)
revised status. Que. In 1974 I studied the holotype (see Barron, 1975)
and found that sessilis had been incorrectly suppressed as a synonym of exiguus by
Townes (1945).
Limneria sessilis Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 148. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 612. —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102:
566.




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Bathyplectes stenostigma (Thomson)
Southern N. H., Mass., N. Y., n. Del.?, s.e. Ont., n.e. Ohio, w. Colo.; w.
U. S. S. R., s. Sweden s. to s. Germany and n. France. Introduced. Host: Hypera postica
(Gyll.). B. steiiostigyna differs from other Bathyplectes species with known biologies in
that its fmal-instar larva emerges from the host larva before the latter spins its cocoon.
It is interesting that this biological difference in stenostigma would appear to correlate
with its habit of spinning a double cocoon (see Brunson and Coles, 1968). The
introductions in western Colo, were apparently accompanied by the accidental release
and unfortunate establishment of the thelytokous hyperparasite which I have identified
as Mesochorus nigripes (Ratzeburg) (which see).
Canidia stenostigma Thomson, 1887. Opusc. Ent. 11: 1114. cJ ? (9 misdet.). Thomson failed
to insert the sex symbols which usually preceded his statement of length, or range of
lengths, for each species (in this case "Long, vix 4 mm."), or perhaps omission of the sex
symbols was a printers error. From Thomson's description of the ovipositor it is
apparent that he had a female. Neither Thomson's length measurment, nor anything
else in his description indicate that he had a male specimen or a second specimen of
either sex. Therefore, the validity of Aubert's (1970) selection of a male lectotype
labeled "Germ." (and relegation of a female specimen to paralectotype status) would
appear to rest solely upon whether or not it can be disproved that the male was found
near Aachen by Foerster, the only source Thomson cited for his specimen (or
specimens) of stenostigma.

Taxonomy: Aubert, 1970. Soc. Linn, de Lyon, Bui. Mens. 39: 276-277. — Horstmann, 1974.
Ent. Germ. 1: 62, 70.

Biology: Brunson and Coles, 1968. U. S. Dept. Agr., Prod. Res. Rpt. 101: 5, 8 (as "sp.

Bagged" and "n. sp."). — Dysart and Coles, 1971. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 64: 1361-1367.

—Dysart and Day, 1976. U. S. Dept. Agr., Prod. Res. Rpt. 167: 3, 14, 36, 39, 48-49 (releases

and recoveries).

Bathyplectes tristis (Gravenhorst)
N. Y. w. to s. Mich, and e. Kans., s. to n.w. S. C. and n. Miss.; also central
Calif.; s.w. Asia (U. S. S. R.), Europe. Introduced. Host: Hypera punctata (F.). The
species is thelytokous, but males have been collected in N. J., Pa., Md., and Va. Possibly,
males are even rarer in Europe because Horstmann (1974) had seen none.

Campoplex tristis Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 492. 9 (6 misdet.?).

Canidia trochantella Thomson, 1887. Opusc. Ent. 11: 1114. ♀.

Taxonomy: Horstmann, 1974. Ent. Germ. 1: 76, 77-78.

Biology: Dicke, 1937. Jour. Econ. Ent. 30: 375-376. —Puttier and Coles, 1962. Jour. Econ.
Ent. 55: 831-833. —Dysart and Puttier, 1966. Jour. Econ. Ent. 59: 425-427.

Genus CAMPOLETIS Foerster

Sagaritis Holmgren, 1859 (1858). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad., Ofvers. af ... Forhandl. 15: 325.
Preocc. by Billberg, 1820 and Huebner, 1821.

Type-species: Campoplex declinator Gravenhorst. Monotypic and orig. desig. The
type-species is regarded as a synonym of C. dilatator (Thunberg).
Ecphora Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 154. Preocc. by Conrad, 1843.
Type-species: Campoplex viennensis Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from
three species included by Thomson, 1887.
Campoletis Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 157.

Type-species: Mesoleptus tibiator Cresson. By subsequent monotypy from inclusion
by Houghton, 1907.
Anilastus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 157.

Type-species: Campoplex rapax Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from 27
species included by Thomson, 1887.
Anilasta Thomson, 1887. Opusc. Ent. 11: 1053, 1168. Emend.
Ecphoropsis Ashmead, 1900. Canad. Ent. 32: 368. N. name for Ecphora Foerster.
Sagaritopsis Hincks, 1944. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc, Ser. B: Taxonomy 13: 36. N. name
for Sagaritis Holmgren.




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This very large genus is known from all zoogeographic regions. The genus is rather difficult
taxonomically, and there are no usable works treating the species of any large country or other
major geographic area. Most of the species occur in unforested habitats and many of them
parasitize Noctuidae; a species exceptional to both generalizations is C. pyralidis Walley.

Taxonomy: Walley, 1927. Canad. Ent. 59: 227-231 (key to spp. in Canadian National
Collection).

Campoletis apicata (Viereck)
Ont.

Sagaritis apicata Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 200 (key); 58 (5): 128. 9. In the

1926 portion of Viereck's revision as S. apicatus.

Campoletis aprilis (Viereck)
Conn., N. Y., N. J., n. Mich., w. Ont., S. Dak., s. B. C, w. Wash. Host: Polia

purpurissata (Grt), Xylomyges dolosa Grt., Enargia decolor (Wlk.).
Sagaritis aprilis Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey Bui. 22:

263. ♂.
Sagaritis bigelowi Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 198 (key); 58 (2): 33. 9
Sagaritis citrinus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 200 (key); 58 (5): 123. ♀.

Campoletis argentifrons (Cresson)
Que. w. to s. B. C, s. to Va., Mo., s. Tex., Colo., and n. Calif. Host:

Agrotis ipsilon (Hufn.), Anicla infecta (Ochs.), Lacinipolia renigera (Steph.), Crambus

mutabilis Clem., C. zeelus Fern.
Mesoleptus dubitatus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 259. 9. Formerly preocc. in

Limnerium by Holmgren, 1860.
Mesoleptus argentifrons Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 261. ♂.
Mesoleptus vicinus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 268. ♀.
Livinerium provancheri Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 102. N. name for M.

dubitatus Cresson.
Sesioplex heliaeformis Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 177 (key); 57 (12): 298. ♀.
Sagaritis strigosus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 199 (key); 58 (3): 73. ♂, ♀.
Sagaritis evansi Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 199 (key); 58 (3): 74. ♀.
Sagaritis englishi Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 199 (key); 58 (3): 75; 58 (5): 129.

9 . On p. 129 in the 1926 part of his revision Viereck made a correction to his 1925 key

which makes it uncertain that the lectotype he selected in 1926 (p. 75) applies to the

name validated in the 1925 key.
Sagaritis conspicuosus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 200 (key); 58(5): 123. ♂.
Sagaritis interruptus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 200 (key); 58 (5): 127, 129. ♂.

The lectotype selected (in effect) by Viereck in 1926 (p. 127) does not apply with

certainty to the name validated in the 1925 key because of errors in the latter which

were corrected in 1926 (p. 129).

Campoletis atkinsoni (Viereck)
Southeastern Man., s. Sask., s. Alta., n. Idaho, e. Wash., w. Oreg.

Sagaritis atkinsoni Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 199 (key); 58 (2): 38; 58 (5):

129.
Sagaritis teulonensis Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57(8): 200 (key); 58 (5): 124, 129. ♂.

9 . The lectotype selected (in effect) by Viereck in 1926 (P. 124) does not apply with

certainty to the name validated in the 1925 key because of errors in the latter which

were corrected in 1926 (p. 129).

Biology: King and Atkinson, 1928. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 21: 173-174, 185.

atypicus (Viereck). Que., Ont., s. Alta.

Sagaritis atypicus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 198 (key); 58 (2): 36. ♀.

Sesioplex canadensis Cushman, 1930 (1929). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 76 (25): 8. 6, 9-

Campoletis australis (Viereck)
Southern Sask., Wyo., and N. Mex., w. to s. B. C. and w. Oreg. Host:
Euxoa ochrogaster (Gn.).

Limnerium australis Viereck, 1903. hi Skinner, Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 91. ♀.

Campoletis banksi (Viereck)
Northern Va.

Campolex banksi Viereck, 1921. Psyche 28: 72. ♀.

Campoletis californica (Holmgren)
Calif.

Sagaritis californica Holmgren, 1869 (1868). Eug. Resa, pt. 2 (Zool.), sect. 1 (Ins.), p. 418.
6.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 112 (note on type specimen).




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Campoletis chlorideae Uchida
Japan, India. Introduced in southern Ga. in 1965 and possibly Ariz, in 1968
(personal commnun., J. R. Coulson, 1977), presumably without becoming established.
Host: Pkthorimaea operculella (Zell.)?, Heliothis armiger (Hbn.), H. assulta Gn. The
target species for the release in Ga. was presumably either Heliothis virescens (F.), or
H. zea (Bod.). In some literature the species was misidentified as Campoletis
"perdistinctus" (Viereck).
Campoletis chlorideae Uchida, 1957. Kyushu Imp. Univ., Ent. Lab., Mushi 30: 29.
Taxonomy: Carlson, 1972. Ent. News 83: 77 (as Asian sp., probably undescribed). —Gupta,
1974. Oriental Insects 8: 112-115.

Biology: Gangrade, 1964. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 57: 570-574.

Campoletis clavata (Provancher)
Que. s. to s.e. S. C, w. to n.e. Kans. Host: Heliothis zea (Bod.)?
Linmeria clavata Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 148. "♀"=♂.
Sagaritis conjunctiforrnis Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey

Bui. 22: 262. ♂.
Sagaritis xanthotaeniiis Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 198 (key); 58 (2): 37. ♀.
Sagaritis latus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 198 (key); 58 (2): 37. ♀.
Sagaritis hexagonalis Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 199 (key); 58 (2): 37; 58 (5):

129. S. The lectotype selected (in effect) by Viereck in 1926 (p. 37) does not apply with

certainty to the name validated in the 1925 key because of errors in the latter which

were corrected in 1926 (p. 129).
Sagaritis beaulieui Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 199 (key); 58 (2): 38. ♂.
Sagaritis basalis Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 201 (key); 58 (5): 128. ♂, ♀.
Sagaritis garretti Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 201 (key); 58 (5): 129. ♀.
Sagaritis 7iigriscaposus var. rufitrochanteralis Walley, 1927. Canad. Ent. 59: 232. ♀.

Taxonomy: Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 89 (sex of clavata
syntypes stated to be male not "female"). — Gahan and Rohwer, 1917. Canad. Ent. 49: 433
(female "lectotype" inocorrectly selected for clavata). —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102:
451-452 (valid lectotype selected for clavata).

Campoletis clitellaria (Walley)
Southern B. C.

Sagaritis clitellarins Walley, 1927. Canad. Ent. 59: 232. ♂.

Campoletis compacta (Provancher)
Southern B. C, w. Wash.

Linmeria compacta Provancher, 1884. In Taylor, Canad. Ent. 16: 91. Nomen nudum.

Limneria compacta Provancher, 1885. Canad. Ent. 17: 116. ♀.

Sagaritis downsi Viereck, 1926. Canad. Ent. 58 (2): 36. [male].

Sagaritis downesiV.) Viereck, 1926. Canad. Ent. 58 (2): 36.

Campoletis conjuncta (Cresson)
111.

Mesoleptus conjunctus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 262. ♂, ♀.

Campoletis distincta (Provancher)
Que., N. H., N. Y., Ont., n. Ill, Minn., s. Sask., s. B. C. Host: Catocala

sp.
Limneria distincta Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 3: 365. 9. Suppressed as a synonym of

C. tibiator (Cresson) by Townes (1945); resurrected by Townes and Townes (1951).

Walkley (1958) and Barron (1975) regarded distincta as unavailable by virtue of having

been replaced by Cymodusa provancheri Viereck (which see), but I do not believe they

were correct. Walkley treated the name provancheri (Viereck) as the valid name for C.

distincta, overlooking the fact that provancheri was preocc. in Campoletis by Dalla

Torre, 1901.
Sagaritis apicalis Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 198 (key); 58 (2): 36. ♂.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 626. —Townes and Townes, 1951. In
Muesebeck et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 367. —Walkley, 1958. In Krombein et
al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, sup. 1, p. 59, 60. —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 462.

Campoletis diversa (Viereck)
Southwestern Alta.

Sagaritis diversus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 198 (key); 58 (2): 33. ♀.

Campoletis flavicincta (Ashmead)
Mass. and s.e. Ont. w. to s.w. B. C, s. to central Fla., s. Tex., s. Ariz.,
and s. Calif.; Mexico s. to Uruguay. Host: Agrotis ipsilon (Hufn.), Dargida procincta
(Grt.), Feltia subterranea (F.), Heliothis virescens (F.), H. zea (Bod.), Lacinipolia stricta




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(Wlk.), Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haw.), Spodoptera eridania (Cram.), S.frugiperda (J. E.

S.), S. omithogalli (Gn.), Trichoplusia ni (Hbn.), Manduca quinquemaculata (Haw.),

Ostrinia nubilalis (Hbn.), Udea ribigalis (Gn.), Pieris rapae (L.).
Limneria flavicincta Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 436. ♂.
Limnerium perdistinctus Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 304. ♀.
Amorphota nociuma Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 308. ♂.
Limnemim {Campoletis) prodeniae Viereck, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 40: 190. ♂, ♀.
Sagaritis trochanteralis Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 199 (key); 58 (3): 75. ♀.
Sagaritis twinni Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 200 (key); 58 (3): 72. ^, 9.
Sagaritis modestus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 201 (key); 58 (5): 126. ♂.

Taxonomy: Carlson, 1972. Ent. News 83: 75-82.

Biology: Luginbill, 1928. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 34: 61-63 (as dubitatus, misdet.).
— Vickery, 1929. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 138: 36-39 (as dubitatus, misdet.). — Wene,
1943. Jour. Econ. Ent. 36: 333-334 (as provancheri, misdet.). —Grayson, 1944. Jour. Econ.
Ent. 37: 712-713 (as provancheri, misdet.).

Campoletis gorhami (Viereck)
N. S.

Sagaritis gorliami Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 199 (key); 58 (3): 73. ♀.

Campoletis heliae (Ashmead)
Va. Host: Epizuexis aemula (Hbn.).

Limneria heliae Riley, 1890. In Riley and Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 3: 158.

Nomen nudum.
Limneria heliae Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 194. ♂.
hopping! (Viereck). Southern B. C, w. Wash.

Sagaritis hoppingi Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 199 (key); 58 (3): 76. ♂.

Campoletis imperfecta (Viereck)
Ont.?, Sask.

Sagaritis imperfectus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 200 (key); 58 (5): 127, 129. ♀.
The lectotype selected (in effect) by Viereck in 1926 (p. 127) does not apply with
certainty to the name validated in the 1925 key because of errors in the latter which
were corrected in 1926 (p. 129).

Campoletis incompleta (Viereck)
Southeastern Ont.

Sagaritis incompletus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 199 (key); 58 (3): 71. ♂.

intermedia (Viereck). Utah, s. B. C, Wash., w. Oreg., n. Calif. Host: Neuronia sp.?

Sagaritis intemiedius Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 198 (key); 58 (2): 34. ♂.

Sagaritis trackas Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 199 (key); 58 (3): 72. ♂.

Sagaritis taylori Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 201 (key); 58 (5): 126. ♀.
Julia (Viereck). Southwestern Alta., s.w. Oreg., n.e. Calif. Host: Choreutis balsamorrhizella
Bsk., C. silphiella (Grt.).

Sagaritis Julius Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 200 (key); 58 (5): 125. ♂.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 627. —Carlson, 1972. Ent. News 83:
76-77.

Campoletis kingi (Viereck)
Southern Sask.

Sagaritis kingi Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 200 (key); 58 (3): 77; 58 (5): 129. ♀.

Campoletis linearis (Viereck)
Southern Sask.

Sagaritis linearis Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 200 (key); 58 (3): 76. ♂.

Campoletis lipomerus (Viereck)
Mass., N. Y., Pa., Ont., s. Sask., s. Alta.

Sagaritis lipomerus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 198 (key); 58 (2): 32. cj, 9.

Sagaritis nifiscapus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 199 (key); 58 (3): 75. ♂.

Campoletis longiceps (Roman)
Greenland; n.e. U. S. S. R.

Ecphoropsis longiceps Roman, 1926 (1914). Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem. (8) 29
(7): 13. S. The copy of Roman's paper in the file of the Systematic Entomology
Laboratory is labeled in Roman's handwriting as "Received July 1926, A. Rn." The copy
in the library of the U. S. Natl. Museum was received by the Museum on April 8, 1927.

Campoletis maia (Viereck)
Southern B. C.

Sagaritis maius Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 200 (key); 58 (5): 125, 129. S. The
lectotype selected (in effect) by Viereck in 1926 (p. 125) does not apply with certainty to




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the name validated in the 1925 key because of errors in the latter which were corrected
in 1926 (p. 129). Doubt also stems from the fact that the lectotype was collected in April.

Campoletis media (Viereck)
Ont.

Sagaritis medius Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 198 (key); 58 (2): 34. ♀.

Campoletis melanocerus (Viereck)
Southern Ont.

Sagaritis melanocerus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 200 (key); 58 (5): 123. ♂.

Campoletis melanomerus (Viereck)
N. H. Known only from the lectotype, which was collected in the
alpine region of Mt. Washington.
Sagaritis melanomerus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 200 (key); 58 (5): 122. ♂.

nigjicoxa (Viereck). Southern Alta.

Sagaritis nigricoxus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 199 (key); 58 (3): 74. ♀.

Campoletis nigripes (Cresson)
111., Sask., Alta.

Mesoleptus nigripes Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 267. ♀.

Mesoleptus hostilis Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 267. ♂.

Campoletis nigriscaposa (Viereck)
Southern Sask.

Sagaritis nigriscaposus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 201; 58 (5): 128. ♂.

Campoletis oxylus (Cresson)
Que. w. to w. Wash., s. to s. Fla., Okla., and w. Oreg. Host: Ackatodes zeae
(Harris), Bellura densa (Wlk.), B. ohliqua (Wlk.), Epiglaea apicata (Grt.), Nephelodes
emmedonia f. violens Gn., Oligia fractilinea (Grt.), Papaipema lysimachiae Bird, P.
nebris (Gn.), Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haw.), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. S.).

Mesoleptus oxylus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 262. tJ, 9.

Limneria occidentalis Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 432. ♀.

Limneria nephelodis Riley, 1890. hi Riley and Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 3:
158. Nomen nudum.

Limneria nephelodis Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 194. ♂.

Limnerium lawrencei Viereck, 1906. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 32: 178. ♀.

Sagaritis ruficoxalis Viereck, 1916. Biol. Soc. Wash., Proc. 29: 170. ♂, ♀.

Sagaritis nigrisignatus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 199 (key); 58 (3): 71. ♂, ♀.

Sagaritis stramineiscapus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 201 (key); 58 (3): 126. ♀.

Biology: Lowry, 1927. N. H. Agr. Expt. Sta., Tech. Bui. 34: 22. — Beckwith and Driggers,
1928. N. J. Agr. Expt. Sta., Ann. Rpt. 48: 139. —Beckwith, 1929. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 37:
415. — Guppy, 1967. Canad. Ent. 99: 100-101.

Campoletis pacifica
***authority mismatch
(W alley). Western Wash., w. Oreg., n. Calif.

Sagaritis ruficrus var. pacificus Walley, 1927. Canad. Ent. 59: 233, 234. ♂.

Campoletis parasignata (Walley)
Southeastern Sask.

Sagaritis parasignatus Walley, 1927. Canad. Ent. 59: 232. ♀.

Campoletis patsuiketorum (Viereck)
Maine w. to s. B. C, s. to w. N. C, n. Ala., N. Mex., n. Utah, and n.
Calif.; s. Mexico? Host: Loxostege sticticalis (L.), Phlyctaenia coronata tertialis (Gn.), P.
extricalis (Gn.), Udea rubigalis (Gn.), Grapholitha molesta (Bsk.). In the U. S. Natl.
Museum collection there is a male specimen labeled as being collected in Oaxaca, Mexico
by L. 0. Howard. It remains to be seen whether I have correctly identified this
specimen and whether it is correctly labeled.
Sagaritis patsuiketorum Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey

Bui. 22:262. ♀.
Sagaritis unicolor Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 198 (key); 58 (2): 33. ♂, ♀.
Sagaritis lipopus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 198 (key); 58 (2): 35. ♀.
Sagaritis cingulatus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 198 (key); 58 (2): 35. ♂.
Sagaritis melanosomus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 199 (key); 58 (3): 71. ♀.

Campoletis plena (Provancher)
Que., s.w. Alta.

Limneria plena Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 146. ♀.

Sagaritis chrystali Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 200 (key); 58 (3): 77. ♀.

Taxonomy: Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 532-533 {plena holotype).

Campoletis pyralidis Walley
Que. s. to e. S. C, w. to s. Sask. and n.w. Ark. Host: Tetralopha aplastella

Hulst, Acrobasis sp. on Myrica, A. betulella Hulst, A. caryivorella Rag., A. comptoniella




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Hulst, A. juglandis (LeB.), Jacoma nyssaecolella (Dyar), Meroptera pravella (Grt.),
Nephopteryx snbfuscella (Rag.), Salebriaria engeli (Dyar), Aristotelia sp.
Campoletis pyralidis Walley, 1970. Canad. Ent. 102: 1528. ♂, ♀.

Morphology: Finlayson, 1967. Canad. Ent. 102: 1257-1258 (as Campoletis n. sp.).

Campoletis rufosignata (Viereck)
Southern Ont.

Sagaritis nifosignatus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 198 (key); 58 (2): 34. ♂.

Campoletis septentrionalis (Viereck)
Mont., s.w. Alta., and s. B. C, s. to central Utah, w. Nev., and n.
Calif. Host: Euxoa pallipennis Sm.

Sagaritis septentrionalis Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 200 (key); 58 (3): 76. ♀.

Sagaritis aequalis Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 200 (key); 58 (5): 122, 129. ♂, ♀.
The correction made by Viereck in 1926 (p. 129) suggests that the lectotype which he in
effect selected in 1926 (p. 124) for S. laevis Viereck would apply to the name aequalis as
validated in the 1925 key.

Sagaritis laevis Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 200 (key); 58 (5): 124, 129. ♂, ♀.
The correction made by Viereck in 1926 (p. 129) suggests that the lectotype which he in
effect selected in 1926 (p. 122) for S. aequalis Viereck would apply to the name laevis as
validated in the 1925 key.

Sagaritis nificnis Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 201 (key); 58 (5): 127. ♂.

Sagaritis approximalis Walley, 1927. Canad. Ent. 59: 231. ♂.

Sagaritis vierecki Walley, 1927. Canad. Ent. 59: 233. ♂, ♀.

Campoletis signata (Viereck)
Southern B. C.

Sagaritis signatus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 199 (key); 58 (3): 72. ♀.

Campoletis sonorensis (Cameron)
Md., s. 111., n. Colo., s.w. Alta., s.e. Wash., and n.w. Oreg., s. to e. S. C, n.
Fla., s. Tex., s. Ariz., and s. Calif.; Cuba and Mexico s. to Peru. Host: Autographa
califomica (Spey.), Heliothis phloxiphaga (G. and R.), H. virescens (P.), H. zea (Bod.),
Peridroma saucia (Hbn.), Plathypena scabra (F.)?, Spodoptera exigua (Hbn.),
Trichoplusia ni (Hbn.), Anthocaris midea (Hbn.). In the earlier biological papers cited
below, sonorensis was misidentified as perdistincta, now a synonym of flavicincta
(which see). My 1972 paper was directed at eliminating the taxonomic confusion of

Campoletis sonorensis
***authority mismatch
v/ith flavicincta, but the unusual pattern of the distribution known for

Campoletis sonorensis
***authority mismatch
in North America and the existence in the Canadian National Collection of a
series of sonorensis specimens labeled as collected at an altitude of 7500 ft. (at Sunshine
Lodge) in Banff Natl. Park, Alta. seem to indicate the need for further taxonomic study
in connection with studies of host relations, etc.

Limneria sonorensis Cameron, 1886. Biol. Cent.-Amer., Hym., v. 1, p. 307. [female].

Limnerium (Angitia) websteri Viereck, 1910. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 38: 382. ♀.

Taxonomy: Carlson, 1972. Ent. News 83: 75-82.

Biology: Noble and Graham, 1966. Jour. Econ. Ent. 59: 1118-1120. — Lingren, Guerra,
Nickelsen, and White, 1970. Jour. Econ. Ent. 63: 518-522. — Hollingsworth, Harstack, and
Lingren, 1970. Jour. Econ. Ent. 63: 1758-1761. — Hoelscher and Vinson, 1971. Ent. Soc.
Amer., Ann. 64: 1373-1376. —Lingren and Noble, 1972. Jour. Econ. Ent. 65: 104-107.
— Guillot and Vinson, 1972. Nature [London] 235: 169-170. —Vinson, 1972. Ent. Soc. Amer.,
Ann. 65: 229-236. —Vinson, 1972. Environmental Ent. 1: 409-413. —Vinson, 1972. Jour.
Insect Physiol. 18: 1501-1516. —Norton, Vinson, and Thurston, 1974. Electron Micros. Soc.
Amer., Proc. 32d: 140-141. —Wilson, Ridgway, and Vinson, 1974. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 67:
271-274. —Norton and Vinson, 1974. Internatl. Jour. Insect Morph. and Embryol. 3:
305-306, 309-311, 314-315. —Wilson and Ridgway, 1974. Environmental Ent. 3: 714-717.
(cocoon spinning). —Schmidt, 1974. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 67: 835-844. —Wilson and
Ridgway, 1975. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 68: 191-196. —Norton, Vinson, and Stoltz, 1975. Cell
Tissue Res. 162: 195-208. —Vinson, 1975. In Price, Evol. Strat. Paras. Insects and Mites, p.
29, 30, 31, 32, 34. — Dahlman and Vinson, 1976. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 69: 523-524.
—Lingren, 1977. Environmental Ent. 6: 72-76.

Campoletis striatipes (Ashmead)
N. H., N. Mex. The type-locality (not mentioned by Ashmead) is "Top of
[Las Vegas] range, [N. Mex.], betw[een] Sapello and Pecos Rivers, Ab[ou]t 11,000 ft.




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[elevation]." Townes and Townes (1951) indicated that the species is also known from
Mt. Madison, N. H.
Limneria striatipes Ashmead, 1901. Psyche 9: 148. ♀ (♂ misdet.).

Campoletis taeniolata (Viereck)
N. Mex. Known only from the holotype, which was collected at Beulah.

Limnerium taeniolata Viereck, 1903. In Skinner, Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 92. ♂.

Campoletis tibialis (Viereck)
Southern B. C, w. Wash.

Sagaritis tibialis Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 200 (key); 58 (3): 77. ♀.

Campoletis tibiator (Cresson)
Northern N. Y. s. to s.w. S. C. and n. Ala., w. to s.e. Iowa and n.e. Kans.
Host: Rhodophora gaurae (J. E. S.), geometrid on apple?
Mesoleptus tibiator Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 259. ♂.
Ischnoscopus taeniatus Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 305. ♀.

Campoletis yakutatensis (Ashmead)
Southeastern Alaska.

Ischnoscopus yakutatensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 236. ♂, ♀.

Genus CALLIDORA Foerster

Pantropa Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 155.

Type-species: Limneria albovincta Holmgren. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Townes, 1970. The designation of Townes (1970) reads: "{CalUdora
annellata Thomson) = alboviyicta Holmgren." Article 68 (c) of the International
Code of Zoological Nomenclature indicates that albovincta is the type-species by
monotypy in spite of the intentions of Townes, which apparently were that it be
annellata.
CalUdora Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 157.

Type-species: CalUdora annellata Thomson. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from two
species included by Thomson, 1887. The type-species is regarded as a synonym of
C. albovincta (Holmgren).
Neocallidora Ozols, 1966. Latv. Ent. 11: 49.

Type-species: Campoplex analis Gravenhorst. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is a small Holarctic and Oriental genus. No hosts are known.

Revision: Tigner, 1969. Mich. Ent. 2: 36-39 (spp. of world).

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 165-166.

Callidora surata Tigner
Central Tenn., s.w. N. Dak., central S. Dak., s. Tex., e. Wye, s. Alta., n. Utah.

CalUdora surata Tigner, 1969. Mich. Ent. 2: 39. ♂, ♀.

Callidora tegularis Tigner
Northeastern Pa., s.e. Mich.

CalUdora tegularis Tigner, 1969. Mich. Ent. 2: 38. ♂, ♀.

Genus CYMODUSA Holmgren

Cymodusa Holmgren, 1859 (1858). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad., Ofvers. af ... Forhandl. 15: 325.
Type-species: Cymodusa leucocera Holmgren. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Apparently the name leucocera is validated in this work by virtue of article 16 (a)
(vi) of the Internatl. Code of Zool. Nomenclature, even though Holmgren
indicated that he knew five Scandinavian species of Cymodusa.
Thersitia Schmiedeknecht, 1907. Hym. Mitteleuropas, p. 598.

Type-species: Thersitia egregia Schmiedeknecht. Monotypic. The type-species is
regarded as a synonym of leucocera Holmgren.

This is a Neotropic, Holarctic, and Oriental genus of moderate size.

Revision: Gupta and Gupta, 1974. Oriental Insects 8: 1-14 (Oriental spp.).

Cymodusa distincta (Cresson)
Maine w. to s. B. C, s. to n. Ga., n.e. Kans., Colo., and w. Oreg.
Mesoleptus subrubidus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 264. ♂.
Mesoleptus distinctus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 266. ♀.
Limnerium vigilis Viereck, 1906. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 32: 179. ♂.
Idechthis biconjunctus Viereck, 1906. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 32: 180. ♂.
Campoplex (Nepiera) amasecontonim Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat.
History Survey Bui. 22: 266. ♂.




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Cymodusa plesius Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 180 (key); 58 (1): 4. ♀.

Cymodusa melanocera Viereck
N. H. w. to s. B. C, s. to w. N. C. and s. Idaho.

Cymodusa melanocera Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 180 (key); 58 (1): 3. ♂.

Cymodusa graciliconiis Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 180 (key); 58 (1): 4. ♀.

Cymodusa nigripes (Viereck)
N. B., N. S.

Neonortonia nigripes Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 179 (key); 57 (12): 300. ♂.
Formerly preocc. in Campoplex by Gravenhorst, 1829 and Brulle, 1846.

Neonortonia laevissima Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 179 (key); 57 (12): 301. ♂.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 598 (syn. and first revisor choice of
names). — Walkley, 1958. In Krombein et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, sup. 1, p. 59
{nigripes suppressed because of secondary homonymy). —Walkley, 1967. In Krombein et
al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, sup. 2, p. 201 (transfer to Cymodusa as l&evissiina).

Cymodusa partis (Viereck)
Que.

Campoplex (Diadegma) partis Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 227 (key); 58 (11):
280. ♂.

Cymodusa provancheri Viereck
N. S.

Cymodusa provancheri Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 180 (key); 58 (1): 4. 9. In
1926 (p. 4) Viereck, in effect, selected a lectotype for provancheri and, at the same
place, wrote: "{Limneria) Cymodusa provancheri new name = Cymodusa distincta
Provancher, not Cresson." Walkley (1958) treated provancheri as a replacement name
for Limneria distincta Provancher, and Barron (1975) concurred with Walkley, stating
that "Viereck's designation of a holotype for provancheri is disallowed (Int. Code Zool.
Nom. art. 72 (d))." Article 72 (d), however, has no bearing on this case because Viereck
did not originally (i.e. 1925, p. 180) propose provancheri expressly as a replacement for
any prior name. Moreover, my knowledge of Viereck's idiosyncrasies leads me to believe
that he most likely proposed the name provancheri for what he thought to be
Provancher's misidentification of distincta (Cresson). Viereck frequently used the term
"new name" in that context. Although Viereck was very inconsistent, I regard it as
unlikely that he would have regarded a specimen that Provancher never saw as being
the holotype if he had intended the name provancheri to be a replacement name (cf.
Viereck's proposal of the replacement name Ameloctonus taeniopus). Also see
discussion under Campoletis distincta (Provancher).

Taxonomy: Walkley, 1958. hi Krombein et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, sup. 1, p. 59,
60. —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 462.

Genus CYMODUSOPSIS Viereck

Cymodusopsis Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 588.

Type-species: C ymodusopsis aristoteliae Viereck. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is a small Neotropic and Nearctic genus.

Cymodusopsis aristoteliae Viereck
N. J., Mo., S. Dak., n.e. Kans. Host: Aristotelia pudibundella (Zell.).
Cyynodusopsis aristoteliae Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 588. ♂, ♀.

Genus SPUDASTICA Foerster

Spudastica Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 155.

Type-species: Spudastica petiolaris Thomson. By-subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Thomson, 1887. The type-species is regarded as a synonym of
kriechbaumeri (Bridgman).

Townes (1970) indicated that this Holarctic genus appears to be represented by one species
which has a number of geographic variants. However, there appear to be at least two distinct
species in North America. I have seen specimens from Mass., N. J., Md., and Va. which appear to
represent an undescribed species which apparently occurs in swampy areas. S. kriechbaumeri
has been reared from species of the noctuid genus Orthosia.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 169.




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Spudastica canadensis Walley
Que^ Ont., Colo. Ecology: A specimen which seems to agree with Walley's
description of canadensis was reared from its cocoon which was collected under a stone
at Garden of the Gods, El Paso Co., Colo.
Spudastica canadensis Walley, 1944. Canad. Ent. 76: 157. cJ, 9.

Genus MELOBORIS Holmgren

Meloboris Hobngren, 1859 (1858). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad., Ofvers. af ... Forhandl. 15: 326.
Type-species: Meloboris gracilis Holmgren. Monotypic. Apparently the name
gracilis is validated in this work by virtue of article 16 (a) (vi) of the Internatl.
Code of Zool. Nomenclature, even though Holmgren indicated that he knew three
Scandinavian species of Meloboris.
Pseudocymodusa Habermehl, 1922. Konowia 1: 105.

Type-species: Cymodusa elachistae Brischke. Monotypic. The type-species is
regarded as a synonym of M. alternants (Gravenhorst).
Anoixis Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 180. N. syn.

Type-species: Anoixis alophus Townes. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is a small Holarctic genus. There are a number of undescribed Nearctic species. Ap-
parently there are no host records. Townes (1965, 1970) treated Nepiera as a synonym of
Meloboris, but I believe Nepiera is sufficiently different from Meloboris to warrant separation
of the two.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. 35: 413-414. -Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent.
Inst., Mem. 13: 172-174, 180-181. — Horstmann, 1970. Bayer. Ent., Nachrichtenbl. 19: 81-82,
83.

Meloboris alopha (Townes)
n. comb. N. H., R. I., s. Ont., Mich. I have seen a pair of specimens in the
Canadian Natl. Collection which have the nervellus intercepted by the discoidella (cf.
Townes' fig. 170).
Anoixis alophus Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 180. ♂, ♀.

Genus NEPIERA Foerster

Asinamora Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 155. N. syn.

Type-species: Ichneumon collector Thunberg. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965. The designation of Townes,
Momoi, and Townes (1965) reads: "{Limneria concinna Holmgren) = collector
Thunberg." Article 68 (c) of the Internatl. Code of Zool. Nomenclature indicates
that collector is the type-species by monotypy in spite of the intentions of
Townes, Momoi, and Townes, which presumably were that it be concinna.

Nepiera Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 156.

Type-species: Limneria concinna Holmgren. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Thomson, 1887. The type-species is regarded as a synonym of N.
collector (Thunberg).

This is a genus of small to moderate size. It is known to me only from the Neotropic, Holarc-
tic, and Australian Regions, but the placement of the Ethiopian species Limneria hehninda
Holmgren in Meloboris by Townes and Townes (1973) would presumably indicate that hehninda
is a species o{ Nepiera.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. 35: 414. —Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965.
Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 291. —Horstmann, 1970. Bayer. Ent., Nachrichtenbl. 19: 81-82,
83. —Townes and Townes, 1973. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 19: 155.

Nepiera basilaris (Provancher)
Que.

Limneria basilaris Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 147. "♂"=♀.The specimen indicated
as being the lectotype by Gahan and Rohwer (1917) and the holotype by Barron (1975)
was incorrectly stated by them as being a male. My notes on the holotype indicate that
is a female of the genus Nepiera, and that it is similar to and perhaps conspecific with

Nepiera benevola Gahan
My notes also indicate that the male in the Provancher collection does
not have the hind coxa black; it thereby fails to agree with Provancher's original
description. It represents an undescribed species of the genus Meloboris. In the U. S.




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Natl. Museum collection there is a female specimen, apparently conspecific with the
latter, which was identified as "Nepiera basilaris" by Dr. H. K. Townes in 1942. I
presume that the distribution given for basilaris by Townes and Townes (1951) pertains
to that undescribed species of Meloboris.

Nepiera benevola Gahan
Southern N. Mex., n. Utah., n.e. Oreg. Host: Colias eury theme Bdv.

Nepiera benevola Gahan, 1914. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 48: 157.

Nepiera curticauda (Viereck)
Southern B. C, w. Wash., w. Oreg., n. Calif.

Campoplex (Diadegma) curticauda Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 227 (key); 58
(11): 280. ♀.

Nepiera fuscifemora Graf
Western Wash. s. to s. Calif.; central Mexico. Host: Phthorimaea operculella
(Zell.), Argyrotaenia citrana (Fern.), Heliothis zea (Bod.), Peridroma saucia (Hbn.),
Spodoptera exigua (Hbn.), Trichgplusia ni (Hbn.), Cynthia cardui (L.).

NepeiraV.) benevola \a.T. fuscifemora Graf, 1917 (Feb.). U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 427: 46, 47.
9. In the first line of the paragraph on p. 46 headed "Nepeira benevola war. fuscifemora
Cushm." Graf said: "this parasite (fig. 44)." Figure 44 is on p. 47, and the fact that the
name in its legend is "Nepeira benevola" (omitting var. fuscifemora) is of no
significance. Walkley (1966) attempted to show that Graf figured benevola rather than

Nepiera fuscifemora
***authority mismatch
because "the figure shows the hind femora with the apices and bases dark,"
which she asserted "is true of benevola but not of fuscifemora." Walkley failed to
observe that Graf figured the inner surfaces of the femora, not the outer ones, and the
pattern of coloration shown in Grafs figure is altogether typical for the inner femoral
surfaces of fuscifemora, but has not been observed by me in specimens of benevola.

Nepiera benevola vaiT. fuscifemora Gahan, 1917 (May). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 208. ♂.
9. Preocc. by Graf, 1917 (Feb.).

Taxonomy: Walkley, 1966. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 68: 156.

Nepiera marginata (Provancher)
Que. w. to w. Wash., s. to w. N. C, Mo., s. N. Mex., and s. Calif. Host:

Actebia fennica (Tausch.), Graphiphora smithi (Snell.), Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haw.),

Cynthia cardui (L.), Vanessa atalanta (L.), Solenobia sp.
Campoplex marginatus Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 146. ♂, ♀.
Limneria brevicauda Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym. p. 88. ♀.
Limnerium brevicaudum Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 91. Emend.
Campoplex (Amelocto7ius) intimus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 224 (key); 58

(10): 260. ♀.
Meloboris brevicauda Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 281. Nomen nudum.

Taxonomy: Gahan and Rohwer, 1917; 1918. Canad. Ent. 49: 433; 50: 29 (Provancher type
specimens). —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 435, 504 (Provancher type specimens).

Biology: Guppy, 1961; 1967. Canad. Ent. 93: 569; 99: 96, 100.

Nepiera oblonga (Viereck)
Ont., n.w. Mich. Host: Ostrinia nubilalis (Hbn.).

Campoplex (Ameloctonus) obloiigus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 224 (key); 58
(10): 260. ♀.

Nepiera unica (Viereck)
Southeastern Ont.

Angitia (Dioctes) unicus Viereck, 1926. Canad. Ent. 58 (7): 182. ♂.

Genus PHOBOCAMPE Foerster

Hypothereutes Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 156.

Type-species: Hypotherentes(\) geometrae Ashmead. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Ashmead, 1898.
Phobocampe Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 156.

Type-species: Campoplex crassiusculus Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 fror.
eight species included by Thomson, 1887.
Phobocampa Thomson, 1887. Opusc. Ent. 11: 1120. Emend.

This is a Neotropic, Holarctic, and Oriental genus of moderate size. It is hoped that completion
of the task of preparing the present work will enable me to soon finish a long dormant revision
of the Nearctic species. My partially completed manuscript treats 21 Nearctic species (including




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one not indigenous), but several years ago I received specimens of one or two additional species.
The number of Palearctic species appears to be somewhat smaller. The small amount of
Neotropic material I have seen included four species.

Most species normally parasitize only macrolepidoptera which do not conceal themselves when
feeding. Many of the new host records which are given here are from specimens deposited in the
Canadian National Collection by the Canadian Forest Insect Survey.

Taxonomy: Finlayson, 1975. Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 94: 56-62 (final-instar larvae).

Morphology: Finlayson, 1964. Canad. Ent. 96: 1155-1158 (caudal appendages of some

final-instar larvae).

Phobocampe bicingulata
***authority mismatch
bicingulata (Gravenhorst). Newfoundland (Labrador), s.w. Alta., w. N. W. T.,

Yukon, n.w. B. C, interior Alaska; n.w. Asia (U. S. S. R.), Europe. Specimens agreeing in
coloration with this subspecies also occur in southern B. C. (as do intermediate
specimens), but because they are not the preponderant form there, southern B. C. is
treated as being within the range of the subspecies bicingulatus vemalis (Viereck). An
undescribed subspecies is known from Colo., N. Mex., and Ariz., and bicingulata
nipponensis Momoi is known from Japan.

Canipoplex bicingulatus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 527. ♂, ♀.

Phobocampe bicingulata f. ruficoxa Aubert, 1962. Rev. Franc. d'Ent. 29: 146. ♂, ♀. N. syn.

Phobocampe bicingulata
***authority mismatch
vernalis (Viereck), n. status. N. S. w. to n.e. Alta. and s. B. C, s. to s.w. S. C, n.

Ala., e. Nebr., s. Sask., s.e. Alta., and s. Calif. Ecology: The only rearings have been from
hosts (mostly Noctuidae) feeding on trees, but it is presumed that these rearings were
from ecotones between forest and open areas; the habitat of b. vemalis appears to tend
more toward the latter. The fact that b. vemalis is by far our most commonly collected
form of Phobocampe appears to relate in part to the fact that it occurs in open weedy
or grassy areas. Host: Anomogyna sp., Lithophane sp., Palthis angulalis (Hbn.),
Syngrapha rectangula nargenta (Ottol.), Ichthyiira sp., Eupithecia fletcherata Tay.

Canipoplex (Hypothereutes) vemalis Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist.
Survey Bui. 22: 264. 9 . Incorrectly suppressed as a synonym of elyi (Viereck) by
Townes and Townes (1951).

Canipoplex (Hyposoter) stenus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 204 (key); 58 (9):
220. ♂.

Campoplex (Anieloctonus) speciosus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 223 (key); 58
(10): 257. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1951. In Muesebeck et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2:

376.

Phobocampe clisiocampae (Weed)
N. S. w. to central Alta. and s. B. C, s. to n.w. S. C, n.w. Ark., and n.

Calif. Host: Malacosoma americanum (F.), M. califomicum pluviale (Dyar), M. disstria
Hbn., Datana ministra (Drury), D. perspicua (G. and R.), Heterocampa sp., Schizura
concinna (J. E. S.), S. ipomeae (Dbldy.), S. semirufescens (Wlk.), S. unicornis (J. E. S.),
Symmerista canicosta Francl., Paonias sp., Snierinthus jamaicensis (Drury), Sphinx
sp., Operophtera bricmata (L.), Actios luna (L.). Specimens reared from Operophtera
bTumata which I have seen were abnormal, and it seems unlikely that it is a suitable
host for clisiocampae.

Anieloctonus clisiocampae Weed, 1903. In Fiske, N. H. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 6: 230.
6, 9.

Campoplex {Ayneloctonus) congeneris Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 223 (key); 58
(10): 259. 9.N. syn.

Canipoplex {Ayneloctonus) certus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 223 (key); 58
(10): 257. ♀. N. syn.

Biology: Fiske, 1903. N. H. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 6: 188, 206-208, 223, 226.

Phobocampe confusa (Thomson)
N. B. w. to n.w. B. C, s. to n.w. Pa., Ohio, s. Sask., s. Alta., and n. Calif.;
Europe. Host: Nymphalis antiopa (L.), Polygonia faunus (Ed.), P. interrogationis (F.),
P. satyrus (Ed.).
Phobocampa confusa Thomson, 1887. Opusc. Ent. 11: 1122. 9




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eiyi (Viereck). Newfoundland (s. Labrador) w. to n. B. C, s. to e. and n.w. S. C, e. Nebr., Colo.,

and n. Calif. Host: Semiothisa sp. on Larix, S. sp. on spruce and fir, S. bicolorata {¥.), S.

bisignata (Wlk.), S. "granitata" auct., S. oweni (Swett), S. sexmaculata (Pack.), Lapara

bombycoides Wlk.
Hypothereutes elyi Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 590. ♀.

Phobocampe flavipes (Provancher)
Que. w. to e.-central B. C, s. to n.w. S. C, Mich., s. Man., s. Sask.,- s.

Alta., and s. B. C. Host: Alsophila ponietaria (Harris), Phigalea titea (Cram.),

Protoboarmia porcelaria (Gn.), Dasychira sp., D. vagans (B. and McD.)?, Amphypyra

pyraniidoides Gn., Catocala sp., noctuid, Orthosia revicta (Morr.), Zale sp.
Limneria flavipes Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 148. ♂.
Campoplex (Hypothereutes) acceptus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 204 (key); 58

(9): 224. ♀.

Phobocampe geometrae (Ashmead)
N. S. w. to s. B. C, s. to n. Ga., n. Ala., n.e. Kans., w. S. Dak. and n.e.

Calif. Host: Alsophila pometaria (Harris), Biston betularia cognataria (Gn.), Caripeta

divisata Wlk., Erranis tiliaria tiliaria (Harris), E. tiliaria vancouverensis Hulst,

Paleacrita vemata (Pack.). This species has been reared more frequently from Erranis

tiliaria than from all other hosts combined.
Hypotherentes{\) geometrae Ashmead, 1898. In Dimmock and Ashmead, Ent. Soc. Wash.,

Proc. 4: 167. ♂.
Campoplex (Hypothereutes) cmicisus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 204 (key); 58

(9): 224. Campoplex (Ischnoscopus) angustus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 223 (key); 58

(8): 198. ♀.

Phobocampe largo (Viereck)
revised status. Que. w. to s. B. C, s. to w. N. C, Colo., and w. Oreg. Host:

Trichoptilus lobidactylus (Fitch). Suppressed as a synonym of geometrae (Ashmead) by

Townes (1945).
Campoplex (Ischnoscopus) largo Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 223 (key); 58 (8):

198. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 647.

Phobocampe pallida (Cushman)
Mass., Conn., N. Y., N. J., s.e. Pa., Md. Host: Heterocampa guttivitta (Wlk.).

Callidora pallida Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 60: 20. ♀.

Phobocampe pallipes (Provancher)
Que. w. to n.w. B. C, s. to e. N. C, Iowa, s. Man., N. Mex., Ariz., and n.
Calif. Host: Noctuid, Syngrapha sp., S. alia interalia (OttoL), S. rectangula nargenta
(OttoL), S. selecta (Wlk.), Orgyia antiqua (L.), 0. definita (Pack.), 0. leucostigma (J. E.
S.), 0. pseudotsugata McD.

Limneria pallipes Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 147. ♀.

Limerium pallidipes Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 101. Emend.

Campoplex (Campoplex) arcanus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 226 (key); 58 (6):
146. ♀.

Phobocampe tempestiva (Holmgren)
Europe. Introduced in N. S. in 1955, 1957, 1961, and 1962 without
becoming established. Host: Operophtera brumata (L.). The host cited was the target
species for the introduction in N. S.; I have seen tempestiva specimens which were
reared from other geometrid hosts, but none of the latter occur in North America. This
species has frequently been misidentified as crassiuscula (Gravenhorst), the name
under which the introductions in N. S. have been reported (e.g. McGugan and Coppel,
1962; Embree, 1971). Voucher material I have seen would appear to indicate that
releases of tempestiva in N. S. were accompanied by releases of about equal numbers of
an undescribed species of Phobocampe which I also know as a parasite of Lymantria
dispar (L.) and which has been misidentified as P. disparis (Viereck) in Japan (see

Phobocampe unicincta
***authority mismatch
[Gravenhorst]).

Limneria tempestiva Holmgren, 1860 (1858). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 2 (8):
94. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Aubert, 1972. Ent. Scand. 3: 149 (lectotype selection).

Biology: Wyhe, 1960. Entomophaga 5: 120-121 (as "crassiuscula" presumably pertaining to
spp., including tempestiva). —McGugan and Coppel, 1962. Commonwealth Inst. Biol.




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Control, Tech. Commun. 2: 66, 171. — Embree, 1971. Commonwealth Inst. Biol. Control,

Tech. Commun. 4: 170, 172, 174.

Phobocampe unicincta (Gravenhorst)
Southeastern N. H., n.w. Mass., e.-central N. Y., n.e. Pa.; Europe.

Introduced. Host: Lymantria dispar (L.). The native range of this species extends into
eastern Europe, but unicincta is not known to me from Asia or from any European
locality east of Moscow, U. S. S. R. It has been recorded as a parasite of Lymantria
dispar in Japan (as Phobocanipe disparis), but those records pertain to the undescribed
species referred to above in the discussion of P. tempestiva, and they probably also
pertain in part to Hyposoter vierecki Townes. I suspect that unicincta does not occur in
Japan. Muesebeck and Parker (1933) found unicincta to be a univoltine species, this fact
apparently explaining the relative ease with which it was established in the United
States.

Campoplex unicinctus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 529. ♀ (♂ misdet.).
Lectotype here selected as the female in the Gravenhorst collection labeled as lectotype
by Townes in 1964 and by me in 1969 and bearing Gravenhorst's small label marked "f"
(see Townes, 1965, p. 405). In his description of confusa, Thomson (1887) indicated that
he regarded Gravenhorst's description of the C. unicinctus male as applying to confusa,
and Gravenhorst's description of the male seems to agree with Thomson's conclusion.

Hyposoter disparis Viereck, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 40: 478. 6, 9. Lectotype here
selected as the female in the U. S. Natl. Museum collection bearing Viereck's
identification label and labels reading: "Gip Moth Lab No. 529 —07; 20 Aug.; Type No.
13074 U. S. N. M." Muesebeck and Parker (1933, p. 335) saw notes which indicated that
the type locality is probably Kiev, U. S. S. R.

Taxonomy: Thomson, 1887. Opusc. Ent. 11: 1122. —Townes, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. 35:
403-407 (labeling in the Gravenhorst collection of Ichneumonidae).

Biology: Howard and Fiske, 1911. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Bui. 91: 191. —Howard, 1914.
Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 7: 87 (establishment). —Burgess and Grossman, 1929. U. S. Dept.
Agr., Tech. Bui. 86: 49-54. —Muesebeck and Parker, 1933. Jour. Agr. Res. 46: 335-347.
— Semevskiy, 1973. Ent. Obozr. 52: 44 (probably the sp. misdet. as pulchella [Thomson]).

Genus TRANOSEMA Foerster

Tranosema Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 157.

Type-species: Tranosema arenicola Thomson. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from three
species included by Thomson, 1887.

This is a small Holarctic genus. I know only two species, both of which have Holarctic dis-
tributions. The species Limneria interrupta Holmgren and Campoplex (Angitia) rosanae
Viereck, which were placed in Tranosema by Townes (1970), are here regarded as species of
Diadegma {rosanae being a synonym of D. acronyctae [Ashmead]).

Taxonomy: Walley, 1966. Canad. Ent. 98: 832-835 (treatment of the two identified spp.

occurring in the Nearctic Region). —Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 13:

176-177.

Tranosema rostrale
***authority mismatch
rostrale (Brischke). Que. w. to B. C, s. to n. N. Y., n. Mich., n. Minn., w. Mont., and w.
Wash.; Europe. Host: Malacosoma califomicum pluviale Dyar?, Aphelia alleniana
(Fern.), Archips argyrospilus (Wlk.), A. rosanus (L), Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.),
C. lambertiana (Bsk.). T. rostrale ahithim. Momoi (1968) is known from Japan.

Limneria rostralis Brischke, 1880. Naturforsch. Gesell. Danzig, Schr. (n. f.) 4: 150. ♂, ♀.

Tranosema arenicola Thomson, 1887. Opusc. Ent. 11: 1138. ♂, ♀.

Tranosema arenicolum Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 107. Emend.

Campoplex (Ayigitia) cacoeciae Viereck, 1924. Canad. Ent. 56: 76. ♀. N. syn.

Taxonomy: Momoi, 1968. Kontyu 36: 180-181. — Aubert, 1971. Soc. Ent. de Mulhouse, Bui. 27:
38 (syn.).

Biology: Zwoelfer, 1963. Ztschr. f. Angew. Ent. 51: 348. — Paradis and Leroux, 1965. Ent.
Soc. Canada. Mem. 43: 49.




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Tranosema taeniopus (Viereck)
Newfoundland (s. Labrador), P. E. I., Que., Ont, s.e. Alaska, s.e. B. C, w.

Wash.; Europe.
Hypothereutes annulipes Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 236. 9. Formerly

preocc. in Campoplex by Cresson, 1864.
Campoplex (Ameloctonus) taeniopus Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 223. N. name for

H. annulipes Ashmead.

Genus DOLOPHRON Foerster

Dolophron Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 155.

Type-species: Limneria pedella Holmgren. Monotypically included and desig. by
Townes, 1970.

Townes (1970) said that this is a Holarctic genus including pedella and two undescribed spe-
cies, one North American and one Japanese. D. pedella is the only species known to me; I have
in the past identified as Dolophron a few Nearctic specimens which were sent to me for identifi-
cation, but now regard those specimens as representing an unidentifled species of Synetaeris.

Dolophron pedella (Holmgren)
Europe. Introduced in N. H. in 1931 without becoming established. Host:
Heterarthrus nemoratus (Fall.). According to Dowden (1941) only 12 mated females
were released in the attempt to establish pedella in N. H. on H. nemoratus.

Limneria pedella Hohngren, 1860 (1858). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. s.) 2 (8): 73.
6, 9.

Tranosema pedellum Dalla Torre, 1901. Hym. Cat., v. 3, p. 107. Emend.

Synetaeris albicoxis Schmiedeknecht, 1909. Opusc. Ichn., v. 4, p. 1670. ♀.

Taxonomy: Cushman, 1933. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 82 (14): 16 (variation). — Hinz, 1964.
Entomophaga 9: 71 (lectotype selected). —Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13:
175 (syn.).

Biology: Dowden, 1941. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 757: 8, 9, 11, 22-25, 51.

Genus SYNETAERIS Foerster

Synetaeris Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 155.

Type-species: Synetaeris heteropus Thomson. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from three
species included by Thomson, 1887.

This is a smaU genus; it is known to me from the Holarctic and Ethiopian Regions. There are a
number of unidentified or undescribed Nearctic species, some of which will probably prove to be
Holarctic species that have already been described from Europe or Asia.

Synetaeris hyalina (Provancher)
n. comb. Que.

Limneria hyalina Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 147. 9 {6 misdet.). Townes (1945) and
Barron (1975) have applied this name to Campoplex crassatus (Viereck), contrary to the
valid lectotype selection of Gahan and Rohwer (1918). Barron's rejection of the Gahan
and Rohwer lectotype because of what he regarded as lack of agreement with the
original description has no validity. Because Provancher stated that he had two females
and one male, lack of agreement with the original description does not prove that the
Gahan and Rohwer lectotype was not one of Provancher^s syntypes. Gahan and Rohwer
(1918) evidently thought the specimen agreed sufficiently weU with the description to
have been a syntype, and their lectotype selection stands as valid unless evidence of
some other sort is found to prove that the specimen they selected was not a syntype.

Taxonomy: Gahan and Rohwer, 1918. Canad. Ent. 50: 28. —Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc,
Mem. 11: 596-597. -Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 484.

Synetaeris tenuifemur (Walley)
N. B., Ont., e. B. C. Host: Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.).
Synetaeris tenuifemur Walley, 1963. Canad. Ent. 95: 23. ♂, ♀.

Biology: Miller and Renault, 1963. Canad. Ent. 95: 24-28.

Genus PHILOSITUS Townes

Philositus Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 187.




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Type-species: Philositus enchophorus Townes. Monotypic and orig. desig.
A single species is known.

Philositus enchophorus Townes
Maine, Conn., N. Y., N. J., Pa., s.e. Va., Ont. w. Wash. Host: Tetralopha
sp., T. aplastella Clem., lepidopteran on poplar.
Philositus enchophorus Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Me. 13: 188.
Taxonomy: Barron and Bisdee, 1977. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 70: 48-50 (final-instar larva).

Genus MACRUS Gravenhorst

Macrus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 707.

Type-species: Macrus filiventris Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.

Two species are known.

Revision: Horstmann, 1970. Bayer. Ent. Nachrichtenbl. 19: 80-81.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 178.
parvulus solenobiae (Ashmead). Maine, Mass., N. Y., N. J., Del., Mo. Host: Solenobia walskella
Clem., Grapholitha molesta (Bsk.).
Limneria solenobiae Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 433. ♂.

Taxonomy: Horstmann, 1970. Bayer. Ent., Nachrictenbl. 19: 80, 83 (status revised).

Genus ENYTUS Cameron

Diodes Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 153. Preocc. by Menetries, 1849
and Reichenbach, 1850.

Type-species: Campoplex exareolatus Ratzeburg. Deig. by Viereck, 1914 from two
species included by Schmiedeknecht, 1907. The type-species is regarded as a
synonym of E. apostata (Gravenhorst).
Enytus Cameron, 1905. Invertebrata Pacifica 1: 132.

Type-species: Enytus maculipes Cameron. Monotypic.
Inareolata Ellinger and Sachtleben, 1928. Intematl. Corn Borer Invest., Sci. Rpts. 1: 117.
N. name for Diodes Foerster.

This is a small to moderate-sized genus of Holarctic and Neotropic distribution. Contrary to
the discussion of Horstmann (1970), Enytus can be recognized more or less as defined by
Townes (1970).

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 177-178. —Horstmann, 1970.
Bayer. Ent., Nachrichtenbl. 19: 82-83.

Enytus albipes (Provancher)
Que., Conn., R. I., N. Y. The species was inadvertently placed in
Casinaria by Barron (1975).
Porizon albipes Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 364. ♀.
Nemeritis ocellatics Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 178 (key); 58 (7): 179. 6. In
the 1926 part of Viereck's paper as "Campoplex (Nemeritis) ocellatus."

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 178 (transfer to Enytus).
—Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 420-421.

Enytus alticola (Cushman)
n. comb. N. H. Known only from the holotype, which was collected on Mt.
Washington.
Zaporus alticola Ashmead, 1906. In Slosson, Ent. News 17: 324. Nomen nudum.
Diodes alticola Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (8): 11. ♀.

Enytus eureka (Ashmead)
Southwestern Idaho, B. C. s. to s. Calif. Host: Archips argyrospilus (Wlk.),
Argyrotaenia dorsalatia (Dyar), C horistoneura rosaceana (Harris), Cnephasia longana
(Haw.), Pande7nis limitata (Rob.), Malacosoma califomicum pluviale Dyar?, Acrobasis
vaccina Riley.
Limneria eureka Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 436. ♂.
Enytus maculipes Cameron, 1905. Invertebrata Pacifica 1: 132. ♀.

Campoplex (Diodes) rosaceanae Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 227 (key); 58 (7):
181. ♀.




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Enytus montanus (Ashmead)
n. comb. N. B. w. to interior Alaska, s. to Maine, Mich., N. Mex., and n.

Cahf.; Greenland; Europe. Host: Dioryctria sp.?, Zeiraphera sp., Z.fortunona Kft.,

Acleris variana (Fern.), Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), C. occidentalis Free., leaf

roller on poplar, leaf tier on Vaccinium.
Isclmocerus mo7itanus Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 418. ♀.
Neineritis conodor Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 178 (key); 58 (7): 179. 9. In the

1926 portion of Viereck's work as "Campoplex (Nemeritis) concolor[!]." N. syn.
Angitia {hiareolata) laticeps Roman, 1938. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (11) 1: 541. ♂, ♀.

Formerly preocc. in Diadegma by Viereck, 1925. N. syn.
Horogenes patens Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 659. N. name for A. (/.)

laticeps Roman.

Taxonomy: Horstmann, 1969; 1973. Beitr. z. Ent. 19: 441; 23: 132, 134.

Enytus obliteratus (Cresson)
N. Y. and Ont. s. to n. Fla., w. to central Nebr. Host: Grapholitha
molesta (Bsk.), Paralobesia viteana (Clem.), Rhyacionia fnistrana (Comst.)?,
Anthophila pariana (Clerck), Homadaula albizziae Clarke, Coleophora serratella (L.),
Arogalea cristifasciella (Cham.), Acleris minuta (Rob.), Argyrotaenia velutinayia (Wlk.).

Mesoleptus obliteratus Cresson, 1874. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 260. ♀.

Limneria elegans Weed, 1887. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Bui. 3: 40. ♀.

Limneria salicicola Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 437. 9. I believe that
the data which Ashmead gave for the holotype may not apply to it (see discussion of the
holotype of Diadegma acronyctae [Ashmead]).

Limneria salicicolum Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 103. Emend.

Thymaris slingerlandana Ashmead, 1904. Canad. Ent. 36: 333. ♀.

Nemeritis dolichounis Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 178 (key); 58 (7): 178. ♀.

Biology: Boyce, 1947. Ent. Soc. Ont., Ann. Rpt. 77: 21, 22, 24, 27, 28, 29, 33. —Allen, 1962. U.
S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1265: 49-50. — Dustan and Boyce, 1966. Ent. Soc. Ont., Ann. Rpt.
96: 100, 101, 102.
oculus (Viereck), n. comb. Ont., s.w. Alta. Host: Geometrid?, Operophtera bniceata (Hulst)?
The host records are queried because Geometridae seem unlikely to be hosts for
members of this genus.
Nemeritis oculus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 178 (key); 58 (7): 179. 6. In the
1926 portion of Viereck's paper as "Campoplex (Nemeritis) oculus."

Genus DIADEGMA Foerster

Angitia Holmgren, 1859 (1858). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad., Ofvers. af ... Forhandl. 15: 327.
Preocc. by Walker, 1858.

Type-species: Angitia glabricula Holmgren. Monotypic.
Diadegma Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 153.

Type-species: Campoplex crassicomis Gravenhorst. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Schmiedeknecht, 1907.
Pectenella Morley, 1915 (1916). Ichn. Britannica, v. 5, p. 65, 173, 174, 175, 183, 342, 364, 392.
The preoccupied variant spelling Pectinella appeared on pages 65 and 183 ( 1965).

Type-species: Angitia latungula Thomson. Monotypic.
Areolina Enderlein, 1921. Stettin. Ent. Ztg. 82: 41.

Type-species: Areolina imbecilla Enderlein. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Nothanomaloides Viereck, 1925. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans. (3) 19 (5): 272.

Type-species: Nothanomaloides stenosomus Viereck. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Neoarthula Rao, 1953. Indian Forest Rec, New Ser., Ent. 8: 179.

Type-species: Neoarthula pierisae Rao. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Diadegma subg. Neoangitia Horstmann, 1969. Beitr. z. Ent. 19: 414.
Type-species: Angitia glabricula Holmgren. Orig. desig.

This is a very large genus of worldwide distribution. Horstmann (1969) recognized three sub-
genera; he applied the name Nythobia Foerster to the largest subgenus. I am not convinced that
the name Nythobia should be applied to anything other than its type-species, N. pusio
(Holmgren).




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Revision: Walley, 1967. Canad. Ent. 99: 925-943 (spp. of the "stenosonms complex").
—Horstmann, 1969; 1973. Beitr. z. Ent. 19: 413-472; 23: 131-150 (European spp.).

Taxonomy: Townes, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. 35: 413-415. -Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent.

Inst., Mem. 13: 178-179. —Townes and Townes, 1973. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 19: 155

(generic syn. revised).

Diadegma acronyctae (Ashmead)
Newfoundland (insular) w. to s. Sask., s. to w. N. C, n. Mich, and Colo.
Host: Ancylis coniptana (Froel.), microlepidoptera on Salix, Acleris variana (Fern.),
Archips rosanus (L.).

Liinneria acronyctae Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 194. S. Ashmead cited no
locality for the holotype, and the host data Ashmead cited are erroneous. Circumstantial
evidence indicates that the data which Ashmead (1890) and Riley and Howard (1890)
cited for the holotype oi Limneria salicicola Ashmead (the latter say: "Inquilinous
Lepid. Larvae in willow gall, London, Ontario, March 1872") apply also, if not
exclusively, to the holotype of acronyctae. This appears to be supported by the fact
that several acronyctae specimens in the Canadian Natl. Collection emerged from galls
on willow. The latter were apparently referred to by Finlayson (1975).

Campoplex (Angitia) rosanae Viereck, 1924. Canad. Ent. 56: 68. ♀. N. syn.

Campoplex {Ischnoscopus) altenis Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 223 (key); 58
(8): 196. ♀. N. syn.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 177 (placed rosanae in
Tranosema). —Finlayson, 1975. Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 94: 63, 64-65, 121, 137.

Biology: Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 437. —Riley and Howard, 1890. U.
S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 3: 158 (data for Limneria salicicola Ashmead).

Diadegma acutum (Viereck)
Idaho, B. C. s. to n. Calif. Host: Platyptilia carduidactyla (Riley). Other

host records have been published, but I am reluctant to regard them as being correct

without seeing specimens pertaining to them.
Campoplex (Hyposoter) vaticouverensis Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 203 (key);

58 (8): 200. ♀.
Campoplex (Hyposoter) acutus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 203 (key); 58 (8):

200. ♀.
Angitia platyptiliae Cushman, 1939. Pan-Pacific Ent. 15: 183. ♂, ♀.

Biology: Lange, 1941. Calif. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 53: 22, 67.

Diadegma aestivale (Viereck)
N. S. w. to w. Ont., s. to n. Va. Host: Psilocorsis sp. on Myrica gale, P.
cryptolechiella (Cham.), P. reflexella Clem.
Angitia aesitivalis Viereck, 1921. Psyche 28: 71. ♀.

Taxonomy: Walley, 1967. Canad. Ent. 99: 926, 933-934.

Diadegma albertae (Walley)
Northern Alta.

Aiigitia albertae Walley, 1929. Canad. Ent. 61: 191. ♀.

Diadegma albicinctum Walley
Colo. Known only from the holotype, which was collected near Bond at an
elevation of 7000 ft.
Diadegma albicincta Walley, 1967. Canad. Ent. 99: 941. ♀.

Diadegma antennaellae (Walley)
N. Y., n. Va., Ont. Host: Coleophora sp. on rose, C. alniella Heinr., C.
serratella (L.).
Campoplex (Angitia) antennaellae Walley, 1932. Canad. Ent. 64: 182. ♀ (♂ misdet.).

Diadegma blackburni (Cameron)
Northwestern Oreg., w. Calif.; Hawaii. Adventive? Host: Phthorimaea
operculella (Zell). I have seen six specimens from North America; three of them were
collected in 1897 (two at Hood River, Oreg.; one at Baden, Calif.); two of them were
reared from the host cited at Chino, Calif., apparently in 1920. Other hosts have been
recorded in Hawaii by Swezey (1907, 1915). Reports of the occurrence of blackburtii in
Bermuda are almost certainly erroneous; they appear to pertain to compressum
(Cresson). Species appearing to be related to blackburni are Oriental, suggesting that

Diadegma blackburni
***authority mismatch
may be adventive in North America as well as in Hawaii.
Limneria blackburni Cameron, 1883. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 31: 192. [female].
Limneria hawaiiensis Cameron, 1886. Manchester Lit. and Phil. Soc, Mem. and Proc. (3)
10: 241. [female].




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Biology: Swezey, 1907. Hawaii. Sugar Planters' Assoc, Expt. Sta., Bui., Ent. Ser. 5: 43-45; pi.
6, fig. 2. -Swezey, 1915. Hawaii. Ent. Soc, Proc. 3: 106-107.

Diadegma buckelli (Viereck)
Southern B. C.

Campoctonoides buckelli Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 177 (key); 58 (12): 296. ♀.

Diadegma californicum Walley
Western Wash., n.e. Calif.

Diadegma califomica Walley, 1967. Canad. Ent. 99: 932. ♂, ♀.
Carolina Walley. N. C.-Tenn. Known only from two localities situated on the border between

N. C. and Tenn. in Gt. Smoky Mts. Natl. Park.
Diadegma Carolina Walley, 1967. Canad. Ent. 99: 930. ♂, ♀.

Diadegma chrysostictum (Gmelin)
Que., Maine, Conn., N. Y., Ont., Mich., w. Wash., w. Oreg.; Eurasia.

Adventive. Host: Anagasta kuehniella (Zell.), Galleria mellonella (L.), Plodia

interpunctella (Hbn.)?, borer in Iris pod.
Ichneuvion chrysostictos Gmelin, 1790. hi Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 13, v. 1, p. 2721. ♀.
Campoplex (Angiiia) kiehtani Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist.

Survey Bui. 22: 265. ♀.
Campoplex {Angiiia) woonandi Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist.

Survey Bui. 22: 265. ♂.
Angitia galleriae Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 266. ♂, ♀. N. syn.
Campoplex (Hyposoter) petiolatus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 204 (key); 58

(9): 221. ♀.
Campoplex (Hyposoter) curtus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 204 (key); 58 (9):

221. ♀.
Campoplex (Hyposoter) triangularis Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 204 (key); 58

(9): 222. ♀.
Campoplex (Diadegma) costata Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 227 (key); 58 (11):

279. ♀.
Campoplex (Eulimneria) bakeri Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57 (10): 278. ♀.
Angitia incipiens Walley, 1929. Canad. Ent. 61: 192. ♀.

Horogenes chrysosticta corsieator Aubert, 1961. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. 130: 183. ♂, ♀.
Diadegma chrysosticta orientator Aubert, 1965. Soc. Ent. de Mulhouse, Bui. 17: 67. ♀.

Taxonomy: Walley, 1959. In Fisher, Canad. Jour. Zool. 37: 429. — Horstmann, 1969; 1973.
Beitr. z. Ent. 19: 462, 465, 467, 468; 23: 132.

Biology: Thorpe, 1938. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc, Ser. A: Gen. Ent. 13: 58-59. —Richards,
1949. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc, Ser. B: Taxonomy 18: 31-32. —Fisher, 1959. Canad.
Jour. Zool. 37: 429-446. —Fisher, 1961. Jour. Expt. Zool. 38: 267-275. —Fisher, 1962.
Ecology 43: 314-316.

Diadegma combinatum (Holmgren)
Greenland?; Europe. The species was recorded from Greenland by

Roman (1933), but Roman's identification would be questionable in view of Horstmann's

(1969) finding that the Holmgren collection no longer contains any type material of

combinatum.
Livineria combinata Holmgren, 1860 (1858). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. s.) 2: (2):

62. ♂, ♀.
Diadegma combinata alpinator Aubert, 1970. Soc. Ent. de. Mulhouse, Bui. 26: 69, 9.

Taxonomy: Roman, 1933. Norges Svalbard-og Ishavs-undersokelser, Skrifter om Svalbard og
Ishavet 53: 11. —Aubert, 1968. Schweiz. Ent. Gesell., Mitt. 41: 189. —Horstmann, 1969;
1973. Beitr. z. Ent. 19: 447-448; 23: 132, 137.

Diadegma compressum (Cresson)
Maine, S. Dak., and Utah, s. to Va., Tex., and s. Calif.; Bermuda, n.

Mexico. Host: Phthorimaea operculella (Zell.), Paralobesia viteana (Clem.), Frechinia

helianthiales (Murt.).
Mesoleptus compressus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 260. ♂.
Limneria femigineipes Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 432. ♂.
IdectkisV.) paenerivalis Viereck, 1906. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 32: 216. ♂, ♀.
Campoplex (Angitia) oedemisifomiis Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat.

Hist. Survey Bui. 22: 265. ♂.
Campoplex (Campoplex) nificoxalis Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 226 (key); 58

(6): 144; 58 (7): 176. ♂.




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Diadegma comptoniellae (Viereck)
Que. w. to Minn., s. to Pa. Host: Acrobasis betulella Hulst, A.
caryivorella Rag., A. comptoniella Hulst, A. nibrifasciella Pack., A. sylviella Ely.
Cushman indicated that four of his paratypes, which are labeled "ex tortricid," were
reared from "Gelechia irialbamaculella Chambers or (Olethreutes) Peronea permutana
Duponche." Therefore, neither of the present equivalents of those names can be cited
with any certainty as a host.
Campoplex (Hyposoter) comptoniellae Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 204 (key);

58 (9): 219. Campoplex digitatus Cushman, 1926. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 67 (23): 11.

Diadegma crassulum Walley
N. S., Maine, N. Y., Ont. Host: Coleopkora asterosella McD., C. granifera
Braun.
Diadegma crassula Walley, 1967. Canad. Ent. 99: 935. ♂, ♀.

Diadegma discoocellellae (Viereck)
D. C. Host: Chio7iodes violaceofusca (ZelL).

Limnerium (Horogenes) discoocellellae Viereck, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 39: 404. ♀.

Diadegma falciferum Walley
Southwestern Alta.

Diadegma falcifera Walley, 1967. Canad. Ent. 99: 938. ♀.

fenestrale (Holmgren). Oreg.?; Eurasia. Specimens in the U. S. Natl. Museum collection appear
to indicate th&t fenestrale was released against and recovered from Cnephasia longana
(Haw.) in Oregon in 1950. Host: Cnephasia longana (Haw.). My identification of the
specimens reared from Cnephasia longana is based upon agreement with a specimen
identified as fenestrale by Dr. Klaus Horstmann; the latter was in turn compared with
the fe7iestrale lectotype in 1976 and differed from it only in having the hind tibia more
strongly infuscate apically and basally. It should be mentioned here that the lectotype
selected by Townes, Momoi, and Townes (1965) is invalid by virtue of the prior selection
of another specimen by Hinz (1964). Horstmann (1969) mentioned having specimens in
his collection which were reared from Plutella xylostella (L.) but gave no other host
records. Walley (1929) stated that there were "five specimens [in the Canadian National
Collection] from Ottawa, Ont., Sept., 1924 (A. Richardson) which answer to the
description of A[ngitia]fe7iestralis (Holmg.)." The occurrence oi fenestrale in Ont. has
not been confirmed.
Limneria fenestralis Holmgren, 1860 (1858). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 2 (8):
59. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Walley, 1929. Canad. Ent. 61: 193. —Boyd, 1934. Soc. Brit. Ent., Trans. 1: 135-138
(variation and comparison with encerophagum Horstmann, which was misdet. as "Angitia
cerophaga [Gravenhorst]"). —Hinz, 1964. Entomophaga 9: 70. —Townes, Momoi, and
Townes, 1965. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 296-297. —Horstmann, 1969; 1973. Beitr. z. Ent.
19: 460-461; 23: 133. —Gupta, 1974. Oriental Insects 8: 104-105.

Biology: Hardy, 1939. Bui. Ent. Res. 29: 352-355, 356, 357, 365, 371 (as compared with
encerophagum [= "cerophaga"]). —Lloyd, 1942. Rev. Canad. de Biol. 1: 633-634 (as
compared with encerophagum [= "cerophaga"]).

Diadegma glabriculum (Holmgren)
Newfoundland (n. Labrador), n. Que., n. Yukon; Europe.

Angitia glabricula Holmgren, 1859 (1858). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad., Ofvers. af ... Forhandl.

15:327. ♂, ♀.
Diadegma frigida Walley, 1967. Canad. Ent. 99: 941. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Horstmann, 1969; 1973. Beitr. z. Ent. 19: 427-428: 23: 133, 141.

Diadegma groenlandicum (Roman)
Western Greenland. Horstmann (1969) placed groenlandicum as a
synonym (with a query) of D. trochanteratum (Thomson). In 1976 I studied the
trochanteratum lectotype and the groenlandicum holotype; I compared my homotype
for the former with the holotype of the latter and do not think it possible that the two
names are synonymous.
Anilasta groenlandica Roman, 1916. Arkiv. for Zool. 10 (22): 11. ♀.

Taxonomy: Roman, 1934. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 14: 610. —Horstmann, 1969. Beitr. z.
Ent. 19: 456.




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Diadegma hospitum (Holmgren)
Northwestern Calif. Known only from the lectotype which was almost
certainly collected in the San Francisco vicinity, particularly in view of the fact that it
was collected by Kinberg (see Persson, 1971, p. 169).
Limneria hospita Holmgren, 1869 (1868). Eug. Resa, pt. 2 (Zool.), sect. 1 (Ins.), p. 416. cj.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 110 (lectotype selection). —Persson,
1971. Ent. Tidskr. 92: 164-172 (discussion of Eug. Resa voyage).

insulate (Cresson). N. H. w. to s. B. C, s. to s. Fla., s. Tex., and s. Calif.; West Indies and

Mexico s. to Venezuela; Hawaii. Host: Hellula undalis (F.), Piutella armoraciae Bsk., P.

xylostella (L.).
Mesolephis insularis Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 15. ♂.
Limneria polynesialis Cameron, 1883. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 31: 191. ♀.
Campoplex (Angitia) hellulae Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 631. ♀.
Angitia plutellae Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 583. ♀. N. syn.
Campoplex (Hyposoter) pygmaeus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 204 (key); 58

(9): 220. 9.N. syn.
Sagaritis congregator Walley, 1926. Canad. Ent. 58 (9): 225; 58 (10): 240. 6, 9. Described

on p. 225, but name deleted there through printer's error; name provided on p. 240. N.

syn.

Taxonomy: Timberlake, 1918. Hawaii. Ent. Soc, Proc. 3: 400. —Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent.
Soc, Mem. 11: 653-654, 660.

Biology: Marsh, 1917. Jour. Agr. Res. 10: 8. — Harcourt, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 420-421, 422,

423-426. -Harcourt, 1962. Ent. Soc. Ontario, Ann. Rpt. 93: 71. —Harcourt, 1963. In

LeRoux, Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 32: 56, 57, 61-62, 64.
interruptum pterophorae (Ashmead). N. S. w. to interior Alaska, s. to Pa., Mich., and n. Calif.
Host: Archips rosanus (L.), Argyrotaenia citrana (Fern.), Choristoneura conflictana
(Wlk.), C. rosaceana (Harris), Cnephasia longana (Haw.), "Tortrix" on apple, "Tortrix"
on filbert, olethreutid on rose, Spilo7iota ocellana (D. and S.). D. interruptum
interruptum (Holmgren) is European, and I have not studied specimens of it other than
the lectotype; therefore, I have little basis for judging the soundness of the subspecific
distinction of the Nearctic population (see Townes, 1970). I am in agreement with
Horstmann (1973) that placement of the present species in Diadegma is more justifiable
than was Townes' (1970) placement of it in Tranosema, but I am not yet willing to
accept Horstmann's suppression of interruptum as a synonym of praerogator
(Linnaeus), in spite of his statement (1973) that the type of praerogator is a typical
interruptum male. My confidence in the opinions of Dr. Horstmann ordinarily being
complete, I would regard the question of the identity of praerogator as being settled
were it not for the fact that he indicated that the type was labeled "salicis," but
neglected to refute or otherwise discuss Linnaeus' indication that praerogator had been
reared from the lymantriid Leucoma salicis (L.). The manner in which the praerogator
type is mounted (see Roman, 1932) and the supposed deterioration of the specimen with
time would seem to necessitate (1) consideration of the Linnaean host record and (2)
comparison of the praerogator type with males of Hyposoter species which could be
expected to parasitize L. salicis. This seems all the more necessary in view of the fact
that I have seen specimens of a European species of Hyposoter, not colored unlike
interruptum, which were reared from a lymantriid, and which have cocoons agreeing
with Roman's description of the one mounted next to the praerogator type.

Limneria pterophorae Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 435. 9. Contrary
to Ashmead's statement, the label of the holotype reads: "From Tortrix on apple."

Campoplex (Angitia) basizo7ia Viereck, 1924. Canad. Ent. 56: 67. 6. C. basizona had been
placed in Hyposoter by Townes (1945); the holotype was reared from Archips rosanus
(L.) and agrees well with other material of iyiterruptum pterophorae which I studied in
the Canadian Natl. Collection. N. syn.

Taxonomy: Roman, 1932. Ent. Tidskr. 53: 10 (type of /. praerogator). —Townes, 1945. Amer.
Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 660, 664. —Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 177.
—Horstmann, 1973. Beitr. z. Ent. 23: 134-135 (generic placement, suppression of name
interruptum).




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Diadegma johanseni (Viereck)
Que., R. I., S. Dak.

Campodcmoides jokanseni Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 177 (key); 58 (12): 297. cJ, 9.

Diadegma laricinellum (Strobl)
Europe. Introduced in Maine, N. H., Vt., Mass., Conn., N. Y., and Ont.
between 1931 and 1939 and very recently in Idaho, without becoming established, at
least at release sites in eastern North America. Host: Coleophora laricella (Hbn.). The
host cited was the target species for all of the introductions in North America. In most
publications the name nana (Gravenhorst) was applied to this species, but Horstmann
(1969) stated that the type of nana was not found in the Gravenhorst collection, and he
applied the name in accordance with specimens identified as nana in the Thomson
collection.
Angitia laricinella Strobl, 1904. Naturw. Ver. f. Steiermark, Mitt. 40: 86. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Horstmann, 1969; 1973. Beitr. z. Ent. 19: 439, 443; 23: 133-134.

Biology: Thorpe, 1933. Bui. Ent. Res. 24: 273-277, 288. — Dowden, 1934. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann.
27: 601-602, 603. —Graham, 1944. Ent. Soc. Ontario, Ann. Rpt. 74: 48-52. —Dowden, 1962.
U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Handb. 226: 11 (releases only). — McGugan and Coppel, 1962.
Commonwealth Inst. Biol. Control, Tech. Commun. 2: 38, 42, 79-80, 162, 199.

Diadegma laticeps (Viereck)
Southwestern B. C.

Campoplex {Hyposoter) laticeps Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 204 (key); 58 (9):

220. ♀.

Diadegma lyonetiae (Viereck)
Southern B. C. Host: Lyonetia speculella Clem.

Nenieritis lyonetiae Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 178 (key); 58 (7): 178. 6. In
the 1926 portion of Viereck's revision as "Campoplex {Nenieritis) lyonetiae."

Diadegma minutum (Viereck)
N. Y., N. C, Colo., B. C.

Campoplex (Hyposoter) minutus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 204 (key); 58 (9):

221. ♀. Preocc. by Holmgren, 1856 and also secondarily by Cushman, 1922; not renamed
here because of uncertain synonymy.

Diadegma mollipla (Holmgren)
Rhodesia, South Africa, Mauritius. Introduced in Calif, in 1966, without
becoming established. Host: Phthorimaea operculella (Zell.). The host cited was the
target species for the release in Calif. I have used the spelling mollipla and regard

Diadegma molliplum
***authority mismatch
as an unjustified emendation because mollipla is indecipherable; for that
reason Hobngren's proposal of it with an upper case M must be accepted as indicating
that it is a proper name, as was done by Dalla Torre (1901), who acted as first revisor in
transferring the species to Limnerium as mollipla.

Limneria Mollipla Hobngren, 1869 (1868). Eug. Resa, pt. 2 (Zool.), sect. 1 (Ins.), p. 417. ♂.

Limnerium stellenboschense Cameron, 1905. So. African Phil. Soc, Trans. 15: 200. ♀.

LimnieriumV.) iratum Cameron, 1905. Albany Mus., Rec. 1: 309. ♀.

Limnerium longiceps Cameron, 1906. So. African Mus., Ann. 5: 100. ♀.

Diadegma fasciannulata Morley, 1915. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 16: 340. Nomen
nudum.

Diadegma molliplum Townes and Townes, 1973. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 19: 156. Emend.

Taxonomy: Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 99. —Townes and Townes, 1973. Amer. Ent.
Inst., Mem. 19: 156 (syn. and lectotype selections).

Biology: Edwards, 1939. Mauritius Dept. Agr., Sci. Ser., Bui. 13: 7. — Oatman and Platner,
1966. Environmental Ent. 3: 264 (release only).

Diadegma obliteratellum (Viereck)
Southern B. C.

Campoplex (Hyposoter) obliteratella Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 204 (key); 58
(9): 222. ♀.

Diadegma obscurum (Cresson)
Que. w. to s. B. C, s. to Ind., Iowa, and Colo. Host: Crambus trisectus
(Wlk.), Ostrinia obumbratalis (Led.).
Mesoleptus obscunis Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 261. ♀.
Campoplex (Hyposoter) convergens Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 203 (key); 58

(8): 200. ♀.
Campoplex (Ischnoscopus) vinalis Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 223 (key); 58
(8): 197. ♀.




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Diadegma openangorum (Viereck)
Maine w. to s. B. C, s. to N. J., s. Tex., and s. Calif. Host:

Homoeosoma electellum (Hulst), Zophodia convolutella (Hbn.), "Tortrix" on gooseberry.
Campoplex (Angitia) openangorum Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist.
Survey Bui. 22: 265. ♂.

Diadegma paenesessile (Viereck)
Southeastern Ont.

Campoplex (Hyposoter) paenesessilis Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 204 (key); 58
(9): 222. ♀.

Diadegma parviforme (Viereck)
Mass. w. to s. B. C, s. to s. Miss, and central Tex. Host: Gelechia

trialbamaculella Cham., Acrobasis caryae Grt., A. juglandis (LeB.), A. vaccinii Riley.
Campoplex (Angitia) parviformis Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist.
Survey Bui. 22: 265. ♀.

Diadegma parvum (Provancher)
Que.

Limneria parva Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 147. ♀.

Diadegma pattoni (Ashmead)
Southeastern N. Y., s. Mich., Ill, Kans., and n. Ariz., s. to s. Fla., s. Tex.,
and s. Calif.; West Indies and Mexico s. to El Salvador; Hawaii. Host: Herpetogramma
pkaeopteralis (Gn.), Loxostege rantalis (Gn.), Loxostege sticticalis (L.), Udea rubigalis
(Gn.).
Limneria Pattoni Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 434. ♂.
Limneria eurycreontis Ashmead 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 434. ♀.
Limneria mississippiensis Ashmead, 1894. U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 7: 243. ♀.
Amorphota paenexareolata Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 309. ♂.
Amorphota confluens Viereck, 1906. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 32: 217. ♀.
Cymodsa simpliciconiis Viereck, 1916. Biol. Soc. Wash., Proc. 29: 168. ♀.

Diadegma pendulum Walley
Southeastern N. Y., n.w. S. C, s. Mich.

Diadegma pendula Walley, 1967. Canad. Ent. 99: 937. ♀.

Diadegma psilocorsis Walley
Conn., N. Y., N. J., Md., n. Va., e. N. C, Ont., Mich., Mo. Host: Psilocorsis
sp., P. cryptolechiella (Cham.), P. quercicella Clem.
Diadegma psilocorsis Walley, 1967. Canad. Ent. 99: 934. ♂, ♀.

Diadegma pulicalvariae Walley
P. E. I. w. to s. B. C, s. to e. N. C, n.w. S. C, and e.-central 111. Host:
Coleoteclinites sp., C. apicitripunctella (Clem.), Eucordylia atrupictella Dietz,
Pulicalvaria 7nartini Free., P. thujaella (Kft.).
Diadegma pulicalvariae Walley, 1967. Canad. Ent. 99: 928. ♂, ♀.

Diadegma solum (Viereck)
B. C, Wash.

Nemeritis solus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 179 (key); 58 (7): 180. 9. In the
1926 portion of Viereck's revision as "Campoplex (Nemeritis) solus."

Diadegma stenosomum (Viereck)
Que. w. to s. B. C, s. to w. N. C, n. Ohio, and n.w. Oreg. Host: Carcina
quercana (F.).
Nothanomaloides stenosomus Viereck, 1925. Roy. Soc. Canada, Proc. and Trans. (3) 19 (5):
272. ♀.

Diadegma trachas (Viereck)
Southern Alta.

Nemeritis trachas Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 179 (key); 58 (7): 180. 9. In the
1926 portion of Viereck's revision as "Campoplex (Nemeritis) trachas."

Diadegma truncatum (Viereck)
Arctic N. W. T.

Campoplex (Hyposoter) truncatus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 203 (key); 58
(8): 200. ♀.

Diadegma ungavae Walley
Newfoundland (n. Labrador), n. Que., Colo. Ecology: The specimens from
Colo, were collected at elevations of 11,700 ft. and 12,000 ft. in the Rocky Mts.
Diadegma ungavae Walley, 1967. Canad. Ent. 99: 939. ♂, ♀.

Genus ERIBORUS Foerster

Zaporus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 152.

Type-species: Campoplex dorsalis Gravenhorst. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Schmiedeknecht, 1907.
Eriborus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 153.

Type-species: Campoplex perfidus Gravenhorst. Desig. by Morley, 1913 from two
species included by Schmiedeknecht, 1907.




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Bosmina Cameron, 1899. Manchester Lit. and Phil. Soc, Mem. and Proc. 43 (3): 120.

Preocc. by Baird, 1845.

Type-species: Bosmina spinipes Cameron. Monotypic.
Hymenohosmina Dalla Torre, 1901. Wien. Ent. Ztg. 20: 52. N. name for Bosmina

Cameron.
Neobosmiiia Cameron, 1906. Entomologist 39: 250. Probably a lapsus for Hymenohosmina

Dalla Torre, as evidenced bt Cameron's inclusion of Bosmina mandibularis Cameron

and by the fact that he gave no indication that he was describing a new genus; possibly

not treatable as a lapsus without more definite proof.

Type-species: Neobosmina pilosella Cameron. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.

This is a large genus of the Old World. The number of Palearctic species appears to be small,
and it is my impression that more Eriborus species occur in the Oriental Region that in other
tropical and subtropical parts of the Old World.

Revision: Momoi, 1970. Pacific Insects 12: 384-388 (spp. of Ryukyu Archipelago).

Taxonomy: Townes, Townes, and Gupta, 1961. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 1: 243 (syn.). — Oehlke,
1964. Ent. Abhandl. 29: 571 (footnote). — Horstmann, 1969. Beitr. z. Ent. 19: 414, 415.

Eriborus molestae (Uchida)
Korea, Japan. Introduced between 1932 and 1953 at 321 localities from
Mass. w. to 111., s. to Ga. and Ark., according to Allen (1962); there was temporary
establishment at least from many of the releases between 1932 and 1937, but the species
has apparently not persisted anywhere in the United States. The host cited was the
target species for releases in the United States.
Diodes molestae Uchida, 1933. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 23: 148. ♀.

Biology: Garman, 1939. Conn. (State) Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 428: 65-66, 67. —Allen, Holloway,

and Haeussler, 1940. U. S. Dept. Agr., Cir. 561: 51-52. — Haeussler, 1940. U. S. Dept. Agr.,

Tech. Bui. 728: 21-24, 48-49, 59. —Allen, 1954. Jour. Econ. Ent. 47: 278. —Allen, 1962. U. S.

Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1265: 120.

Eriborus terebrans (Gravenhorst)
Mass. and Ont. w. to N. Dak., s. to Md., Ill, and Iowa; Eurasia.
Introduced. Host: Ostriyiia Jiubilalis (Hbn.), lepidopteran in red pine shoot? One
specimen in the U. S. Natl. Museum collection is labeled as having been reared from a
red pine tip infested by Rhyacionia buoliana (D. and S.).

Campoplex terebrans Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 503. ♂, ♀.

Angitia (.Diodes) gigantea Szepligeti, 1916. Mus. Natl. Hungarici, Ann. 14: 373. ♀.

Eugnomus pyraustae Okamoto, 1921. Hokkaido Agr. Expt. Sta., Rpt. 12: 15. ♂.

Angitia (Diodes) pundoria Roman, 1923. Ent. Tidskr. 44: 171. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Aubert, 1964. Soc. Linn, de Lyon, Bui. Mens. 33: 64 (syn.). —Townes, 1965.
Polskie Pismo Ent. 35: 410 (syn.). —Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965. Amer. Ent. Inst.,
Mem. 5: 304 (syn.). —Horstmann, 1969. Beitr. z. Ent. 19: 453-454.

Biology: Clark, 1934. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 455: 9, 11, 20-21, 28, 31. -Ellinger and
Sachtleben, 1929. Biol. Reichsanst. f. Land-u. Forstw., Arb. 17: 327. —Clark and Carter,
1943. Jour. Econ. Ent. 36: 120. —Baker, Bradley, and Clark, 1949. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech.
Bui. 983: 74, 75-90, 91.

Genus LATHROSTIZUS Foerster

Lathrostizus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 154.

Type-species: Lathrostiza stemocera Thomson. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from two
species included by Thomson, 1887.
Lathrostiza Thomson, 1887. Opusc. Ent. 11: 1153. Emend.

This is a small Holarctic genus. The known hosts include nematine sawflies of the genera Pon-
ta7iia, Euura, and Hoplocanipa.

Revision: Horstmann, 1971. Deut. Ent. GeselL, Mitt. 30 (1): 8-12; 30 (2): 16-18 (European
spp.).




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Lathrostizus euurae (Ashmead)
Western Mont., s.w. Idaho, Utah., s. Ariz., w. Nev., s. Calif. Host: Euura
sp. Pontania sp. I suspect that the species studied by Caltagirone (1964) and Finlayson
(1975) is not euurae.
Limneria emirae Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 433. 6, 9. The type
locality is Pahreah, Kane Co., Utah.

Biology: Caltagirone, 1964. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 57: 287-289 (possibly not euurae).
—Finlayson, 1975. Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 94: 80-81, 132, 137 (possibly not euurae).

Lathrostizus modestus (Brues)
Arctic N. W. T.

Diodes modestus Brues, 1919. Rpt. Canad. Arctic Exped. 1913-18, v. 3, pt. G, p. 23. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 187 (generic placement).

Genus OLESICAMPE Foerstcr

Limneria Holmgren, 1859 (1858). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad., Ofvers. af ... Forhandl. 15: 326.
Preocc. by Adams, 1851.

Type-species: Campoplex longipes Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1912. The
type-species is Gravenhorst's identification of Ichneumon longipes Mueller.
Olesicampe Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 153.

Type-species: Campoplex longipes Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1912 from 26
species included by Thomson, 1887. The type-species is Gravenhorst's
identification of Ichneumon longipes Mueller.
Omobonis Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 154.

Type-species: Omobonis kincaidi Davis. By subsequent monotypy from inclusion by
Davis, 1898.
Holocremnus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 157.

Type-species: Limneria cothumata Holmgren. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from 22
species included by Thomson, 1887.
Olesicampa Thomson, 1887. Opusc. Ent. 11: 1053, 1139. Emend.
Holocremna Thomson, 1887. Opusc. Ent. 11: 1053, 1176. Emend.
Limnerium Ashmead, 1900. Canad. Ent. 32: 368. N. name for Limneria Holmgren.
Zaplatystoma Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 177, 180, 181.

Type-species: Zaplatystoma typicum Viereck. By orig. indication and also
subsequent desig. of Viereck, 1926.

This is a large genus. As presently defined in the structural sense, it appears to include spe-
cies from all zoogeographic regions, but by far the greatest number of species occur in the
Holarctic Region. From our knowledge of the habits of a considerable number of the species oc-
curring in the Holarctic Region there has developed the supposition that parasitism of sawfly
larvae clearly distinquishes Olesicampe from Hyposoter (parasites of Lepidoptera larvae).
Structural differentiatiton of the two genera is rather arbitrary, however, particularly when one
looks at the world fauna, in which case the differentiation of Olesicampe from Lemophagus also
appears arbitrary. Although it seems certain that some of the species currently placed in
Olesicampe will prove not to be parasites of sawflies, it appears equally as certain that nearly all
of the Nearctic and Palearctic species of Olesicampe are parasites of sawflies. In all cases known
to me, Olesicampe species kill the host after it has spun its cocoon and emerge as adults from
the host cocoon.

Olesicampe alaskensis (Ashmead)
N. H., s.e. Alaska, B. C, Wash., Oreg.

Olesicampa alaskensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 235. cj.

Olesicampe annulata (Provancher)
Que.

Pyracmon annulatum Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11: 182. ♀.

Olesicampe atypica (Viereck)
Western B. C.

Pyracmonoides atypicum Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 177 (key); 57 (12): 300. ♂.

Olesicampe banffensis (Viereck)
Southeastern Man., s.w. Alta., Wash.

Campoplex (Ameloctonus) pauxillus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 224 (key); 58

(11): 278. ♀.
Campoplex (Ameloctonus) banffensis Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 224 (key); 58

(11): 278. ♀.




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Olesicampe barbata (Provancher)
Que., Conn., N. Y., N. J., Pa.

Menoleptus barbatus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 98. ♀.
Campoplex (Holocremnus) metacomet Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat.
Hist. Survey Bui. 22: 264. ♀.

Olesicampe beginii (Ashmead)
Que.

Prionopoda beginii Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 198. ♀.

Olesicampe benefactor Hinz
N. S., N. B., Maine, s.-central Pa., n. Minn., s. Man.; Europe. Introduced. Host:
Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.). The host cited was the target species for releases of

Olesicampe benefactor
***authority mismatch
in North America, and benefactor is not known to parasitize other species of
sawflies in Europe.
Olesicampe benefactor Hinz, 1969. Canad. Ent. 101: 181. ♂, ♀.

Biology: Muldrew, 1967. Canad. Ent. 99: 312-321 (as "sp. near nematonim" [Tschek]).
— Turnock and Muldrew, 1971. Commonwealth Inst. Biol. Control, Tech. Commun. 4:
182-186, 187-193. — Pschorn-Walcher and Zinnert, 1971. Commonwealth Inst., Biol. Control,
Tech. Bui. 14: 24-28. — Embree and Underwood, 1972. Canad. Ent. 104: 89-96.
—Pschorn-Walcher, 1972. Studienrichtung Forst-u. Holzwirtsch., v. 4, p. 461-464, 465, 467.
— Kulman, Thompson, and Witter, 1974. Gt. Lakes Ent. 7: 23-25.

Olesicampe brachyura (Ashmead)
N. Y., Mich.

Livtneria brachyura Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 431. ♀.
Limnerium brachyurum Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 91. Emend.

Olesicampe californica (Cresson)
Southern Calif.

Limneria californica Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 369. ♂.

Olesicampe cushmani (Viereck)
N. Y., N. C, Ont., Sask., Wash.

Campoplex (Anieloctonus) diversus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 224 (key); 58

(11): 277. ♀. Preocc. by Norton, 1863.
Campoplex (Ameloctonus) cushmani Viereck, 1926. Canad. Ent. 58 (11): 279. N. name for

C. (A.) diversus Viereck.

Olesicampe decora (Viereck)
Southern B. C.

Zaplatystoma decorum Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 181 (key); 58 (2): 31. ♀.

Olesicampe delicata (Viereck)
Ont.

Campoplex (Ameloctonus) delicatus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 224 (key); 58
(11): 278. ♀.

Olesicampe dentata (Provancher)
Que.

Macnis dentatus Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 150. 9. The "lectotype" selected by
Gahan and Rohwer (1918) was rejected by Barron (1975) in favor of a specimen which
agrees with the original description and appears to be the holotype.

Taxonomy: Gahan and Rohwer, 1918. Canad. Ent. 50: 28. —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102:

460, 548.

Olesicampe egregia (Viereck)
Ont.

Zaplatystoma egregium Viereck. 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 181 (key); 58 (2): 30. ♀.

Olesicampe extrema (Holmgren)
Greenland.

Limneria extrema Holmgren, 1872. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad., Ofvers. af ... Forhandl. 29 (6):

98. ♀.
Taxonomy: Roman, 1930. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 5: 287.

Olesicampe flaviclypeus (Viereck)
Que., R. I., N. Y., Va.

Limneria sericea Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 148. 6. Apparently preocc. m

Olesicampe by Campoplex sericeus Holmgren, 1856.
Holocremnus flaviclypeus Viereck, 1921. Psyche 28: 75. ♂.

Olesicampe flavirictus (Cresson)
Que., N. H., R. I., Conn., N. Y., Pa., S. Dak.

Mesoleptus flavirictus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 263. ♀.

Zaplatystoma cineremn Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 181 (key); 58 (1): 7. ♀.

Olesicampe fossata (Viereck)
Ont.

Pyracmon fossatum Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 180 (key); 58 (1): 6. ♂.

Johnsoni (Viereck). N. H.

Zaplatystoma johnsoni Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 181 (key); 58 (2): 32. ♀.




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Olesicampe kincaidi (Davis)
Western Wash.

Omobonis kincaidi Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 363. ♂.

Omoborus kincaidii Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 118. Emend.

Olesicampe lata (Viereck)
Southeastern Man., s.w. Alta.

Zaplatytitoma simplex Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 181 (key); 58 (2): 30. ♀.

Zaplatystonia latum Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 181 (key); 58 (1): 7. ♂.

Olesicampe lophyri (Riley)
Que. s. to n. Fla., w. to Minn, and n.e. Iowa. Host: Neodiprio)i abbotii (Leach),
N. lecontei (Fitch), N. piuetiDu (Nort.), A^. swainei Midd., N. sp. in virginiana comple.x.

Limneria lophyri Riley, 1877. Mo. State Ent., Ann. Rpt. 9: 32. ♂, ♀.

Biology: Tripp, 1961. Canad. Ent. 93: 51-52, 55 (also fig. fmal-instar larva). — Riordan, 1963.

Canad. Jour. Zool. 41: 1242.

Olesicampe macellator (Thunberg)
Europe. Introduced in N. S., N. B., Que., Vt., and Ont. between 1933
and 1940, without becoming established. Host: Gilpinia fnitetonwi (F.), G. polytovia
(Htg.). The hosts cited were apparently the ones from which rearings were made of
individuals released in North America, and most of the rearings were apparently from
G. polytonia. The target species for the releases in North America was G. hercyniae
(Htg.), and hercyniae was not recorded as a host of macellator by Oehlke (1966). Oehlke
apparently did not study type specimens other than that of Campoplex retectus Hartig,
and his suppression of retectus as a synonym of macellator is apparently based upon
Roman's (1912) suppression of Holocremna frutetonim Thomson as a synonym of
macellator. My notes on the lectotype oi fndetonim indicate that it probably pertains
to the present species, but there is a definite need for careful study by one revisor of all
three of the types in question. A specimen matched by me with one in the Holmgren
collection labeled as lectotype of Limneria cothurnata Holmgren (But possibly not yet
selected by publication) indicates that cothurnata is erroneously treated as a synonym
of macellator by Oehlke (1966) and Aubert (1973).

Ichneumon macellator Thunberg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem. 8:
265; 9: 320. [male].

Campoplex retectus Hartig, 1838. Jahresber. Fortschr. Forstwiss. Forstl. Naturk. 1: 272.
9.

Holocremna frutetomm Thomson, 1887. Opusc. Ent. 11: 1178. ♂, ♀.

Olesicam^pe ratzeburgi auct., 1936-1975. Limneria ratzeburgi Tschek (1871) was suppressed
with a query as a synonym of macellator by Oehlke (1966), but Aubert (1973) indicated
that synonymy to be incorrect.

Taxonomy: Tschek, 1871. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verb. 21: 64-65 (description of L.
ratzeburgi). —Roman, 1912. Zool. Bidr. Uppsala 1: 266, 291 —Oehlke, 1966 (1965). Beitr. z.
Ent. 15: 865-867. —Aubert, 1973. Soc. Linn. Lyon, Bui. Mens. 42: 23. — Finlayson, 1975.
Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 94: 78, 79-80 131, 137 (final-instar larva).

Biology: Finalyson and Reeks, 1936. Canad. Ent. 68: 160-166. —Morris, Cameron, and Jepson,

1937. Bui. Ent. Res. 28: 364-367. — Lovaszy, 1939. Ent. Soc. Fenn., Ann. 5: 226-228.

—Finlayson and Finlayson, 1958. Canad. Ent. 90 (9): 558; 90 (10): 587, 589. — Dowden,

1962. U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Handb. 226: 15 (release only). — McGugaan and Coppel, 1962.

Commonwealth Inst. Biol. Control, Tech. Commun.. 2: 39, 92, 98, 161-162

Olesicampe mimetica (Viereck)
Southwestern Alta., Wash., Oreg.

Zaplatystoma mimeticum Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 181 (key); 58 (2): 31. ♀.

Olesicampe nematicida (Viereck)
Southern B. C. Host: Sawfly on ribes sp.

Campoplex (Ameloctonus) nematicidus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 224 (key);
58 (10): 258. ♀.

Olesicampe nigridorsis (Viereck)
Southeastern Ont.

Ca)iipoplex {Ameloctonus) nigridorsis Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 224 (key);
58(11): 277. ♀.

Olesicampe obscuripes (Viereck)
N. Mex.

Limnerium obscuripes Viereck, 1903. In Skinner, Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 91. ♀.

Olesicampe ocellata (Viereck)
Southeastern Ont.

Zaplatystoma ocellatum Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 181 (key); 58 (1): 8. ♂.




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Olesicampe patula (Viereck)
Southeastern Man.

Pyracmon patulum Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 180 (key); 58 (1): 5. ♀.
peraffinis (Ashmead). Tex.

Limneria peraffinis Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 435. ♀.

Olesicampe petiolata (Viereck)
Ont.

Zaplatystoma petiolatum Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 181 (key); 58 (2): 31. ♂.

Olesicampe pikonemae Walley
N. S., N. B., Que., Ont., n. Minn., s.e. B. C. Host: Pikonevia alaskensis
(Roh.), P. dimmockii (Cr.).

Olesicampe pikonemae Walley, 1942. Canad. Ent. 74: 193. ♂, ♀.

Olesicampe pteronideae (Rohwer)
Northern Va. Host: Nematus erythrogaster Nort.

Homalomma pteronideae Rohwer, 1915. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 49: 219. ♂.

Olesicampe ruficornis (Provancher)
revised status. Que.

Limneria ruficornis Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 147. 9. My notes on the holotype of

Olesicampe ruficornis
***authority mismatch
indicate that it is not conspecific with the holotype of 0. dentata (see
discussion of dentata); ruficornis had been suppressed as synonym of dentata by
Provancher (1879); the holotype of ruficornis was found by Barron (1975).

Taxonomy: Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11: 181. —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 538.

Olesicampe typica (Viereck)
Que., N. Y.

Zaplatystoma typicum Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 181 (key); 58 (1): 7. ♂, ♀.

Olesicampe virginiensis (Viereck)
N. Y., n. Va.

Holocremnus virginiensis Viereck, 1921. Psyche 28: 76. ♀.

Genus LEMOPHAGUS Townes

Lemophagus Townes, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. 35: 415.

Type-species: Lemophagus curtus Townes. Monotypic and orig. desig.

Species so far referred to this small genus are native to Japan, Europe, and northern Africa
and are parasites of Chrysomelidae. The egg is laid in the larva of the host which is killed after
it has constructed its pupal cell.

Lemophagus curtus Townes
N. Y., w. Pa., w. W. Va., Ohio, s. Mich., n. Ind.; Europe. Introduced. Host:

Oulema melanopus (L.). The host cited was the target species for releases of L. curtus
in North America. Data on recoveries and establishment of L. curtus was furnished by
Mr. T. L. Burger. Establishment in W. Va. may still be uncertain, but in other states the
species has been recovered in Counties other than those in which it was released;
recoveries have been made at distances as great as 68 miles from any known release
point.
Lemophagus curtus Townes, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. 35: 415. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Montgomery and DeWitt, 1975. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 68: 574-578 (egg and
larva).

Biology: Stehr, Gage, Burger, and Montgomery, 1974. Environmental Ent. 3: 453-454 (initial
recoveries).

Genus HYPOSOTER Foerster

Rhythmonot^is Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 151, 220. The variant
spelling "Rhytmonotus" appeared on p. 220.

Type-species: Rhythmonotus singularis Schmeideknecht. By subsequent monotypy
from inclusion by Schmidedknecht, 1909.
Hyposoter Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 152.

Type-species: Limnerius (Hyposoter) parorgyiae Viereck. Monotypically included
and desig. by Viereck, 1910.
Ischnoscopus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 152.

Type-species: Ischnoscopus synchlorae Ashmead. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Ashmead, 1898.
Ameloctonus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 157.




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Type-species: Banchus fugitivus Say. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from two species
included by Ashmead, 1900.
Ebiicha Seyrig, 1935. Paris, Mus. d'Hist. Nat., Mem. 4: 88.

Type-species: Ebiicha crocata Seyrig. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Neozacliresta Blanchard, 1949. In Havrylenko and Winterhalter, Insectos del Parque Nac.
Nahuel Huapi, Buenos Aires, p. 46. Nomen nudum (fig. only).

This very large genus is known from all zoogeographic regions. The hosts are larval Lepidop-
tera, in nearly all cases those which do not conceal themselves when feeding (i.e. predominantly
macrolepidoptera). It seems to me that Hyposoter, as presently defined, includes as bewildering
a diversity of forms as any genus in the family. It would appear that the task of breaking the

Genus into smaller ones that are more meaningful phyletically will require a great deal of
research that is not likely to be accomplished soon.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 181-182 (syn.). — Townes and

Townes, 1973. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 19: 157 (syn. revised).
affinis (Cresson). Mass., N. Y., 111.

Mesoleptus affinis Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 263. "♂"=♀. Preocc. by
Holmgren, 1856, but not renamed here because of the possibility that a synonym has
been described.
annulipes (Cresson). N. S. w. to w. N. W. T. and s. B. C, s. to central Fla., s. Tex., n. Utah, and
s. Calif. Host: Agrotis ipsilon (Hufn.), Anicla infecta (Ochs.), Autographa precationis
(Gn.), Catocala sp., C. antinympha (Hbn.), Ceramica picta (Harris), Eupsilia sp. on
oriental cherry, Heliotfiis zea (Bod.)?, Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haw.), Pyrrhia umbra
(Hufn.), Spodoptera exigua (Hbn.), S. frugiperda (J. E. S.), S. ornithogalli (Gn.),
Syngrapha epigaea (Grt.), Vanessa atalanta (L.), geometrid on Rhododendron, Eustixia
pupula Hbn.

Mesoleptus annulipes Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 257. ♀.

Hyposoter interjectus Gahan, 1914. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 48: 156. 9. H. interjectus was
incorrectly suppressed as a synonym of nigrolineatus (Viereck) by Townes (1945);
although the name interjectus could perhaps be used subspecifically for the annulipes
population in the southeastern United States, I have decided that this should not be
done before the relationship between annulipes and exiguae (Viereck) is reassessed. It
should be noted that specimens similar in coloration to those found in the southeast
occasionally are found as far north as Mass. and Mich.; whether or not the holotype of
Campoplex eurytherneae Viereck is such a specimen remains to be seen (see synonymy
for exiguae). N. syn.

Campoplex (Ischnoscopus) mitralis Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 223 (key); 58
(8): 197. ♀.

Campoplex (I schnoscopus) truncatellus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 223 (key);
58 (8): 197. ♀.

Campoplex (Ameloctonus) confusus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 224 (key); 58
(11): 277. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1945, Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 663-664, 668-669 (syn.). — Finlayson,
1975. Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 94: 73, 74, 127, 128, 137 (final-instar larva).

Biology: Wood and Nielson, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 761. — Guppy, 1967. Canad. Ent. 99: 96,
100.
asper (Viereck). Southwestern Alta.

Campoplex (Ameloctoyius) asper Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 224 (key); 58 (10):
259. ♀.
degrysei (Viereck). Southern Sask.

Campoplex (Ameloctonus) degrysei Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 224 (key); 58
(10): 259. ♀.

Taxonomy: Finlayson, 1975. Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 4: 72-73, 126, 137 (final-instar larva).
dimidiatus (Ashmead). Western Ky., n. Ala., s.w. Miss.

Zachresta dimidiata Ashmead, 1894. U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 7: 243. ♀.




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disippi (Viereck). Que., N. J., Ont., Ohio, Mich., Ariz., w. Wash., n. Calif. Host: Limenitis

archippus (Cram.), Euchloe olympia Ed.
Campoplex {Ameloctonus) disippi Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 224 (key); 58

(11): 276. ♀.
erythrinus (Viereck). Md., s. Sask., s. e. B. C.

Campoplex (Hyposoter) erythrinus Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 203 (key); 57

(8): 199. ♀.
exiguae (Viereck). Southern Sask.?, n. Utah, Ariz., Calif.; Mexico; Hawaii. Host: Autographa

califomica (Spey.), Catabena esula (Druce), Heliothis phloxiphaga (G. and R.), H. zea

(Bod.), Peridroma saucia (Hbn.), Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haw.), Spodoptera exigua

(Hbn.), S. praefica (Grt.), Trichoplusia ni (Hbn.), Manduca quinquemaculata (Haw.), M.

sexta (L.), Cynthia cardui (L.)?, Ascia monuste (L.), Colias eurytheme (Bdv.)?
Campoplex (Hypothereutes) exiguae Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 638. ♀.
Campoplex (Ameloctonus) eurythemeae Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 47 (9): 223 (key);

58 (10): 258.
Kinistino, Sask. Townes (1945) suppressed C. eurythemeae as a synonym of exiguae,

perhaps incorrectly (see synonymy for annulipes).

Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 665.

Biology: Swezey, 1927. Hawaii Ent. Soc, Proc. 6: 404-407. —Williams, 1931. Handb. Ins. ...
Hawaii. Sug. Cane Fields, p. 268-269. — Blanchard and Conger, 1932. Jour. Econ. Ent. 25:
1065. — Michelbacher and Essig, 1938. Calif. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bui. 625: 21. —Puttier and
van den Bosch, 1959. Jour. Econ. Ent. 52: 327-329. —Puttier, 1961. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann.
54: 25-30. — Smilowitz, 1973. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 66: 93-99. — Smilowitz and Iwantsch,
1973. Environmental Ent. 2: 759-763. —Smilowitz, 1974. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 67: 317-320.
—Smilowitz and Iwantsch, 1975. Canad. Ent. 107: 689-694. — Jowyk and SmUowitz, 1975.
N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 83: 261. —Smilowitz, Martinka, and Jowyk, 1975. N. Y. Ent. Soc,
Jour. 83: 262-263. —Iwantsch and Smilowitz, 1975. Canad. Ent. 107: 927-934. —Iwantsch
and SmUowitz, 1975. Jour. Insect Physiol. 21: 1151-1157. — Beegle and Oatman, 1976. Ent.
Expt. et Appl. 20: 77-80.
frigidus (Lundbeck). Eastern Greenland. Host: Anarta sp., "Hadena" sp.

Limneria frigida Lundbeck, 1897 (1896). Dansk Naturhist. For. Kjobenhavn, Vidensk.
Meddel. (for 1896), p. 236.
Taxonomy: Roman, 1934. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 14: 610-611.
fugitivus (Say). N. S. w. to w. Wash., s. to central Fla., s.e. Tex., and central Calif. Host:
Malacosoma americanum (F.), Malacosoma califomicum absimile (Dyar), M. c.
califomicum (Pack.), M. c. fragile (Str.), M. c. pluviale (Dyar), M. c. recenseo Dyar, M.
constrictum (Hy. Ed.), M. disstna Hbn., Euchaetias egle (Drury), Hyphantria cunea
(Drury), Anisota consularis Dyar, A. senatoria (J. E. S.), A. stigma (F.), A.virginiensis
pellucidaiJ. E. S.), A. v. virginiensis (Drury), Dryocampa rubicunda rubicunda (F.),
Datana integerrima G. and R., D. ministra (Drury), Schizura concinna (J. E. S.), Orgyia
definita (Pack.), 0. pseudotsugata (McD.), Automeris io (F.), Hemileuca maia (Drury).

Banchus fugitivus Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 247. cJ, 9.

Limneria Guignardi Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 87. ♂, ♀.

Limneria oedemasiae Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 436. tJ, 9.

Limnerium Guignardii Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 97. Emend.

Hyposoter fugitivus var. pacificus (jushman, 1919. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 21: 119. 6, 9. N.
syn.

Taxonomy: Cushman and Gahan, 1921. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 23: 159. —Viereck, 1925.
Canad. Ent. 57: 104. -Cushman, 1925. Ent. Soc Wash., Proc. 27: 164-166.

Biology: Fiske, 1903. N. H. Agr. Expt. Sta., Tech. Bui. 6: 200, 202-206. — Bogavac, 1956.
Zastita Bilja 7: 29-46. -Langston, 1957. Calif., Univ., Pubs. Ent. 14: 21-22, 23.
—Barrows, 1976. Ent. News 87: 101-102 (sexual bahavior).
fuscitarsis (Viereck). Que., Ont., Mich., n. Minn., n. N. Dak., w. Wash., n. Calif.; Europe. Host:
Biston betularia cognataria (Gn.), Erranis tiliaria (Harris), Paleacrita vemata (Pack.),




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Phigalea titea (Cram.), brown looper with stripes, Malacosoma dissfria Hbn. I have
seen European specimens at the American Entomological Institute.
Campoplex (Ameloctonus) fuscitarsis Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 224 (key); 58
(11): 279. ♀.
galvestonensis (Viereck). Southeastern Tex.

Amorphota galvestonensis Viereck, 1906. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 32: 219. ♀.
grahami (Viereck). Que., Conn., Pa., Md., w. N. C, Ala., Tex.

Campoplex (Holocremnus) grahami Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 203 (key); 58
(7): 182. ♀.
luctus (Davis). N. H., arctic N. W. T. Ecology: In N. H. presumably occurring only in the
alpine region of Mt. Washington.
Canidia luctus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 364. ♀.
Zachrestoides intertnedia Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 179 (key); 58 (1): 3. ♂.
nigrolineatus (Viereck). Colo., n.e. N. Mex. Host: Faronta diffusa (Wlk.).

Hypothereutes nigrolineatus Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 590. ♀.
noctuae (Ashmead). Conn., Va., s. Ont., n. Mich. Host: Elaphna versicolor (Grt.).

Limneria noctuae Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 437. 6. Notes in the U.
S. Natl. Museum indicate that the holotype was reared from a larva of E. versicolor, a
number of which had been found in Va. on birch, walnut, and dead leaves of oak on July
5, 1884; the date "12/7/84" which is on the label of the holotype is indicated in the notes
as July 12, 1884, the emergence date of the specimen.
Hyposoter diversicolor Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 590. ♀.
Angitia triops Walley, 1929. Canad. Ent. 61: 191. ♂. N. syn.
notatus (Gravenhorst). Interior Alaska; Europe. The specimen upon which the Alaskan record
is based is in the collection of the American Entomological Institute; it was identified by
Dr. Henry K. Townes. I thank Dr. Townes for allowing me to publish the record.
Campoplex notatus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 570. ♂, ♀.
occidentali (Viereck). Southeastern Alta. Host: Oidaematophorus occidentalis Wlsm.

Campoplex (Hyposoter) occidentali Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 204 (key); 58
(9): 219. ♀.
parorgyiae (Viereck). Que., Maine, Mass., Ont., Mich., Wis. Host: Dascychira sp. on fir, D.

obliquata (G. and R.), D. plagiata (Wlk.). Finlayson (1966) discussed the intriguing false
cocoon which is spun by this species, the true cocoon being situated inside the skin of
the host larva.
Limnerium (Hyposoter) parorgyiae Viereck, 1910. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 38: 382. cJ, 9.

Biology: Finlayson, 1966. Canad. Ent. 98: 139.

Taxonomy: Finlayson, 1975. Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 94: 70, 72, 126, 137 (final-instar larva).
pectinatus (Thomson). Eastern Greenland; Europe. Host: Gynaephora groenlandica (Hom.).

Anilasta pectinata Thomson, 1887. Opusc. Ent. 11: 1171. ♀.

Limneria Deichmanni Nielsen, 1907. Meddel. om Gronland 29: 386. cJ, 9.

Taxonomy: Roman, 1930. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 5: 287.

Biology: Johansen, 1910. Meddel om Gronland 43: 44, 46. —Nielsen, 1910. Meddel. om
Gronland 43: 56.
planatus (Viereck). Northern Idaho, s. B. C.

Campoplex (Diadegma) planata Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 227 (key); 58 (11):
281. 9. In the 1926 portion of Viereck's revision as "Catnpoplex {Ecphora) planata."
plesius (Viereck). Ont.

Campoplex (Hyposoter) plesius Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 203 (key); 58 (8):
201. ♀.
popofensis (Ashmead). Que. w. to interior and s.w. Alaska, s. to Md., N. Mex., and n. Calif.;

Europe. The European record is based upon my identification of a single male from the
Netherlands in the U. S. Natl. Museum collection.
Ameloctnus popofensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 237. ♀.
Campoplex (Diadegma) nificruris Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 227 (key); 58
(11): 280. ♀.




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rivalis (Cresson), n. comb. N. S. w. to Man. and w. Wash., s. to s. Ala., central Tex., s. Ariz., and
s. Calif.; Mexico s. to Costa Rica. Host: Apantesis sp., Diacrisia virginica (F.).,
Estigmene acrea (Drury), Euchaetias egle (Drury), Hyphantria cunea (Drury), H.
textor (Harris), Leptarctia califomiae (Wlk.).

Liynneria rivalis Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 41: 173. " regard Cresson's (1916) statement —type No. 1588, U. S. N. M., "male abdomen gone"
as fixing as lectotype that specimen which Cresson regarded as the male of rivalis and
which has been labeled as such in what appears to be the hand of R. A. Cushman. There
is nothing in Cresson's introductory remarks to indicate that it was his intention only to
select lectotypes for species having syntypes in the Academy of Natural Sciences, but
Cushman (1925) regarded Cresson's statement about the type of rivalis as "not to be
taken as type selection, for he is here merely quoting from Crawford and Rohwer's
statement regarding the condition of the Cresson types in the National Museum."
Cushman found that both syntypes lacked abdomens, but because the female symbol on
Cresson's identification label appears to have been put there by Cresson, Cushman had
no doubt about which of the two specimens Cresson had referred to as the male, and
there are no grounds for his contention that Cresson did not select a lectotype.
Therefore, Cushman's selection of Cresson's female as lectotype is invalid. The female is
a specimen of Hyposoter graliavii (Viereck), a species having the ovipositor much longer
than typical species of Hyposoter. I am undecided about the sex of the rivalis
lectotype, but Cresson's characterization of the abdomen (apparently of both sexes) as
"subcompressed at tip" and his color description of the abdomen of the "male" would
appear to indicate that the lectotype is a female.

Limneria pilosula Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 89. ♂, ♀.
N. syn.

Limneria epiiestiae Riley, 1890. hi Riley and Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 3: 158.
Nomen nudum.

Limneria ephestriae Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 195. 6,9. The type
specimens bear labels with Riley's number 239x; the only notes pertaining to number
239x read: "Campoplex sp. ... parasitic on something feeding on wax — perhaps
Ephestia zeae." The discrepancies in the dates cited by Ashmead and by Riley and
Howard (1890), would appear to indicate that Riley got his notes mixed up. N. syn.

Amorphota perrivalis Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 307. ♂, ♀. N. syn.

Campoplex (Hypothereides) clams Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (8): 204 (key); 58
(9): 224. ♀. N. syn.

Campoplex (Ameloctonus) cuneae Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (9): 223 (key); 58
(10): 257. ♀. N. syn.

Taxonomy: Cresson, 1916. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 1: 1-2, 51. —Cushman, 1925. Ent. Soc.
Wash., Proc 27: 166.

Biology: Timberlake, 1912. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Tech. Ser. 19: 72, 90-91. -Dustan,
1921. Ent. Soc Nova Scotia, Proc. 6: 81-88. -Tothill, 1922. Canada Dept. Agr., Bui. (n. s.)
3: 59-74. -Baerg, 1928. Ark. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bui. 224: 23, 24. -Swain, 1937. Colo.-Wyo.
Acad. Sci., Jour. 3 (2 and 3): 43. —Swain, Green, and Portman, 1938. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour.
11: 7-9. — Daviault, 1942. La Foret Quebecoise 4: 398.
rubiginosus Cushman. Mass., Conn. Host: Dasycliira basiflava (Pack.), D. obliquata (G. and

R.). The final-instar larva constructs a false cocoon like that oi parorgyiae; the true

cocoon is spun inside the skin of the host larva.
Hyposoter rubiginosus Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 64 (4): 11. ♂, ♀.
synchlorae (Ashmead). N. H., Mass., N. Y., N. J., Pa., Md., w. N. C, Mich., III? Host:

Synchlora sp., S. aerta (F.).
Limneria rufa Riley, 1890. In Riley and Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 3: 157.

Nomen nudum.
Limneria rufa Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 193. ♂. Preocc. by Bridgman,

1882. N. syn. Townes (1945) incorrectly indicated that the syntypes are female and not

male. Ashmead stated the type locality is Mo., but Riley and Howard (1890) indicated

that the specimens are from South Pass, 111. Riley's notes indicate that the specimens




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were reared from larvae of what is now called Synclilora aerta which had been sent by
T. A. E. Holcomb of South Pass, 111. I have not been able to determine that there is or
ever was a South Pass in 111., and the matter merits further research because the
syntypes of rufa were reared together with those of Aplodes rubivora Riley, presently
a synonym of Synclilora aerta.

Ischnoscopiis synchlorae Ashmead, 1898. hi Dimmock and Ashmead, Ent. Soc. Wash.,
Proc. 4: 168. ♂.

Limnerium Sanitheinii Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 104. N. name for L. rufa
Ashmead. N. syn.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 672.
xanthoccrus (Viereck). N. H. s. to Va., w. to Mich.

Ameloctonus xanthocerus Viereck, 1921. Psyche 28: 70. ♀.

Genus BENJAMINIA Viereck

Benjaminia Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mas., Proc. 42: 633.

Type-species: Cliaropa fuscipennis Provancher. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Zachrestoicles Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57: 177.

Type-species: Zachrestoides euphydryadis Viereck. Orig. desig.

This is a small Holarctic genus. The species B.fumigator Aubert and B. polonica Sawoniewicz
were rather recently described from Europe. The North American species which have been
reared parasitize Nymphalidae of the genera Euphydryas and Melitaea. I have seen material
that appears to represent three undescribed Nearctic species.

Benjaminia fuscipennis (Provancher)
Southwestern Alta.?, w. Nev., n.e. and s. Calif. Host: Euphydryas
chalcedona (D. and H.).
Charops fuscipennis Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 365. ♀.

Benjaminia euphydryadis (Viereck)
Que., Mass. Host: Euphydryas phaeton (Drury), Melitaea harrisii
Scud.
Zachrestoides euphydryadis Viereck, 1925; 1926. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 179 (key); 58 (1): 3. ♀.

Genus ECHTHRONOMAS Foerster

Echthronomas Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 151.

Type-species: Casinaria ochrostoma Holmgren. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Schmiedeknecht, 1908.

This is a small genus of Holarctic and Oriental distribution.

Revision: Walley, 1944. Canad. Ent. 76: 158-159.

Echthronomas ochreofrons
***authority mismatch
lexiphaga Walley. Que. w. to s. B. C, s. to Md., W. Va., and Mich. Host:
Crambidia casta (Pack.), Tigrioides bicolor (Grt.).
Echthronomas ochreofrons lexiphaga Walley, 1944. Canad. Ent. 76: 159. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Finlayson, 1975. Ent. Soc. Canada, Mem. 94: 82, 83, 134, 137 (final-instar larva).

Echthronomas ochreofrons
***authority mismatch
ochreofrons Cushman. Md. w. to n.e. Kans., s. to n. Fla.

Echthronomas ochreofrons Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 64 (4): 12. ♀.

Genus CAMPOCTONUS Viereck

Campoctonus Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 633.

Type-species: Linineria corrupta Cresson. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Campoctonoides Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57: 177.

Type-species: Campoctonoides currani Viereck. Orig. desig.

This is a Neotropic and Nearctic genus of small to moderate size. No hosts are known. Mr. G.
S. Walley has completed a revision of the Nearctic species which undoubtedly will be published
before the appearance of this catalog.

Campoctonus belfragei (Ashmead)
R. I. w. to s. Mich., s. to e. N. C. and Tex.

Linineria Belfragei Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 435. ♂.




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Campoctonus carinatus (Provancher)
Que. w. to n.w. Wis., s. to W. Va. and Mo.

Campoplex carinatus Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11: 150. ♀.

Campoctonoides beaidnei Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 177 (key); 57 (12): 297. ♀.

Campoctonus corruptus (Cresson)
Central Tex., Colo.

Limneria corrupta Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 172. ♀.

Campoctonus currani (Viereck)
Que., Maine, N. H., N. Y., Pa., Ont., Mich.

Campocto7ioides currani Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 177 (key); 57 (12): 296. ♂, ♀.

Campoctonus harringtoni (Viereck)
Que., N. H., Vt., Conn., Ont., Mich.

Ca7npocto7ioides harringtoni Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57 (7): 177 (key): 57 (12): 297. ♀.

Genus XANTHOCAMPOPLEX Morley

Xanthocampoplex Morley, 1913. Fauna Brit. India, Hym., v. 3, pt. 1, p. 445.

Type-species: Xa^ithoca^npoplex orientalis Morley. Monotypic and orig. desig. The
type-species is regarded as a synonym of X. 7iigromaculatus (Cameron).

This is a large genus which is distributed throughout the world, but with species most nu-
merous in the tropics. The hosts are lepidopterous caterpillars which do not conceal themselves
when feeding.

Revision: Gupta and Gupta, 1971. Oriental Insects 5: 153-164 (Indian spp.).

Xanthocampoplex orbitalis (Walley)
Southern Mich., n.e. Kans., s. Sask., Alta.

Nepiera albomaculata Ashmead, 1922. In Crevecoer, Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 30: 387.

Nomen nudum.
Campoctonus orbitalis Walley, 1944. Canad. Ent. 76: 160. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1970 (1969). Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 13: 190 (generic placement).

Genus MICROCHAROPS Roman

Microcharops Roman, 1910. Ent. Tidskr. 31: 178.

Type-species: Limneria taitica Holmgren. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Ckaropsimorpha Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 635.

Type-species: Charops tibialis Cresson. Orig. desig.
Paracharops Blanchard, 1940. In Kreibohm de la Vega, Tucuman Estac. Expt. Agr., Rev.

Indus, y Agr. 3: 170. Nomen nudum (fig. only).
Paracharops Blanchard, 1942. Soc. Cient. Argentina, An. 134: 107.

Type-species: Paracharops annulatus Blanchard. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is a genus of small to moderate size which is not known with certainty to occur outside of
the New World. The occurrence of M. taitica (Holmgren) in Tahiti has apparently not been con-
firmed by the collection of additional specimens, and it may be that the holotype is mislabeled.

Microcharops bimaculata (Ashmead)
Mo., Tex.; West Indies and Mexico s. to Argentina. Host: Alaba7na

argillacea (Hbn.), Plathypena scabra (P.).
Charops bintaculata Ashmead, 1895. Zool. Soc. London, Proc. 65: 778. ♀.
Charops unicinctus Ashmead, 1900. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 48: 272. ♀.
Paracharops annulatus Blanchard, 1940. In Kreibohm de la Vega, Tucuman Estac. Expt.

Agr., Rev. Indus, y Agr. 3: 170. Nomen nudum (fig. only).
Paracharops annulatus Blanchard, 1942. Soc. Cient. Argentina, An. 134: 107. "♂"=♀.

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1966. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: 155 (syn.).

Microcharops tibialis (Cresson)
Conn., Va., Ga., s. Mich., 111., n.e. Kans., Tex.; Mexico, Cuba, Costa Rica,

Brazil. Host: Synnnerista albifro7is (J. E. S.), S. canicosta Francl., Asterocarnpa celtis

(B. and L.), A. clyton (B. and L.).
Charops tibialis Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 173. ♂.
Li7mieriai insolens Cresson, 1874 (1873). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 25: 386. ♂, ♀.
Charops apaturae Riley, 1890. In Riley and Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 3: 155.

Nomen nudum.
Charops apaturae Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 193. ♂.
A7igitia (hiareolata) brasiliensis Lima, 1935. Campo (for June, 1935), p. 20. ♂, ♀.

Preocc. in Microcharops by Szepligeti, 1906.




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Unplaced Taxa of Campoplegini

PyrachmonC.) idahoensis Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 363. 9. Northern
Idaho. Neither of the two syntypes has been found.

Subfamily CREMASTINAE

Members of this subfamily are internal parasites of Lepidoptera and, to a lesser extent,
Coleoptera which are concealed while feeding (i.e. leaf rollers, borers, etc.). Dr. Clement Dasch is
preparing a revision of the Nearctic species.

Genus XIPHOSOMELLA Szepligeti

Xipkosomella Szepligeti, 1905. In Wytsman, Gen. Ins., Fasc. 34, p. 4.

Type-species: Xiphosomella hrasiliensis Szepligeti. Monotypic.
Pristomenis subg. Areolopristomenis Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 274.

Type-species: Pristomenis (Areolopristornerus) smithi Cushman. Orig. desig.

This large genus is mostly Neotropical. In addition to the two Nearctic species listed below, I
know a third one from Florida which is apparently undescribed.

Revision: Johnson, 1969. Mich. Ent. 2: 27-28.

Xiphosomella dubia (Brues)
Mass., s.e. Ont., and Mich., s. to Fla. and Tex.
Pristomeridiaf dubia Brues, 1911. Psyche 18: 24. ♀.
Pristomenis (Areolopristomenis) smithi Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 274. ♀.

Xiphosomella setoni Johnson
N. C, Ky., S. C, Fla.

Xiphosomella setoni io\mson, 1969. Mich. Ent. 2: 27. ♂, ♀.

Genus PRISTOMERUS Curtis

Pristomenis Curtis, 1836. Brit. Ent., v. 13, no. 624.

Type-species: Pachymenis vulnerator Gravenhorst. Monotypic and orig. desig. The
type-species designation is Gravenhorst's identification of Ichneumon vulnerator
Panzer.
Pristomeridia Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 100.

Type-species: Porizon agilis Cresson. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Pristocelus Szepligeti, 1905. In Wytsman, Gen. Ins., fasc. 34, p. 48.

Type-species: Pristocelus atriceps Szepligeti. Monotypic.
Neopristomerus Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 592.

Type-species: Pristomenis appalachianus Viereck. Orig. desig.
Nesanomalon Morley, 1913. Rev. Ichn. Brit. Mus., v. 2, p. 56.

Type-species: Nesanomalon dimidiatum Morley. Monotypic.

Revision: Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 272-280.

Pristomerus austrinus Townes and Townes
Mass. s. to Ga., w. to Ind. and Tex.; Mexico, Guatemala. Host:
Acrobasis caryivorella Rag., A. vaccinii Riley, Epiblema scudderianum (Clem.),
Grapholitha molesta (Bsk.), Gretchena bolliana (Sling.), Gypsonoma haimbachiana
(Kft.), Laspeyresia pomonella (L.).
PorizonI agilis Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 175. ♀. Preocc. by Holmgren,

1860.
Pristomenis austrinus Townes and Townes, 1951. In Muesebeck et al., U. S. Dept. Agr.,
Agr. Monog. 2: 386. N. name for Porizon agilis Cresson.

Biology: Franklin and Morse, 1914. Mass. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 150: 56. —Franklin, 1915;
1916; 1917. Mass. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 160: 109; 168: 39-40; 180: 229.

Pristomerus baumhoferi Cushman
Ont, S. Dak. w. to Ida., s. to Tex. and Ariz. Host: Rhyacionia frustrana
bushnelli (Bsk.), Periploca ceanothiella (Cosens).
Pristomenis baumhoferi Cushman, 1930 (1929). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 76 (25): 9. cJ, 9.
euryptychiac Ashmead. N. Y. s. to Alab., w. to Wis., Kans., and Tex. Host: Ancylis comptana
(Froel), Ecdytolopha insiticiana Zeller, Epiblema otiosanum (Clem.), E. strenuanum
(Wlk.), Grapholitha molesta (Bsk.), Gypsonoma haimbachiana (Kft.), Laspeyresia




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pomonella (L.), Proteoteras willingana (Kft.), Acrobasis caryivorella Rag., A.juglandis

(LeB.), Vanessa atalanta (L.).
Pristomems mellaethorax Riley, 1890. In Riley and Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life

3: 156. Nomen nudum.
Pristoynerus euryptychiae Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 192. 9. The type

locality is Kirkwood, Mo.; Ashmead erroneously stated that it is D. C.
Pristomerus (Pristomerus) ocellatus Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 277. ♂, ♀.

Biology: Pepper and Driggers, 1934. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 27: 596. — Haden, 1935. Del. Agr.
Expt. Sta., Bui. 194: 12-41. —Rice, 1937. Jour. Econ. Ent. 30: 112. —Allen, HoUoway, and
Haeussler, 1940. U. S. Dept. Agr. Cir. 561: 12, 58.

Pristomerus laticeps Cushman
Conn., N. Y., N. J., Ont., Va.

Pristomerus (Pristoynerus) laticeps Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 277. ♀.
Pristomerus (Pristomerus) idei Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57: 74. ♀.

Pristomerus minutus Cushman
Calif. Host: C oleotechnites milleri (Bsk.).

Pristomerus (Pristoynerus) yniyiutus Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 279. ♀.

Pristomerus olamonus Viereck
Mass. s. to D. C, w. to S. Dak. and Kans. Ecology: Occurs on flowers of

Solidago in late summer and fall.
Pristoynerus acimlatus Ashmead, 1900 (1899). In Smith, N. J. State Bd. Agr., Ann. Rpt.

27, Sup., p. 584. Nomen nudum.
Pristoynerus olamoyius Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey Bui.

22:274. ♀.
Pristomerus (Pristoynerus) fuscipeymis Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 275. ♂.

9.

Pristomerus spinator (Fabricius)
Mass. s. to Fla., w. to Alta. and Calif.; Mexico, Virgin Islands, Honduras,

Guyana?, Brazil; Hawaii. Host: Acrobasis caryivorella Rag., A. vacciyiii Riley, Canarsia

sp., Elasmopalpus ligyiosellus (Zell.), Loxostege sticticalis (L.), Heliothis viresceyis (F.),

H. zea (Bod.), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. S.), S. praefica (Grt.), Trichoplusia yii (Hbn.),

Phthorimaea operculella (Zell), Colias eurytheyne Bdv.
Ophion spma
Ichneumon by Fabricius, 1798.
Ichneumon feyn orator Thunherg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem. 8:

261; 9: 311. N. name for 0. spinator Fabricius. Preocc. by Kirby, 1802.
Pristomerus pacificus Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 370. ♀.
Pristomerus appalachiayius Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 299. ♂, ♀.
Pristomerus coloradeyisis Brues, 1911. Psyche 18: 23. ♀. N. syn.
Pristomerus (Neopristoyyierus) melleus Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 279. ♂.

9. N. syn.
Pristomerus Bollowi Enderlein, 1921. Stettin. Ent. Ztg. 82: 9. ♂. N. syn.
Neopristoynerus woodworthi Viereck, 1921. Ent. News 32: 172. ♂, ♀. N. syn.

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1966. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: 158 (Syn.).

Biology: Luginbill, 1928. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 34: 65. -Vickery, 1929. U. S. Dept.
Agr., Tech. Bui. 138: 39. — Leuck, 1966. Jour. Econ. Ent. 59: 800.

Genus DIMOPHORA Foerster

Diynophora Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 155.

Type-species: Diynophora robusta Brischke. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from three
species included by Brischke, 1880.
Diynophorus Thomson, 1890. Opusc. Ent. 14: 1356. Emend.
Oligotyneyna Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 280.

Type-species: Oligotmeyna prima Cushman. Monotypic and orig. desig.

Dimophora prima (Cushman)
Ont., Colo., Idaho, Utah, Ariz. The type locality is Fort Collins, Colo.
Oligotmeyna priyna Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 281. ♀.

Taxonomy: Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 60 (21): 22.




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Genus EIPHOSOMA Cresson

Eiphosoyyia Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 52.

Type-species: Eip}wsoma annulatum Cresson. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Xiphosoma Marshall, 1892. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. 61: 65. Emend.
Brachixiphosoma Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 147.

Type-species: Eipkosoma pyralidis Ashmead. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Chartionedys Enderlein, 1921. Stettin. Ent. Ztg. 82: 3.

Type-species: Chartionedys compressiim Enderlein. Orig. desig.
Hanauella Enderlein, 1921. Stettin. Ent. Ztg. 82: 6.

Type-species: Hanauella armillata Enderlein. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is a very large genus of the New World, most of the species being Neotropic. Pyraloidea
appear to be the principle hosts.

Revision: Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 269-272.

Eiphosoma dentator (Fabricius)
Southern Tex.; West Indies; Mexico s. to Argentina. Host: Mimorista
flavidissimalis (Grt.), Ufa rubidinella (Zell.).
Ophion dentator Fabricius, 1804. Systema Piezatorum, p. 138. [female].
Eipkosoma annulata Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 54. Eiphosoma bruesi Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 272. ♀. N. syn.
Eipkosoma Saueri Lima, 1953 (1951). [Rio de Janeiro] Mus. Nac, Arq. 42: 188. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1966. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: 162 (syn.).

Eiphosoma nigrolineatum (Brulle)
Fla.; Mexico, Guatemala, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Paraguay.
Collyria yiigro-lineata Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 178. ♀.
Eiphosoma mexicana Cresson, 1874 (1873). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 25: 380. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1966. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: 163 (syn.).

Eiphosoma pyralidis
***authority mismatch
Ashmead. N. Y. s. to N. C, w. to Kans. Host: Pyralid on Soligdago.

Eipkosoma pyralidis Riley, 1890. In Riley and Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 3:

156. Nomen nudum.
Eiphosoma pyralidis Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 191. ♂.

Eiphosoma septentrionale Brues
Conn. s. to S. C, w. to 111. and Ala.

Eiphosoma septentrionale Brues, 1911. Psyche 18: 22. ♀.

Eiphosoma texanum Cresson
Tex., Utah, Ariz.; Mexico, Trinidad, Guyana, Brazil.
Eipkosoma texana Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 176. ♀.

Genus PSEUDERIPTERNUS Viereck

Casinaria subg. Pseuderiptemus Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist.
Survey Bui. 22: 269.

Type-species: Podogaster radiolatus Provancher. Monotypic

This genus may occur in both South and North America; a USNM specimen of a large un-
described species was caught by the U. S. Public Health Service aboard an airplane which had
arrived at Miami, Fla. from Buenos Aires, Argentina via Lima, Peru and Guayaquil, Ecuador.
The species are collected among coarse grasses along lake shores or in salt marshes.
Schoenobiine pyralids may be the usual hosts.

Revision: Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 505-508.

Pseuderipternus brevicauda Cushman
N. H., N. Y., Ont., Mich., Ohio. Host: Sckoenobius melinellus (Clem.).

Pseuderiptemus brevicauda Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 506. ♂, ♀.

Pseuderipternus elongatus (Davis)
Mass., N. J., Ga. Ecology: Occurs in salt marshes on Spartina.

Ateleuti (!) elongatus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 362. ♀.

Pseuderiptemus gracilipes Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 507. ♂, ♀.

Pseuderipternus radiolatus (Provancher)
Que. s. to Md.

Podogaster radiolatus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 329. ♀.

Genus TANYCHELA Townes

Tanyckela Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 19.




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Type-species: Tanychela aurea Townes. Monotypic and orig. desig.

The type-species occurs in southeastern Brazil. An undescribed species occurs in California; it
has been reared from a stream-dwelling pyralid, Argyractis sp.

Genus CREMASTUS Gravenhorst

Cremastus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 730.

Type-species: Cremastus spectator Gravenhorst. Desig. by Westwood, 1840.
Celor Kokujev, 1901. Soc. Ent. Rossicae, Horae 35: 210.

Type-species: Celor semenowi Kokujev. Monotypic.
Pseudocre7)tastus Szepligeti, 1905. In Wytsman, Gen. Ins., fasc. 34, p. 50.

Type-species: Pseudocreniastus radialis Szepligeti. Monotypic.
Zaleptopygus Viereck, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 41: 294.

Type-species: Zaleptopygus obereae Viereck. Monotypic and orig. desig.

According to Townes (1971) this is a large Holarctic genus for which the usual hosts are
coleopterous stem borers or gall makers, although there are also rearings recorded from lepidop-
terous larvae.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1958. Insects of Micronesia, v. 2, no. 2, p. 65. —Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent.
Inst., Mem. 17: 16.

Cremastus anomalus Cushman
Colo.

Cre7)iastus (Zaleptopygus) anomalus Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 542. ♀.

Cremastus bilineatus Cushman
N. J., Mich.

Rhythmonotus bilineatus Ashmead, 1900 (1899). In Smith, N. J. State Bd. Agr., Ann. Rpt.
27, Sup., p. 581. Nomen nudum.

Cremastus (Zaleptopygus) bilineatus Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 545. ♂, ♀.

Cremastus californicus (Provancher)
Calif. Barron (1975) placed this species in Cremastus.

Porizon Califomicum Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 364. ♂.

Taxonomy: Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 438-439.

Cremastus champlaini Cushman
N. Y., Pa., Va., Mich., S. Dak. Host: "Elaphidion" sp.

Cremastus (Zaleptopygus) champlaini Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 60 (21): 22.
6, 9.

Cremastus cressoni Kerrich
Colo.

Porizon albipennis Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 287. ♀. Preocc. by Zetterstedt,

1838.
Cremastus cressoni Kerrich, 1959. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (13) 2: 50. N. name for P.
albipennis Cresson.

Cremastus dorcaschemae Cushman
N. Y. Host: Dorcaschema nigrum (Say).

Cremastus (Zaleptopygus) dorcaschemae Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 287.
3, 9.
Biology: Blackman and Stage, 1924. N. Y. State Col. Forestry, Tech. Pub. 17: 182.

Cremastus egregiacolor (Viereck)
Kans., Colo., N. Mex.

Thersilochus egregiacolor Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 302. ♀.
Cremastus (Zaleptopygus) terebratus Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 539. ♀.

Cremastus fuscipennis (Cresson)
Kans., Tex., Colo.

Porizon fuscipennis Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 287. ♀.

Porizon audax Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 174. ♂.

Cremastus gallaecola Cushman
Ont., Va., Tex. Host: Gnorimoschema gallaesolidaginis (Riley).

Cremastus (Zaleptopygus) gallaecola Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 546. ♂, ♀.

Cremastus hyalinipennis (Cresson)
N. J. s. to Fla., w. to S. Dak. and Tex.

Porizon hyalinipennis Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 174. ♂, ♀.

Cremastus incompletus (Provancher)
Que. s. to N. C, w. to Man.

Mesoleptus incompletus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (9): 270.
Atractodes fusiformis Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (11): 332. ♀.

Morphology: Peck, 1937. Canad. Jour. Res., Sect. D. (Zool. Sci.) 15: 245, 246, 149, 250.




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Cremastus mordellistenae (Cushman)
Colo. Host: Mordellistena aemula LeC, M. niontla LeC.

Creniastus vwrdellistenae Ashmead, 1895. hi Baker, Ent. News 6: 29. Nomen nudum.
Cremastus (Zaleptopygus) mordellistenae Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 539.

(J, 9.

Taxonomy: Cushman, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 72 (13): 20-21.

Cremastus nigriclypealis Cushman
N. Mex.

Cremastus (Zaleptopygus) nigriclypealis Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 543.
9.

Cremastus nordi Townes
Mich. Host: Oberea shaumii LeC.

Cremastus nordi Townes, 1965. Mich. Acad. Sci., Arts, and Letters, Papers 50: 105. ♂, ♀.

Cremastus orbitalis (Cresson)
Md., Ala., Tex.

Porizon orbitalis Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 174. ♂, ♀.

Cremastus orbus (Davis)
Conn., N. Y., N. J., Pa., Mich., HI., La. Host: Oberea tripunctata Swed.

Leptopygus orbus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 365. ♂, ♀.

Zaleptopygus obereae Viereck, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 41: 295. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 284.

Cremastus quintilis (Viereck)
Kans. Walkley (1967) apparently saw no specimens of this species before
deciding to place it with a query in Cremastiis rather than Trathala; it may prove to
belong in the latter genus.
Thersilochus mimeticus Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 300. ♀.
Thersilochus quintilis Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 301. ♂.

Taxonomy: Walkley, 1967. In Krombein et ai, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, Sup. 2, p. 207.

Cremastus rohweri Cushman
Pa.

Cremastus (Zaleptopygus) rohweri Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 541. ♀.

Cremastus snowi (Viereck)
Kans. Walkley (1967) apparently saw no specimens of this species before
deciding to place it with a query in Cremastus rather than Trathala; it may prove to
belong in the latter genus.
Thersilochus snowi Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 299. ♀.

Taxonomy: Walkley, 1967. In Krombein et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, Sup. 2, p. 207.

Cremastus vierecki (Cockerell)
N. Mex.

Porizon Vierecki Cockerell, 1903. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 12: 200. ♂.

Genus DOLICHOPSELEPHUS Ashmead

Dolichopselephus Ashmead, 1890. Colo. Biol. Assoc, Bui. 1: 23.

Type-species: Dolichopselephus cockerelli Ashmead. Monotypic

Dolichopselephus cockerelli Ashmead
Sask., Colo.

Dolichopselephus cockerelli Ashmead, 1890. Colo. Biol. Assoc, Bui. 1: 23. ♀.

Genus TRATHALA Cameron

Trathala Cameron, 1899. Manchester Lit. and Phil. Soc, Mem. and Proc. 43: 122.

Type-species: Trathala striata Cameron. Monotypic.
Epicremastus Szepligeti, 1905. In Wytsman, Gen. Ins., fasc. 34, p. 51.

Type-species: Epicremastus concolor Szepligeti. Monotypic.
Paurolexis Cameron, 1906. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, Jour. 17: 282.

Type-species: Paurolexis flavus Cameron. Monotypic.
Haristaeus Cameron, 1910 (1909). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 35: 442.

Type-species: Haristaeus nigrifrons Cameron. Monotypic.

This large genus is worldwide in distribution.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1958. Insects of Micronesia, v. 2, no. 2, p. 66. —Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent.
Inst., Mem. 17: 17-18.

Trathala aciculata (Davis)
Mass., Conn., Mich., Ga.

Cremastus aciculatus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 364. ♂.




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Trathala brunneipennis (Walley)
n. comb. Ont.

Creviastus (Zaleptopygus) brunneipennis Walley, 1933. Canad. Ent. 65: 253. ♂, ♀.

Trathala cleridivora (Cushman)
N. C, Ga., Mo., Kans., Idaho. Host: Enoclerus quadriguttatus (Oliv.), E.
sphegus (F.), Temnochila virescens (F.).

Cremastjis (Zaleptopygus) cleridivorus Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 534. ♀.

Trathala delicata (Cresson)
Tex.

Porizon^ delicatus Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 176. ♂.

Trathala flavoorbitalis (Cameron)
Japan s. to Australia, w. to India; Hawaii. Introduced between 1929
and 1933 in Mass., R. I., Conn., N. Y., Ont., and Ohio and in 1935 and 1936 in Va.;
recoveries were made in Mass., R. I., Ont., Ohio, and Va., but the species apparently has
not persisted anywhere in North America. Host: Ostriyiia nubilalis (Hbn.), Grapholitka
molesta (Bsk.). The hosts listed were the target species for releases of T. flavoorbitalis
in North America.

Tarytia flavo-orbitalis Cameron, 1907. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, Jour. 17: 589. ♀.

Cremastus hymeniae Viereck, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 40: 189. cJ, 9.

Diaparsis coreanus Uchida, 1928. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Faculty Agr., Jour. 21: 285. ♂, ♀.

Diaparsis coreanus var. kondonis Uchida, 1928. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Faculty Agr., Jour.
21:286.
Taxonomy: Cushman, 1933. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 35: 73.

Biology: Bradley and Burgess, 1934. U. S. Dept. Agr. Tech. Bui. 441: 1-15.

Morphology: Peck, 1937. Canad. Jour. Res., Sect. D (Zool. Sci.) 15: 245-247.

Trathala granulata (Davis)
Mich.

Cremastus granulatus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 365. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 284 (lectotype selection).

Trathala hartii (Ashmead)
N. J., D. C.?, Ky.?, 111.

Cremastus hartii Ashmead, 1895. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Bui. 4: 277. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Hart, 1895. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist.. Bui. 4: 271 (collecting locality and date).
—Cushman, 1930 (1929). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 76 (25): 11 (discussion of syntypes,
excluding those in Ashmead collection).

Trathala latithorax (Cushman)
Tex.

Cremastus (Zaleptopygus) latithorax Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 286. ♀.

Trathala nemoralis (Davis)
Mass., N. Y., Mich.

Cremastus nemoralis Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 364. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 284. (discussion of syntypes).

Trathala obesa (Cushman)
Md.

Cremastus (Zaleptopygus) obesus Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 285. ♀.

Trathala plesia (Cushman)
Mich.

Cremastus (Zaleptopygus) plesius Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 53: 535. ♀.

Trathala protracta (Cushman)
n. comb. Wash. Ecology: The host of the holotype was reared from Aster
eastoni. Host: Coleophora sp.
Cre7Hast2is protractus Cushman, 1935. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 25: 563. ♀.

Trathala retiniae (Cresson)
N. Y., Md.?, D. C.?, Va.? Host: Rhyacionia rigidana (Fern.).

Creinastus retiniae Cresson, 1880. In Comstock, U. S. Dept. Agr., Ann. Rpt. for 1879, p.
238. 6. Notes in the U. S. Natl. Museum indicate that Comstock reared two specimens,
one of which was placed in the Cresson collection and may actually be the one upon
which Cresson based his description. The notes refer to a letter dated June 9, 1880
which Comstock received from Cresson and a letter dated June 23, 1880 which
Comstock sent to Cresson.

Taxonomy: Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 537 (discussion of the broken specimen
presumed to be the holotype and its comparison with specimens which apparently were
not reared from Rhyacionia rigidana).

Trathala rosae (Cushman)
N. J., Va.

Cremastus (Zaleptopygus) rosae Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 53: 536. ♀.




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Trathala rostrata (Cushman)
Mass., Conn., N. Y., Pa., Md. Ecology: Occurs on flowers of Solidago.

Cremastus (Zaleptopygus) rostrahis Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 532. ♀.

Trathala similis (Cushman)
R. I., Conn., N. J., Pa., N. C, Idaho.

Cremastus (Zaleptopygus) similis Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 535. ♀.

Trathala tetralophae (Cushman)
Fla.

Creynasfus (Zaleptopygus) tetralophae Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 537. ♂.

5.

Genus NELEOTHYMUS Foerster

Neleothyjuus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 200.

Type-species: Neleothymus (?) rufo-ornatus Cameron. By subsequent monotypy
from inclusion by Cameron, 1905.

According to Townes (1971) only two species are known.

Ta.xonomy: Townes, 1958. Insects of Micronesia, v. 2, no. 2, p. 68. —Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent.
Inst., Mem. 17: 16-17.

Neleothymus attenuatus (Cushman)
S. C, Tex. Townes (1971) said that JV. attenuatus may be only
subspecifically distinct from the type-species.
Cremasttis (Zaleptopygus) attenuatus Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 286. ♂.
2.

Genus NEOCREMASTUS Cushman

Neocreiuastus Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 509.

Type-species: Porizon stigmaterus Cresson. Monotypic and orig. desig.

Townes (1971) said he has seen specimens of five Nearctic species, three of them being un-
described. He also speculated that the genus probably occurs in Eurasia.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1958. Insects of Micronesia, v. 2, no. 2, p. 66. —Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent.
Inst., Mem. 17: 18.

Neocremastus mellipes (Provancher)
Que., N. Y., N. J.

Atractodes mellipes Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 332. ♀.

Neocremastus stigmaterus (Cresson)
Tex.

Porizon stigmaterus Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. See, Trans. 4: 174. cJ, 9.

Genus TEMELUCHA Foerster

Temelucha Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 148.

Type-species: Porizon macer Cresson. Desig. by Perkins, 1962 from four species
included by Ashmead, 1900.
Paracremastus Szepligeti, 1900. Termes. Fuzetek 23: 28.

Type-species: Paracremastus genalis Szepligeti. Monotypic.
Tarytia Cameron, 1907. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, Jour. 17: 587.

Type-species: Tarytia basimacula Cameron. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Aridrona Cameron, 1911. Transvaal Mus., Ann. 2: 185. Syn. uncertain.

Type-species: Androna fuscicomis Cameron. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Cremastus subg. Cremastidea Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 587.

Type-species: Cremastus (Cremastidea) chinensis Viereck. Monotypic and orig.
desig. The type-species is regarded as a synonym of T. biguttula (Matsumura).
Neocremastus Meyer, 1930. Rev. Russe d'Ent. 24: 67. Preocc. by Cushman, 1917; syn.
uncertain.

Type-species: Neocremastus asiaticus Meyer. Monotypic.

This very large genus is worldwide in distribution. The species typically parasitize lepidop-
terous larvae which conceal themselves in feeding.

Revision: Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 509-532 (as Cremastus, subg. Crematus).
Taxonomy: Townes, 1958. Insects of Micronesia, v. 2, no. 2, p. 68.




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Temelucha brevicauda (Cushman)
N. Mex.

Cremastus (Cremastus) brevicauda Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 528. ♂, ♀.

Temelucha brevinervis (Cushman)
Ariz.

Cremastus (Cremastus) brevinervis Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 282. ♀.

Temelucha brevipetiolus (Cushman)
N. Y., N. J., Pa., Md., Va.

Cremastus (Cremastus) brevipetiolus Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 525. ♂, ♀.

Temeleucha brevipetiolata (!) Walkley, 1967. hi Krombein et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr.
Monog. 2, Sup. 2, p. 208.

Temelucha bruneiceps (Cushman)
D. C.

Cremastus (Cremastus) bruneiceps Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 283. ♀.

Temelucha carpocapsae (Cushman)
Ohio. Host: Grapholitha molesta (Bsk.), Laspeyresia pomonella (L.).

Cremastus carpocapsae Cushman, 1930 (1929). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 76: 11. ♂, ♀.

Temelucha chilonis (Cushman)
Mich., Sask., Alta. Host: Stenochilo forbeseUus (Fern.).

Cremastus chilonis Cushman, 1935. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 25: 562. ♂, ♀.

Biology: Frohne, 1939. Amer. Micros. Soc, Trans. 58: 233, 325, 347.

Temelucha cookii (Weed)
N. Y. w. to Idaho, s. to Va., Kans. and Ariz. Host: Ancylis comptana (Froel).
Cremastus cookii Weed, 1888. Ent. Amer. 4: 150. ♂, ♀.
Cremastus cookii var. rufus Weed, 1888. Ent. Amer. 4: 151. ♂.

Temelucha websteri Ashmead, 1900 (1899). In Smith, N. J. State Bd. Agr., Ann. Rpt. 27,
Sup., p. 584. Nomen nudum.

Biology: Fink, 1932. Jour. Agr. Res. 44: 555, 556. — Haden, 1935. Univ. Del. Agr. Expt. Sta.,
Bui. 194: 29-42. -Summerland, 1938. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 40: 165.

Temelucha epagoges (Cushman)
N. J. s. to S. C, w. to Wis. and Kans. Host: Archips cerasivoranus

(Fitch), Sparganothis sulfureana (Clem.), Epiblema strenuanum (Wlk.), Grapholitha
molesta (Bsk.), Lapeyresia pomonella (L.), Rhyacionia frustrana (Comst.), R.frustrana
bushnelli (Bsk.), Mompha eloisella (Clem.), "Phalonia" oenotherana (Riley).
Cremastus (Cremastus) epagoges Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 531. ♂, ♀.

Biology: Isely and Ackerman, 1923. Ark., Univ., Agr. Expt. Sta. Bui. 189: 47. —Cushman,
1927. Jour. Agr. Res. 34: 618. —Haden, 1935. Del. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bui. 194: 22-41. —Rice,
1937. Jour. Econ. Ent. 30: 108-115.

Temelucha evetriae (Cushman)
N. Mex., Ariz. Host: Rhyacionia frustrana bushnelli (Bsk.).

Cremastus (Cremastus) evetriae Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 530. ♀.

Temelucha facilis (Cresson)
Mass., Ont., and Iowa, s. to Fla., Tex., and N. Mex. Host: Craynbus topiarius
ZelL, Hellula undalis (F.), Ostrinia obumbratalis (Led.), 0. penitalis (Grt.), Isophrictis
similiella (Chamb.).
Porizon facilis Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 175. ♂, ♀.
Porizon macer Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 175. ♂, ♀.

Biology: Franklin, 1921. Mass. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bui. 206: 159.

Temelucha ferruginea (Davis)
Mass., S. Dak., and Idaho, s. to Fla. and N. Mex. Host: Diatraea
crambidoides Grt.
Cremastus femigineus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 364. ♂, ♀.
Atrometus angitiodes Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 311. ♀.
Cremastus (Creinastus) graciliventris Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 522. ♀.

Taxonomy: Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 282.

Temelucha flaviceps (Cushman)
Tex., Colo.

Cremastus (Cremastus) flaviceps Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 53: 521. ♂, ♀.

Temelucha forbesi (Weed)
Mass. s. to S. C, w. to S. Dak. and Colo. Host: Argyrotaenia veiutinana (Wlk.),
Acleris minuta (Rob.), Sparganothis sulfureana (Clem.), Epiblema strenuanum (Wlk.),
Episimus argutanus (Clem.), Grapholitha molesta (Bsk.), Rhopobota naevana (Hbn.),
Aroga trialbamaculella (Chamb.), Filatima persicaeella (Murtf.), Coleophora
fuscedinella Zell.

Cremastus forbesi Weed, 1887. 111. State Lab. Nat. Hist., Bui. 3: 42. ♀.

Cremastus forbesii Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 34. Emend.

Cremastus (Cremastus) tortricidis Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 528. ♀.




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Taxonomy: Walkley, 1958. In Krombein ef a/., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, Sup. 1, p. 61
(syn.).

Biology: Driggers, 1930. N. J. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bui. 510: 17. — Haden, 1935. Del. Agr. Expt.
Sta. Bui. 194: 16-35.

Temelucha gracilipes (Cushman)
Ont., Pa., Tex. Host: Dkymolomia julianalis (Wlk.), Epiblema
strenuanum (Wlk.).
Cremastus (Cremastus) gracilipes Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 520. ♀.

Taxonomy: Cushman, 1930 (1929). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 76 (25): 10.

Temelucha gracilis (Cushman)
N. J., Ky.

Cremastus (Cremastus) gracilis Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 519. ♀.

Temelucha hamiltonensis (Viereck)
Kans.

Thersilochus hayniltonensis Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 301. ♂.

Temelucha grapholithae (Cushman)
N. J. s. to Fla., w. to Kans. and Tex. Host: Grapholitha molesta
(Bsk), Laspeyresia caryana (Fitch).
Cremastus grapholithae Cushman, 1935. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 25: 561. ♂, ♀.
interruptor (Gravenhorst). Conn., N. Y., N. J., Ont., Mich.; Europe. Ecology: Arthur et al.

(1964) have shown that T. interruptor is cleptoparasitic upon Orgilus obscurator (Nees).
Introduced. Host: Rhyacionia buoliana (D. and S.). R. buoliana was the target host for
introductions in North America; it was not learned until after T. interruptor was
estabhshed that it almost exclusively oviposits into R. buoliana larvae which have
already been parasitized by 0. obscurator and develops at the expense of the latter.
Therefore it appears that T. interruptor is detrimental with respect to control of R.
buoliana because it limits the effectiveness of 0. obscurator. Walkley's (1967) Idaho
record for this species was based upon a misidentified specimen.
Cremastus interruptor Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 736. Cremastus opthalmicus Holmgren, 1860 (1858). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad., Handl. (n. f.) 2:
108. ♂.
Taxonomy: Walkley, 1967. In Krombein et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, Sup. 2, p. 208.

Biology: Thorpe, 1930. Bui. Ent. Res. 21: 390. -Thorpe, 1932. Parisitology 24: 109-110.
—Authur, Stainer, and Turnbull, 1964. Canad. Ent. 96: 1030-1034.

Temelucha longigenalis (Cushman)
Que., Maine, N. H.

Temelucha scutellata Ashmead, 1900. In Slosson, Ent. News 11: 320. Nomen nudum.
Cremastus {Cremastus) longigenalis Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 516. ♀.

Temelucha minor (Cushman)
Mass s. to La., w. to Kans. and Tex. Host: Epiblema strenuanum (Wlk.),
Grapholitha molesta (Bsk.), Rhopobota naevana (Hbn.), Scrobipalpula artemisiella
(Kft.), Celama sorghiella (Riley).
Cremastus (Cremastus) minor Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 521.
Biology: Driggers, 1930. N. J. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bui. 510: 17. — Merritt, 1933. Mich. Agr. Expt.
Sta., Quart. Bui. 15: 225. —Pepper and Driggers, 1934. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 27: 596.
—Haden, 1935. Del. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bui. 194: 14-41. —Rice, 1937. Jour. Econ. Ent., 30: 112,
114. — Steenburgh and Boyce, 1938. Ent. Soc. Ont., Ann. Rpt. 69: 72.

Morphology: Peck, 1937. Canad. Jour. Res., Sect. D (Zool. Sci.) 15: 245-247, 249, 250.

Temelucha platynotae (Cushman)
Ariz., Calif. Host: Platynota stidtaiia Wlshm.

Cremastus (Cremastus) platynotae Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 526. ♂, ♀.

Temelucha pterophori (Cushman)
Wis. Host: Oidaematophorus lacteodactylus (Chamb.).

Cremastus pterophori Cushman, 1930 (1929). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 76 (25): 13. ♂, ♀.

Temelucha recta (Provancher)
N. B. s. to N. C, w. to Wis.

Cremastus recttis Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 175. ♀.

Cremastus (Creynastus) longiventris Cushman, 1917. U:. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 517. ♀.

Temelucha rhyacioniae (Cushman)
S. Dak., Mont. Host: Rhyacionia frustrana bushnelli (Bsk.).

Cremastus rhyacioniae Cushman, 1930 (1929). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 76 (25): 12. cJ, 9

Temelucha ruficeps (Cushman)
Wis.

Cremastus (Cremastus) ruficeps Cushman, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 518. ♀.




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Temelucha sinuata (Cushman)
Tex., Calif. Host: Cactobrosis strigalis (B. and McD.), Rumatha
glaucatella (Hulst).
Cremastus {Cremastus) smuatus Cushman, 1926. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 67 (23): 12. ♂, ♀.

Subfamily PHRUDINAE

This small subfamily includes ten genera, three of which are represented by Nearctic species.
The few species which have been reared are internal larval parasites of Coleoptera.

Genus EAROBIA Townes

Earobia Townes, 1951. In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 53: 307.

Type-species: Earobia minor Townes. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Eehthrolaricobius Perkins, 1953. Entomophaga 3: 146.

Type-species: Echthrolaricobi^is paradoxus Perkins. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This genus is known from two described species, one European and one North American. A
specimen from northern Idaho in the U. S. Natl. Museum collection may represent an un-
described species. The European E. paradoxus has been reared from a species of Laricobius.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 27-28.

Earobia minor Townes
N. Y.

Earobia minor Townes, 1951. In Townes and Townes, Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 53: 307. ♂, ♀.

Genus PHRUDUS Foerstcr

Astrenis Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 148.

Type-species: Hainbergiella sinuata Roman. Monotypically included and desig. by
Perkins, 1962.
Phrudus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 196.

Type-species: Phrudus nioiiiliconiis Bridgman. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Dalla Torre, 1901.
Phrudus Bridgman, 1886. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 19: 361. Preocc. by Foerster, 1868.

Type-species: Phrudus inoniliconiis Bridgman. Monotypic.
Ktenostilpnus Strobl, 1901. Naturw. Ver. Steiermark, Mitt. 37: 256.

Type-species: Ktenostilpnus aequearticulatus Strobl. Monotypic. The type-species is
regarded as a synonym of P. monilicoiiiis Bridgman.
Orona Cameron, 1905. Invertebrata Pacifica 1: 131. Preocc. by Haeckel, 1887.

Type-species: Orona petiolaris Cameron. Monotypic.
Mengersenia Schmiedeknecht, 1907. Hym. Mitteleuropas, p. 606.

Type-species: Mengersenia paradoxa Schmiedeknecht. Monotypic.
Hambergiella Roman, 1909. In Hamberg, Naturw. Untersuch. des Sarekgebirges in
Schwedisch-Lappland, v. 4, p. 359.

Type-species: Hambergiella sinuata Roman. Monotypic.
Vendolius Roman, 1914. Arkiv for Zool. 9 (2): 35.

Type-species: Vendolius stilpninus Roman. Monotypic. The type-species is regarded
as a synonym of P. moiiilicornis Bridgman.

This is a small Holarctic genus. Townes (1971) said he knew about 15 species, most of which
were undescribed.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 28-29.

Phrudus dakota Cushman
Western S. Dak.

Phrudus dakota Cushman, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 72 (13): 17. ♀.
exarealatus Cushman. N. Y.

Phrudus exarealatus Cushman, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 72 (13): 19. ♀.

Phrudus petiolaris (Cameron)
Mid-coastal Calif.

Orona petiolaris Cameron, 1905. Invertebrata Pacifica 1: 131. ♀.

Genus PEUCOBIUS Townes

Peucobius Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 17: 29.




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Type-species: Peucobius fulvus Townes. Orig. desig.

This genus is not known to occur outside the Nearctic Region.

Peucobius fulvus Townes
Md., w. N. C, Mich. Ecology: The holotype and six paratypes were collected in
Md. in late April; they were swept from branches of Pinus virginiana bearing
staminate cones which had not yet shed their pollen.
Peucobius fulvus Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 30. ♂, ♀.

Peucobius piceus Townes
N. Mex., n. Utah, e. Calif. Ecology: Three paratypes from Utah were collected
on June 19 at an elevation of 8000 ft.; they were swept from branches of Pinus contorta
bearing staminate cones which had not shed their pollen. The significance of the latter
circumstance seems obscured by the fact that a paratype from Cloudcroft, N. Mex. was
collected on August 28, certainly well after the pines there had shed their pollen.
Peucobius piceus Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 30. ♂, ♀.

Subfamily TERSILOCHINAE

This is a small subfamily including 15 described genera, ten of which are represented by
Nearctic species. Most of the species are apparently internal larval parasites of Coleoptera.
However, one Nearctic species of an undescribed genus has been reared from the eriocraniid
microlepidopteran Dyseriocrania griseocapitella (Wlshm.), and at least several species of the
Genus Allophroides have been reared from sawflies of the genus Xyela. Perhaps the systematic
position of the hosts is not so important as the fact that all or most of them construct pupal cells,
cases, or cocoons in the soil.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 17: 33-49 (genera of world).

Genus ALLOPHROIDES Horstmann

Allophroides Horstmann, 1971. Zool. Staatssamml. Muenchen, Veroeffentl. 15: 52.
Type-species: Porizon boops Gravenhorst. Orig. desig.

This is a Holarctic genus of moderate size. None of the Nearctic species have been described.
Labels on specimens in the U. S. Natl. Museum collection and unpublished rearing notes of R. A.
Cushman indicate that at least several Nearctic species have been reared from larvae of Xyela.
Some of these species do not agree very well with the generic redefinition of Townes (1971),
particularly with respect to the position of the glymma on the first tergite. Apparently, the
limits of the genus will either have to be greatly broadened or significantly restricted.

Genus PROBLES Foerster

Probles Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 147.

Type-species: Probles melanarius Szepligeti. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Szepligeti, 1899. The type-species is regarded as a synonym of P.
erythrostovuis (Gravenhorst).

This is a moderately large genus; according to Townes (1971) its distribution is worldwide.
Horstmann (1971) recognized three subgenera in his treatment of the European species.

Revision: Horstmann, 1971. Zool. Staatssamml. Muenchen, Veroeffentl. 15: 81-97 (European
spp.).

Taxonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 37-38.

Probles maturus (Provancher)
Que., Wyo.

Thersilochus maturus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 92. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 17: 38.

Genus BARYCNEMIS Foerster

Barycnemis Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 147.

Type-species: Porizon claviveyitris Gravenhorst. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Brischke, 1880.
Leptopygus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 148.




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Type-species: Ichneumon harpurus Schrank. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from two
species included by Thomson, 1889.
Cratophion Thomson, 1889. Opusc. Ent. 13: 1363.

Type-species: Porizon gravipes Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Cyrtophion Thomson, 1889. Opusc. Ent. 13: 1367.

Type-species: Porizon dissimilis Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Zastemaulax Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 647.

Type-species: Zastemaulax simplicicomis Viereck. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Porizonidea Viereck, 1914. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 83: 122, 158. The alternate spelling
"Parizonidea" appeared on p. 158.

Type-species: Ichneumon exhaustator Fabricius. Monotypic. Article 68 (c) of the
International Code of Zoological Nomenclature indicates that /. exhaustator is the
type-species of Porizonidea by monotypy, in spite of Viereck's original
designation, which reads: "Type.~(Pon20?i hostilis Gravenhorst)= Porizon

Barycnemis exhaustator (Fabricius)
"

This is a Holarctic genus of moderate size.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 38-40.

Barycnemis bellator (Mueller)
N. H., N. Y., Colo.; Greenland; Europe.

Ichneumon bellator Mueller, 1776. Zool. Danicae Prodromus, p. 158. Sex not indicated.
Barycnemis slossonae Ashmead, 1906. hi Slosson, Ent. News 17: 324. Nomen nudum.
Barycnemis slossonae Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (8): 8. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 40

Barycnemis borealis (Provancher)
Que.

Porizon boreale Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11: 206. "♀"=♂. Preocc. by Zetterstedt,
1838 and Provancher, 1877; not renamed here because of uncertain synonymy. Contrary
to the argument of Barron (1975), Townes (1945) was correct in treating this as a
description of a new species rather than as a redescription of Porizon borealis
Provancher, 1877, a synonym of B. rugosa (Provancher). Were it not for the fact that
Provancher indicated that his 1879 description was that of a new species, Barron's
argument might have some validity. According to Barron, Provancher's 1877 and 1879
descriptions are based on different specimens which are not conspecific.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 704. —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102:
434.

Barycnemis exhaustator (Fabricius)
Maine, N. H., Ont.; Europe.

Ichneumon exhaustator Fabricius, 1798. Sup. Ent. System., p. 226. Sex not indicated.

Porizon hostilis Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 753. ♂, ♀.

Porizon gravipes Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 757. ♀.

Thersilochus errabundus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 92.

9 . N. syn.
Notopygus americana Harrington, 1892. Canad. Ent. 24: 98. ♀. N. syn.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 17: 40.

Barycnemis harpura (Schrank)
Que., N. Y., S. Dak., Colo., N. Mex., Idaho, s. B. C; Europe.
Ichneumon harpurus Schrank, 1802. Fauna Boica, v. 2, pt. 2, p. 294. ♀.
Creniastus augularis Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 176. ♂.
Mesoleptus micans Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 114. "cJ" = 6, 9.
Porizon elongatum Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 91. ♂, ♀.
Atractodes politus Ashmead, 1890. Colo. Biol. Assoc, Bui. 1: 23. 6, 9. N. syn. Preocc. in

Atractodes by Provancher, 1874.
Porizon canaliculatus Viereck, 1903. In Skinner, Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 93. ♂. N. syn.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 39-40.

Barycnemis linearis Ashmead
Del., Ont.

Barycnemis linearis Ashmead, 1895. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 3: 328. ♀.

Barycnemis rugosa (Provancher)
Que., N. H., N. Y.

Porizon borealis Provancher, 1877. Nat. Canad. 9: 14. ♂. Preocc. by Zetterstedt, 1839.
Porizon nigosum Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11: 206. "♀"=♂.




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Leptopygus monticola Ashmead, 1897. In Slosson, Ent. News 8: 237. Nomen nudum.

Barycnemis simplicicornis (Viereck)
Colo., Mont., Wash., Oreg. Host: Pissodes sp.

Zastemaulax simplicicornis Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 647. ♂.

Genus PECTINOLOCHUS Aubert

Tersilochus subg. Pectinolochus Aubert, 1960. Soc. Ent. de Mulhouse, Bui. 16: 65.

Type-species: Tersilochus {Pectinolochus) ungxiiculaior Aubert. Monotypic.
Polemolochus Aubert, 1964. Soc. Ent. de Mulhouse, Bui. 20: 39.

Type-species: Thersilochus ensifer Brischke. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is a Holarctic genus. Townes (1971) said he had seen 14 species, most of which were un-
described, but he did not indicate how many of these are Nearctic. Horstmann (1971) treated
four European species.

Revision: Horstmann, 1971. Zool. Staatssamml. Muenchen, Veroeffentl. 15: 55-58.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 41.

Genus TERSILOCHUS Holmgren

Tersilochus Holmgren, 1859 (1858). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad., Ofvers af ... Forhandl. 15:
329.

Type-species: Porizon jocator Gravenhorst. Monotypic. The type-species is
Gravenhorst's misidentification of Ichiieumon jocator Fabricius. The correct
name for jocator in the sense of Gravenhorst is T. cognatus Holmgren.
Thersilochus(l) Holmgren, 1860 (1858). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 2: 135.

This is a Holarctic genus of moderate size.

Revision: Horstmann, 1971. Zool. Staatssamml. Muenchen, Veroeffentl. 15: 114-134
(European spp.).

Taxonomy: Horstmann, 1969 (1968). Opusc. Zool. 102: 1-2.

Tersilochus alaskensis (Ashmead)
Southwestern Alaska.

Isurgus alaskensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 239. ♀.

Tersilochus conotracheli (Riley)
Que. s. to w. N. C, w. to Iowa. Host: Conotrachelus anaglypticus (Say),
C. nenuphar (Herbst), C. retentus (Say).
Porizon conotracheli Riley, 1871. Mo. State Ent., Ann. Rpt. 3: 28. ♂, ♀.

Biology: Cushman, 1916. Jour. Agr. Res. 6: 847-855.

Tersilochus deficiens (Provancher)
Ont.

Stilpnus deficiens Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 359. ♀.

Genus STETHANTYX Townes

Stethantyx Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 42.

Type-species: Stethantyx nearctica Townes. Montypic and orig. desig.

This is a Neotropic and Nearctic genus of moderate size.

Stethantyx nearctica Townes
Md., D. C, e. N. C, n.w. S. C; n. Mexico.

Stethantyx nearctica Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 43. ♂, ♀.

Genus ALLOPHRYS Foerster

Allophrys Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 147.

Type-species: Thersilochus oculatus Ashmead. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from three
species included by Szepligeti, 1905.

This is a small Neotropic, Nearctic, Oriental, and Ethiopian genus. An undescribed species oc-
curs in the southeastern U. S. A.

Genus PHRADIS Foerster

Ischnobatis Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 148.




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Phradis Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 148.

Type-species: Thersilochus (Phradis) hrevis Brischke. By subsequent monotypy
from inclusion by Brischke, 1880.
Eutomus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 148.

Type-species: Isurgus lanceolatus Szepligeti. Monotypically included and desig. by
Viereck, 1914.
Isurgus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 148.

Type-species: Isurgus lanceolatus Szepligeti. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from nine
species included by Szepligeti, 1899.

This is a Holarctic genus of moderate size. Horstmann (1971) treated 11 European species, and
Townes (1971) said he had seen five Nearctic species, all of which he believed to be undescribed.

Revision: Horstmann, 1971. Zool. Staatssamml. Muenchen, Veroeffentl. 15: 67-77 (European
spp.).

Taxonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 46.

Genus DIAPARSIS Foerster

Ischnobatis Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 148.

Type-species: Thersilochus (Ichnobatis[.']) stramineipes Brischke. By subsequent
monotypy from inclusion by Brischke, 1880.
Diaparsis Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 149.

Type-species: Porizon nutritor Gravenhorst. Desig. by Perkins, 1962 from 12
species included by Thomson, 1889. The type-species is Gravenhorst's
misidentification of Ophion nutritor Fabricius. According to Horstmann (1971)
nutritor in the sense of Gravenhorst is a synonym of Diaparsis truncata
(Gravenhorst).
Diaparsus Thomson, 1889. Opusc. Ent. 13: 1369. Emend.
Luchatema Walkley, 1956. Ent. News 67: 154

Type-species: Luchatema baldufi Walkley. Monotypic and orig. desig.

According to Townes (1971) this is a large genus of Holarctic, Oriental, and Ethiopian distribu-
tion. Horstmann (1971) treated seven European species. Two European species which are
parasites of Oulema melanopus (L.) have been released in North America; one of these, D.

Diaparsis carinifer (Thomson)
has not become established; the other, a new species soon to be described
by Dr. Klaus Horstmann, is established or at least has been recovered in w. N. Y., Pa., w. W. Va.,
Ohio, s. Mich., and n. Ind. according to unpublished information supplied by T. L. Burger.

Revision: Horstmann, 1971. Zool. Staatssamml. Muenchen, Veroeffentl. 15: 100-107
(European spp.).

Taxonomy: Perkins, 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 11: 417, 431. —Horstmann, 1969
(1968). Opusc. Zool. 102: 2. —Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 47-48.
americana (Brues). Mass., R. I., N. Y., Md., W. Va., Colo.?, N. Mex.? Ecology: Occurs in late
summer and fall on flowers of Solidago.
Heterocola americana Brues, 1916. Ent. News 27: 331. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 48.

Diaparsis baldufi (Walkley)
Mass. w. to s. Sask., s. to central 111., n.e. Kans., and s.w. Wyo. Host:
Rhynchites bicolor (F.).
Luchatema baldufi Walkley, 1956. Ent. News 67: 154. ♂, ♀.

Diaparsis carinifer (Thomson)
Europe. Introduced in Michigan in 1967 and a number of times since,
without becoming established. Stehr and Haynes (1972) reported the species as
established, but the record of establishment applies not to carinifer but to Diasparsis n.
sp. (see above introductory paragraph on Diaparsis).
Thersilochus carinifer Thomson, 1889. Opusc. Ent. 13: 1392. 9. Bibliographic information
published by Laboulbene (1889) indicates that fascicle 13 of Opusc. Ent. was published
prior to June 12, 1889.




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Thersilochus carinatus Bridgman, 1889. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 37: 430. 9. Information
published by Wheeler (1912) shows that Bridgman's paper was published on Oct. 28,
1889.

Thersilochus venialis Szepligeti, 1899. Termes. Fuzetek 22: 228. ♀.

Taxonomy: Laboulbene, 1889. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. (6) 9: cxxiv in Bui. —Wheeler, 1912
(1911). Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 59: 759. — Horstmann, 1971. Zool. Staatssamml. Muenchen,
Veroeffentl. 15: 103.

Biology: Stehr and Haynes, 1972. Jour. Econ. Ent. 65: 405-407. — Dysart, Maltby, and
Brunson, 1973. Entomophaga 18: 139-142. —Montgomery and Dewitt, 1975. Ent. Soc.
Amer., Ann. 68: 574-578 (egg and larval instars).

Genus ANEUCLIS Foerster

Aneuclis Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 147.

Type-species: Isurgus rufipes Szepligeti. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from five species
and two synonyms included by Szepligeti, 1905.

This is a small genus of Holarctic, Oriental, and Ethiopian distribution. According to Townes
(1971) there is one Nearctic species; apparently, it is undescribed.

Revision: Horstmann, 1971. Zool. Staatssamml. Muenchen, Veroeffentl 15: 59-63 (European
spp.).

Taxonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 48-49.

Unplaced Taxa of Tersilochinae

According to Townes and Townes (1951), the three native species which here remain unplaced
have elongate thyridea. Some of these may prove to belong in Probles. The introduced species
which I have added to the unplaced category also have elongate thyridea, but do not seem
referable to Probles because of the shortness of their ovipositors (as long as apical depth of ab-
domen) combined with the shortness of the "foveate groove" on the mesopleurum.

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1951. hi Muesebeck et a/., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2:
394.
Anexiclisil) erythrostomus Cameron, 1905. Invertebrata Pacifica 1: 131. 9. Western Nev. If the
species belongs in Probles it would be preocc. by erythrostomus (Gravenhorst), 1829.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 103.
Porizon argentinensis Blanchard, 1945. Soc. Ent. Argentina, Rev. 12: 308. 9 . Argentina,

Uruguay. Introduced in s. Calif, in 1946, without becoming established. Host: Listroderes
costirostris obliquus (Klug). See P. parkeri Blanchard.

Taxonomy: Kerrich, 1961. Eos 37: 497-503.

Biology: Parker, Berry, and Silveria, 1950. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1016: 1-14, 26-28.
—Wilson and Wearne, 1962. Austral. Jour. Agr. Res. 13: 253.

Morphology: Short, 1959. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 110: 496 (final-instar larva).
Porizon parkeri Blanchard, 1945. Soc. Ent. Argentina, Rev. 12: 305. 9 . Argentina, Uruguay.
Introduced in s. Calif, in 1946; it did not become established, although an undescribed
thelytokous species which was identified as the "parthenogenetic strain" of parkeri by
Kerrich (1961) is widely established in s. Calif, according to Clancy (1969). Host:
Listroderes costirostris obliquus (Klug). The undescribed thelytokous species which is
established in Calif, is more similar in coloration to P. argentinensis (which see) than to
P. pa rkeri and, therefore, was probably released in Calif, along with the former species.
These three species, which have also been released in Australia, appear to represent an
undescribed genus.

Taxonomy: Kerrich, 1961. Eos 37: 497-503.

Biology: Parker, Berry, and Silveria, 1950. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1016: 1-14, 26-28.
—Wilson and Wearne, 1962. Austral. Jour. Agr. Res. 13: 253. —Clancy, 1969. Jour. Econ.
Ent. 62: 743-745.




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Thersilockus montanus Ashmead, 1890. Colo. Biol. Assoc, Bui. 1: 23. 6. Western Colo. I have
studied the holotype and suppose it may belong in the genus Probles as defined by
Townes (1971); because placement of the species in Probles would preoccupy Probles
(Euporizon) monta7ius Horstmann (1971), I leave it unplaced pending both identification
of the female and a more precise redefinition of Probles.

Taxonomy: Horstmann, 1971. Zool. Staatssamml. Muenchen, Veroeffentl. 15: 91. —Townes,
1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 37-38.
Thersilockus pallidipes Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 43. Emend, of pallipes

Provancher and syn. of provancheri Ashmead (which see).
Thersilockus pallipes Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13: 367. 9. Que. Preocc. by Holmgren,
1860; replaced by provancheri Ashmead (which see).

Taxonomy: Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 526.
Thersilockus Provancheri Ashmead, 1890. Colo. Biol. Assoc, Bui. 1: 24. N. name for pallipes

Provancher.
Thersilockus provanckeri Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 61 (8): 30. Unnecessary n.

name for pallipes Provancher; preocc. by Ashmead, 1890. Cushman was unaware that

Ashmead (1890) had validated the name provanckeri, and thought that it had been

published only as a nomen nudum.

Subfamily OPHIONINAE

Townes (1971) divided the subfamily into two tribes, the Ophionini and the Enicospilini.
Ophioninae are internal parasites, and the usual hosts are larvae of Lepidoptera. Ophion
nigrovarius (Provancher), however, is a larval parasite of Phyllophaga (Coleoptera:
Scarabaeidae).

Taxonomy: Cushman, 1947. U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc 96: 417-482 (genera of world). —Townes,
1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 49-82 (genera of world).

Tribe OPHIONINI

Fourteen genera are currently recognized, and seven of these are represented by Nearctic
species.

Genus OPHION Fabricius

Ophion Fabricius, 1798. Sup. Ent. System., p. 210, 235.

Type-species: Ichneumon iuteus Linnaeus. Desig. by Curtis, 1835.
Paniscus schrank, 1802. Fauna Boica, v. 2, pt. 2, p. 316. See introductory discussion of
Genus Netelia .

Type-species: Ickneumon Iuteus Linnaeus. Monotypic
Psylonyckia Szepligeti, 1905. hi Wytsman, Gen. Ins., fasc. 34, p. 21.

Type-species: Stenopktkalmiis algiricus Szepligeti. Monotypically included and
desig. by Cushman, 1947.
Stejiophthahnus Szepligeti, 1905. In Wytsman, Gen. Ins., fasc. 34, p. 23. Preocc. by Becker,
1903.

Type-species: Stenopktkatnius algiricus Szepligeti. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Ophion subg. Packyprotoma Kohl, 1906 (1905). In Penther and Zederbauer, Wien. Mus.
der Naturgesch., Ann. 20: 223.

Type-species: Ophion (Packyprotoma) capitatus Kohl. Monotypic.
Atistralopkion Morley, 1912. Rev. Ichn. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 30.

Type-species: Ophion peregrinus Smith. Monotypic.
Neophion Morley, 1912. Rev. Ichn. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 30.

Type-species: Neopkion crassus Morley. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Ophion subg. Platopkion Hellen, 1926. Soc pro Fauna et Flora Fenn., Acta. 56 (6): 13.

Type-species: Ophion areolaris Brauns. Desig. by Cushman, 1947.
Potopkion Cushman, 1947. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 96: 442.

Type-species: Potopkion caudatus Cushman. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This very large genus is worldwide in distribution.




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Revision: Hooker, 1912. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 38: 21-50.
bilineatus Say. Ind. The type locality would presumably have been southwestern Ind. The

original description gives the length of bilineatus as "seven-twentieths of an inch," but
because the additional remarks of Say (1836) seem to confirm placement of this species
in Ophion, that measurement was presumably an error for seven-tenths of an inch.
Opliion bilineatus Say, 1829. Contrib. Maclurian Lyceum to Arts and Sci. 1: 75. Sex not
indicated. No type specimen is known to remain in existence.

Taxonomy: Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 239, 240. — Townes and Townes, 1951. In
Muesebeck et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 402.
coloradensis (felt). Colo.

Genophion coloradensis Felt, 1904. N. Y. State Mus., Bui. 76: 124. ♀.

crassus (Morley). N. S.

Neopliion crassus Morley, 1912. Rev. Ichn. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 31. ♂.
elongatus Hooker. Colo., N. Mex., Ariz.

Ophion bilineattis elongatus Hooker, 1912. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 38: 30. ♀.
epallidus Walkley. Southern Colo.

Ophion bilineatus var. pallida Cockerell, 1889. Sci. Gossip 25: 92. Sex not indicated.

Preocc. by Taschenberg, 1875.
Ophion epallidus Walkley, 1958. In Krombein et ai, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, Sup.
1, p. 62. N. name for pallida Cockerell.

flavidus Brulle. N. Y. s. to Fla., w. to n.e. Kans. and s. Tex.; West Indies, Costa Rica,
Guatamala, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina. Host: Agrotis ipsilon (Hufn.),
Heliothis zea (Bod.), Peridroma saucia (Hbn.), Spodoptera eridania (Cram.).

Ophion flavidus Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 143. [female].

Ophion biangularis Taschenberg, 1875. Ztschr. f. Naturw. 46: 432. ♀.

Ophion ancyloneura Cameron, 1886. Biol. Cent.-Amer., Hym., v. 1, p. 294. ♀.

Ophion diversus Szepligeti, 1906. Mus. Natl. Hungarici, Ann. 4: 131. ♂, ♀.

Ophion concolor Szepligeti, 1906. Mus. Natl. Hungarici, Ann. 4: 131. ♂. Preocc. by Cresson,
1865.

Ophion politer Morley, 1912. Rev. Ichn. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 56. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1966. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: 168-169 (syn.).

Morphology: Cushman, 1947. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc, v. 96, pi. 52, fig. 43 (metathorax and
propodeum).
idoneus Viereck. Mass. w. to s. Man., s. to n. Va., Tenn., and n.e. Kans. Host: Sunira bicolorago
(Gn.).
Ophion idoneum Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 312. ♂.

Morphology: Cushman, 1947. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc, v. 96, pi. 49, fig. 3 (final-instar larva).

Netelia magniceps
***authority mismatch
Hooker. Mont.?, Calif.

Ophion abnormis magniceps Hooker, 1912. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 38: 36. 9 (d misdet.?).
nigrovarius Provancher. N. S. s. to n. Va., w. to Minn., Colo., and Tex. Host: Phyllophaga

fnsca (Froel.). The name bifoveolatus Brulle was for many years incorrectly applied to
this species; see Enicospilus bifoveolatus (Brulle).
Ophion nigrovarius Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 104. ♂, ♀.
Eurycaniptus nova-scotiae Morley, 1912. Rev. Ichn. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 29. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 106, 111. —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad.
102: 519.
siossonae Davis. N. H. w. to w. S. Dak., s. to n. Ga. and s. Tex. Host: Acronicta americana
(Harris).
Ophion siossonae Davis, 1893. Ent. News 4: 135. ♂.
Ophion ferruginipennis Felt, 1904. N. Y. State Mus., Bui. 76: 122. ♀.
tityri Packard. Mass., N. Y., N. J., Mich. Host: E pargyreus clarus (Cram.).
Ophion tityri Packard, 1881. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Proc. 21: 19. ♂.




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Genus CLISTORAPHA Cushman

Clistorapha Cushman, 1947. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 96: 450.

Type-species: Ophion subfuUginosus Ashmead. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is a small Holarctic genus.

Clistorapha subfuliginosa (Ashmead)
Ariz.; n.w. Mexico.

Ophion subfuUginosus Ashmead, 1894. Calif. Acad. Sci., Proc. (2) 4: 126. ♂, ♀.

Genus BOETHONEURA Cushman

Boethoneura Cushman, 1947. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 96: 451.

Type-species: Boethoneura arida Cushman. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is a small Nearctic and Neotropic genus.

Boethoneura arida Cushman
Ariz., Nev.: n.w. Mexico.

Boethoneura arida Cushman, 1947. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 96: 452. ♀.

Genus TROPHOPHION Cushman

Trophophion Cushman, 1947. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 96: 447.

Type-species: Trophophion tenuiceps Cushman. Monotypic and orig. desig.

Only one species is known.

Trophophion tenuiceps Cushman
Ariz., s. Calif.

Trophophion tenuiceps Cushman, 1947. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 96: 449.

Genus APATOPHION Shestakov

Apatophion Shestakov, 1926. Konowia 5: 262.

Type-species: Apatophion mirsa Shestakov. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is a small Holarctic genus. According to Townes (1971) there are two undescribed species
in the central United States.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 59-60.

Genus GENOPHION Felt

Genophion Felt, 1904. N. Y. State Mus., Bui. 76: 123.

Type-species: Genophion gilletti Felt. Orig. desig.
Chilophion Cushman, 1947. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 96: 454.

Type-species: Ophion abnormus Felt. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is a small Nearctic genus, a number of species being undescribed.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 61-62 (syn.).

Genophion abnormus (Felt)
Southwestern S. Dak., s.w. Kans., s.e. Wyo., Colo.
Ophion abnonnum Felt, 1904. N. Y. State Mus., Bui. 76: 121. ♀.
Eremotylus felti Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 312. ♀.
Ophion abnortnis Hooker, 1912. Amer. Ent. See, Trans. 38: 47. Emend.

Genophion costalis (Cresson)
Colo., s. Idaho, s. Oreg.

Ophion costale Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 366. 9. Cresson cited
the type locality as "Klamath Co., California," but there has never been a Klamath Co.
anywhere except in Oreg.
Genophion gilletti Felt, 1904. N. Y. State Mus., Bui. 76: 123. ♀.

Tribe ENICOSPILINI

Only four of the 20 genera currently recognized genera have Nearctic species, the species of
Enicospilini being most numerous in the tropics.




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Genus RHYNCHOPHION Enderlein

Rhynchophion Enderlein, 1912. Zool. Anz. 39: 630.

Type-species: Rhynchophion odontandroplax Enderlein. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is a small Neotropic and Nearctic genus.

Rhynchophion flammipennis (Ashmead)
Southeastern Ariz.; Mexico, Nicaragua, Ecuador.

Thyreodon flammipennis Ashmead, 1894. Calif. Acad. Sci., Proc. (2) 4: 125. ♀.

Genus THYREODON Brulle

Thyreodon Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 150.
Type-species: Thyreodon cyaneus Brulle. Desig. by Hooker, 1912.
Athyreodon Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 87.

Type-species: Athyreodon thoracicus Ashmead. Monotypic and orig. desig. The
type-species is regarded as a synonym of T. atriventris atriventris (Cresson).
Tipulophion Kriechbaumer, 1901. Ztschr. System. Hym. Dipt. 1: 75.

Type-species: Tipulophion gigas Kriechbaumer. Monotypic. The type-species is
regarded as a subspecies of T. atriventris (Cresson).
Macrophion Szepligeti, 1905. In Wytsman, Gen. Ins., fasc. 34, p. 32.

Type-species: Macrophion omatiis Szepligeti. Desig. by Viereck, 1912. The
type-species is regarded as a synonym of T. atriventris atriveyitris (Cresson).
Oleter Shestakov, 1926. Konowia 5: 259.

Type-species: Oleter selenaction Shestakov. Monotypic and orig. desig. The
type-species is regarded as a synonym of T. laticinctus Cresson.

This is a large genus of Neotropic and Nearctic distribution, the majority of the species being
Neotropic.

Thyreodon atricolor
***authority mismatch
atricolor (Olivier). Que. w. to s. Man., s. to Fla. and e. Tex. Host: Lapara
coniferanim (J. E. S.), L. bornbycoides Wlk., Paonias excaecatus (J. E. S.).
Ophion atricolor Olivier, 1812 (1811). In Olivier and Latreille, Encycl. Meth., Diet. Ins., v.

8, p. 511. ♀.
Thyreodon bnillei Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey Bui. 22:
287. cJ, 9. Validated as a "new name" for "T. morio Authors, not Fabricius." Viereck
gave a few descriptive remarks, gave data for two specimens he had seen from Conn.,
and referred to the figure of Howard (1902). The specimen in the U. S. National
Museum upon which Howard's figure is based is here selected as lectotype; it is a
female collected at Nyack, N. Y. by J. L. Zabriskie in 1883.

Taxonomy: Howard, 1902. The Insect Book, pi. 10, fig. 15.

Thyreodon atricolor
***authority mismatch
flavicornis (Say). Kans., Colo., N. Mex., s.e. Idaho, Utah, Ariz.

Anomalon flavicomis Say, 1823. West. Quart. Rptr. 2: 73. Sex not indicated.

Thyreodon snowi Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 313. ♀.

Thyreodon morio transitionalis Viereck, 1906. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 32: 225. ♀.

Thyreodon fernaldi Hooker
Colo., Ariz.; n. Mexico.

Thyreodon femaldi Hooker, 1912. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 38: 131. ♂, ♀.

Thyreodon ornatipennis Cresson
N. Mex.; n. Mexico.

Thyreodon ornatipennis Cresson, 1874 (1873). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 25: 376. ♀.

Genus SIMOPHION Cushman

Simophion Cushman, 1947. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 96: 446.

Type-species: Simophion excarinatus Cushman. Monotypic and orig. desig.

A single species is known to the author. Cushman said he had seen four undescribed species,
and it is likely that at least some of them were only color variants of excarinatns. It is ap-
parently not known if the Palearctic species S. calvus Viktorov and S. victorovi Malyavin really
belong in Simophion.

Simophion excarinatus Cushman
Southwestern Tex., s. N. Mex., s. Ariz., s.e. Calif.

Simophion excarinatus Cushman, 1947. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 96: 447. ♀.




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Genus ENICOSPILUS Stephens

Enicospilus Stephens, 1829. System. Cat. Brit. Ins., p. 352. Nomen nudum.
Enicospilus Stephens, 1835. lUus. Brit. Ent., v. 7, p. 126.

Type-species: Enicospilus merdarius Stephens. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Stephens, 1845. E. merdarius Stephens is preocc. in Enicospilus by

Enicospilus merdarius (Gravenhorst)
; merdarius Stephens is a synonym of Enicospilus
ramidulus (Linnaeus) (n. syn.). The details of the excellent discussion by Hooker
(1912) appear to be correct except that Stephens (1845) did not cite any author
for the name Enicospilus merdarius, and Stephens (1846) indicated that the
figure to which the combination Enicospilus rnerdarius referred was E.
combustus (Gravenhorst), presently a synonym of E. ramidulus (Linnaeus), and
he distinguished E. combustus from E. merdarius (Gravenhorst).
Henicospilus Agassiz, 1846. Nomencl. Zool., Index Univ., p. 138. Emend.
Allocamptus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 150.

Type-species: Ophion undulatus Gravenhorst. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Thomson, 1888.
Ophion subg. Dispilus Kriechbaumer, 1894. Berlin. Ent. Ztschr. 39: 309.

Type-species: Ophion (Dispilus) nataleiisis Kriechbaumer. Monotypic.
Pleuroneurophion Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 86.

Type-species: Pleuroneurophion hawaiiensis Ashmead. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Cymatoneura Kriechbaumer, 1901 (Jan.). Ztschr. System. Hym. Dipt. 1 (1): 22.

Type-species: Ophion undulatus Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1912 from four
species included by Kriechbaumer, 1901 (Mar.).
Pterospilus Kriechbaumer, 1901. Ztschr. System. Hym. Dipt. 1 (3): 156. Preocc. by
Rondani, 1856.

Type-species: Ophion {Enicospilus) dubius Tosquinet. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Trispilus Kriechbaumer, 1901. Ztschr. System. Hym. Dipt. 1 (3): 156.

Type-species: Ophion (Enicospilus) trimaculatus Tosquinet. Monotypic.
Abanchogastra Perkins, 1902. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 50: 141.
Type-species: Abanchogastra debilus Perkins. Monotypic.
Metophion Szepligeti, 1905. In Wytsman, Gen. Ins., fasc. 34, p. 28.

Type-species: Metophion bicolor Szepligeti. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Ceratospilus Szepligeti, 1905. hi Wytsman, Gen. Ins., fasc. 34, p. 28.

Type-species: Ceratospilus biroi Szepligeti. Monotypic.
Atoponeura Szepligeti, 1905. In Wytsman, Gen. Ins., fasc. 34, p. 34.

Type-species: Atoponeura concolor Szepligeti. Monotypic. The type-species is a
synonym of E. atoponeurus Cushman.
Ophiomorpha Szepligeti, 1905. In Wytsman, Gen. Ins., fasc. 34, p. 34. Preocc. by Nilsson,
1836.

Type-species: Ophion curvinervis Cameron. Desig. by Hooker, 1912. The
type-species is a synonym of E. cameronii (Dalla Torre).
Cryptocamptus Brethes, 1909. Buenos Aires, Mus. Nac. de Hist. Nat., An. 19: 230. This
name was proposed as a "new name" for Allocamptus "Thomson," which, according to
present rules of nomenclature, Brethes incorrectly regarded as being a misidentification
of Allocamptus Foerster.

Type-species: Ophion undulatus Gravenhorst. Monotypic.
A7nesospilus Enderlein, 1914. In Michaelson, Beitr. z. Kenntnis d. Land-u.
Suesswasserfauna Deut.-Suedwestafrikas, v. 1, p. 222.

Type-species: Ophion unicallosus Snellen van Vollenhoven. Orig. desig.
Ereinoty hides Perkins, 1915. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 62: 530.
Type-species: Eremotylus orbitalis Ashmead. Monotypic.
Schizospilus Seyrig, 1935 (1936). Paris, Mus. d'Hist. Nat., Mem. (n. s.) 4: 79.
Type-species: Schizospilus divisus Seyrig. Orig. desig.

Townes (1971) stated that Enicospilus is probably the largest genus of Ichneumonidae and
estimated the number of species to be well over a thousand. Species occur throughout the world
but are most numerous in tropical regions.

Revision: Hooker, 1912. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 38: 52, 92, 135-158.




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Taxonomy: Stephens, 1845. Illus. Brit. Ent., v. 7, list of plates (follows p. 310). —Stephens,
1846. Illus. Brit. Ent., Sup., p. 3. — Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 78-79.

Enicospilus americanus (Christ)
N. S. w. to Minn., s. to Fla., s. Tex., and mid-coastal Calif.; Mexico, Costa
Rica, Guatemala, Brazil?, Argentina. Host: Actias luna (L.), Antheraea polyphevuis
(Cram.), Automeris io (F.), Callosamia promethea (Drury), Hyalophora cecropia (L.), H.
Columbia (Sm.), H. euryalus (Bdv.), Rothschildia Orizaba (West.), Samia cynthia
(Drury). Before World War II, the name macnirus (Linnaeus) was erroneously applied
to this species, usually in combination with the generic names Eremotylus or Ophion.

Ichneumon luteus americanus Christ, 1791. Naturgesch. Class. Nomencl. Ins., p. 358, pi.
37, fig. 5. ♀.

Ophion rugosus Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 138. Sex not
indicated.

Ophion cecropiae Scudder, 1963. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Proc. 9: 188-189. Nomen nudum.

Ophion cecropiae Sanborn, 1863. Sec. Mass. Bd. Agr., Ann. Rpt. 10: 169. Sex not indicated.

Ophion mexicanus Cresson, 1874 (1873). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 25: 374. ♀.

Eremotylus Druryi Kriechbaumer, 1901. Ztschr. System. Hym. Dipt. 1: 152. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 111 (syn.).

Biology: Riley, 1870. Amer. Ent. 2: 100-101. —Riley, 1872. Mo. State Ent., Ann. Rpt. 4:
107-108. -Smith, 1908. Jour. Econ. Ent. 1: 294-297.

Enicospilus appendiculatus (Felt)
N. J., N. C, S. C, Ala., Fla.; West Indies, Mexico, Brazil.
Ophion (Eniscopilus [.']) appendiculatus Felt, 1902. Psyche 9: 308. [female].

Enicospilus arcuatus (felt)
Mass. w. to 111., s. to Ga. and Miss.; Puerto Rico, Mexico, Argentina. Host:

Scoliopteryx libatrix (L.), Heterocampa guttivitta (Wlk.), Schizura concinna (J. E. S.).
Ophion (Eniscopilus [!]) arcuatum Felt, 1902. Psyche 9: 308. ♀. Preocc. by Brulle, 1846;
not renamed here because of uncertain synonymy.

Enicospilus bifoveolatus (Brulle)
Pa. Townes (1961) said "this is an uncommon species ... that occurs'mostly
in the southeastern United States." The name bifoveolatus was for years incorrectly
applied to Ophion nigrovarius Provancher.
Ophion bifoveolatus Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 138. [male].
Ophion stramineus Taschenberg, 1875. Ztschr. f. die Gesam. Naturw. [Halle] 46: 431. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 111.

Enicospilus cubensis (Norton)
Fla.; West Indies.

Ophion cubensis Norton, 1863. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 1: 358. ♀.

Enicospilus flavus (Fabricius)
Fla.; West Indies, Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Guyana, Colombia, Brazil,
Paraguay, Argentina.
Ichneumon flavus Fabricius, 1775. Systema Ent., p. 341. [female].
Ichneumon flavarius Thunberg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem. 8:

262; 9: 314. Unecessary n. name for I. flavus Fabricius.
Ophion concolor Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 56. [female].
Enicospilus guyanensis Cameron, 1911. Timehri (3) 1: 179. [female].

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1966. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: 178-179 (syn.).

Enicospilus glabratus (Say)
Md. s. to Fla., w. to s. Calif.; Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Jamaica,

Mexico, Costa Rica, Panama. Host: Diacrisia virginica (F.), Ecpantheria scribonia

(Stoll), Halisidota maculata (Harris), Hyphantria cunea (Drury), Isia Isabella (J. E. S.),

Dasychira basiflava (Pack.).
Ophion glabratus Harris, 1935. In Hitchcock, Rpt. Geol. Mineral. Bot. Zool. Mass., ed. 2, p.

585. Nomen nudum.
Ophion glabratus Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 239. Sex not indicated.
Ophion arctiae Riley, 1890. In Riley and Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 3: 155.

Nomen nudum.
Eremotylus arctiae Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 192. ♀ (♂ misdet.).
Allocamptus cubitalis Morley, 1912. Rev. Ichn. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 25. ♀. Preocc. by

Szepligeti, 1906.
Enicospilus excubitalis Walkley, 1958. In Krombein et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2,

Sup. 1, p. 62. N. name for A. cubitalis Morley.




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Taxonomy: Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 103 (syn.).

Enicospilus merdarius (Gravenhorst)
Que. w. to s.e. Alaska, s. to Fla., s. Tex., and s. Calif.; West Indies,
Mexico, Nicaragua; South America; Asia; Europe. Host: Alabama argillacea (Hbn.),
Ceramica picta (Harris), Leucania latiuscula H.-S., L. viidtUinea Wlk., Feltia
subterranea (F.), Peridroma saucia (Hbn.), Pseudaletia imipiuicta (Haw.), Scoliopteryx
libatrix (L.), Scotogramyna trifolii (Rott.), Spodoptera fnigiperda (J. E. S.), S.
oniithogalli (Gn.), Heterocampa guttivitta (Wlk.), Schizura concinna (J. E. S.), S.
unicornis (J. E. S.), Drepana bilineata (Pack.).

Ophion merdarius Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 698. ♂, ♀.

Ophion purgatus Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 239. ♂, ♀.

Ophion lateralis Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 141. [female].

Ophion flaviceps Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 142. [female].

Ophion volubilis Holmgren, 1869 (1868). Eug. Resa, pt. 2, sec. 1, p. 410. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1966. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 8: 181-182 (syn.).

Enicospilus texanus (Ashmead)
N. Y., s.w. Va., Ohio, Tex., s.e. Wash., n.e. Calif.

Thyreodon texanus Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 422. ♂.

Subfamily MESOCHORINAE

It is certain that most of the members of this subfamily are hyperparasitic, and I speculate
that those Mesochorinae which may eventually be proven not to be hyperparasitic will be shown
to be cleptoparasitic. Some species of Mesochorinae parasitize other Ichneumonidae, but a
greater number parasitize Braconidae. At least four Nearctic species of Mesochorus have been
reared from Tachinidae. The hosts of Mesochorinae are internal parasites of various insects,
most of the latter being phytophagous. Mesochorinae have been reared from parasites of
Lepidoptera, Symphyta, Coleoptera, Miridae, and, according to Dr. C. C. Loan (personal commu-
nication, 1975), even Psocoptera. Mesochorines insert the ovipositor into the secondary host and
in turn locate the early-instar larva or even the egg of a primary parasite and oviposit inside the
latter.

Dasch (1971) said that "considerable evidence seems to indicate that many species [of
Mesochorinae] are primary parasites of lepidopterous and coleopterous larvae," but this state-
ment appears to be inaccurate. For Mesochorinae to be primary parasites of these hosts, they
would have to spin their own cocoons or emerge from lepidopterous pupae. I do not know of any
case in which a mesochorine specimen is mounted with a lepidopterous pupa from which it
emerged or is otherwise known with certainty to have emerged from a lepidopterous pupa. In
substantiated cases of emergence from lepidopterous pupae, proof of primary parasitism could
be made only through dissection of the host remains, because mesochorines may be able to
parasitize primary parasites which oviposit into lepidopterous larvae and emerge from the
pupae (such as Anomaloninae [Dasch (1971) cited a pubHshed record of a Trichionotus sp. as a
host], Metopiinae Ichneumoninae, certain Campopleginae, or meteorideine Braconidae). In any
case, the majority of mesochorine specimens labeled as being reared from Coleoptera or
Lepidoptera have emerged from cocoons, and when these specimens are mounted together with
the cocoons from which they have emerged, the cocoons prove to be those of Braconidae or
other Ichneumonidae. The only possible exception that I am aware of is Plectochorus iivatensis
(Uchida), a Eurasian species which apparently spins a cocoon of its own and thus appears to be a
primary parasite of Grapholitha molesta (Bsk.) (cf. Haeussler, 1940). It is remotely possible that
some of the species of Mesochorinae which have been reared from cocoons of sawflies could be
primary parasites, but this could not be established without dissecting the contents of the
cocoons and determining that they do not include the larval remains of an additional ichneu-
monid or an ichneutine braconid.

Revision: Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 1-376 (Nearctic spp.). — Dasch, 1974. Amer.
Ent. Inst., Mem. 22: 1-509 (Neotropic spp.).

Biology: Haeussler, 1940. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 728: 24-25 (Plectochorus iwatensis
[Uchida]).

Genus CIDAPHUS Foerster

Cidaphus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 149.




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Type-species: Cidaphus thuringiacus Brauns. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from two
species included by Brauns, 1890. Perkins (1962) regarded the type-species as a
synonym of C. alarius (Gravenhorst).
Plesiophthainrus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 170. Preocc. by
Motschoulsky, 1858.

Type-species: Mesocbonis alarms Gravenhorst. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Brischke, 1871.
Mater Schulz, 1911. Zool. Ann. 4: 22. N. name for Plesiophtkahuus Foerster.
Tetragonalys Morley, 1913. Rev. Ichn. Brit. Mus., v. 2, p. 132.

Type-species: Tetragonalys barbarica Morley. Desig. by Morley, 1913.
Plesiophthalmidea Viereck, 1914. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 83: 119.

Type-species: Plesiophtlialvius paiiiscoides Ashmead. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Ophthalmochorus Roman, 1925 (1924). Arkiv for Zool. 17 A (4): 29. N. name for
Plesiophtliaimus Foerster.

This is a moderate sized genus of practically worldwide distribution.

Revision: Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 64 (20): 4-6.

Taxonomy: Perkins, 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 11: 414.

Cidaphus australis Cushman
Que., Ont., n. Minn., and B. C, s. to Va., Ala., Idaho, and Wash.
Cidaphus australis Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 64 (20): 6. ♀.
Cidaphus melleus Walley, 1935. Canad. Ent. 67: 112. ♂, ♀.

Cidaphus occidentalis Cushman
Newfoundland (Labrador and insular) w. to Alaska, s. to N. H., Ohio,
Colo., Ariz., and Wash.
Cidaphus occidentalis Cushman, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 64 (20): 5. ♀.

Cidaphus paniscoides (Ashmead)
Maine, Ont., and Mich., s. to n.w. S. C, w. Ky., and N. Mex. Ecology:
Can be presumed to have been reared from a parasite of Heterocampa manteo (Dbldy.).
PlesiophthaliHus paniscoides Ashmead, 1892. Ent. News 3: 107. ♂.

Cidaphus sinuosus Dasch
Ariz.; Mexico.

Cidaphus sinuosus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 13. ♂, ♀.

Genus ASTIPHROMMA Foerster

Astiphromma Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 170.

Type-species: Mesochonis scutellatus Gravenhorst. Desig. by Morley, 1913 from six
species included by Brischke, 1880.
Astiphrommus Thomson, 1886. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. (6) 5: 327. Emend.
Dolichochonis Strobl, 1904 (1903). Naturw. Ver. f. Steiermark, Mitt. 40: 108.

Type-species: Dolichochonis longiceps Strobl. Monotypic.
Mesochorella Szepligeti, 1911. hi Wytsman, Gen. Ins., fasc. 114, p. 48.

Type-species: Mesochonis nigriceps Brischke. Monotypic.
Pseudoacoenitus Kiss, 1924. Siebenbuerg. Ver. Naturw., Verb. u. Mitt. 72-74: 96.

Type-species: Pseudoacoenitus transsylvanicus Kiss. Monotypic.
Demophorellus Hedwig, 1955. Bombus 1: 379.

Type-species: Demophorellus mimulus Hedwig. Monotypic.

This is a moderately large Holarctic genus.

Revision: Nakanishi, 1969. Sieboldia 4: 50-74 (Japanese spp., except those without smooth
scutellum).

Astiphromma alsium Dasch
Alta., interior Alaska, n. B. C, w. Wash.

Astiphromma alsium Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 35. ♂, ♀.

Astiphromma aquilonare Dasch
Northern Que. and N. W. T., s. to s. Que., Alta., and B. C. Ecology: Can be
presumed to have been reared from parasites of Pikonema alaskeusis (Roh.) and P.
diynmockii (Cr.).
Astiphromma aquilonare Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 44. ♂, ♀.

Astiphromma calvum Dasch
Ariz.

Astiphromma calvum Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 43. ♂, ♀.




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Astiphromma cordatum Dasch
Northern Mich., Alta.

Astiphronnna cordatum Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 24. ♀.

Astiphromma coronale Dasch
N. Y., Pa., Md., Ont., Ohio, Mich.

Astiphromma coronale Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 30. ♂, ♀.

Astiphromma euryops Dasch
Ohio, w. N. C, e. Tenn.

Astiphrovima euryops Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 32. ♂, ♀.

Astiphromma eximium Dasch
Pa., Mich., n. B. C.

Astiphromma eximium Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 25. ♀.

Astiphromma exitiale Dasch
Newfoundland (insular), n. Que., w. N. W. T., and interior Alaska, s. to Md., w.
N. C, Colo., and Idaho.
Astiphromma exitiale Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 33. ♂, ♀.

Astiphromma gilvicrus Dasch
N. Y., Mich., s.e. Minn.

Astiphromma gilvicrus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 21. ♂, ♀.

Astiphromma leucogrammum (Holmgren)
Northern Que. w. to n. Alaska, s. to s. Que., Man., Colo., and w.
Wash.; n. Eurasia. Ecology: Reared or presumed to have been reared from parasites of
the following Tenthredinidae-- Hem im ich roa crocea (Geoff.)., Pikonema alaskensis
(Roh.), and Nematus sp. Host: Lamachus angularius (Davis).
Mesochonis leucogrammus Holmgren, 1860 (1858). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 2
(8): 121. ♀.

Astiphromma luculentum Dasch
Colo., B. C, e. Wash. Ecology: One paratype can be presumed to have been
reared from a parasite of a tenthredinid, and two others were collected at elevations of
9800 ft. and 10300 ft. on Mt. Evans in Colo.
Astiphromma luculentum Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 40. ♂, ♀.

Astiphromma nitidum Dasch
Western Alta. Ecology: The unique holotype can be presumed to have been
reared from a parasite of the geometrid, Lycia ursaria Wlk.
Astiphronnna nitidum Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 39. ♂.

Astiphromma pectorale Ashmead
Que. s. to Tenn., w. to Wis., e. Kans., and Tex. Ecology: Can be presumed
to have been reared from parasites of the geometrids, Alsophila pometaria (Harris) and
Erannis tiliaria (Harris).
Astiphromma pectoralis Ashmead, 1892. Ent. News 3: 107. ♂.

Astiphromma perditum Dasch
Que. w. to s. Man., s. to n.w. S. C. and s. 111.

Astiphromma perditum Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 41. ♂, ♀.

Astiphromma psychron Dasch
Northern Que.

Astiphromma psychron Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 46. ♀.

Astiphromma rutilum Dasch
N. Y., w. N. C, n.w. S. C, Ohio, s.e. Mich., e. Kans., Tex.

Astiphromma rutilum Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 22. ♂, ♀.

Astiphromma simile Dasch
Conn., N. J., n.w. S. C, Ohio, Mich., Ky.

Astiphromma simile Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 37. ♂, ♀.

Astiphromma splenium (Curtis)
Que. w. to Alaska, s. to Md., w. N. C, Colo., and n. Calif.; Eurasia. Ecology:
Reared or presumed to have been reared from parasites of the following- Caripeta
divisata Wlk., Cladara limitaria (Wlk.), C. nigroangulata (Stkr.), Dysstroma citrata
(L.), Eupithecia placidata Taylor, E. unicolor Hulst, Lambdina fiscellaria fiscellaria
(Gn.), L.f. lugubrosa (Hulst), Melanolophia imitata (Wlk.), Nepytia canosaria (Wlk.),
Dasychira grisefacta (Dyar)?, Leucoma salicis (L.), Malacosoma disstria (Hbn.),
Enargia decolor (Wlk.), and a tenthredinid. Host: Meteonis hyphantriae Riley?,
Zemiotes reticulatus (Mues.), Phobocampe geometrae (Ash.).
Mesochonis sericans Curtis, 1833. Brit. Ent., v. 10, pi. 424. "♂"=♀.Described from
Ireland (presumably Belfast). Examination of material which the U. S. Natl. Museum
aquired from A. W. Stelfox leads me to believe that sericans, as illustrated by Curtis, is
quite probably an abnormally melanic specimen of splenium. N. syn. (uncertain).
Mesochonis Splenium Curtis, 1833. Brit. Ent., v. 10, pi. 424. 6. Dr. H. K. Townes informed
me (personal commun., 1977) that he saw notes which Dr. J. F. Perkins made in
studying what is now the lectotype (see Fitton, 1976) which indicated that M. strenuus
Holmgren is a synonym of splenium, and Dr. Townes suggested that I consult the
original description of splenium to see if it agreed with what Dr. Perkins had concluded.
Having done so, I see no reason to doubt that Dr. Perkins was correct.




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Mesochorus strenuus Holmgren, 1860 (1858). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.). 2 (8):

119. cJ, 9.N. syn.
Plectiscus pleuralis Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 330. "9" = Plectiscus provancheri Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 24. Unnecessary n. name for

P. pleuralis Provancher; preocc. secondarily only by virtue of a bibliographic error

which led Dalla Torre to erroneously place Tryplion pleuralis Cresson, 1864, in

Plectiscus. N. syn.
Mesochorus orcae Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 239. ♂. N. syn.
Astiphromma kiotense Uchida, 1933. Insecta Matsumurana 8: 57. ♂, ♀. N. syn.
Astiphromma sachalinense Uchida, 1933. Insecta Matsumurana 8: 57. ♀. N. syn.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1939. Canad. Ent. 71: 96. — Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965. Amer.
Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 341 (syn.). -Fitton, 1976. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32: 323
(lectotypes selected for Curtis names).

Genus MESOCHORUS Gravenhorst

Mesochorus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 960.

Type-species: Mesochorus spleudiduius Gravenhorst. Desig. by Curtis, 1833.
Edrisa Cameron, 1907. Tijdschr. v. Ent. 50: 111.

Type-species: Edrisa piliconiis Cameron. Monotypic.
Zamesochorus Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 152.

Type-species: Zamesochorus orientalis Viereck. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Cryptochorus Aubert, 1965. Soc. Ent. de Mulhouse, Bui. 21: 22.

Type-species: Cryptochorus obliterator Aubert. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This very large genus is worldwide in distribution.

Mesochorus acuminatus Thomson
N. B. w. to w. Ont., s. to Md. and 111. Ecology: Reared or presumed to
have been reared from parasites of the following- Sphingidae (Cressonia juglandis
[Smith], Darapsa versicolor [Harris], Manduca sp., Sphiyix kalmiae [J. E. S.]) and
Notodontidae (Heterocampa guttivitta [Wlk.], Pheosia rimosa Pack.). Host: Apanteles
sp., Microplitis sp.

Mesochorus acuiniiiatus Thomson, 1885. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. (6) 5: 343. ♂.

Mesochorus agilis Cresson
Newfoundland (Labrador) w. to Alaska, s. to N. Y., Mich., N. Mex., Ariz., and
n.e. Calif.; Greenland; Europe; n. Mexico. Ecology: Reared from larval parasites of
Coleoptera (Curculionidae)and presumed to have been reared from a parasite of
Crambidia casta (Pack.) (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae). Host: Bathyplectes curculionis
(Thom.), Dimophora sp.

Mesochorus agilis Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 266. ♀.

Mesochorus nigriceps Thomson, 1885 Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. (6) 5: 334. ♂, ♀. Preocc. by
Brischke, 1880.

Mesochorus punctipleuris Thomson, 1885. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. (6) 5: 334. ♂, ♀.

Mesochorus Thomsonii Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 59. N. name for nigriceps
Thomson.
aiaskensis Dasch. Southwestern Alaska.

Mesochorus alaske7isis Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 16: 109. ♀.

Mesochorus americanus Cresson
Newfoundland (insular) and n. Que. w. to s.w. Alaska, s. to Fla., s. Tex.,
Ariz., and Oreg.; n.e. Asia, Europe. Ecology: Reared or presumed to have been reared
from parasites of the following Lepidoptera- Thecla sp., Colias philodice Godt.,
Acronicta oblinita (J. E. S.)?, Amathes c-nignim (L.), Aidograpka califomica (Spey.),
Eurois sp., Peridroma saucia (Hbn.), Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haw.), Spodoptera
omithogalli (Gn.), Hemaris sp., Manduca sp., M. quinquemaculata (Haw.), M. sexta
(Joh.), Ctenucha virginica (Charp.), Euchaetias egle (Drury), Caripeta divisata Wlk.,
Semiothisa "granitata" auct., S. sexmaculata (Pack.), Bucculatrix canadensisella Cham.
Host: Apanteles sp., A. congregatus (Say), A. glomeratus (L.), A. laeviceps Ash., A.
rufocoxalis Riley, A. scitulus Riley, A. xylinus (Say), Meteorus sp.

Mesochorus americaiius Cresson, 1872. Canad. Ent. 4: 23. ♀.

Mesochorus scituhis Cresson, 1872. Canad. Ent. 4: 24. ♂, ♀.




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Mesochonis aprilinus Riley, 1890. In Riley and Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 3:

156. Nomen nudum.
Mesochonis aprilinus Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 195. 9. The syntype

referred to as the "type" by Dasch (1971) is apparently from D. C, not from "Lafayette,

Indiana" as Dasch stated.
Mesochonis frontalis Ashmead, 1899 (1898). hi Jordan, Fur Seals and Fur-Seal Isls. N.

Pacific, V. 4, p. 336. S. The type locality is Ostrov Bering (i.e. Bering Isl.), U. S. S. R.

Taxonomy: Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 258-262.

Mesochorus apantelis Dasch
Que. s. to Fla., w. to Mich., Mo., and Tex. Ecology: Reared or presumed to
have been reared from parasites of the following- "Vanessa" sp., Hymenia recurvalis
(F.), Cosviopteryx sp. on morning glory, Bedellia minor Bsk., and a leaf miner on Vitus.
Host: Apanteles sp. ex "Vanessa" sp.
Mesochonis apantelis Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 16: 266. ♂, ♀.

Mesochorus applanatus Dasch
Northern Que. w. to w. N. W. T., s. to Md., n. Ga., Colo., and Oreg. Ecology:
Presumed to have been reared from parasites of the following Lepidoptera and
Symphyta— Semiothisa sexmaculata (Pack.), Empria multicolor (Nort.), Macremphytus
testaceus (Nort.), and Monophadnoides geniculatus (Htg.).
Mesochorus applanatus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 154. ♂, ♀.

Mesochorus arcticus Dasch
Subarctic Alaska.

Mesochonis arcticus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 175. ♀.

Mesochorus areolatus
***authority mismatch
Provancher. N. S., Que., N. Y., w. N. C, n. Ga., Ont., Mich., Sask., Alta., Alaska, B. C,
Wash. Ecology: Presumed to have been reared from a parasite o{ Semiothisa
"granitata" auct.
Mesochorus areolatus Provancher, 1883. Nat. Canad. 14: 5. ♀.

Mesochorus asperifrons Dasch
Western N. C, n.w. S. C, Ohio, s. Mich., Ky., s. Ala., 111., e. Kans., Ariz.

Mesochonis asperifrons Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 268. ♂, ♀.

Mesochorus balteatus Dasch
Que., N. H., N. Y., N. J., Md., w. N. C, Ont., Ohio, Ala.

Mesochorus balteatus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 162. ♂, ♀.

Mesochorus bellus Dasch
Minn., s. Man.

Mesochonis bellus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 208. ♀.

Mesochorus bucculentus Dasch
Northern Mich., B. C, Wash., n.e. Calif.

Mesochorus bucculentus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 223. ♂, ♀.
Calais Viereck. N. H., Ont., Sask., and Alta., s. to Va., Ohio, and Mich.

Mesochorus Calais Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey Bui. 22:
280. ♀.

Mesochorus carolinensis Dasch
Western N. C, n.w. S. C, n. Fla., s. Ont., s. Mich., e. Tenn.

Mesochonis carolinensis Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 133. ♀.

Mesochorus coronatus Dasch
Que. w. to n. Yukon and Alaska, s. to N. J., s.e. Iowa, S. Dak., Colo., and n.e.
Calif.
Mesochonis coronatus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 230. ♂, ♀.

Mesochorus cupreatus Dasch
P. E. I. s. to w. N. C, w. to n. Alta. and Wash. Host: Dimophora sp.

Mesochonis cupreatus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 106. ♀.

Mesochorus curvulus Thomson
Northern Que., N. W. T., and Alaska, s. to n.w. S. C, e. Kans., Ariz., and n.e.
Calif.; Europe. Ecology: Reared from parasites of Miridae (Dicyphus sp., Halticus
intennedius Uhler, Lopidea viarginalis Reut., Lygus lineolaris [Beauv.], Phytocoris sp.,
Plagiognathus conicola Knight, P. poUtus Uhler, Slaterocoris stygicus [Say]) and adult
Chrysomelidae (Phyllotreta striolata [F.]); apparently also reared from parasites of
Lepidoptera (Melanolophia imitata [Wlk.] and Autographa sp.). Host: Leiophron spp., L.
sp. near niaculipennis (Ash.), Peristenus sp. near pallipes (Curt.), P. plagiognathi
(Loan), Microctonus vittatae Mues.
Mesochonis curvulus Thomson, 1885. Soc. Ent de France, Ann. (6) 5: 343. ♂, ♀.
Mesochonis kincaidi Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 238. ♀.
Mesochonis phyllotretae Jourdheuil, 1957. Soc. Ent. de France, Bui. 62: 42. ♂, ♀.

Mesochorus deletus Dasch
Alta., interior Alaska, n. B. C, Wash.

Mesochorus deletus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 16: 170. ♂, ♀.




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Mesochorus dentatus Dasch
N. Y., Ky., Minn., Colo., Alta., s.e. B. C, n. Idaho. Ecology: Presumed to have .
been reared from a parasite of Arge pectoralis (Leach).

Mesochorus dentatus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 125. ♂, ♀.

Mesochorus discitergus (Say)
Newfoundland (insular) w. to interior Alaska, s. to Fla., Tex., Ariz., and

Wash.; West Indies and Mexico s. to Brazil and Peru; Eurasia; South Africa? Ecology:
Reared or presUined to have been reared from parasites of the following- Papilionidae
(Papilio polyxenes asterius StolL), Pieridae {Colias eurytheme Bdv.), Geometridae
{Anthelia hyperboria Hulst, Biston betularia cognataria [Gn.], Caripeta sp., C.
angustiorata Wlk.?, C. divisata Wlk., Ectropis sp., Enypia packardata Tay., Epirrita
autumnata henshawi [Swett], Eupithecia sp., Lambdina fiscellaria fiscellaria [Gn.], L.f.
lugubrosa [Hulst], Lo6op/iora nivigerata Wlk., Melanolophia imitata [Wlk.], Nepytia
canosaria [Wlk.], N. phantasmaria [Stkr.], Pleuroprucha insularia [Gn.], Seviiotkisa
"grmiitata" and., S. oweni [Swett]), Limacodidae {Prolimacodes badia [Hbn.], Noctuidae
(Caemirgina erechtea [Cramer], Celama triquetrana [Fitch], Ceramica picta [Harris],
Feralia jocosa [Gn.], Heliothis zea [Bod.], Panthea portlandia Grt., Peridroma saucia
[Hbn.], Pseudaletia unipuncta [Haw.], Spodoptera frugiperda [J. E. S.]), Sphingidae
{Manduca sexta [Joh.]), Arctiidae (Euchaetias egle [Drury], Halisidota s. H. caryae
[Harris], H. maculata [Harris], H. tessellaris [J. E. S.], Tyria jacobaea [L.] Lymantriidae
(Dasychira plagiata [Wlk.], D. vagana [B. and McD.]), Notodontidae (Notodonta sp.),
Zygaenidae (Harrisina americana [Gn.]), Lyonetiidae (Bedellia minor Bsk.), sp. of
Pterophoridae, and Tenthredinidae {Anoplonyx sp.). Host: Apanteles sp., A. glomeratus
(L.), A. lunatus (Pack), A. militaris (Walsh), A. paleacritae Riley, Meteorus communis
(Cr.), Microplitis melianae Vier.?

Cryptus discitergus Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 231. ♀.

Mesochorus vitreus Walsh, 1861. 111. State Agr. Soc, Trans. 4: fig. 4; p. 364, p. 368. ♂, ♀.
Synonymy uncertain because in revising the concept of discitergus Dasch (1971)
erroneously selected as "lectotypes" of vitreus two female specimens which are not
Walsh type material and bear no label in the handwriting of Walsh. The alternate
spelling "vitrens" appeared in the legend for Walsh's figure 4.

Mesochorus obliquus Cresson, 1872. Canad. Ent. 4: 24. ♀.

Mesochorus facialis Bridgman, 1884. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 32: 431. ♂, ♀.

Mesochorus pulchellus Cook and Davis, 1891. Mich. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bui. 73: 10. ♀.

Mesochorus infemalis Viereck, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 40: 192. ♂, ♀.

Mesochorus nigrisignus Viereck, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 40: 192. ♀.

Mesochorus concinnatus Wilkinson, 1929. Bui. Ent. Res. 20: 105. 6, 9. Uncertain syn.;
placed as a synonym of discitergus by Dasch (1971); placed instead as a synonym of M.
omatus Wilkinson (an Ethiopian species) by Townes and Townes (1973) who
erroneously stated that "omatus is listed erroneously [by Dasch] as a synonym [of
discitergus] and the record from South Africa is based on a misdetermined specimen of
omatus."

Mesochorus narangae Uchida, 1930. Insecta Matsumurana 4: 129. ♂, ♀.

Mesochorus facialis var. nigristemmaticus Uchida, 1931. Insecta Matsumurana 5: 158. ♀.

Mesochorus havrolenkoi Blanchard, 1949. In Havrolenko and Winterhalter, Insectos del
Parque Nac. Nuhuel Huapi, Buenos Aires, p. 48. Nomen nudum (figure only).

Taxonomy: Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 252-257. —Townes and Townes, 1973.
Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 19: 186. —Dasch, 1974. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 22: 250-254.

Mesochorus distentus
***authority mismatch
Dasch. Eastern Wash.

Mesochorus distentus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 236. ♂.

Mesochorus divaricatus Dasch
Colo.

Mesochorus divaricatus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 225. cJ, 9.

Mesochorus dreisbachi Dasch
Que. w. to Alaska, s. to Ky., e. Kans., Utah, and n. Calif.

Mesochorus dreisbachi Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 99. ♂, ♀.

Mesochorus ejuncidus Dasch
Western N. C, Colo., Ariz., B. C, Wash., Oreg.

Mesochorus ejuncidus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 182. ♂, ♀.

Mesochorus elongatus Dasch
Central and s.e. Ariz.

Mesochorus elongattis Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 83. ♂, ♀.




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Mesochorus erythraeus Dasch
Alta., s.e. B. C. Ecology: Reared or presumed to have been reared from
parasites of the following-- Eupithecia placidata Tay., Neoalcis califoniiaria f.
latifaciaria (Pack.), Semiothisa "granitata" auct., and Anomogyna sp. Host: Hyposoter
sp.
Mesochorus erythraeus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 191. ♂, ♀.

Mesochorus exsertus Dasch
N. S. w. to Yukon and Alaska, s. to Md., n.w. S. C, e. S. Dak., Colo., Ariz., and
Oreg. Ecology: Reared or presumed to have been reared from parasites of the
following- Seniiotliisa "granitata" auct., Neodiprion sp., Cimbex americajia Leach, and
Trichiosoma triangulin)i Kby. Host: Enicospilus merdarius (Gravenhorst).
Mesochorus exsertus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 16: 156. ♂, ♀.

Mesochorus flavidus Dasch
Pa., w. N. C, Ohio, Tenn., e. Kans.

Mesochorus flavidus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 123. ♂, ♀.

Mesochorus foersteri Dasch
N. S., n. Man. and s.w. Yukon, s. to Pa., Mich., Colo., w. Mont., and s. B. C.

Mesochorus foersteri Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 107. ♀.

Mesochorus fuliginatus Dasch
Newfoundland (Labrador) w. to n. B. C, s. to Maine, Mich., N. Mex., Utah,
and n.e. Cahf. Ecology: One specimen can be presumed to have been reared from a
parasite of the chrysomelid, Pyrrhalta decora carbo (LeC).
Mesochorus fuliginatus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 90. ♂, ♀.

Mesochorus gelidus
***authority mismatch
coriaceus Dasch. Northern Que., n.e. N. W. T., n. Yukon.

Mesochorus gelidus coriaceus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 204. ♂, ♀.

Mesochorus gelidus
***authority mismatch
gelidus Dasch. Colo. Ecology: The four type specimens were collected on Mt. Evans,
Colo, at elavations between 9800 ft. and 13200 ft.
Mesochorus gelidus gelidus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 204. ♂, ♀.

Mesochorus gemmatus Dasch
Que., N. Y., Pa., Md., Ohio, s. Mich.

Mesochorus gemmatus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 16: 111. ♂, ♀.

Mesochorus globulator (Thunberg)
Southern Man., w. N. W. T., Alta.; Europe. Host: Mesoleius
tenthredinis Mori., Olesicampe benefactor Hinz.
Ichneumon globulator Thunberg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersbug, Mem. 8:

266; 9: 322. [female].
Mesochorus dimidiatus Holmgren, 1860 (1858). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 2 (8):

118. ♂.
Mesochorus crassiynanus Holmgren, 1860 (1858). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 2
(8): 125. ♀.

Taxonomy: Roman, 1912. Ent Tidskr. 33: 67 (syn.). —Roman, 1912. Zool. Bidr. Uppsala 1:
258 (syn.).

Mesochorus grandisops Dasch
Southern B. C, Wash., Calif.; n. Mexico. Ecology: Reared or presumed to
have been reared from parasites of the following- Lambdina fiscellaria lugubrosa
(Hulst), Melanolophia imitata (Wlk.), Nepytia canosaria (Wlk.), and Semiothisa
"grayiitata" Host: Meteorus hyphantriae Riley.
Mesochorus grandisops Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent Inst., Mem. 16: 189. ♂, ♀.

Mesochorus hamatus Townes
Que. s. to Md., w. to n.w. Mich, and e. Kans.

Mesochorus basalis Cresson, 1872. Canad. Ent. 4: 22. ♀. Preocc. by Curtis, 1833.
Mesochorus hamatus Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent Soc, Mem. 11: 753. N. name for basalis
Cresson.
Hesperus Dasch. Southern Alta., s.w. Yukon.

Mesochorus hesperus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 211. ♂.

Mesochorus hirticoleus Dasch
Northwestern S. C, n. Fla., Iowa, s. La.

Mesochorus hirticoleus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent Inst, Mem. 16: 137. ♂, ♀.

Mesochorus holmgreni Dasch
Maine, R. I., w. Va., n. Fla., Ohio, n. Wis. Ecology: One of the paratypes can
be presumed to have been reared from a parasite of Heterarthrus nemoratus (Fall), but
the holotype was collected at light in northern Fla.
Mesochorus holmgreni Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 84. ♂, ♀.

Mesochorus imitatus Dasch
R. I., N. Y., Pa., W. Va., n.w. S. C, Ohio, Mich.

Mesochorus imitatus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 152. ♂, ♀.



I




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Mesochorus inaequidens Dasch
N. S., Que., Mass., Ont., w. Wyo., Colo., Alta., w. Nev., s. B. C, Wasli., and
n. Calif.
Mesochonis inaequidens Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 116. ♂, ♀.

Mesochorus incultus Dasch
N. B. w. to B. C, s. to n.w. S. C, s. Ariz., and n. Calif. Ecology: Paratypes

should be presumed to have been reared from parasites of the following- Geometridae
(Caripeta sp. C. divisata Wlk., Eraimis tiliaria [Harris], Lambdina fiscellaria
lugubrosa [Hulst], Melanolophia imitata [Wlk.], Nepytia canosaria [Wlk.], Pew
behrensarius [Pack.]?, Semiothisa sp.,S. sexmaculata [Pack.], Synaxis pa//M/a Arctiidae {Halisidota sp.), Noctuidae (Feralia coinstocki [Grt.], F.jocosa [Gn.],
Liihophane petulca Grt., Zale sp., Z. duplicata [Beth.], Z. minerea norda [Smith]),
Gracilariidae (Marmara arbidiella Bsk.), and Tenthredinoidea ("green bracken sawfly").
Host: Microplitus sp. ex Melanolophia iniitata (Wlk.).
Mesochonis incultus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 101. ♂, ♀.

Mesochorus inflatus Dasch
Ohio. Known only from the holotype.

Mesochonis inflatus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 161. ♀.

Mesochorus infuscatus Dasch
N. S., Que., Md., Ohio.

Mesochonis infuscatus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 16: 159. ♂, ♀.

Mesochorus inobseptus Dasch
Northern Alaska. Host: Tachinid ex larva of Chrysolina subsulcata (Mann.).

Mesochonis inobseptus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 128. 6,9. J

Mesochorus intonsus Dasch
N. S. s. to e. N. C. and n.w. S. C, w. to Wis. and e. Kans. Ecology: One of the "

paratypes can be presumed to have been reared from a parasite of Macremphytus

tarsatus (Say).

Mesochonis intonsus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 114. ♂, ♀.

Mesochorus iridescens Cresson
Northern Calif.

Mesochonis iridescens Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 369. ♀.

Mesochorus jucundus Provancher
Que. w. to Wash., s. to n. Fla., s.e. Tex., Utah, and Oreg.

Mesochonis jucundus Provancher, 1883. Nat. Canad. 14: 5. ♀.

Mesochorus kamouraskae Dasch
Northern Que. w. to n.w. Alta., s. to Pa., Ont., Mich., and s.w. Alta.

Ecology: One of the paratypes should be presumed to have been reared from a parasite
of Caripeta angustiorata Wlk.
Mesochonis kamouraskae Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 168. ♂, ♀.

Mesochorus kansensis Dasch
Southern Kans. Known only from the holotype.

Mesochonis kansensis Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 132. ♀.

Mesochorus kentuckiensis Dasch
Ont., w. Ky.

Mesochonis kentuckiensis Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 127. ♂, ♀.

Mesochorus longiscutatus Dasch
Que. w. to n. Yukon and Alaska, s. to w. N. C, n. Mich., Colo., and s. B.
C. Ecology: Two paratypes can be presumed to have been reared from parasites of the
following microlepidoptera- Cerostoma dorsimaculella Kft. (Yponomeutidae) and a
gelechiid.
Mesochonis longiscutatus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 173. ♂, ♀.

Mesochorus luteipes Cresson
R. I., N. J., Pa., n. Ga., n. Fla., Tex.; w. Mexico.

Mesochorus luteipes Cresson, 1872. Canad. Ent. 4: 22. ♀.

Mesochorus maleficus Dasch
N. Y., Ont., n. Mich., Colo., Alta. Ecology: One of the paratypes can be
presumed to have been reared form a parasite of a tenthredinid.
Mesochonis maleficus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 149. ♀.

Mesochorus marylandicus Dasch
Md., n. Va., n. Ala.

Mesochorus marylandicus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 16: 89. ♂, ♀.

Mesochorus masoni Dasch
Newfoundland (insular), w. to s. coastal Alaska, s. to Maine, Ont., n. Minn.,
Colo., and Oreg. Ecology: Reared or presumed to have been reared from parasites of
the following-- Pikonema alaskensis (Roh.), P. divimockii (Cr.), Neodiprion sp., N.
abietis (Harris), N. pratti banksianae Roh., A'^. pratti pratti (Dyar), N. tsugae Midd., N.
virginiana Roh. Host: Lamachus angularius (Davis).
Mesochonis 7naso7ii Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent Inst, Mem. 16: 120. ♂, ♀.

Mesochorus melleus Cresson
R. I., N. Y., Pa., n.w. S. C, Ohio.

Mesochorus melleus Cresson, 1872. Canad. Ent. 4: 24. ♂.




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Mesochorus moabae Dasch
Southeastern Utah. Ecology: The only two specimens known were collected at

an elevation of 9200 ft.
Mesochoms moabae Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 147. ♀.

Mesochorus naknekensis Dasch
Northern Que. w. to w. N. W. T. and Alaska, s. to N. H., Colo., and n.e.

Calif. Ecology: One of the paratypes should be presumed to have been reared from a

parasite of Spargania magnoliata Gn. (Geometridae).
Mesochoms yiaknekensis Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 16: 63, 177. (J, 9. The

misspelling "naknakensis" appeared on p. 63.

Mesochorus nigripes Ratzeburg
Western Colo. The overwhelming evidence is that this species was

unintentionally introduced along with Bathyplectes stenostigma (Thomson) in 1969.

Host: Bathyplectes curculionis (Thom.), B. stenostigma (Thom.). The fact that only

females of M. nigripes are known from Colo, suggest the possibility that two

morphologically similar species may be confused under the name nigripes in Europe.
Mesochoms nigripes Ratzeburg, 1852. Ichn. d. Forstins., v. 3, p. 119. ♂.
Mesochoms gibbulus Holmgren, 1856 (1854). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Hand. 75: 60. ♀.

Mesochorus noctivagus Viereck
Northwestern S. C, e. Kans.

Mesochoms noctivagus Viereck, 1905. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 19: 303. ♀.

Mesochorus obliteratus Dasch
Pa., Mich., n. Man., e. Wash. Host: Grisdalemyia sp. ex Chrysomela sp.

Mesochrus obliteratus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 206. cJ, 9.

Mesochorus obsoletus Dasch
Western B. C.

Mesochoms obsoletus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 241. ♂.

Mesochorus ontariensis Dasch
Md., Ont., Mich.

Mesochoms ontariensis Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 80. ♂, ♀.

Mesochorus ottawaensis (Harrington)
N. S. w. to n. Alta. and Oreg., s. to N. H., n. Mich., e. N. Dak., Colo.,
and n. Utah.

Ischyrocnemis ottawaensis Harrington, 1892. Canad. Ent. 24: 98. ♀.

Mesochorus parallelus Dasch
Western Va.

Mesochoms parallelus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 82. ♀.

Mesochorus parvus Dasch
Maine, N. H., Mass., N. Y., s.e. Fla., Ont., n. Mich. Ecology: Two of the
paratypes can be presumed to have been reared from parasites of Bucculatrix
canadensisella Chamb. and Heterarthrus nemoratus (Fall.).
Mesochoms parvus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 248. ♂, ♀.

Mesochorus paulus Dasch
N. Y. Known only from the holotype.

Mesochoms paulus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 250. ♂.

Mesochorus peltatus Dasch
Western Mich., Alta., interior Alaska, s.w. B. C, Wash.

Mesochoms peltatus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 104. cJ, 9.

Mesochorus perniciosus Viereck
Southwestern Ont. s. to Iowa and Kans., w. to Alta., w. Mont., e. Idaho,
n.e. Utah, and N. Mex. Ecology: Reared from parasites of Loxostege sticticalis (L.) and
Cyclophora sermlata (Pack.). Host: Apanteles laeviceps Ash., Creynnops vulgaris (Cr.).
Mesochoms perniciosus Viereck, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 39: 407. ♀.

Mesochorus personatus Dasch
Que., n. Ont., Alta., and s. B. C, s. to Maine, Mich., and Oreg. Ecology: One
of the paratypes can be presumed to have been reared from a parasite of Eupithecia
luteata Pack.
Mesochoms personatus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 166. ♂, ♀.

Mesochorus pictilis Holmgren
N. S. w. to s. B. C, s. to n.w. S. C, e. Ill, Idaho, and s.w. Oreg. Ecology: Can
be presumed to have been reared from parasites of the following- Geometridae
{Aethalura anticaria [Wlk.], Biston betularia cognataria [Gn.], Campaea perlata [Gn.],
Deilinea sp., Ectropis crepuscularia [D. and S.], Iridopsis emasculata [Dyar],
Semiothisa "grayiitata" auct.), Noctuidae (Bomolocha albalienalis [Wlk.], Lithophane
sp.) and Pyralidae (Promylea lunigerella Rag.).
Mesochoms pictilis Holmgren, 1860 (1858). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 2 (8):
131. ♂, ♀.

Mesochorus platygorytos Dasch
Que. Ecology: The unique holotype should be presumed to have been
reared from a parasite of Psilocorsis sp.
Mesochoms platygorytos Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 86. 9-




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Mesochorus plumosus Dasch
N. Y., Ont., Ohio, Mich., Colo., Idaho, e. Wash. Ecology: Oviposits into adult
Chrysomelidae (Phyllotreta armoraciae [Koch], P. striolata [F.]) which have been
parasitized by euphorine Braconidae. Host: Microctonus vittatae Mues. The paratype of
Mesochorus plumosus from D. C. was reared together with seven paratypes of
Microctonus vittatae Mues.
Mesochorus phimosus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 246. cJ, 9.

Mesochorus prolatus Dasch
Que., w. N. W. T., Alta., interior Alaska, w. B. C.

Mesochorus prolatus Dasch, 1971. Amer. ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 180. ♂, ♀.

Mesochorus punctifrons Dasch
Western N. C, Ohio, s. 111., s. B. C. Ecology: The holotype was collected at
an elevation between 4800 ft. and 5300ft. on Mt. Pisgah, N. C. Host: Leiophron sp. ex
Plagiognathus sp. on Solidago.
Mesochorus punctifrons Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 212. cJ, 9.

Mesochorus recurvatus Dasch
Southwestern B. C. Known only from the holotype.

Mesochorus recurvatus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 172. ♀.

Mesochorus restrictus Dasch
Que., s.e. Ont., n.e. Alta., s.e. Utah, s. B. C, n. Calif.

Mesochorus restrictus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 113. ♂, ♀.

Mesochorus sabulosus Dasch
Southern Colo., Utah. Ecology: The holotype was collected at Great Sand
Dunes, Alamosa Co., Colo.
Mesochorus sabulosus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 129. ♂, ♀.

Mesochorus scabrosus Dasch
Northeastern Pa. Known only from the holotype.

Mesochorus scabrosus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 209. ♀.

Mesochorus solidus Dasch
R. I., s.w. Mich., Colo., s. B. C.

Mesochorus solidus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 220. ♂, ♀.

Mesochorus spinosus Dasch
Ariz.

Mesochorus spinosus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 75. ♂.

Mesochorus sulcatus
***authority mismatch
Dasch. Western Va. Ecology: The only three specimens known were collected at
Mountain Lake, Va.
Mesochorus S2ilcatus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 74. ♀.

Mesochorus sylvarum Curtis
Newfoundland (n. Labrador) w. to n. Yukon and Alaska, s. to n.w. S. C, Mo.,
Colo., and n. Calif.; n. Eurasia; n. Mexico. Ecology: Reared or presumed to have been
reared from parasites of the following- Tortricidae (Acleris chalybeana [Fern.], A.
variana [Fern.], Archips sp., Choristoneura conflictana [Wlk.], C.fumiferana [Clem.], C.
rosaceana [Harris], Sparganothis pettitana [Rob.]), Olethreutidae (Epinotia sp., E.
solandriana [L.], Grapholitha molesta [Bsk.], Pseudexentera sp., Zeiraphera sp., Z.
canadensis M. and F.), Gelechiidae (Anacampsis inocuella [ZelL], A. niveopulvella
[Chamb.]), Noctuidae (Feralia sp.), and Notodontidae {Centra borealis [Bdv.]). Host:
Meteorus sp.?, Microgaster peroneae Wly., Enytus eureka Ash., Glypta fumiferanae
(Vier.), G. inversa Cr., Actia diffidens Curran.
Mesochorus sylvarum Curtis, 1833. Brit. Ent., v. 10, pi. 464. ♀.
Mesochorus atriventris Cresson, 1872. Canad. Ent. 4: 21. ♂.

Mesochorus politus Provancher, 1883. Nat. Canad. 14: 4. ♀. Preocc. by Gravenhorst, 1829.
Mesochorus provancheri Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 57. N. name for politus

Provancher.
Mesochorus silvaruyn Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 57. Emendation.

Mesochorus tachinae Ashmead
N. S. w. to B. C, s. to e. N. C, n. Ga., 111., Colo., and n. Calif. Ecology:

Reared or presumed to have been reared from parasites of the following-- Geometridae
(Aethalura anticaria [Wlk.], Caripeta divisata Wlk., Cladara limitaria [Wlk.], C.
nigroangulata [Stkr.], Cyclophora pendulinaria [Gn.], Deilinea sp., Ectropis
crepuscularia [D. and S.], Enypia packardata Tay.?, Erannis tiliaria [Harris],
Eupithecia sp., E. luteata bifasciata [Dyar], E. transcanadata MacKay, Hydriomena
renunciata columbiata Tay., Hyperetis amicaria [H.-S.], Iridopsis emasculata [Dyar]?,
Lambdina fiscellaria lugubrosa [Hulst], N eyyiatocampa filamentaria Gn., Nepytia
phantasmaria [Stkr.], Semiothisa sp., S. "granitata" auct.), Noctuidae {Feralia sp., F.
jocosa [Gn.], Hypena humuli [Harris], Zale minerea norda [Smith]), Dioptidae
{Phryganidea sp.), Tortricidae {Acleris variana [Fern.] and tortricid), and Oecophoridae




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{Psilocorsis sp.)- Host: Actia interrupta Curran, Chaetophlepsis orbitalis Web., C.
semiothisae Brooks, Ictericophyto tibialis (Curran), tachinids, dipterous parasites.

Mesochorus tachinae Ashmead, 1898. In Dimmock and Ashmead, Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 4:
168. ♀.

Mesochorus tachypus Holmgren
Newfoundland (Labrador), w. N. W. T., and Alaska, s. to P. E. I., s. Que.,
Ont., N. Mex., and n.w. Calif.; Europe. Ecology: Reared or presumed to have been
reared from parasites of the following-- Olethreutidae {Epinotia solandriana [L.],
Pseudexentera improbana oregonana [Wlk.], Zeirapliera sp.), Tortricidae (Acleris
variana [Fern.], Choristoneura occidentalis Free.), Gelechiidae {Anacampsis
7iiveopulvella [Cham.], Coleotechnites starki [Free.]), Geometridae {Alsophila pometaria
[Harris], Operophtera sp.), Lasiocampidae (Malacosoma disstria Hbn.), and sp. of
Noctuidae. Host: Apanteles fnmiferanae Vier., Microgaster peroneae Wly.

Mesochorus tachypus Holmgren, 1860 (1858). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 2 (8):
130. ♂, ♀.

Mesochorus diversicolor Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 149. ♂, ♀.

Mesochorus tantillus Dasch
N. B., n. and s. Que., N. H., Ont., n. Mich., Sask., s.e. B. C. Ecology: Paratypes
should be presumed to have been reared from parasites of the following—
Tenthredinidae (Anoplonyx luteipes [Cr.]) and Geometridae (Semiothisa dispuncta
[Wlk.], S. "graiiitata" auct.).

Mesochorus tantillus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 164. ♂, ♀.

Mesochorus totonacus Cresson
Ohio, s. Mich., n.e. Kans.; n. and s. Mexico. The type locality is in southern
Mexico.

Mesochorus totonacus Cresson, 1872. Canad. Ent. 4: 23. "♀"=♂.

Mesochorus totanacus Cresson, 1874 (1873). Acad. Nat. Sci., Proc. 25: 388. "♀"=♂.The
holotype is the same specimen as that of totonacus.

Mesochorus transversus Dasch
Northern Que., N. H.

Mesochorus transversus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 16: 269. ♂.

Mesochorus tumidifrons Dasch
Northern Va., n.e. Kans. Ecology: The single paratype can be presumed to
have been reared from a parasite of a sawfly larva.

Mesochorus tumidifrons Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 214. ♀.

Mesochorus tundracolus Dasch
Southwestern Alaska. Ecology: The three specimens known were collected
on tundra at Naknek, Alaska.
Mesochorus tundracolus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 179. ♂, ♀.

Mesochorus ukiahensis Dasch
Northwestern Calif. Known only from the holotype.

Mesochorus ukiahensis Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 227. ♀.

Mesochorus unicarinatus Dasch
Que. w. to n. Yukon, s. to Md., n. Ga., Tex., and n.w. Oreg. Host:
Chaetophlepsis orbitalis Web. ex Lambdina fiscellaria lugubrosa (Hulst).
Mesochorus unicarinatus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 87. ♂, ♀.

Mesochorus uniformis Cresson
N. S. w. to w. Yukon, s. to Ga., Tex., s. N. Mex., s. Ariz., and s. Calif.;
Mexico. Ecology: Reared or presumed to have been reared from parasites of the
following— Sphingidae {Ceratomia amyntor [Geyer]), Lymantriidae Lymantria dispar
[L.], Orgyia sp., 0. psedotsugata [McD.]), Noctuidae (Xylomyges perlubens Grt.),
Geometridae (Caripeta sp., C. angustiroata Wlk., C. divisata Wlk., Ectropis
crepuscularia [D. and S.], Eufidonia notataria [Wlk.], Eupithecia annulata [Hulst],
Glena nigHcaria [B. and McD.], Lambdina fiscellaria luguborsa [Hulst], Melanolophia
imitata [Wlk.], Semiothisa sp., S. sp. on Larix, S. dispuncta [Wlk.], S. oweni [Swett], S.
setonana [McD.], sexmaculata [Pack.], Stenoporpia sp.), Tortricidae (Acleris variana
[Fern.], Choristoneura fumiferana [Clem.]), Oecophoridae (Semioscopis inomata
Wlshm.), and Diprionidae (Neodiprion abietis [Harris], N. pinetum [Nort.]). Host:
Casinaria limenitidis (How.), Phobocampe pallipes (Prov.), P. unicincta (Grav.),
Apanteles melanoscelus (Ratz.).
Mesochorus uniformis Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 171. "9" = 9 and misdet.

6.
Paniscus rufulus Provancher, 1876. Nat. Canad. 8: 328. ♀.
Astiphromma mexicanus Ashmead, 1894. Calif. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 129. ♀.




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Mesochorus validus Dasch
Mass. and s.e. Alta., s. to e. N. C, n.w. S. C, n. La., Okla., s. Ariz, and central
Calif.

Mesoclwrus validus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 130. ♂, ♀.

Mesochorus varianus Dasch
Newfoundland (insular) w. to central Alta. and s.w. B. C, s. to n.w. S. C, s.
Wis., Minn., and n.w. Oreg. Host: Lamachus angularius (Davis).

Mesociiorus variamis Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 150. ♂, ♀.

Mesochorus vittator (Zetterstedt)
Newfoundland (Labrador) w. to n.w. Alaska, s. to Ala., w. Tex., Ariz.,
and s. Calif.; Eurasia; Mexico, Costa Rica. Ecology: Reared or presumed to have been
reared from parasites of two species of Tenthredinidae and many species of
Lepidoptera (too numerous to list) of diverse habits. Host: Diadegma insulare (Cr.),
Dimophora sp., "Hyposoter annidipes (Cresson)" ex Lambdina fiscellaria lugubrosa
(Hulst) and Nepytia umbrosaria nigrovenaria (Pack.), Phobocampe n. sp., P.flavipes
(Prov.), Apanteles glomeratus (L.)?, A. medicaginis Mues.?, Microgaster peroneae Wly.
M. vittator is apparently by far the most frequently collected species of Mesochorus in
North America.

Tryphon vittator Zetterstedt, 1838. Ins. Lapponica Descr., Hym., p. 387. ♀.

Mesochonis brunneus Brischke, 1880. Naturf. Gesell. Danzig, Schr. (n. f.) 4: 184. ♂.

Campoplex pieridicola Packard, 1881. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Proc. 21: 20. "♀"=♂.

Mesochorus yosemite Dasch
Colo., s. Idaho, n.e. Calif.

Mesochorus yosemite Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 196. ♀.

Genus STICTOPISTHUS Thomson

Stictopisthus Thomson, 1886. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. (6) 5: 327, 344.

Type-species: Stictopisthus bilineatus Thomson. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.

This is a moderate sized genus of worldwide distribution.

Stictopisthus argaleus Dasch
Que., s. Sask., and w. Yukon, s. to Md., w. N. C, and n.w. Ark. Ecology: Should
be presumed as having been reared from parasites of the following- Tortricidae
{Archips argyrospilus [Wlk.], Choristoneura pinus Free., C. rosaceana [Harris], and a
"tortricid sp."), Pyralidae {Desmia funeralis [Hbn.], Nephopteryx subcaesiella [Clem.]),
Yponomeutidae (Zelleria haimbachi Bsk.), Gracilariidae {Lithocolletis robiiiiella Clem.),
and a leaf miner on Robinia pseudoacacia. The paratypes in the U. S. Natl. Museum
collection show considerably more variation than is allowed for in either Dasch's key to
Stictopisthus females or in his description of argaleus (the key and description also
disagree with each other in respect to the dimensions of the ovipositor sheath), and two
species may be confused under the name argaleus.
Stictopisthus argaleus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 277. ♂, ♀.

Stictopisthus artus Dasch
N. Y., s. Ind., w. Mont.

Stictopisthus artus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 283. ♂, ♀.

Stictopisthus bilineatus Thomson
Southern Sask. s. to w. Tex., w. to s. Alta., Wash., and s. Calif.; s. Mexico;
Europe. Ecology: Can be presumed to have been reared from parasites of the following
microlepidoptera- Scythris sp. and Plutella xylostella (L.).
Stictopisthus bilineatus Thomson, 1886. Soc. Ent. de France, Ann. (6) 5: 344. [male,
female].

Stictopisthus crenatus Dasch
Newfoundland (Labrador), w. N. W. T., and s.w. Alaska, s. to N. J., Mich, and
n. Idaho. Ecology: Can be presumed to have been reared from parasites of the following
microlepidoptera-- Gracilaria burgessiella Zell., Lithocolletis sp., Acleris sp., and
C horisto7ieura pinus Free.
Stictopisthus crenatus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 281. cJ, 9.

Stictopisthus electilis (Cresson)
Eastern N. C, n.w. S. C, Kans., Okla., Tex., s.e. Ariz.; Mexico.
Mesochorus electilis Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 171. ♀.

Stictopisthus exilis Dasch
Central Utah. Known only from the holotype.

Stictopisthus exilis Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 287. ♂.

Stictopisthus flaviceps (Provancher)
Que. w. to w. N. W. T., s. to Md., n.w. S. C, Mo., Colo., and n. Calif.
Ecology: Can be presumed to have been reared from parasites of the following-
Tortricidae (Archips argyrospilus [Wlk.], C horistoneura fumiferana [Clem.], C. pinus




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Free.), Olethreutidae (Ajicylis comptana [Froel.]), and Yponomeutidae {Zelleria

haimbachi Bsk.).
Mesochonts flaviceps Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11: 210. ♀.

Stictopisthus floridanus Dasch
Northern Fla. Ecology: The single paratype can be presumed to have been

reared from a parasite of the "spotted leaf tyer on oak."
Stictopisthus floridanus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 288. ♂, ♀.

Stictopisthus lanceolatus Dasch
N. B. w. to central Alta. and s. B. C, s. to Pa., Ohio, and Wis. Ecology: Can

be presumed to have been reared from parasites of the following microlepidoptera--

Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), Sparganothis pettitana (Rob.), Anacampsis

niveopulvella (Cham.).
Stictopisthus lanceolatus Dasch, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 16: 279. ♂, ♀.

Subfamily DIPLAZONTINAE

The members of this medium sized subfamily are internal parasites of Diptera larvae. The
eggs are deposited in the early-instar larvae or eggs of the host, and the adults emerge from the
host puparia. The usual hosts are aphidophagous Syrphidae, although phytophagous Syrphidae
and even Diptera of other families are sometimes parasitized.

Revision: Davis, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 25-27. —Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst.,
Mem. 3: 1-304 (Nearctic spp.). —Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Contrib. 1 (1): 1-77
(Neotropic spp.).

Taxonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 216-232 (genera of world).

Genus SYRPHOCTONUS Foerster

Syrphoctonus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 15: 162.

Type-species: Bassus exsnltans Gravenhorst. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Woldstedt, 1877.
Homotropus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 162.

Type-species: Bassus elegans Gravenhorst. Desig. by Walkley, 1958 from 29 species
included by Thomson, 1890. Walkley (1958) considered the type-species as having
been designated by Viereck (1914) when the latter author designated B. elegans
as the type-species of Homocidus Morley (Viereck's [1914] designation of B.
bicapillaris Walsh as the type-species of Homotropus has no validity because B.
bicapillaris was not placed in Homotropus until 1895). The fact that Homocidus
(which see) has no standing in nomenclature (and therefore has no type-species),
prevents Viereck's (1912) designation of B. elegans as the "type-species" of
Homocidus from being the valid designation for Homotropus by isogeneritypy.
Homoporus{\) Thomson, 1890. Opusc. Ent. 14: 1488. There is no doubt that Hoynoporus is a
lapsus for Homotropus because Thomson used the name Homotropus in his conspectus
generum on page 1465 of the same paper. Twelve years earlier Thomson had given the
name Homoporus to a genus of Chalcidoidea, which makes it easy to explain how he
could have made the error of introducing the name Homoporus in his manuscript which
dealt with Homotropus.
Homocidus Morley, 1911. Brit. Ichn., v. 4, p. 87. N. name for Homoporus Thomson, 1890.

This large Neotropic, Holarctic, Oriental and Ethiopian genus was called Homotropus in
the most recent works on Diplazontinae. Suppression of Homotropus as a synonym of Syrphoc-
tonus is necessitated by the first re visor decision of Benoit (1955) and by the following facts.
Viereck (1914) designated Bassus biguttatus Gravenhorst as the type-species of Syrphoctonus,
believing that this species was eligible for designation by virtue of Woldstedt's (1877b) place-
ment of it in Syrphoctonus along with three other species, including B. exsultans Gravenhorst.
However, Woldstedt (1877a) had monotypically included B. exsultans, which makes it the
type-species of Syrphoctonus. Syrphoctonus of recent authors is herein called Woldstedtius
(which see).

Taxonomy: Woldstedt, 1877a (1876). Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Bui. 22: 391.

—Woldstedt, 1877b. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Bui. 23: 441. —Viereck, 1912. Ent.
Soc. Wash., Proc. 14: 175. -Viereck, 1914. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 83: 72, 142.




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Syrphoctonus alaskensis (Ashmead)
Que., s. Maine, s.e. Yukon, Alaska. Males are unknown.

Homotropus alaskensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 226. ♀.

Syrphoctonus albopictus (Davis)
Northern Que. w. to n. Yukon and Alaska, s. to n. Va., w. N. C, Minn., n. N.
Mex., and n. Calif. The two "subspecies" recognized by Dasch (1964) had broadly
overlapping ranges.

Homotropus bicapillaris var. albopictus Davis, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 28. ♀.

Homotropus albopictus ithacae Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 103. c5, 9. N. syn.

Syrphoctonus aquilonius (Dasch)
n. comb. Greenland.

Homotropus aquilonius Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 135. ♀.

Syrphoctonus arizonensis (Dasch)
n. comb. Northern Colo., Ariz., e. Calif. Ecology: Occurs at higher
altitudes.

Homotropus arizonensis Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 114. ♂, ♀.

Syrphoctonus badius (Dasch)
n. comb. Central Calif.

Homotropus badius Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 170. ♂, ♀.

Syrphoctonus belangerii (Provancher)
Que. s. to Md. and. w. N. C, w. to Wis. and n. 111. Host: Syrphid.

Bassus Belangerii Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6 (1): 31 (key); 6 (2): 56. ♀.

Syrphoctonus columbiensis (Dasch)
n. comb. Southwestern Alta. and B. C. s. to Colo., Utah, and n. Calif.
Host: Syrphid.
Homotropus cohimbieyisis Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 123. ♂, ♀.

Syrphoctonus compactus (Dasch)
n. comb. Northwestern Mich., Colo., w. N. W. T., w. Wash., s.w. Oreg.

Homotropus compactus Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 119. ♂, ♀.

Syrphoctonus confertus (Dasch)
n. comb. Que., n. N. Mex., w. B. C.

Homotropus confertus Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 142. ♂, ♀.

Syrphoctonus costalis (Provancher)
n. comb. Que. This name is transferred from synonymy with Promethes
sidcator (Gravenhorst) because there appear to be no valid grounds for rejecting the
lectotype of Gahan and Rohwer (1917) as Townes (1939) and Barron (1975) have done.
Because Provancher stated that he had two specimens, lack of agreement with the
original description alone is not proof that the Gahan and Rohwer lectotype was not an
original syntype.
Bassus costalis Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6 (1): 31 (key); 6 (2): 58. ♀.

Taxonomy: Gahan and Rohwer, 1917. Canad. Ent. 49: 332. —Townes, 1939. Canad. Ent. 71:

93. —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 455.

Syrphoctonus cressonii Davis
Nev. Known only from the holotype.

Syrphoctonus cressonii Davis, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 27. ♀.

Syrphoctonus cultiformis (Davis)
Colo., Alaska.

Otoblastus cultiformis Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 273. ♀.

Otoblastus cultriformisV.) Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 311.

Homotropus cultriformis Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 179. Unjustified emend.

Syrphoctonus decoratus (Cresson)
Colo., n. Utah, s.e. Ariz., s. B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif.; n.w. Mexico. Host:
Syrphid spp.

Bassus decoratus Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 375. ♂.

Syrphoctonus elegans (Gravenhorst)
Que., e. N. W. T., Ont.; Europe.

Bassus elegans Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 313. ♂.
Bassus rufonotatus Holmgren, 1858 (1856). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 1: 369.
6, 9.

Syrphoctonus fossatus (Dasch)
n. comb. Newfoundland (Labrador) w. to n. Yukon and Alaska, s. to Mass., n.
Mich., n. Colo., and n.w. Oreg. The ranges of the two "subspecies" described by Dasch
(1964) were largely overlapping.
Ho7notropus fossatus fossatus Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 159. ♂, ♀.
Homotropus fossatus aureopecttis Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 160. 6, 9. N.
syn.

Syrphoctonus fraudulentus
***authority mismatch
fraudulentus (Dasch), n. comb. Colo., s. Alta., n. Idaho, interior Alaska, s. Yukon,
s. B. C.
Homotropus fraudulentus fraudulentus Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 151. ♂, ♀.




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Syrphoctonus fraudulentus
***authority mismatch
recurvatus (Dasch), n. comb. Northwestern Wash., n.e. Calif.

Hojnotropus fraudulentus recurvatus Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 152.

Syrphoctonus imperfectus (Dasch)
n. comb. Newfoundland (Labrador), n.w. Mich., s. B. C, Wash., n.w. Oreg.
Host: Syrphid.
Homotropus imperfectus Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 155. ♂, ♀.

Syrphoctonus labradorensis (Dasch)
n. comb. Newfoundland (n. Labrador), Colo., s.w. Alta.

Homotropus labradorensis Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 136. ♂, ♀.
lacvis Brues. Maine w. to interior Alaska, s. to S. C, s. 111., N. Mex., and Wash. Host: Syrphid
on Populus.
Syrphoctonus laevis Brues, 1908. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 6: 53. ♀.

Syrphoctonus maculifrons (Cresson)
Minn. w. to central Alta. and s. B. C, s. to n.w. Iowa, n. N. Mex., n.
Ariz., and s. Calif.; n.w. Mexico; Hawaii. Host: Eupeodes volucris 0. S., Metasyrphus
perplexus (Osb.), Scaeva pyrastri (L.).
Bassus maculifrons Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 272. ♀.
Bassus semifasciatus Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 87. 6. This synonymy is
dubious because the lost type of B. semifasciatus is thought to have been collected in
111.

Syrphoctonus melanogaster (Holmgren)
Northern Que., N. W. T., interior Alaska, w. Wash.; Greenland.
Bassus ynelanogaster Holmgren, 1872. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad., Ofvers. af ... Forh. 29 (6):
98. ♂.

Syrphoctonus minimus (Cresson)
Que. s. to n. Fla., w. to Minn., e. Kans., and Ark.
Tryphon minimus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 281. ♀.
Bassus ruficnis Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 86. "♂"=♀.

Syrphoctonus nigriclypealis (Dasch)
n. comb. Southern Que., s.w. Alta.; Greenland.

Homotropus nigriclypealis Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 110. ♀.
nigritarsus fuscitarsus (Provancher). Newfoundland (insular) w. to n. Yukon and Alaska, s. to
N. Y., s. Man., N. Mex., and s. Calif.; Mexico. Host: Eupeodes volucris 0. S. S.
nigritarsus nigritarsus (Gravenhorst) is Eurasian.
Tryphon humeralis Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (4): 117. "♀"=♂. Preocc. by

Gravenhorst, 1829.
Bassus fuscitarsus Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (5): 143. "♂"=♀.

nigritarsus groenlandicus (Holmgren). Greenland.

Bassus groenlandicus Holmgren, 1872. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad., Ofvers af ... Forh. 29 (2):
97. ♂.

Syrphoctonus novitus (Dasch)
n. comb. Interior Alaska. Known only from the holotype.

Homotropus novitus Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 130. ♂.

Syrphoctonus nudus (Dasch)
n. comb. Northern Que. w. to interior Alaska, s. to s. Mich., Colo., and n.e. Calif.

Homotropus nudus Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 3: HI. 6,9.

Syrphoctonus pacificus (Cresson)
Western N. W. T. and Alaska s. to w. S. Dak., N. Mex., and s. Calif.; n.
Mexico. Host: Bigonicheta sp.
Bassus maculifrons Holmgren, 1869 (1868). Eug. Resa I, Zool. I, Ins., p. 410. ♀. Preocc. by

Cresson, 1865.
Bassus pacificus Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 376. ♂, ♀.
Bassus xanthopsis Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 440. ♂.

Syrphoctonus pallipes (Gravenhorst)
N. S. w. to Alaska, s. to Pa., n.w. S. C, n. Minn., Colo., and s. Calif.;
Europe.
Bassus pallipes Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 325. "♂"=♀.
Bassus pallipennis Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 31. ♀.
Bassus pallidipes(l) Bignell, 1898. Devonshire Assoc, Trans. 30: 500. Lapsus for B.

Syrphoctonus pallipes
***authority mismatch
Gravenhorst.
Homotropus pallidipennis Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 238. Emend, of B.

pallipennis Provancher.
Homotropus pallidipes Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 238. Emend, of B. pallipes
Gravenhorst.

Syrphoctonus pectoralis (Provancher)
Que. w. to s. Yukon and interior Alaska, s. to n. Va., s. Wis., and Colo.
Bassus pectoralis Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 32. ♂.




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Syrphoctonus pleuralis
***authority mismatch
pleuralis (Cresson). N. H. s. to n.w. S. C, w. to Mich., e. Iowa, Ark., and s. Tex. Host:
Syrphid predator of grape aphid.
Bassus pleuralis Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 111. ♀.

Syrphoctonus pleuralis
***authority mismatch
syrphicola (Ashmead). Southern Alta. and s. B. C. s. to n. Colo., n. Utah, n.e. Nev.,
and central Calif. Host: Metasyrphus perlexus (Osb.), Scaeva pyrastri (L.).
Bassus syrphicola Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 439. ♂, ♀.

Syrphoctonus quadrangularis (Dasch)
n. comb. Eastern Mass., n.e. N. J., Colo., s. Alta., n. Idaho, n. Yukon,
interior Alaska, B. C.
Homotropus qiiadrangularis Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 106. ♂, ♀.

Syrphoctonus robsonensis (Dasch)
n. comb. Southeastern B. C. Known only from two specimens.
Homotropus robsonensis Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 183. ♂, ♀.

Syrphoctonus robustus Davis
Southeastern Mich., s. Alta., s. B. C, Wash.

Syrphoctomis robustus Davis, 1895. Aiiier. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 25. ♂.

Syrphoctonus rufulus (Dasch)
n. comb. Southern Maine w. to s.w. Ont. and interior Alaska, s. to n.w. S. C.
and n. 111. Dasch (1964) stated that one of the paratypes was from "Louisiana (no
locality)"; his dissertation (Dasch, 1953) indicated that the specimen was a male from the
C. F. Baker collection and was in the U. S. Natl. Museum collection. I find no paratype
from La. in that collection and therefore cannot verify from the Baker notebook that it
was really collected in La. (in rare cases the notebook data pertaining to a particular
"Baker number" do not agree with the locality on the specimen label).
Homotropus rufulus Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 104. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Dasch, 1953. Taxonomic study Nearctic Diplazoninae, Ph. D. Thesis, Cornell
Univ., p. 217.

Syrphoctonus sicarius (Dasch)
n. comb. Newfoundland (n. Labrador), n. Que., N. W. T., interior Alaska.

Host: Simuliid.
Homotropus sicarius Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 161. cJ, 9.

Syrphoctonus signatus (Gravenhorst)
Newfoundland (insular) and n. Que. w. to n. Alaska, s. to N. J., s. Ohio,

n. Iowa, n. Colo., and n.w. Oreg.; Eurasia. Host: Platycheirus erraticus Curran,

Spkaerophoria contigua Macq.
Bassus sig7iattis Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 325. ♀.
Tryphon nigricomis Zetterstedt, 1838. Insecta Lapponica, Hym., p. 399. ♀.
Tryphon compressiventris Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 105. cJ, 9.
Homotropus kygrobius Thomson, 1890. Opusc Ent. 14: 1524. cJ, 9.
Zootrephes montanus Davis, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 24. ♂, ♀.

Syrphoctonus tarsatorius (Panzer)
Northern Que. w. to Alaska, s. to N. Y., n. Mich., Colo., and s.w. Oreg.;

Eurasia. Host: Syrphid spp.
Bassus tarsatorius Panzer, 1809 (1806-1809). Faunae Ins. German., Heft 102, pi. 19

[female].
Bassus exsultans Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 328. ♂.
Bassus insignis Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 349. ♀.
Bassus flavus Desvignes, 1862. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 10: 219. ♂.
Bassus pulckellus Desvignes, 1862. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 10: 221. ♂.
Bassus indicus Cameron, 1909. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, Jour. 19: 728. ♂.
Homoporus flavitrockantenis Uchida, 1956. Insecta Matsumurana 19: 99. ♂, ♀.

Syrphoctonus teres (Dasch)
n. comb. Colo. Ecology: Occurs in the Rocky Mts. at altitudes between 9600 ft.

and 12000 ft.
Homotropus teres Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 113. ♂, ♀.

Syrphoctonus venustus (Dasch)
n. comb. Colo., n. Utah, s. Idaho.

Homotropus venustus Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 138. ♂, ♀.

Syrphoctonus vitreus (Dasch)
n. comb. Newfoundland (n. Labrador) w. to Alaska, s. to N. S., n. Mich., n.w.
Wyo., and n.w. Calif.

Homotropus vitreus Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 3: 173. cJ, 9.

Genus XESTOPELTA Dasch

Xestopelta Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 208.

Type-species: Syrphoctonus vertebratus Cushman. Orig. desig.




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This is a very small genus of Holarctic and Ethiopian (one Madagascan sp.) distribution.

Xestopelta vertebrata (Cushman)
N. H., Vt., N. W. T., B. C, w. Wash.

Syrpkoctonus bilineatus Ashmead, 1900. /n Slosson, Ent. News 11: 320. Nomen nudum.
Himertosoma quinquecinctum Ashmead, 1902. hi Slosson, Ent. News 13: 320. Nomen

nudum.
Syrpkoctonus vertebratus Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mas., Proc. 61 (8): 29. ♂.

Genus ENIZEMUM Foerster

Enizemum Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 162.

Type-species: Bassus tibialis Cresson. By subsequent monotypy from inclusion by
Davis, 1895.

This is a small Holarctic, Oriental, and Ethiopian genus.

Enizemum huronense Dasch
Northern Mich. Known only from two specimens.

Enizemum huronense Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 199. ♂.

Enizemum imitatum Dasch
Ariz., n.e. Calif. Known only from two specimens.

Enizemum imitatum Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 196. ♂.

Enizemum insidiosum Dasch
Coastal Calif. The only specimen known was collected at Carmel, Calif.

Enizemum insidiosum Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 197. ♀.

Enizemum matanuskae Dasch
Southern Yukon, Alaska. Known only from the holotype and one paratype.

Enizemum matanuskae Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 191. ♀.

Enizemum ornatum (Gravenhorst)
N. S., Sask., Colo., N. Mex., Alta., Alaska, s. Yukon, B. C; Eurasia.
Host: Metasyrphus lapponicus (Zett.).

Bassus deplanatus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 341. ♂.

Bassus omatus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 340. ♂, ♀.

Bassus carinulatus Ruthe, 1859. Stettin. Ent. Ztg. 20: 373. cJ, 9.

Enizemum neomexicanum Brues, 1908. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 6: 54. ♀.

Enizemum petiolatum (Say)
N. B. w. to s.e. Alta., s. to e. N. C, s. Ala., n.e. Kans., and s. Colo. Host:
Metasyrphus americanus (Wied.).

Pimpla? petiolatus Say, 1836. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 224. ♂.

Bassus tibialis Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 110. ♀.

Bassus bicapillaris Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 88. "♂"=♀.

Pimpla parvialba Viereck, 1906. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 32: 182. "♂"=♀.

Enizemum scorteum Dasch
Northern Que., N. W. T., n. Colo., s.e. B. C.

Enizemum scorteum Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 194. ♂, ♀.

Enizemum tridentatum Dasch
Northern Colo., s.w. Alta., interior Alaska.

Enizemum tridentatum Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 189. ♂, ♀.

Genus WOLDSTEDTIUS Carlson, n. genus

Syrpkoctonus Foerster sensu Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 200-208.

The type-species of this new genus is Bassus biguttatus Gravenhorst, which was formerly re-
garded as the type-species of Syrpkoctonus Foerster (which see). The genus is rather small, and
its species occur in the Neotropic, Holarctic, and Oriental regions.

Taxonomy: Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 200-208 (Nearctic spp.). —Dasch, 1964.
Amer. Ent. Inst., Contrib. 1 (1): 45-63 (Neotropic spp.).

Woldstedtius citropectoralis (Schmiedeknecht)
n. comb. N. Y., Pa., e. Ohio, n. Mich., interior Alaska, s.e. B.
C; Europe.
Homocidus citropectoralis Schmiedeknecht, 1926. Opusc. Ichn., v. 5, p. 3412. ♂.

Woldstedtius flavolineatus (Gravenhorst)
n. comb. N. S. w. to n. Yukon and Alaska, s. to e. S. C, s. Ala.,
n.w. Ark., s. Colo., and n. Calif.; Mexico, Ecuador; Eurasia. Host: Allograpta obliqua
(Say), Metasyrpkus americanus (Wied.), M. lapponicus (Zett.), Ocyptannis clavatus (F.),
O.fascipennis (Wied.).
Bassus flavolineatus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 337. ♀.
Bassus bimacidattis Holmgren, 1858 (1856). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 1: 360.
6.




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Basstis agilis Cresson, 1868. Amer Ent. Sec, Trans. 2: 111. ♂.

Bassus frontalis Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 111. ♀. Preocc. by Zetterstedt,

1838.
Bassus ju7ichis Provancher, 1883. Nat. Canad. 14: 10. "♂"=♀.

Woldstedtius patei (Dasch)
n. comb. Northern Colo., Alaska.

Syrphodonus patei Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 207. ♀.

Genus CAMPOCRASPEDON Uchida

Campocraspedon Uchida, 1957. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Faculty Agr., Jour. 50: 237.
Type-species: Campocraspedon satoi Uchida. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is a small Holarctic genus.

Campocraspedon foutsi (Cushman)
Maine, Mass., N. Y., Md., D. C, e. N. C, s.e. Ont., Ohio, e. 111.

Syrphoctonus foutsi Cushman, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 72 (13): 12. ♂, ♀.

Campocraspedon truncatus Dasch
Northern Colo., Alaska, s.e. B. C, n. Idaho.

Campocraspedon tnincatus Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 214.

Genus PHTHORIMA Foerster

Phthorima Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 162.

Type-species: Bassus compressus Desvignes. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Thomson, 1890.
Pkthorimus Thomson, 1890. Opusc. Ent. 14: 1474. Emend.

This is a small Holarctic genus.

Phthorima bidens (Davis)
N. B. s. to Md., w. to s.w. Ont. and n. Colo. Host: Neocnemodon coxalis
(Curran), syrphid on hickory bark.

Otoblastus bidens Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 273. ♂.

Phthorima snlciclypeus Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 265. ♀.

Phthorima compressa (Desvignes)
Colo., s. Alta., interior Alaska, n. Yukon, B. C.

Bassus compressus Desvignes, 1856. Cat. Brit. Ichn. in Brit. Mus., p. 91. ♀.

Bassus ibalioidis Kriechbaumer, 1878. Ent. Nachr. 4: 211. ♀.

Homoporus niger Morley, 1906 (1905). Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 53: 422. ♂.

Phthorima extensor Cushman
N. S. w. to s.e. B. C, s. to D. C, s.e. Tenn., and n.w. Colo.

Phthorima extensor Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 264. ♀.

Phthorima rufipleurum Dasch
N. H., Mass., Conn., N. Y., Md., Ont., Ohio, Mich., w. N. W. T.

Phthorima rufipleurum Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 221. ♂, ♀.

Phthorima townesi Dasch
Mass., N. Y., n. W. Va., Ont., Ohio, Mich., Iowa.

Phthorima townesi Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 224. ♂, ♀.

Phthorima sulcigena Dasch
Southeastern B. C. Known only from the holotype.

Phthorima sulcigena Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 228. ♂.

Genus SYRPHOPHILUS Dasch

Syrphophilus Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 59.

Type-species: Bassus bizonarius Gravenhorst. Orig. desig.

This is a small Holarctic genus.

Syrphophilus asperatus Dasch
Interior Alaska.

Syrphophilus asperatus Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 71. ♀.

Syrphophilus bizonarius (Gravenhorst)
Newfoundland (insular) w. to interior Alaska, s. to w. N. C, N. Mex.,
and n. Calif.; Eurasia. Host: Syrphids.
Bassiis bizonarius Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 350. ♂.
Bassus cingulaius Holmgren, 1858 (1856). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 1: 369. ♂.
Bassus frontalis Brischke, 1871. Phys.-Oekonom. Gesell. Koenigsberg, Schr. 11: 104. ♂.

Preocc. by Zetterstedt, 1838 and Cresson, 1868.
Bassus saginatus Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11: 277. "♀"=♂.




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Zootrephes maudae Davis, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 22. 6, 9. This name appeared

in Davis' key and applies to the same lectotype as does Z. iiiconstayis Davis.
Zootrephes mconstans Davis, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 23, 29. S, 9. This name

applies to the same lectotype as does Z. maudae Davis (above).
Homocidus iwatensis Uchida, 1930. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Faculty Agr., Jour. 25: 257. ♀.
Homocidus satoi Uchida, 1930. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Faculty Agr., Jour. 25: 257. ♂, ♀.

Syrphophilus ichneumonoides (Provancher)
Newfoundland (insular) w. to Alaska, s. to Mass., n. Mich., N.

Mex., n. Idaho, and w. Wash.
Bassiis ichneumonoides Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6 (1): 31 (key); 6 (2): 57. ♂, ♀.
Bassus cingulatus Provancher, 1883. Nat. Canad. 14: 11. ♀. Preocc. by Holmgren, 1858.
Zootrephes similis Brues, 1908. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 6: 52. ♀.

Syrphophilus tricinctorius (Thunberg)
Northern Que. w. to Alaska, s. to n.w. S. C, s.w. Mo., N. Mex., and

n.e. Calif.; Eurasia. Host: Syrphids.
Ichneiimon tricinctorius Thunberg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem. 8:

278; 9: 357. [male].
Bassus cinctus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 327. ♂.
Bassus lateralis Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 342. "♂"=♀.
Bassus scabriculus Holmgren, 1858 (1856). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 1: 357. ♂.

9.
Bassus albicincttis Desvignes, 1862. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 10: 218. ♂.
Bassus hyperboreus Marshall, 1877. Ent. Monthly Mag. 13: 241. ♂.
Bassus scapulatus Provancher, 1883. Nat. Canad. 14: 11. ♀.

Homocidus takaozanus Uchida, 1930. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Faculty Agr., Jour. 25: 259. ♂.
Syrphophilus tricinctorius niveus Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 70. S, 9. N. syn.;

range almost completely overlapped by what Dasch considered to be the nominate

subspecies.

Syrphophilus tricinctus (Ashmead)
Northern Que. w. to Alaska, s. to Colo., s.w. Alta., and w. Wash.

Bioblapsis tricincta Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc 4: 224. S . The type locality is

Berg Bay, Glacier Bay Natl. Monument, Alaska.

Genus TYMMOPHORUS Schmiedeknecht

Tymmophorus Schmiedeknecht, 1913. Opusc. Ichn. 34: 2714.

Type-species: Tymmophorus lacustris Schmiedeknecht. Monotypic

This small genus is Holarctic and apparently Neotropic (Mexico).

Tymmophorus fasciventris Dasch
Northern Colo., Alaska, and Yukon.

Tymmophorus fasciventris Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 85. ♂, ♀.

Tymmophorus gelidus Dasch
Arctic and subarctic N. W. T.; arctic Greenland.

Tymmophorus gelidus Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 87. ♂, ♀.

Tymmophorus gillettii (Davis)
Colo. Known only from the holotype.

Syrphoctonus gillettii Davis, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 26. ♀.

Tymmophorus obscuripes (Holmgren)
Northern Que. w. to n. Yukon and Alaska, s. to n. Colo., n.w. Wyo., and
n.e. Calif.; Europe. In Dasch's (1964) revision of the North American Diplazontinae the
name graculus (Gravenhorst) is incorrectly applied to this species. Pfankuch (1910)
studied the now lost holotype (presumably destroyed in World War II) of Bassus
graculus Gravenhorst; he found that B. graculus is a species of Hemitelini and noted
that Thomson's (1890) suppression of B. obscuripes Holmgren as a synonym of graculus
is incorrect. If specimens in the U. S. Natl. Museum collection are correctly identified,
B. graculus Gravenhorst represents an undescribed European genus of Phygadeuontina.
Bassus obscuripes Holmgren, 1858 (1856). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 1: 369. ♂.

9.
Bassus rufocinctus Desvignes, 1862. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 10: 215. cj, 9.
Tymmophorus graculus nigrofemoratus Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 79. ♂, ♀.
N. syn.; range completely overlapped by what Dasch treated as the nominate
subspecies.

Taxonomy: Thomson, 1890. Opusc Ent. 14: 1494-1495. —Pfankuch, 1910. Deut. Ent. Ztschr.
(for 1910), p. 275-276.




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Tymmophorus rufiventris (Gravenhorst)
Newfoundland and n. Que. w. to N. W. T. and Alaska, s. to Conn., w.
N. C, s. Iowa, n. Idaho, and n.w. Oreg.; Europe.
Bassiis rufiventris Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 312. ♂.
Bassus suspiciosus Brischke, 1871. Phys.-Oekonom. Gesell. Koenigsberg, Schr. 11: 106. ♀.
Zootrepkes antennatus Davis, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 23. ♂, ♀.
TymmopJwrus lacustris Schmiedeknecht, 1913. Opusc. Ichn., v. 5, p. 2714. ♀.

Tymmophorus thunbergi Dasch
Que., N. H., Mass., Ont., n. Man., Alaska, B. C. The occurrence of this species
at Nome, Alaska (on the Seward Peninsula) makes it highly probable that it will prove
to be Holarctic.
Tymmophonis thunbergi Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 79. ♂, ♀.

Genus DIPLAZON Viereck

Bassus auct., nee Fabricius. Although no species of Diplazontinae were placed in Bassus
by Fabricius, the name was for many years applied to to Diplazontinae, in later years
more particularly to species of Diplazon.

Diplazon Nees ab Esenbeck, 1819 (1818). In Gravenhorst, Nova Acta Leopoldina 9: 292.
Nomen nudum. Diplazon Nees ab Esenbeck is cited as a synonym of Bassus Fabricius
in this paper by Gravenhorst. In his discussion of Bassus, Gravenhorst referred to a
footnote consisting of a quotation from a letter he had received from Nees ab Esenbeck
on Dec. 25, 1918 wherein Nees ab Esenbeck mentioned the name Diplazon. Nothing in
the footnote makes the name available. Gravenhorst did nothing to validate Diplazon
because he did not associate it with a valid specific name (even when names of genera
described without included species are placed in synonymy, species are not thereby
placed in them).

Diplazon Viereck, 1914. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 83: 46.

Type-species: Ichneumon laetatorius Fabricius. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is a moderate sized genus of worldwide distribution.

Diplazon albotibialis Dasch
Northern Que., Alaska.

Diplazon albotibialis Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 3: 53. ♂, ♀.

Diplazon algidus Dasch
Newfoundland (n. Labrador) w. to n. Yukon and Alaska, s. to n. Man., Colo.,
s.w. Alta., and B. C; n.e. Greenland; Norwegian Lapland.
Diplazon algidus Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 3: 51. ♂, ♀.

Diplazon angustus Dasch
P. E. I., n. Man., w. N. W. T., n. Yukon, interior Alaska, n.e. Calif.

Diplazon angustus Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 46. ♂, ♀.

Diplazon bradleyi Dasch
Que., s. Man., n. Colo., w. N. W. T., Alaska, B. C, w. Wash.

Diplazon bradleyi Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 37. ♂, ♀.

Diplazon cascadensis Dasch
Southwestern Alta., n.w. Wash. The type locality is Cascade Mt., Banff
Natl. Park, Alta. (not "Banff, at 7,000-8,000 ft. in the Cascade Mts.").
Diplazon cascade7isis Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 49. ♂, ♀.

Diplazon constrictus Dasch
Colo., n.e. Calif.

Diplazon constrictus Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 3: 47. ♂, ♀.

Diplazon deletus Thomson
Northern Que. w. to Alaska, s. to Conn., w. N. C, Colo., n. Utah, and n.w.
Oreg.; Europe. The subspecific classification of Dasch (1964) is difficult to reconcile
zoogeographically, particularly in view of the fact that nothing is known about
populations of deletus which presumably exist in northeastern Asia; therefore, no
subspecies of deletus are recognized here.
Bassus deletus Thomson, 1890. Opusc. Ent 14: 1471. ♂, ♀.

Diplazon deletus fuscifemoratiis Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 3: 43. ♂, ♀. N. syn.

Diplazon flavifrons Dasch
Southwestern B. C, w. Wash., n.w. Calif.

Diplazon flavifrons Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 3: 39. ♂, ♀.

Diplazon galenensis Dasch
Southern Idaho. Known from two specimens collected at an elevation of
8600 ft. on Galena Summit, Blaine Co., Idaho.
Diplazon galenensis Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 3: 45. ♂, ♀.

Diplazon insulcatus Dasch
Southwestern Alta., w. Wash.

Diplazon insulcatus Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 58. ♂, ♀.




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Diplazon laetatorius (Fabricius)
Newfoundland (insular) w. to B. C, s. to Fla., s. Tex., and s. Calif.;
Mexico, West Indies, Brazil, Peru, Argentina, Chile; most of Old World. Host:
AUograpta obliqua (Say), Metasyrphus americanus (Wied.), M. perplexus (Osb.), M.
vinelandi (Curran), Paragus (Pandasyopthalmus) tibialis (Fall.), Pseudodorus clavatus
(F.), Spkaerophoria contigua Macq., Syrphus rectus 0. S., S. vittatifrons Shan. This is
probably the most frequently collected species of Ichneumonidae; it is certainly the
most widely distributed one. It usually reproduces thelytokously. Males occur
sporadically in the U. S.; Dasch (1964) studied males from 19 states from coast to coast.
He said that males are not known to occur outside the Nearctic Region.

Ichneumon laetatorius Fabricius, 1781. Species Insectorum, v. 1, p. 424. ♀.

Ichneuvion dichrous Schrank, 1781. Enum. Ins. Austriae, p. 352. "
Anomalon attractus Say, 1826. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 241. ♀.

Bassus albovarius Wollaston, 1858. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) 1: 23. "6" = 9 ?

Bassus sycophanta Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 112. ♂, ♀.

Bassus cinctipes Holmgren, 1869 (1868). Eug. Resa I, Zool. I, Ins., p. 409. ♀.

Bassus tripicticrus Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 85. ♂, ♀.

Scolobates varipes Smith, 1878. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 26: 3. ♀.

Bassus venustulus Saussure, 1890. In Granidier, Hist. Madagascar, v. 20, Hym., Pt. 1, pi.
15, figs. 23, 23a. "(J "= 9 ?

Bassus laetatorius var. tenninalis Davis, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 19. ♀.

Bassus balearicus Kriechbaumer, 1895. Soc. Espan. de Hist. Nat., Bol. 23: 246. ♀.

Bassus generosus Cameron, 1898. Manchester Lit. and Phil. Soc, Mem. and Proc 42: 31. ♀.

Scolobates variipes Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 328. Emend.

Bassus laetatorius var. se7iegalensis Ferriere, 1925. Agron. Colon. 12 (88): 148. [female].

Bassus laetatorius ikiti Cheesman, 1936. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 85: 182. ♀.

Taxonomy: Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 15-22.

Biology: Kelly, 1914. Jour. Econ. Ent. 7: 294-297. — Kamal, 1926. Jour. Econ. Ent. 19: 724,
727. -Kamal, 1939. Egypt Min. Agr., Tech. and Sci. Serv. Bui. 207: 12-13, 26-31, 46-47.
—Butler and Dasch, 1958. Ariz. Agr. Expt. Sta., Tech. Bui. 135: 5-7.

Diplazon orbitalis (Cresson)
Northern Que. w. to n. Yukon and Alaska, s. to N. Y., n. Minn., w. S. Dak.,

N. Mex., and s. Calif.; Mexico. Host: Syrphus opinator 0. ♂.
Bassus orbitalis Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc Phila., Proc 4: 272. ♀.
Bassus cinctulus Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc 30: 375. ♂, ♀.
Bassus orbitalis Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 439. ♀. Preocc. by

Cresson, 1865.

Diplazon pectoratorius (Thunberg)
Newfoundland (insular and Labrador) w. to n. Alaska, s. to N. Y., s.

Mich., n. N. Mex., and n.e. Calif.; s. Mexico; Eurasia. Host: Trichopsomyia sp.
Ichneumon pectoratorius Thunberg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem.

8: 280; 9: 366. ♂.
Ichneuynon angiistorius Thunberg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem. 8:

280; 9: 366. ♀.
Bassus pectoratorius Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 333. cJ, 9. Preocc. in

Diplazon by Thunberg, 1822.
Bassiis pulchripes Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (5): 143. "♂"=♀.
Polysphincta pleuralis Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (10): 312. "cj" = 9.
Homocidus akaashii Uchida, 1931. In Takagi, Chosen Govt.-Gen., Forest Expt. Sta. Bui.

12: 24 (German), 50 (Japanese), "d" = 9.
Bassus urupensis Uchida, 1935. Insecta Matsumurana 9: 118. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Roman, 1912. Zool. Bidr. Upsala 1: 232-233, 271.

Diplazon scutellaris (Cresson)
Que. w. to s.e. Alta. and n. Oreg., s. to n. Ga., s. La., and n.e. Tex.; s.
Mexico. Host: Pseudodoros clavatus (F.).
Bassus sc2itellaris Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 112.

Diplazon tetragonus (Thunberg)
Newfoundland (Labrador) w. to n. Yukon and Alaska, s. to w. N. C,
Colo., and n.w. Calif.; Eurasia. Host: Syrphus ribesii (L.).
Ichneumon tetragonus Thunberg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem. 8:
280; 9: 365. [male].




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Ichneumon hortorius Thunberg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem. 8:

280; 9: 365. ♂.
Ichneumon ustorius Thunberg, 1822; 1824. Acad. Imp. des Sci. St. Petersburg, Mem. 8:

281; 8: 366. ♂.
Bassus tricinctus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 351. ♂.
Bassus neiHoralis Holmgren, 1858 (1856). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 1: 354. ♂.

9.
Bassus conciiimis Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 111. ♀.
Bassus aynoenus Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6 (1): 3 (key); 6 (2): 55. ♀.
Bassus albicoxus Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6 (1): 3 (key); 6 (2): 56. ♂.
Bassus albicomisO Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11: 273. Lapsus for B. albicoxus.
Diplazon tetragonus rufigaster Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 28. 6, 9. N. syn.;

range totally overlapped by what Dasch treated as the nominate subspecies.

Taxonomy: Roman, 1912. Zool. Bidr. Uppsala 1: 259, 282, 287.
tibiatorius occidentalis Dasch. Colo., Alta., Ariz., s. Yukon, B. C, w. Wash., s.e. Oreg., n.e.
Calif. D. tibiatorius tibiatorius (Thunberg) is Eurasian. The paratype of D. t.

Diplazon occidentalis
***authority mismatch
from "Valence" is a misidentified French specimen of the nominate
subspecies.
Diplazon tibiatorius occideiitalis Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 34.

Diplazon walleyi Dasch
Northern Man., arctic and subarctic w. N. W. T., s. Yukon.
Diplazon walleyi Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 23. ♂, ♀.

Genus PROMETHES Foerster

Promethes Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 162.

Type-species: Bassus sulcator Gravenhorst. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Woldstedt, 1877.
Liopsis Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 162.

Type-species: Bassus sulcator Gravenhorst. Monotypically included and desig. by
Viereck, 1912.
Promethus Thomson, 1890. Opusc. Ent. 14: 1465, 1475. Emend.

This small genus is Neotropic, Holarctic, and Oriental.

Promethes gravenhorsti Dasch
Newfoundland (insular), N. B., Mass., n. N. Y., n. Mich., Alta., interior
Alaska, B. C, n.w. Wash.; Japan? Host: Syrphids.
Promethes gravenhorsti Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 236. ♂, ♀.

Promethes nomininguis Dasch
Southern Que.

Promethes nomininguis Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 240. cJ, 9.

Promethes striatus Dasch
Western Pa., e. Ohio, n. Colo., n.w. Alta.

Promethes striatus Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 238.

Promethes sulcator (Gravenhorst)
Newfoundland (insular) and n. Que. w. to n. Yukon and Alaska, s. to
Pa., n. Ill, e. S. Dak., Colo., Ariz., and n.w. Calif.; Eurasia.
Bassus sulcator Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 320. ♂, ♀.
Bassus areolatus Holmgren, 1856 (1854). Svenska VetensL-Akad. Handl. 75: 85. ♂, ♀.
Bassiis longicomis Provancher, 1883. Nat. Canad. 14: 12. ♀.
Bassus aciculatus Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 368. ♀.

Preocc. by Ruthe, 1859.
Bassus auriculatus Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 429. ♀.
Promethes siilcator sple^ididus Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 236. 6, 9. N. syn.:
range completely overlapped by what Dasch treated as the nominate subspecies.

Genus SUSSABA Cameron

Sussaba Cameron, 1909. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, Jour. 19: 728.
Type-species: Sussaba bicarinata Cameron. Monotypic.

This is a moderate sized genus of Neotropic, Holarctic, and Oriental distribution.




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cognata faceta Dasch. N. S., Que., Maine, N. H., Vt., Mass., N. Y., w. N. C, n. Ga., Ont. n.
Mich., e. Tenn., Alaska, s. B. C, w. Wash., w. Oreg., n.w. Calif. Two more or less
sympatric Eurasian "subspecies" were recognized by Dasch (1964) and by Townes,
Momoi, and Townes (1965). They are S. cognata cognata (Holmgren), which was
described from southern Lapland, and S. cognata albicoxa (Thomson), which was
described from southern Sweden, Germany, and France.

Promethes albicoxis Ashmead, 1906. hi Slosson, Ent. News 17: 324. Nomen nudum or
lapsus for and misidentification of P. albicoxa Thomson.

Sussaba cognata faceta Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 265. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 414.

Sussaba coloradensis Dasch
Northern Colo. Known only from the holotype which was collected four

miles west of Cameron Pass, Colo, on July 23, 1894 by C. F. Baker.
Sussaba coloradensis Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 270. ♀.

Sussaba dorsalis
***authority mismatch
cultriformis (Ashmead). N. S. w. to s.e. Alta., s. to N. J., s.w. Va., and Nebr. Host:

Platycheirus erraticus Curran, Sphaerophoria philantnus (Meig.), syrphid on cabbage,

syrphid on reed canary grass. Single specimens apparently not otherwise separable from

d. cultriformis were recorded by Dasch from s.e. B. C, s. Yukon, and s.w. Alaska, well

within the range of the nominate subspecies.
Trematopygus^ cultriformis Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 441. ♀.

Sussaba dorsalis
***authority mismatch
dorsalis (Holmgren). Newfoundland (Labrador) w. to n. Yukon and Alaska, s. to

insular Newfoundland, s. central Que., n. Colo., and n. Calif.; Eurasia.
Bassus dorsalis Hobngren, 1858 (1856). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 1: 367. ♂, ♀.
Bassus maculatus Desvignes, 1862. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 10: 216. ♂, ♀.

Sussaba elongata (Provancher)
Newfoundland (n. Labrador) w. to n. Yukon and Alaska, s. to Vt., n.

Mich., Tex., N. Mex., n. Utah, and n. Calif.; Eurasia.
Bassus elongatus Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6 (1): 31 (key); 6 (2): 57. cJ, 9.
Bassus monticola Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1875. Pinacographia, p. 4 and pi. 1, fig. 9. ♂.
Promethus laticarpus Thomson, 1890. Opusc. Ent. 14: 1481. ♂, ♀.
Otoblastus erodens Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 273. ♂, ♀.
Promethes unicinctus Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 224. 9. Townes (1945)

stated that the holotype is a composite specimen, but I do not think he was correct;

therefore, his selection of the thorax as "lectotype" is of doubtful significance. Dasch

(1964) incorrectly stated that the type locality is "Berg Bay, Alaska;" it is Kukak Bay,

Alaska.
Promethes laticarpus watanabei Uchida, 1957. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Faculty Agr., Jour.

50: 248. 6, 9. Syn.? Dasch (1964) stated that he believed watanabei (described from

Hokkaido) to be a subspecies of elongatus, but he did not use either of the trinomials S.

elongatus watanabei or S. elongatus elongatus. Moreover, Dasch apparently also studied

typical specimens of elongata from Japan (see his p. 253).

Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 560. —Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst.,

Mem. 3: 242, 250-254.

Sussaba nigrithorax Dasch
Northern Que., n.e. N. W. T., Colo., Alaska. The Baker notebook indicates
that the female paratype cited by Dasch as "Colorado, C. Baker (Washington)" was
collected at an elevation of 9500 ft. at Chambers Lake, Colo, on July 18, 1895 by C. F.
and N. E. Baker. A male for which the same data apply is labeled by Dasch as a
paratype of nigrithorax but is evidently the specimen he cited as a paratype of

Sussaba pulchella
***authority mismatch
coriacea Dasch from "Colorado (no locality)." In addition, a specimen from
"Camp 334, Alaska" (a place at the east end of Mt. McKinley Natl. Park and now known
as Carlo) which Dasch labeled as a paratype of nigrithorax is cited in his revision as a
paratype of pulchella coriacea. If nigrithorax is a valid species and if the one paratype
of nigrithorax and two "paratypes" of pulchella coriacea discussed above are correctly
identified as nigrithorax they are apparently the only known specimens of this species
which were not collected above or beyond timberline.

Sussaba nigrithorax Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 249. ♂, ♀.

Sussaba placita Dasch
Southeastern B. C, n. Calif.

Sussaba placita Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 269. ♂, ♀.




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Sussaba pulchella
***authority mismatch
coriacea Dasch. P. E. I. s. to w. N. C, w. to n.w. Mich, and s.e. Minn. Dasch said "S.

Sussaba pulchella
***authority mismatch
coriacea is most closely related to nigrithorax ..."; nigrithorax has a range
which overlaps that known for S. pulchella pulchella (Holmgren) in North America (see
foregoing discussion of nigrithorax).
Sussaba pulchella coriacea Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 247. cJ, 9.

Sussaba pulchella
***authority mismatch
pulchella (Hohngren). Northern Que., N. W. T.; Europe; n. India.

Bassus pulckellus Holmgren, 1858 (1856). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 1: 366. ♂.

9.
Bass2is aciculatus Ruthe, 1859. Stettin. Ent. Ztg. 20: 373. ♀.
Sussaba bicarinata Cameron, 1909. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, Jour. 19: 728. ♀.

Sussaba punctiventris (Thomson)
Boreal Que. w. to s. Yukon, s. to Mass., n. Mich., Colo., Ariz., and
Oreg.; Europe.
Homotropus punctiventris Thomson, 1890. Opusc. Ent. 14: 1500. ♀.

Sussaba rohweri (Brues)
Southeastern Sask., s. Yukon, and Alaska, s. to N. Mex., Ariz., and n. Calif.;
Mexico. Host: Metasyrphus perplexus (Osb.). The occurrence of this species at Nome,
Alaska (on the Seward Peninsula) makes it highly probable that it will prove to be
Holarctic.
Promethes rohweri Brues, 1908. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 6: 51. ♂, ♀.

Sussaba rugipleuris
***authority mismatch
ellesmerae Dasch. Northern N. W. T. Known from a series of 67 specimens

collected at one locality on the eastern side of EUesmere Island. It seems unlikely that
this taxon could represent anything more than the end of a cline.
Sussaba rugipleuris ellesmerae Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 263. ♂, ♀.

Sussaba rugipleuris
***authority mismatch
rugipleuris Dasch. N. W. T., s.e. Wyo., n. Yukon, Alaska.

Sussaba rugipleuris rugipleuris Dasch, 1964. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 3: 262. ♂, ♀.

Subfamily OXYTORINAE

The subfamily Oxytorinae (= Micro leptinae) includes a number of genera about which so little
is known that their phylectic relationships with other ichneumonid genera are particularly in
doubt. Hence, their position in the classification of the family is somewhat a matter of specula-
tion. Oxytorus and Microleptes are two of these genera of doubtful affinities. Of the 24 genera
of Oxytorinae recognized by Townes (1971), 19 have Nearctic species. Species of some genera
have been reared from Mycetophilidae, but for most of the genera no hosts are known.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 179-206 (genera of world).

Genus MICROLEPTES Gravenhorst ^

Microleptes Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 1, p. 679.

Type-species: Microleptes splendidulus Gravenhorst. Monotypic.
Miomeris Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Reinlande, Verb. 25: 171.

Type-species: Miomeris aquisgranensis Foerster. Monotypically included and desig.
by Foerster, 1871.
Mionomeris Schulz, 1906. Spolia Hym., p. 94. Emend.
Gnathoniella Schmiedeknecht, 1924. Ent. Monthly Mag. 60: 47.

Type-species: Gnathoniella egregia Schmiedeknecht. Monotypic.
Microcleptes Walkley, 1967. In Krombein et ai, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, Sup. 2, p.
180. Unjustified emend. Mr. George Steyskal is of the opinion (personal commun., 1976)
that Hopper (1959) was correct in asserting that Gravenhorst's name Microleptes was a
lapsus in light of the Latin definition (meaning stealer of little things) which
Gravenhorst gave for the Greek words from which he derived Microleptes. However,
Steyskal feels that it is not provable that Gravenhorst's Greek word which
transliterates as leptes was a lapsus for cleptes rather than lestes (the latter meaning
the same thing). Therefore, the ichneumonid name Microcleptes must be treated as an
unjustified emendation and, therefore, does not date from Gravenhorst (1829) and is
preoccupied by Newman, 1840; Stal, 1866; and Simpson, 1928, instead of preoccupying
them.




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This is a small Holarctic genus. Townes (1971) said that "the relationships of Microleptes are
uncertain," and that "it may, or may not belong to the present subfamily."

Revision: Stelfox, 1961. Ent. Monthly Mag. 97: 181-182 (British spp.).

Taxonomy: Hopper, 1959. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 61: 166 (derivation of Microleptes).
—Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 183-184 (syn., etc.).

Microleptes splendidulus Gravenhorst
Eastern Que., s. Mich.

Microleptes splendidulus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 1, p. 679. ♀.
Miomeris glabriventris Thomson, 1888. Opusc. Ent. 12: 1317. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Stelfox, 1961. Ent. Monthly Mag. 97: 181-182.

Genus OXYTORUS Foerster

Delolytus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 189. It should be noted that
v. 25 of Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. was published in two halves; Delolytus
appeared in the first half and Oxytorus and Callidiotes appeared in the second half. If it
is subsequently shown that the first half was published before either the second half or
the authors separates of the entire paper, Delolytus could no longer be suppressed by
Oxytorus or Callidiotes.

Type-species: Mesoleptus coxator Gravenhorst. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Foerster, 1876. The type-species is regarded as a synonym of 0.
luridator (Gravenhorst).
Callidiotes Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 199.

Type-species: Mesoleptus coxator Gravenhorst. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Foerster, 1876.
Oxytorus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 199.

Type-species: Oxytorus armatus Thomson. By subsequent monotypy from inclusion
by Thomson, 1883.
Pantoporthus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 209.

Type-species: Ichneumon luridator Gravenhorst. Monotypically included and desig.
by Perkins, 1962.
Mesatractodes Morley, 1907. Brit. Ichn., v. 2, p. 257.

Type-species: Atractodes properator Haliday. Monotypic. The type-species is
regarded as a synonym of 0. luridator (Gravenhorst).
Paracanidia Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 42: 642.

Type-species: Paracanidia elyi Viereck. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Prosmoridea Cushman, 1915. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 17: 141.

Type-species: Prosmonis elongatus Davis. Monotypic and orig. desig. This is a
Holarctic genus of moderate size.

Oxytorus albopleuralis (Provancher)
Que. s. to S. C. and n. Ga., w. to Mich.

Mesoleptus albopleuralis Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11: 224. ♂.

Atractodes nitens Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13: 368. ♂, ♀.

ProsmosusV.) punctifrons Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 309. "♂"=♀.

Oxytorus antennatus (Cresson)
Que. s. to s. Ga., w. to Wis. and La.

Mesoleptus antennatus Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 272. ♂.

Mesoleptus facetus Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 100. ♂.

Mesoleptus rufomixtus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 97.

"9"= 6 {6 misdet).
Mesoleptus filifonnis Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 98. ♀.

Formerly preocc in Cryptus by Fonscolombe, 1850, and Rudow, 1886.
Exolytus concamerus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 356. ♀.
Cryptus Genelinii Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 573. N. name for M.filiformis

Provancher.
Paracanidia elyi Viereck, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 42: 643. ♀.

Oxytorus elongatus (Davis)
Southern Va., N. C, Tex.

ProsmosusV.) elongatus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 310. ♀.




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Genus HYPERACMUS Holmgren

Hyperacmus Holmgren, 1858 (1856). Svenska Vetensk. Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 1: 322.

Type-species: Exochus crassiconiis Gravenhorst. Monotypic.
Nothaima Cameron, 1902. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, Jour. 14: 429.

Type-species: Nothaima bicarinata Cameron. Monotypic.

This is a small Holarctic and Oriental genus.

Hyperacmus crassicornis (Gravenhorst)
N. Y., Alaska; Eurasia. Host: Yponomeuta malinella Zell. The
foregoing is a European host record of Meyer (1927); it needs confirmation.
Exochus crassicornis Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 347. ♀.

Biology: Meyer, 1927. [Leningrad] Gosud. Inst. Opytn. Agron. (State Inst. Expt. Agron.),
Otd. Prikl. Ent. (Bur. Appl. Ent.), Izv. (Rpts.), Trudy po Prikl. Ent. (Works on Appl. Ent.).
3:89.

Genus ENTYPOMA Foerster

Entyponia Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 171.

Type-species: Entypoma robustum Foerster. Monotypically included and desig. by
Foerster, 1871.
Entelechia Foerster, 1871. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 28: 110. Preocc. by Gistel, 1848.

Type-species: Entelechia snspiciosa Foerster. Monotypic.
Entypovius Thomson, 1888. Opusc. Ent. 12: 1289. Emend.
Entelechius Thomson, 1888. Opusc. Ent. 12: 1290. Emend.

This is a small Holarctic genus. According to Townes (1971), an undescribed species occurs in
"Arctic and Arctic-Alpine North America."

Taxonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 189-190.

Genus ALLOMACRUS Foerster

Alloinacnis Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 177.

Type-species: AUomacrus pimplarius Thomson. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Thomson, 1888.
Sibiriakoffia Holmgren, 1881 (1880). Novas Species Ins. Cura et Labore A. E.
Nordenskioldii e Novaia Semlia Coactorum, p. 13.

Type-species: Sibiriakoffia arctica Holmgren. Monotypic.

Two species are known, one being Holarctic and the other Japanese.

Allomacrus arcticus (Holmgren)
Colo., interior Alaska, B. C, Wash.; n. Eurasia.

Sibiriakoffia arctica Holmgren, 1881 (1880). Novas Species Ins. Cura et Labore A. E.

Nordenskioldii e Novaia Semlia Coactorum, p. 14. ♂, ♀.
Alloynacrus pimplarius Thomson, 1888. Opusc. Ent. 12: 1282.
Taxonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 190-191 (syn., distribution).

Genus APOCLIMA Foerster

Apoclima Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 171.

Type-species: Apoclima signaticonie Foerster. Monotypically included and desig. by
Foerster, 1871.

This is a small Neotropic, Holarctic, and Oriental genus. Apparently one or more unidentified
or undescribed species occur in the Nearctic region.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 191-192.

Genus CYLLOCERIA Schiodte

Cylloceria Schiodte, 1839 (1838). Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1: 140.

Type-species: Phytodietus caligatus Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Chalinocerus Ratzeburg, 1852. Ichn. d. Forstins., v. 3. p. 130.




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Type-species: Chalinocerus longicomis Ratzeburg. Monotypic. The type-species is
regarded as a synonym of C. melancholica (Gravenhorst).
Asphragis Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 166.

Type-species: Lissonota occupator Gravenhorst. Desig. by Viereck, 1914, from four
species included by Schmiedeknecht, 1888.
CkaliyiocerasV.) Ashmead, 1900. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 23: 166, 209.

This is a moderately large Holarctic and Neotropic genus.

Cylloceria lugubris (Cresson)
Colo., N. Mex., s.w. Alta., interior Alaska, B. C.

Lampro7iotaf lugubris Cresson, 1879 (1878). Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 30: 379. ♀.
Cylloceriafuscolina Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 371. ♂.

Cylloceria nodosa Walley
Northern Man., interior Alaska.

Cylloceria nodosa Walley, 1941. Canad. Ent. 73: 166. ♂, ♀.

Cylloceria sexlineata (Say)
Maine w. to s. B. C, s. to n. Fla., n.e. Kans., Colo., and Wash. Townes and
Townes (1951) believed that two or more species were confused under this name.
Anomalon sexlineata Say, 1829. Contrib. Maclurian Lyceum to Arts and Sci. 1: 74. ♀.
Cylloceria occidentalis Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 160. cJ, 9. Formerly

preocc. in Lampronota by Cresson, 1870, p. 161.
Lampronota sexcarinata Davis, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 30. ♀.
Lampronota errans Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 515. N. name for C. occidentalis

Cresson.
Lampronota aciculata Cameron, 1905. Invertebrata Pacifica 1: 129. ♀.

Taxonomy: Cushman and Gahan, 1921. Ent. Soc Wash., Proc. 23: 157. — Townes and Townes,
1951. In Muesebeck et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 342.

Genus ANISERES Foerster

Aniseres Foerster, 1871. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 28: 92.

Type-species: Aniseres pallipes Foerster. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.

This is a small Holarctic genus.

Aniseres lubricus Foerster
Greenland; Europe.

Aniseres lubricus Foerster, 1871. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 28: 93. ♂.

Aniseres spectabilis (Foerster)
Nearctic Region; Europe.

Aniseres pallipes Foerster, 1871. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 28: 93. ♂.

Proclitus spectabilis Foerster, 1871. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 28: 116. ♀.

Taxonomy: Thomson, 1888. Opusc Ent. 7: 1304 (syn.). —Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst.,
Mem. 17: 193 (distribution).

Genus PANTISARTHRUS Foerster

Pantisarthrus Foerster, 1871. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 28: 109.

Type-species: Pantisarthrus inaequalis Foerster. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.

This is a small Neotropic, Holarctic, and Oriental genus.

Pantisarthrus inaequalis Foerster
Que.?, N. Y., Ont.? Host: Mycetophilid.

Pantisarthrus inaequalis Foerster, 1871. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 28: 110. ♀.
Bassus dorsalis Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 112. ♀.
Preocc. by Holmgren, 1858. Described from either Que. or Ont.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 17: 194.

Genus PROCLITUS Foerster

Clepticus Haliday, 1838. Ann. Nat. Hist. 2: 116. Preocc by Cuvier, 1829.

Type-species: Clepticus praetor Haliday. Desig. by Westwood, 1840.
Proclitus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 172.

Type-species: Proclitus gra7idis Foerster. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.
Aclastoneura Kriechbaumer, 1896. Ent. Nachr. 22: 359.




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Type-species: Aclasto7ieura tricolor Kriechbaumer. Monotypic.
Mischoxorides Ashmead, 1900 Canad. Ent. 32: 368. N. name for Clepticus Haliday.

This is a large genus; it is apparently known from all zoogeographic regions including the Aus-
tralian Region (one Samoan sp.).

Proclitus longicaudus (Provancher)
Que., Maine, N. H., N. Y., N. J., N. C, Ga., Ala.
Cremastus longicaudus Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13: 367. ♂, ♀.

Proclitus royi (Provancher)
Que. s. to s. Ga.

Cremastus Royi Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13: 366. ♂, ♀.

Genus DIALIPSIS Foerster

Dialipsis Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 171.

Type-species: Dialipsis exilis Foerster. Desig. by Viereck, 1914, from seven species
included by Foerster, 1871.
Parentypoma Strobl, 1901 (1900). Siebenbuerg. Ver. f. Naturw., Hermannstadt, Verh. u.
Mitt. 50: 71.

Type-species: Parentypoma femoratum Strobl. Monotypic. The type-species is
regarded as a synonym of exilis Foerster.

According to Townes (1971) this is a Holarctic genus of moderate size. Presumably there are
one or more unidentified or undescribed Nearctic species.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 195-196.

Genus PLECTISCIDEA Viereck

Plectiscidea Viereck, 1914. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 83: 118.

Type-species: Plectiscus collaris Gravenhorst. Orig. desig.

This is a very large genus of Neotropic, Holarctic, Oriental, and Ethiopian distribution.

Plectiscidea arctica (Roman)
Greenland.

Plectiscus arcticus Roman, 1930. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 5: 284. ♀.

Plectiscidea carinata (Provancher)
Que., N. Y.

Orthocentrus carinatus Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11: 281. ♂.

Plectiscidea collaris (Gravenhorst)
Greenland; Eurasia.

Plectiscus collaris Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 287. ♀.

Plectiscidea glabrifrons (Davis)
Northern 111.

Catastenus glabrifrons Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 342. ♂.

Plectiscidea humeralis (Provancher)
Que., B. C, w. Wash.

Mesochorus humeralis Provancher, 1883. Nat. Canad. 14: 4. ♀.

Plectiscidea hyperborea (Holmgren)
Greenland; Eurasia.

Plectiscus hyperboreus Holmgren, 1869. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 8 (pt. 5): 21.
6, 9.

Plectiscus bistriatus Thomson, 1888. Opusc. Ent. 12: 1299. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Roman, 1916. Archiv for Zool. 10 (22): 9.

Plectiscidea lurida (Foerster)
Greenland; Europe.

Pantisarthrus luridus Foerster, 1871. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 28: 100. ♀.

Plectiscidea nasoni (Davis)
N. Y., n. 111.

Miomeris nasoni Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 244. ♀.

Miomeris naso7iii Dalla Torre, 1901. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 20. Emend.

Plectiscidea nigra (Provancher)
Que.

Plectiscus niger Provancher, 1883. Nat. Canad. 14: 6. ♂, ♀.

Plectiscidea orcae (Ashmead)
N. H., N. Y., Alaska.

Plectiscus orcae Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 240. ♀.

Plectiscidea parva (Cushman)
N. H.

AperilaptusO) parvus Ashmead, 1897. In Slosson, Ent. News 8: 237. Nomen nudum.

Plectiscus parvus Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (8): 22. ♀.




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Plectiscidea patula (Viereck)
N. H., N. Mex., Wash.

Mesochorus areolatus Viereck, 1903. bi Skinner, Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 92. ♀. Preocc.

by Provancher, 1883.
Mesochonis patulus Viereck, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 40: 192. N. name for M.

areolatus Viereck.

Genus APERILEPTUS Foerster

Aperileptus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 170.

Type-species: Plediscus albipalpus Gravenborst. Included and desig. by Foerster,
1871.

Tbis is a moderately large genus, apparently of Neotropic, Holarctic, Oriental, and Ethiopian
distribution.

Aperileptus gracilis
***authority mismatch
(Provancber). Que., Maine, N. H., N. Y.

Phytodietus gracilis Provancber, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 331. ♀.

Proednis delicatus Asbmead, 1897. hi Slosson, Ent. News 8: 237. Nomen nudum.

Aperileptus dypeatus Asbmead, 1902. In Slosson, Ent. News 13: 6. Nomen nudum.

AperiletusV.) dypeatus Cusbman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (8): 4. ♀.

Aperileptus delicatus Cusbman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (8): 5. ♀.
Valerius (Davis). N. Y., n. 111.

Catasteniis Valerius Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 243. ♀.

Genus BLAPTICUS Foerster

Gnathochorisis Foerster, 1868. Naturb. Ver. Rbeinlande, Verb. 25: 152.

Type-species: Gnathochorisis flavipes Foerster. Monotypically included and desig.
by Foerster, 1871.
Blapiicus Foerster, 1868. Naturb. Ver. Reinlande, Verb. 25: 171.

Type-species: Blapticus leucostomus Foerster. Monotypically included and desig. by
Foerster, 1871.
Laepserus Foerster, 1868. Naturb. Ver. Rbeinlande, Verb. 25: 205.

Type-species: Blapticus crassulus Thomson. Included and desig. by Perkins, 1962.
Acroblapticus Schmiedeknecht, 1911. Opusc. Icbn., v. 4, p. 2173.

Type-species: Blapticus dentifer Thomson. Desig. by Viereck, 1914.

Townes (1971) said that tbis is a large genus, which is known from all regions except the Aus-
traHan. According to Townes and Townes (1951) undescribed Nearctic species of tbis genus are
transcontinental in the Canadian and Transitional Zones.

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1951. hi Muesebeck et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2:
342. —Perkins, 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 11: 410, 425, 434 (syn.). —Townes,
1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 200-201.

Genus SYMPLECIS Foerster

Symplecis Foerster, 1868. Naturb. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 151.

Type-species: Symplecis alpicola Foerster. Desig. by Viereck, 1914, from three
species included by Foerster, 1871.

Tbis is a large genus, apparently of Neotropic, Holarctic, Oriental, and Ethiopian distribution.

Symplecis clipeator (Lundbeck)
Greenland.

Hemiteles clipeator Lundbeck, 1897 (1896). Dansk Naturbist. For. (Kjobenbavn), Vidensk.
Meddel. (for 1896), p. 228. ♂.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 106.

Symplecis sitkensis
***authority mismatch
(Asbmead). N. H., Alaska, B. C, Wash.

Stiboscopus sitkensis Asbmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 172. ♂.

Genus CATASTENUS Foerster

Catastenus Foerster, 1868. Naturb. Ver. Rbeinlande, Verb. 25: 170




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Type-species: Catastenus femoralis Foerster. Monotypically included and desig. by
Foerster, 1871.

Townes (1971) indicated that Catastenus could be regarded as an aberrant section (a species
group?) of Syyuplecis; he maintained its generic status pending further development of the clas-
sification of the subfamily.

This is a small Holarctic and Ethiopian genus. Townes and Townes (1951) said that
"undescribed Nearctic species of this genus are transcontinental in the Transitional Zone." How-
ever, Townes (1971) said that it is an unresolved question whether there are in the Holarctic Re-
gion a number of closely related species or just a single variable one.

Taxonomy: Townes and Townes, 1951. In Muesebeck et al., U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2:
342. —Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 202.

Genus EUSTERINX Foerster

Holomeristus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 171.

Type-species: Holomeristus tenuicinctus Foerster. Monotypically included and
desig. by Foerster, 1871.
Eiisterinx Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 172.

Type-species: Eusterinx oligomera Foerster. Desig. by Viereck, 1914 from nineteen
species included by Foerster, 1871.
Trestis Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 174.

Type-species: Trestis tricincta Ashmead. By subsequent monotypy from inclusion
by Ashmead, 1902.
Ischyracis Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 175. Apparently, Horstmann
(1974) regarded Ischyracis as distinct from Eusterinx.

Type-species: Catomicnis alpigenus Strobl. Monotypically included and desig. by
Perkins, 1962. The type-species is regarded as a synonym of Eusterinx bispinosa
(Strobl), n. comb.
Catomicnis Thomson, 1888. Opusc. Ent. 12: 1291.

Type-species: Catomicnis trichops Thomson. Monotypic. The type-species is
regarded as a synonym of E. pusilla (Zetterstedt).
Dallatorrea Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 205.

Type-species: Dallatorrea annata Ashmead. Monotypic.
Stroblia Schmiedeknecht, 1911. Opusc. Ichn., v. 4, p. 2182. Preocc. by Pokorny, 1893.

Type-species: Catomicrus alpigenus Strobl. Monotypic.
Acantkostroblia Roman, 1925. Arkiv for Zool. 17A (4): 21. N. name for Stroblia

Schmiedeknecht.
C ymodusoides Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57: 74.

Type-species: Cymodusoides gracilis Viereck. Orig. desig.

This is a large genus apparently known from the Nootropic, Holarctic, Oriental, and Ethiopian
Regions.

Eusterinx armata (Ashmead)
N. Y., N. C, Ont., Alaska, Wash., Oreg., Calif.

Dallatorrea annata Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 205. ♂.

Cymodusoides plesius Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57: 74. ♀.

Eusterinx gracilis (Viereck)
Que.

Cymodusoides gracilis Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57: 74. 2.
oligomers Foerster. N. H., N. Y., Pa.; Europe.

Eiisterinx oligomera Foerster, 1871. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 28: 109. ♂, ♀.

Diatora compressa Ashmead, 1902. In Slosson, Ent. News 13: 320. Nomen nudum.

Polyaulon compressum Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (8): 24. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 204 (syn.).

Eusterinx rufula (Provancher)
Que., N. H., N. Y., N. J.

Phygadeuon rufulus Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11: 76. 9. Possibly preocc. secondarily
in Phygadeuon by Gmelin, 1790.

Eusterinx tenuicincta (Foerster)
Que., N. H., Vt., N. Y., Ohio, n. Mich.; Europe.

Holomeristus tenuicinctus Foerster, 1871. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 28: 81. ♀.




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Mesoleptus fungicola Ashmead, 1894. hi Webster, Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist., Jour. 17: 50.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 204 (syn.). ■

Eusterinx trifasciata (Ashmead)
Alaska; e. U. S. S. R. W

Catastenus trifasciatus Ashmead, 1899 (1898). In Jordan, Fur Seals and Fur-Seal Isls. No.
Pacific, V. 4, p. 336. 9 . The type locality is Ostrov Mednyy (= Copper Isl), Commander ||

Isls., U. S. S. R. n

ThestisV.) tricincta Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 187. ♀.
Catastenus alaskensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 240. ♂, ♀.

Genus HELICTES Haliday

Helictes Haliday, 1837. In Curtis, Guide Arrang. Brit. Ins., ed. 2, p. 106.

Type-species: Ichneumon erythrostoma Gmelin. Desig. by Westwood, 1840.
Myriarthrus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 172, 218. Unnecessarily

proposed n. name for Helictes Haliday.
Paipila Cameron, 1905. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 30: 358.

Type-species: Paipila longipes Cameron. Monotypic.

This is a large genus; it is Holarctic and Neotropic, the majority of the species occuring in
ChUe and the Andes Mts.

Helictes ruficornis Davis
N. Y., n. 111.

Helictes ruficornis Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 245. "♂"=♀.

Genus MEGASTYLUS Schiodte

Megastylus Schiodte, 1839 (1838). Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1: 139.

Type-species: Megastylus cruentator Schiodte. Desig. by Foerster, 1871.
Idioxenus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 171.

Type-species: Megastylus mediator Schiodte. Included and desig. by Foerster, 1871.
The type-species is regarded as a synonym of M. cruentator Schiodte.
Dicolus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 171.

Type-species: Dicolus insectator Foerster. Desig. by Viereck, 1914, from four
species included by Foerster, 1871. The type-species is regarded as a synonym of
M. impressor Schiodte.
Megalostylus Schulz, 1906. Spolia Hym., p. 94. Emend.
Letosha Cameron, 1909. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, Jour. 19: 724.
Type-species: Letosha longicoxis Cameron. Monotypic.
Myriarthridea Viereck, 1914. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 83: 97.

Type-species: Myriarthrus cingulator Foerster. Orig. desig.
Miomeroides Kiss, 1924. Siebenbuerg. Ver. f. Naturw., Hermannstadt, Verb. u. Mitt. 72-74:
113.

Type-species: Miomeroides transsylvanicus Kiss. Monotypic. This is a very large
Genus of Neotropic, Holarctic, Oriental, and Ethiopian distribution. The largest
concentration of species is said to occur in the Neotropic Region.
caseyi (Ashmead). N. Y., N. J., Pa., Del., Va., e. N. C, n.e. Ga. Host: Orfelia inops (Coq.).

Spanotecnus caseyi Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 196. ♂.
flavopictus (Gravenhorst). Que., N. H., Ont., Wis., n. 111., Minn., n. Utah., s. Calif.; Europe.
Plectiscus flavopictus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 983. [male].
Megastylus lineator Schiodte, 1839 (1838). Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1: 139. "♀"=♂.
Myriarthrus Cingulator Foerster, 1871. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 28: 103. ♂, ♀.
Mesoleptus (Megastylus/) albocollaris Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 100. 9. N.

syn.
Orthocentrus albofasciatus Provancher, 1883. Nat. Canad. 14: 13. ♀. N. syn.
Aperileptus pleuralis Ashmead, 1902. In Slosson, Ent. News 13: 321. Nomen nudum.
Megastylus ashmeadi Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (8): 18. ♀. N. syn.




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Taxonomy: Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 246. — Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc,
Mem. 11: 540 (syn.). —Townes and Townes, 1951. In Muesebeck et al., U. S. Dept. Agr.,
Agr. Monog. 2: 343. — Rossem, 1974. Tijdschr. v. Ent. 117: 278-279 (syn.).

Subfamily ORTHOCENTRINAE

The size of this subfamily is moderate; although only seven genera are currently recognized,
three of them are large and two are moderately large. According to Townes (1971) most of the
species occurring outside the Holarctic Region are undescribed. Some of the species synonymy
indicated in the unpublished revision of Smith (1958) was pubhshed by Smith (1965); in cases
where they appear reliable unpublished species synonymies and changes in species nomencla-
ture indicated by Smith in her dissertation are published here (the majority of which involve
types in the U. S. Natl. Museum collection). Mycetophilidae are apparently the usual hosts.

Revision: Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 219-226. —Smith, 1958. Rev. Subfam.
Orthocentrinae Amer. No. of Mexico; unpublished Ph. D. dissertation, Univ. of Wis., 373
pp., 8 pi. (261 figs.).

Taxonomy: Smith, 1965. In Townes, Momoi, and Townes, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 398, 399,
400, 401, 402, 403. —Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 208-216 (genera of world).

Genus ORTHOCENTRUS Gravenhorst

Orthocentnis Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 358.

Type-species: Orthocentnis fiilvipes (jravenhorst. Desig. by Westwood, 1840.
Tapmops Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 160.

Type-species: Orthocentrus califomicus Ashmead. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Ashmead, 1896.
Atmetus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 160.

Type-species: Atnietus tetrazonatus Ashmead. Desig. by Viereck, 1914, from three
species included by Ashmead, 1896.
Phaenosemus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 160.

Type-species: Phaenosemus sHkensis Ashmead. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Ashmead, 1902.
Exochiscus Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 96.

Type-species: Exochiscus pusillus Walsh. Monotypic.
Pachyonyx Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 100. Nomen nudum (published in

synonymy).
Pachyonyx Viereck, 1914. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 83: 108. Preocc. by Schoenherr, 1837.

Type-species: Orthocentrus trifasciatus Walsh. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Orthocentrellus Benoit, 1954. Rev. de Zool. et de Bot. Africaines 50: 1.

Type-species: Orthocentrellus elongaticomis Benoit. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This large genus is worldwide in distribution. According to Townes (1971) it includes most of
the larger species of the subfamily.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 211-212.

Orthocentrus asper (Gravenhorst)
Que. w. to Yukon and Alaska, s. to S. C, Kans., Colo., Ariz., and Calif.;
Europe.
Exochus asper Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 1, p. 694. [female].
Orthocentrus discolor Holmgren, 1858 (1856). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 1: 332.

6, 9.
Phaenosemus sitkensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 231. ♂.

Taxonomy: Pfankuch, 1913. Deut. Ent. Ztschr. (for 1913), p. 180 (syn.). -Townes, 1971.
Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 209 (syn.).

Orthocentrus cupulatus Smith
N. W. T., Alaska; e. U. S. S. R.

Atmetus insularis Ashmead, 1899 (1898). In Jordan, Fur Seals and Fur-Seal Isls. No.
Pacific, V. 4, p. 337. ♂. Preocc. in Orthocentrus by Ashmead, 1894. The type locality is
Ostrov Mednyy (=Copper Isl.), Commander Isls., U. S. S. R.
Orthocentrus cupulatus Smith, 1965. In Townes, Momoi, and Townes, Amer. Ent. Inst.,
Mem. 5: 399. N. name for A. iyisularis Ashmead.




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Taxonomy: Roman, 1909. In Hamberg, Naturw. Untersuch. Sarekgebirges
Schwedish-Lappland, v. 4, p. 352 (syn.)- —Smith, 1958. Rev. Subfam. Orthocentrinae Amer.
No. of Mexico; unpublished Ph. D. dissertation, Univ. of Wis., p. 153, 157-158.

Orthocentrus decoratus Townes
Calif.

Atmetus califomicus Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 204. ♀. Preocc. in

Orthocentrus by Ashmead, 1890.
Orthocentrus decoratus Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 546. N. name for A.

califomicus Ashmead.

Orthocentrus frontator (Zetterstedt)
N. S. w. to Yukon and Alaska, s. to Ga., Kans., Colo., and n.e. Calif.;

Eurasia.
Tryphon frontator Zetterstedt, 1838. Insecta Lapponica Hym., p. 389. [female].
Exochiscus pusillus Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 97. "♂"=♀.
Alomya abdominalis Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (4): 121. ♂, ♀. N. syn.
Orthocentrus Canadensis Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7 (5): 142. ♂. N. syn.
Orthocentrus califomicus Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 12: 442. ♀. N. syn.
Orthocentrus medialis Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 224. ♀. N. syn.
Camerotops(l) asperus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 226. ♀. N. syn.
Atmetus pectoralis Ashmead, 1906. In Slosson, Ent. News 17: 324. Nomen nudum.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 209 (syn.).

Orthocentrus fulvipes Gravenhorst
Nearctic Region; Eurasia. Nearctic localities were not indicated by
Townes (1971).
Orthocentrus fulvipes Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 363. ♂.
Orthocentrus carinatus Uchida, 1932. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Faculty Agr., Jour. 33: 211. ♂.

Preocc. by Provancher, 1879.
Orthocentrus badifrons Uchida, 1942. Insecta Matsumurana 16: 125. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Smith, 1965. In Townes, Momoi, and Townes, 1965. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 399
(syn.). —Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 209 (syn.).

Orthocentrus repentinus Holmgren
Greenland; Europe.

Orthocentrus repentinus Holmgren, 1858 (1856). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 1:
327.
Taxonomy: Roman, 1930. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 5: 284.

Orthocentrus rugulosus (Provancher)
Que.

Glypta mgulosa Provancher, 1883. Nat. Canad. 14: 14. "cj" = 9 ? Smith (1958) said that
the sex of the lectotype was uncertain, but more likely to be female than male.

Taxonomy: Smith, 1958. Rev. Subfam. Orthocentrinae Amer. No. of Mexico; unpublished Ph.
D. dissertation, Univ. of Wis., p. 92-94, 357.

Orthocentrus spurius Gravenhorst
N. S. w. to N. W. T. and Alaska, s. to Maine, Mich., Colo., and Calif.;
Eurasia.
Orthocentrus spurius Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 362. ♀.
Orthochentrus protuberans Holmgren, 1858 (1856). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.)
1:333. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Smith, 1965. In Townes, Momoi, and Townes, Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 5: 400
(syn.).

Orthocentrus stigmaticus Holmgren
Newfoundland (Labrador) w. to Alaska, s. to S. C, La., Colo., Ariz., and
Calif.; Eurasia.
Orthocentrus stigntaticus Holmgren, 1858 (1856). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. F.) 1:

325. ♂, ♀.
Orthocentms stigmaticus Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 101. "♀"=♂.
Orthocentrus stigmaticus f. borealis Roman, 1915. In Spengel, Zool. Jahrb., Abt. f.
System., Geog., u. Biol. Tiere 39: 92. i, 9. Syn.?

Taxonomy: Roman, 1925. Ent. Meddel. 14: 425. —Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17:
209 (syn.).

Orthocentrus tetrazonatus (Ashmead)
N. S. w. to Alaska, s. to S. C, Ala., Colo., Utah, and Calif.
Atmetus tetrazonatus Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 204. ♀.




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Orthocentrus trifasciatus Walsh
111.?

Orthocentrus trifasciatus Walsh, 1873. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 3: 100. ♂, ♀.

Genus PICROSTIGEUS Foerstcr

Picrostigeus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 159.

Type-species: Orthocentrus setiger Brischke. Desig. by Viereck, 1912, from three
species included by Thomson, 1897.

This is a small Holarctic genus. Smith (1958) indicated that there are four undescribed Nearc-
tic species.

Taxonomy: Smith, 1958. Rev. Subfam. Orthocentrinae Amer. No. of Mexico; unpublished Ph.
D. dissertation, Univ. of Wis., p. 181-192."

Genus STENOMACRUS Foerster

Synoplus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 159.

Type-species: Synoplus brevipennis Ashmead. Desig. by Viereck, 1902, from two
species included by Ashmead, 1902.
Mnesidacus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 159.

Type-species: Mnesidacus apicalis Ashmead. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Ashmead, 1896.
Hypoleptus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 159.

Type-species: Hypoleptus columbianus Ashmead. By subsequent monotypy from
inclusion by Ashmead, 1896.
Deleter Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 160.

Type-species: Deleter obscurus Davis. Desig. by Viereck, 1914, from three species
included by Davis, 1897.
Stenomacrus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 160.

Type-species: Orthocentrus silvaticus Holmgren. Desig. by Viereck, 1912, from 37
species included by Thomson, 1898.
Camaratops Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 160.

Type-species: Neurateles ulmicola Ashmead. Desig. by Viereck, 1914, from four
species included by Davis, 1897.

This is a large genus of worldwide distribution.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 212-213 (syn.).

Stenomacrus americanus (Ashmead)
Newfoundland (Labrador) w. to B. C, s. to Md., Ill, Kans., Colo., and
Calif.

Neuratelus americanus Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 203. 2.

Deleter obscurus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 221. ♂.

Stenomacrus brevipennis (Ashmead)
Alaska. Ecology: Smith (1958) studied 35 females collected on flowers
of Senecio.

Synoplus brevipennis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 226. ♀.

Synoplus pleuralis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 227. ♀.

Hypoleptus glacialis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 228. " Ashmead said: "Type. —Cat. No. 5673, ...Muir Inlet [Alaska], June 12." The only
specimens to be found in the U. S. Natl. Museum collection bearing type no. 5673 are
two conspecific males from St. Paul Isl, Alaska; one of these bears Ashmead's label
identifying it as a male of Hypoleptus glacialis. No specimens from Muir Inlet match
the original description and none bear an Ashmead label identifying them as H.
glacialis.

Biology: Smith, 1958. Rev. Subfam. Orthocentrinae Amer. No. of Mexico; unpublished Ph. D.
dissertation, Univ. of Wis., p. 308.

Stenomacrus californicus (Ashmead)
Newfoundland (Labrador) w. to B. C, s. to Md., Kans., Colo., Ariz.,
and Calif. Host: "Cecidomyia on Salix scouleriana was.flavescens."
Brephoctonus californicus Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 202. ♂.




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Taxonomy: Smith, 1958. Rev. Subfam. Orthocentrinae Amer. No. of Mexico; unpublished Ph.
D. dissertation, Univ. of Wis., p. 316-322.

Stenomacrus columbianus (Ashmead)
Que., N. W. T., and Yukon, s. to Va., Ill, Colo., and Wash.

Hypoleptus columbianus Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 203. ♂.

Stenomacrus dubiosus (Ashmead)
Colo., Alaska.

Neurateles dubiosus Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 228. ♂.

Stenomacrus femoralis (Holmgren)
Newfoundland (Labrador), N. W. T., Yukon, and Alaska, s. to Va., 111.,

Colo., Ariz., and Oreg.; Eurasia.
Orthocentrus silvaticus Holmgren, 1858 (1856). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 1:

342. Orthocentrus femoralis Holmgren, 1858 (1856). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 1:

346. ♂, ♀.
Orthocentrus nigricoxis Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 369.

9.
MyiesidaeusV.) apicalis Ashmead, 1898. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 202. ♀.
Atjuetus nigritus Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 204. ♀. N. syn.
Stenomacrus intritus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 225. ♂. N. syn.
Stenojnacrus borealis Ashmead, 1899 (1898). In Jordan, Fur Seals and Fur-Seal Isls. No.

Pacific, V. 4, p. 338. ♀. N. syn.
Deleter flavifrons Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 229. ♂. N. syn.
Orthocentrus nigritus Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 231. ♂. Preocc. in

Steywmacrus by Ashmead, 1896. N. syn.

Taxonomy: Smith, 1958. Rev. Subfam. Orthocentrinae Amer. No. of Mexico; unpublished Ph.

D. dissertation, Univ. of Wis., p. 223-231. — Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 209.

Stenomacrus hastatus Davis
Northern Calif. Known only from the holotype which was collected in Siskiyou
Co., Calif.

Stenomacrus hastatus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 225. ♀.

Stenomacrus kincaidi (Ashmead)
Southwestern Alaska.

Deleter kincaidi Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 229. ♂, ♀.

Stenomacrus laticollis (Holmgren)
Greenland; n.w. Asia.

Orthocentrus laticollis Holmgren, 1883. Ent. Tidskr. 4: 158. ♀.

Stenomacrus mellipes (Provancher)
Que. Known only from the lectotype.

Bassus mellipes Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 429. ♀.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 551 (syn.). —Smith, 1958. Rev. Subfam.

Orthocentrinae Amer. No. of Mexico; unpublished Ph. D. dissertation, Univ. of Wis., p.

322-324.

Stenomacrus monticola (Cushman)
Newfoundland (Labrador), N. W. T., and Alaska, s. to N. Y., Colo., and
Wash.

Hypoleptus monticola Ashmead, 1897. In Slosson, Ent. News 8: 237. Nomen nudum.

Hypolepusd) alticola Ashmead, 1906. hi Slosson, Ent. News 17: 324. Nomen nudum.

Hypoleptus monticola Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 61 (8): 16. ♀.

Stenomacrus premitus (Davis)
Que. w. to Yukon and Alaska, s. to Fla., Ill, Colo., and Wash.

Camerotopsd) premitus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 226. "♂"=♀.

Phaenosemus alticola Ashmead, 1897. In Slosson, Ent. News 8: 237. Nomen nudum.

Camarotops kodiakensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc 4: 232. ♀. N. syn.

Brephoctonus hygrotrecha Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey
Bui. 22:305. ♂, ♀. N. syn.

Stenomacrus alticola Cushman, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 61 (8): 27. ♀.

Taxonomy: Smith, 1958. Rev. Subfam. Orthocentrinae Amer. No. of Mexico; unpublished Ph.
D. dissertation, Univ. of Wis., p. 309-314.

Stenomacrus terebrator Roman
Greenland.

Stenomacrus terebrator Roman, 1934. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 14: 608. ♀.

Stenomacrus ulmicola (Ashmead)
N. H. s. to Fla., w. to Wis., Iowa, Kans., and Okla. Host: "Leaf miner on
elm."
Brephoctonus fla vosus Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 202. ♂.




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Neurateles ulmicola Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 203. ♀.
Neurateles liriodendri Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 203.

Stenomacrus undulatus (Davis)
Northern 111.

Deleter undulatus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 221. ♀ (♂ misdet.).

Genus LEIPAULUS Townes

Leipaulus Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 552.

Type-species: Deleter suffuscus Davis. Monotypic and orig. desig.

This is a genus of moderate size; Townes (1971) had seen 20 species. The genus is known from
the Holarctic, Oriental, Australian, and Ethiopian Regions. There is at least one undescribed
Nearctic species.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1958. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc 60: 221 (syn.). —Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent.
Inst., Mem. 17: 215 (name resurrected).

Leipaulus ridibundus (Gravenhorst)
Nearctic Region; Europe.

Orthocentrus ridibundus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 366. ♂.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 17: 215 (distribution).

Leipaulus suffuscus (Davis)
N. S. w. to B. C, s. to S. C, La., Colo., Ariz., and Calif.
Deleter suffuscus Davis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 221. ♂.

Genus PLECTISCUS Gravenhorst

Plectiscus Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 978.

Type-species: Plectiscus impurator Gravenhorst. Desig. by Westwood, 1840.
Brepkoctonus Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 159.

Type-species: Plectiscus impurator Gravenhorst. Monotypically included and desig.
by Foerster, 1871.

According to Townes (1971) this genus is Neotropic, Holarctic, and Oriental; 15 species were
known to him, 14 of them being either undescribed or unidentified.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1958. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 60: 221. —Townes, 1971. Amer. Ent. Inst.,
Mem. 17: 215-216.

Genus NEURATELES Ratzeburg

Neurateles Ratzeburg, 1848. Ichn. d. Forstins., v. 2, p. 86.

Type-species: Neurateles papyraceus Ratzeburg. Monotypic.
NeuratelusV.) Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 159, 218.

This is a Neotropic and Holarctic genus of moderate size.

Neurateles alaskensis (Ashmead)
n. comb. N. H., N. W. T., Colo., Alta., Alaska.

Hypoleptus alaskensis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 227. 9 (d misdet.). A
female in the U. S. Natl. Museum collection is here selected as lectotype It is labeled
"8-22, [18]97, St. Paul Isl., Alaska, Type No. 5672, Hypoleptus alaskensis Ashm. [written
by Ashmead], Lectotype, Hypoleptus alaskensis Ashmead, Revision L. K. Smith
[written by Lois K. Smith]."

Taxonomy: Townes, 1945. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 11: 549 (identification apparently based on
a specimen which was then a syntype). —Smith, 1958. Rev. Subfam. Orthocentrinae Amer.
No. of Mexico; unpublished Ph. D. dissertation, Univ. of Wis., p. 350-352.

Neurateles leucopsis (Ashmead)
Colo.

Orthocentrus leucopsis Ashmead, 1890. Colo. Biol. Assoc, Bui. 1: 24. ♂.

Unplaced Taxa of Ichneumonidae

Anomalon laterale BruUe, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 175. ♀.
"L'Amerique sept.; Bastard."

Taxonomy: Townes, 1961. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 104.
Asymmictus nigrofrons Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 325. 9. "Agricultural
College, Michigan."




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Atradodes provancheri Dalla Torre, 1902. Cat. Hym., v. 3, p. 723. N. name for A. singularis

Provancher (which see).
Atradodes rufipes Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 151. 6, 9. Que.

Taxonomy: Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 551.
Atradodes singularis Provancher, 1876. Nat. Canad. 8: 328. 6. Que. Preocc. by Foerster, 1876;
replaced by A. provancheri Dalla Torre (which see).

Taxonomy: Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 568.
Bassus areolatiis Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6 (1): 31 (key);.6 (2): 58. ♀. Preocc. by
Holmgren, 1856.

Taxonomy: Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 428-429.
Campoplex^ Ardicus Curtis, 1853. In Ross, Narrative of Second Voyage in Search of a No.-W.
Passage 1829-33, App., p. Ixii. sex not indicated. Arctic America.

Taxonomy: Townes, 1%1. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 63: 105.
Cratidineiimon Davisi Bradley, 1904. Ztschr. System. Hym. Dipt. 4: 107. 9. Colo.
Cremastus piceus Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 176. 9. Bosque Co., Tex. The

holotype was presumably to have been deposited in the U. S. Natl. Museum collection,

but has not been found.

Taxonomy: Cresson, 1916. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 1: 49.

Habronyx^ flavistigma Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 362. 6. N. Y.

Hemiteles cindiconiis Ashmead, 1890. Colo. Biol. Assoc, Bui. 1: 21. 9. Colo. Host: Apanteles
laeviceps Ash. The type locality was stated to be Cusack Ranch, but the type specimens
of Apanteles laeviceps (described by Ashmead in the same paper) are labeled: West
Cliff, Colo.

Hemiteles texanus Ashmead, 1890 (1889). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 12: 404. 9. Tex. No type

specimen can be found; the species was entered by Ashmead in the U. S. Natl. Museum
type catalog under no. 2011, and may have been so labeled by Ashmead, because in his
manuscript for his 1900 work on the classification of Ichneumonoidea Ashmead recorded
the name of the species and its type catalog number.

Ichneumon paradoxus Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13 (no. 154): 306 (key); 13 (no. 155): 325.
9. Que.

Taxonomy: Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 526-527.
Ichneumon quadri-pimdatus Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 33.
6. Ont. Preocc by Schrank, 1871.

Taxonomy: Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 539.
Limneria illepida Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 172. i. Tex.
Mesoleptus fasciatus Provancher, 1885. Canad. Ent. 17: 116. 6. Southwestern B. C.

Taxonomy: Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 469.
Mesostenus nifotindus Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 301. S. Que.

Taxonomy: Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 555.
Orthocentrus lucens Provancher, 1879. Nat. Canad. 11: 280. 9. Que.

Taxonomy: Smith, 1958. Rev. Subfam. Orthocentrinae Amer. No. of Mexico; unpublished Ph.
D. dissertation, Univ. of Wis., p. 360-361. —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 500.
Pezomachus thripites Taylor, 1860. Amer. Agr. 19: 300. 9. No locality.
Phygadeuon excavatus Provancher, 1874. Nat. Canad. 6: 285. 9. Que.

Taxonomy: Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 468.

Tryphon exobscurus Walkley, 1958. In Krombein, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, sup. 1, p. 62.
Unnecessary n. name for Stilpnus obscurus Cresson (which see).

Stilp7ius obscurus Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 259. 6. Colo. Formerly preocc.

secondarily in Tryphon by T. obscurus Stephens, 1835. The replacement name Tryphon
exobscurus Walkley (which see) was proposed while S. obscurus stood as "Tryphon
obscurus (Cresson)" among the unplaced species of Ichneumonidae; therefore, T.
exobscunis is an unnecessarily proposed replacement name.




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Unplaced Nomina Nuda of Ichneumonidae

The following nomina nuda are not placeable in the synonymy of described species because
they have not been associated with particular specimens since they were pubHshed. Most of
them probably pertain to specimens which by now have been destroyed.

Unplaceable nomina nuda published by Harris (1835): Cryptus antiulipes, C. attractus, C. bn-
cephalus, C. calceatus, C. cardinalis, C. clijta, C. crescentiis, C. ectypus, C.facetus, C.facUis, C.
isochroimis, C. laxus, C. leucoielus, C. mellipes, C. palmapectus, C. pleuriticus, C. polyspeims,
C. recurvulus, C. spinulosus, C. subspinosus, C. tennellulus, C. versicolor. Ichneumon
(Ichneumon) ales, I. (I.) anxifer, I. (Trogns) atratus, I. (/.) bacuius, I. (/.) biarquatus, I. (/.)
dimelapsus, I. (/.) metathoracicus, I. (I.) orbitarius, I. (/.) petiolatus, I. (I.) plantaris, I. (/.)
platicenis, I. (I.) spatiosus, I. (/.) stolophonis, I. (/.) trichocerus, I. (/.) wan.

Miscellaneous unplaceable nomina nuda published in the references, cited: Anomalon
Cecropiae Harris (1833), Bathymetis tegularis Ashmead (in Slosson, 1900), B. washingtonensis
Ashmead (in Slosson, 1906), Campoplegidea (Viereckiana) triangularis Viereck (1926), Cani-
poplex paniscus Osborn (1892), Centetenis suturalis Ashmead (in Riley and Howard, 1890, p.
152), Cremastus finnipeniiis Ashmead (1900, p. 584), Cryptus propitius "Cr." Ashmead (1890, p.
43), Eipbosoma femorata "Cress." Ashmead (1900, p. 580), Exocboides borealis "Cress." Evans
(1896), Hemiteles mesochori "Ashm." Crevecoeur (1922), Hemiteles orgyiae "Riley" Ashmead
(1890, p. 43), Ichneumon alternator "S." Harris (1833), /. araneanim Clarkson (1890), /. basiator
"S." Harris (1833), /. cingor "S." Harris (1833), Ichyracis (!) americana Ashmead (in Slosson,
1906), Lampronota snccincta "Cr." Riley and Howard (1890, p. 464), Limneria oligiae Ashmead
(in Riley and Howard, 1890, p. 158), Megarhyssa magnifica Viereck (1910), Mesochorus^
chrysopae Ashmead (in Riley and Howard, 1890, p. 156), Mesoleius bicolor Davis (in Slosson,
1894), Ophion imbecilis "S." Harris (1833), Polysphincta phycitis Riley (in Riley and Howard,
1890, p. 464), Rhythmonotus bilineatus Ashmead, 1900, p. 581), Scambus moyita "Cress." Wash-
burn (1918), Sinophorus johnsoni Ashmead (1900, p. 581), Spilocryptus lividicorpus "Cress."
Procter (1938), Spudastica rufipes Ashmead (1900, p. 581), Thyreodon costale "Cress." Viereck
(1928).

Taxonomy: Harris, 1833; 1835. In Hitchcock, Rpt. Geol. Min. Bot. Zool. Mass., p. 587; ed. 2, p.
584-585. —Ashmead, 1890. Colo. Biol. Assoc, Bui. 1: 43. —Clarkson, 1890. Canad. Ent. 22:
122. -Riley and Howard, 1890. U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 3: 151-158, 460-464. —Osborn,
1892. Iowa Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 18: 515. —Slosson, 1894. Ent. News 5: 4. —Evans, 1896.
Canad. Ent. 28: 11. —Ashmead, 1900. In Smith, N. J. State Bd. Agr., Ann. Rpt. 27, sup., p.
563-585. -Slosson, 1900; 1906. Ent. News 11: 319; 17: 324. —Viereck, 1910. In Smith, N. J.
State Mus., Ann. Rpt. (for 1909), p. 627. —Washburn, 1918. Minn. State Ent., Ann. Rpt. 17:
172. —Crevecoeur, 1922. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 30: 386. —Viereck, 1926. Roy. Soc.
Canada, Proc. and Trans. (3) 20 (5): 178. —Viereck, 1928. N. Y. State Mus. Bui. 274: 185.
—Procter, 1938. Biol. Survey Mt. Desert Region, v. 6, p. 402.


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