Page 1198 • Top • -1 • +1 • Original • Database of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico • Highertaxa
Genus LYCOGASTER Shuckard
Lycogaster Shuckard, 1841. Entomologist 1: 123.
Type-species: Lycogaster pullata Shuckard. Monotypic.
Lycogaster pullata
***authority mismatch
nevadensis (Cresson). Southwestern S. Dak., Colo., n. N. Me.x., Nev., w. Oreg. Ecology:
A number of specimens were reared from unknown pupal or larval-pupal parasites of
Hypliantria ciniea (Drury) at Boulder, Colo. Host: Eitodytterns fora)iii)iatHs scutellaris
(Sauss.).
Trigonalya nevadenain Cresson, 1879. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 7: vii in Proc. S, 9.
Lycogaster pullata
***authority mismatch
pullata Shuckard. Vt, Mass., R. I., N. Y., Md., D. C, n. Va., w. N. C, n. Ga., n. N. Dak.
Host: Eno(ly)ienis fomi)iiiiati(n foniDiinatiis (Sauss.), E)iico,spiliis a))ie7-ica)iHS (Christ).
Lycoganter pullatus Shuckard, 1841. Entomologist 1: 124. ♀.
Lycoganter puHutuN var. hollennis Melander and Brues, 1902. Biol. Bui. 3: 36. c^, 9.
Biology: Cooper, 1954. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 56: 280-288. -Townes, 1956. U. S. Natl. Mus.,
Proc. 106: 299-300.
Genus POECILOGONALOS Schulz
Poecilogonalos Schulz, 1907. In Wytsman, Gen. Ins., fasc. 61, p. 9.
Type-species: Trigonalyn pulchella Westwood. Monotypic. The type-species is an
objective synonym of P. ilncaitsii (Westwood).
This genus includes only one Nearctic species, but according to Townes (1956, trigonalid revi-
sion, p. 300) Poecilogonalos is rather large and widely distributed.
Poecilogonalos costalis (Cresson)
Southeastern Mass. s. to mid Fla., w. to s. Ohio and s.w. La. Ecology: Has
been reared as a secondary parasite of Phosphila turbulenta Hbn. and Automeris io
(F.). Host: Lespesia sp. ex Phospliila turbulenta Hbn.
Trigonalys (Lycoga.ster) costalis Cresson, 1867. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 6: 352. ♂.
Trigonalys sulcatus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 349. ♂.
Biology: Townes, 1956. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 106: 301-302 (oviposition behavior).
Genus BAREOGONALOS Schulz
Bareogonalos Schulz, 1907. In Wytsman, Gen. Ins., fasc. 61, p. 18.
Type-species: Trigonalys canadensis Harrington. Monotypic.
Nippogonalos Uchida, 1929. Insecta Matsumurana 3: 79.
Type-species: Nippogotialos jezoensis Uchida. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Bareogonalos canadensis (Harrington)
Southwestern B. C, n.w. Calif. Host: Vespula arenaria (F.), V.
pensylva)iica (Sauss.).
Trigonalys Canadensis Harrington, 1896. Canad. Ent. 28: 108. "♂"=♀.
Taxonomy: Harrington, 1898. In Taylor, Canad. Ent. 30: 15-16 (male described).
Biology: Taylor, 1898. Canad. Ent. 30: 14-15.
* U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1978 O - 238-806
Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico
CarlF. W. Muesebeck
This catalog is dedicated to our cherished colleague with affectionate regard
for his kindliness and with admiration for his distinguished scholarly contributions to
our knowledge of North American Hymenoptera for more than half a century.
Catalog of
Hymenoptera in America
North of Mexico
Prepared cooperatively by
specialists on the various groups of Hymenoptera
under the direction of
Karl V. Krombein and Paul D. Hurd, Jr.
Smithsonian Institution
and
David R. Smith and B. D. Burks
Systematic Entomology Laboratory,
Insect Identification and Beneficial Insect Introduction Institute
Science and Education Administration,
United States Department of Agriculture
VOLUME 2
Apocrita (Aculeata)
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS
Washington, D.C.
1979
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Main entry under title:
Catalog of Hymenoptera in American north of
Mexico.
"An outgrowth of . . . Hymenoptera of America
north of Mexico, synoptic catalog (1951) in-
cluding the first and second supplements (1958,
1967)"
Includes index.
CONTENTS: v.l. Symphyta and Apocrita
(Parasitica). — v. 2. Apocrita (Aculeata)
1. Hymenoptera — North America. 2. Insects —
North America. I. Krombein, Karl V.
QL567.1.A1C37 595.7'9'097 78-606008
Contents
Page
Introduction by Karl V. Krombein, Paul D. Hurd, and David R. Smith v
Hymenoptera by Karl V. Krombein and Paul D. Hurd, Jr 1
Symphyta by David R. Smith 3
Megalodontoidea 7
Xyelidae 7
Pamphiliidae 10
Tenthredinoidea 19
Pergidae 19
Argidae 20
Cimbicidae 26
Diprionidae 29
Tenthredinidae 39
Siricoidea 125
Syntexidae 125
Siricidae 125
Xiphydriidae 130
Orussidae 131
Cephoidea 133
Cephidae 133
Apocrita by Karl V. Krombein 139
Parasitica by Paul M. Marsh and Robert W. Carlson 141
Ichneumonoidea by Paul M. Marsh and Robert W. Carlson 143
Braconidae by Paul M. Marsh 144
Aphidiidae by Paul M. Marsh 295
Hybrizontidae by Paul M. Marsh 313
Ichneumonidae by Robert W. Carlson 315
Stephanidae by Robert W. Carlson 740
Chalcidoidea by Gordon Gordh 743
Torymidae (except Agaoninae) by E. E. Grissell 748
Pteromalidae by B. D. Burks 768
Eurytomidae by B. D. Burks 835
Chalcididae by B. D. Burks 860
Leucospididae by B. D. Burks 874
Eucharitidae by B. D. Burks 875
Eupelmidae by B. D. Burks 878
Encyrtidae by Gordon Gordh 890
Eulophidae by B. D. Burks 967
Mymaridae by B. D. Burks 1022
Trichogrammatidae by B. D. Burks 1033
Unplaced Taxa in Chalcidoidea by B. D. Burks 1042
Cynipoidea by B. D. Burks 1045
Ibaliidae 1045
Liopteridae 1046
Figitidae 1047
Eucoilidae 1052
Alloxystidae 1058
Cynipidae 1060
Evanioidea by Robert W. Carlson 1109
Evaniidae 1109
Aulacidae 1111
Gasteruptiidae 1115
Pelecinoidea by Carl F. W. Muesebeck 1119
Pelecinidae 1119
Proctotrupoidea by Carl F. W. Muesebeck 1121
Vanhorniidae 1122
Roproniidae 1122
Heloridae 1122
Proctotrupidae 1123
Diapriidae 1127
Scelionidae 1150
Platygastridae 1171
Ceraphronoidea by Carl F. W. Muesebeck 1187
Ceraphronidae 1187
Megaspilidae 1191
Trigonaloidea by Robert W. Carlson 1197
Trigonalidae 1197
Aculeata by Karl V. Krombein 1199
Bethyloidea by Karl V. Krombein 1203
Bethylidae 1203
Sclerogibbidae 1219
Chrysididae 1220
Dryinidae 1240
Embolemidae 1251
Scolioidea by Karl V. Krombein 1253
Tiphiidae 1253
Sierolomorphidae 1276
Mutillidae 1276
Scoliidae 1314
Sapygidae 1319
Formicoidea by David R. Smith 1323
Formicidae 1323
Vespoidea by Karl V. Krombein 1469
Masaridae 1469
Eumenidae 1472
Vespidae 1510
vi
Pompiloidea by Karl V. Krombein 1523
Pompilidae 1523
Rhopalosomatidae 1570
Sphecoidea by Karl V. Krombein 1573
Ampulicidae 1574
Sphecidae 1575
Pemphredonidae 1595
Larridae 1617
Crabronidae 1650
Mellinidae 1683
Nyssonidae 1684
Philanthidae 1720
Apoidea by Paul D. Hurd, Jr 1741
Colletidae 1748
Oxaeidae 1770
Andrenidae 1772
Halicitidae 1932
Melittidae 1978
Megachilidae 1981
Anthophoridae 2081
Apidae 2188
Institutional Affiliation of Contributing Authors
Smithsonian Institution: Paul D. Hurd, Jr., Karl V. Krombein, Carl F. Muesebeck
U.S. Department of Agriculture: B. D. Burks, Robert W. Carlson, E. E. Grissell,'
Paul M. Marsh, David R. Smith
University of California, Riverside : Gordon Gordh
vii
Introduction
By
Karl V. Krombein,
Paul D. Hurd, Jr.,
and
David R. Smith
This catalog, which is an outgrowth of the
highly successful Hymenoptera of America
North of Mexico Synoptic Catalog (1951),
including the first and second supplements
(1958, 1967), provides simultaneously, by
use of computer technology (Krombein, Mello
and Crockett, 1974. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann.
20 :24-29), a printed version as well as a
computer-queriable data base of the basic
systematic, biological, and morphological in-
formation on the order Hymenoptera as it
occurs in America north of Mexico. While the
format of the present catalog closely parallels
that of the original catalog, every effort has
been made to increase the information con-
tent to fulfill better the needs of the biological
community. This has been accomplished chief-
ly by the introduction of textbook prose at
most higher category levels, by the presenta-
tion of explanatory or descriptive comments
as appropriate, and by the inclusion of more
complete listings of citations to taxonomic,
biological, and morphological literature at all
hierarchical levels together with parentheti-
cal annotations concerning the content for
many of these citations. Similarly, the data
about hosts, parasites, prey, predators, and
pollen sources are covered more fully than in
the original catalog. Since these data have
been reported in various ways and under dif-
fering names in the primary literature, an
attempt has been made to organize this in-
formation and present it, usually, alphabeti-
cally even though sometimes such data have
been recorded in the literature with scien-
tific or vernacular names or both. Although
many of these names have been checked for
accuracy, no consistent attempt has been
made to verify that the names agree with
current usage or status. While those authors
of zoological names are usually abbreviated
in the citation of hosts, parasites, and the
like, the authors of the scientific botanical
names are not included. Elsewhere in the
catalog, the last name of an author is cited
in full, but without initials. Since the tech-
nology employed in the preparation of this
catalog precluded the use of diacritical marks,
these have been omitted and consequently,
as in the case of the umlaut, a variant spell-
ing has been substituted as appropriate.
The International Code of Zoological No-
menclature (1961) including the intent and
preamble of the Code and of any pertinent
opinions usually has been followed. Thus a
name in current usage as deterimned by the
code is employed, but mention is made, as
appropriate, that an application is pending
before the International Commission of
Zoological Nomenclature.
An attempt has been made to record all the
recent taxa, with their synonyms, described
viii
from, or known to occur in, the political di-
visions of the conterminous United States,
Canada, Alaska, and Greenland. Insofar as
known, all species introduced from other
countries and liberated in America north of
Mexico for biological control purposes have
been listed. Some of these have never been
recovered and, apparently, were unsuccessful
in establishing themselves. For each such
species a statement has been included, follow-
ing the distribution, that the species was
liberated but did not become established.
As in the original catalog, the arrangement
is systematic for species-groups and higher
categories insofar as our present knowledge
and the limitations of a linear arrangement
permit. The generic and subgeneric concepts
represented in this arrangement are based
upon what are believed to be the correct type-
species. In each instance the type-species is
cited together with the authority for the
selection. Where designations of type-species
have been found to be invalid under the Inter-
national Code of Zoological Nomenclature,
new type-species designations, believed to be
valid, are given in the catalog. Generic syn-
onymy is included under the generic head-
ings except where subgenera are recognized,
in which cases such synonymy is given under
the subgeneric names, and references to re-
visional or other papers are listed under the
appropriate higher category.
The arrangement of species within genera,
subgenera, and species groups is alphabetical.
Where subspecies are recognized, the sub-
specific names are placed in alphabetical or-
der under the species to which they belong;
and varieties are listed under the particular
species or subspecies in which they were
described. In each case the specific, subspeci-
fic, or infrasubspecific, name is followed by
an indication of the known distribution, and
by brief statements, as appropriate, of pre-
ferred habitats or the like, hosts, parasites,
prey, predators, or pollen sources. Much of
this information on synonymy, distribution,
ecology, hosts, parasites, prey, and so forth
has not been published previously. The type
localities are usually recorded for those forms
that are known only from the localities where
the type specimens were obtained. Otherwise
the distribution is usually shown by states
and provinces, or by other means such as
life zones.
Since unquestionably a catalog is indispen-
sable in the support of systematic and other
biological research, no effort has been spared
toward making this catalog as useful as pos-
sible to all of the scientific community inter-
ested in these fascinating insects.
LITERATURE COVERAGE
All authors have attempted to include all
pertinent references to synonyms, revisions,
taxonomy, biology, and morphology begin-
ning with 1758, the publication date of the
10th edition of "Systema Naturae" by Lin-
naeus. The cut-off dates vary for the several
sections of the catalog and are as follows:
Symphyta through 1974;
Ichneumonoidea through 1976;
Chalcidoidea — Torymidae (except Agaoninae)
and Encyrtidae through 1976; other fam-
ilies and Agaoninae through 1972;
Cynipoidea through 1972;
Evanioidea through 1976;
Pelecinoidea, Proctotrupoidea, and Ceraphro-
noidea through 1972;
Trigonaloidea through 1976;
Bethyloidea and Scolioidea through 1975;
Formicoidea through mid-1975;
Vespoidea, Pompiloidea, and Sphecoidea
through 1975; and
Apoidea through 1976.
All authors have included some references
subsequent to the dates listed above.
ix
LITERATURE CITATIONS
The source for journal abbreviations is Whit-
lock, C, 1939, Abbreviations used in the De-
part7ne)it of Agriculture for titles of publica-
tions. United States Department of Agricul-
ture Miscellaneous Publication No. 337, 278
pages. Abbreviations for other titles and
journals not found in Whitlock essentially
follow the same format and abbreviations
that she recommends. Book titles are usually
shortened to omit irrelevant adjectives and
include abbreviations, e.g. : Wheeler and
Wheeler, 1963. The Ants of North Dakota,
p. — , is cited as Wheeler and Wheeler, 1963.
Ants of N. Dak., p. — . Certain lengthy non-
serial titles are also abbreviated, e.g. : Say,
1824. In Keating, Narr. Long's 2nd Exped.,
V. 2 (App.), p. — , rather than Say, 1824. hi
Keating, Narrative of an Expedition to the
Source of St. Peter's River, Lake Winnepeek
. . ., etc. The titles are intended to be uni-
form throughout the catalog, but, in a work
of this magnitude, there will naturally be
some deviations. The abbreviations should be
adequate to find the cited publication.
SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Certain symbols and abbreviations are fre-
quently used in this catalog. Though there
may be slight variations in some, they are
generally as follows :
(!) — lapsus or misspelling of a scientific
name.
" ♀ " = ♂ or " ♂ " = ♀ — incorrect sex deter-
mination.
♀ (♂ misdet.) or ♂ (♀ misdet.) — only one
of the sexes described belongs to the species cataloged.
♀ — female.
♂ — male.
ab. — aberration.
app. — appendix.
cent. — central.
changed status — used after a species-group
name to indicate a rank different from that
previously accorded to it; not necessarily
the same as new status.
desig. — designated; e.g., in type-species de-
signation, "Desig. by Rohwer, 1911."
e., east. — east, eastern.
emend. — emendation.
fasc. — fascicle.
fig., figs. — figure, figures.
h.— heft.
n. comb. — new combination; used after a
species-group name to indicate a new ge-
neric assignment.
n. name — new name; used after a genus-
group or species-group name to indicate
a substitute name for a homonym.
N. name — New name; used after a biblio-
graphic citation to indicate a previously
proposed name.
Nom. nud. — Nomen nudum.
n. s. — new series.
n. status— new status; used where a taxon is
here accorded a rank different from that
which it had previously.
N. syn. — New synonymy; used to indicate a
synonym newly proposed in this catalog.
n., no., north. — north, northern.
n.e., northeast. — northeast, northeastern.
n.w., northwest. — -northwest, northwestern.
orig. desig.-^original designation; used to
indicate type-species designation.
p., pp. — page, pages.
pi., pis. — plate, plates.
preocc. — preoccupied; used after a genus-
group or species-group name to indicate a
homonym.
pt. — part.
revised status — revised status; used to de-
note a taxon that has been removed from
synonymy.
ser. — series.
s., so., south. — south, southern.
s.e., southeast. — southeast, southeastern.
S.W., southwest. — southwest, southwestern.
sp., spp. — species.
ssp., sspp. — subspecies.
subg. — subgenus.
transcont. — transcontinental.
v., vol. — volume.
var. — variety.
w., vi'est. — west, western.
x
FAUNAL ZONES
Bor.
Boreal
Canad.
Canadian
Huds.
Hudsonian
Transit.
Transition
Austr.
Austral
U. Austr.
Upper Austral
L. Austr.
Lower Austral
Alleghan.
AUeghanian
Austi-orip.
Austroriparian
Carol.
Carolinian
Sonor.
Sonoran
U. Sonor.
Upper Sonoran
L. Sonor.
Lower Sonoran
GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES
Abbreviation
Political Unit
Ala.
Alabama
Alaska
Alaska
Alta.
Alberta
Ariz.
Arizona
Ark.
Arkansas
B.C.
British Columbia
Calif.
California
Canada
Canada
Colo.
Colorado
Conn.
Connecticut
Del.
Delaware
D.C.
District of Columbia
Fla.
Florida
Ga.
Georgia
Greenland
Greenland
Idaho
Idaho
111.
Illinois
Ind.
Indiana
Iowa
Iowa
Kans.
Kansas
Ky.
Kentucky
La.
Louisiana
Labrador
Labrador, Newfoundland
(Labrador)
Maine
Maine
Man.
Manitoba
Mass.
Massachusetts
Md.
Maryland
Mexico
Mexico
Mich.
Michigan
Minn.
Minnesota
Miss.
Mississippi
Mo.
Missouri
Mont.
Montana
N. B.
New Brunswick
N. C.
North Carolina
N. Dak.
North Dakota
Nebr.
Nebraska
Nev.
Nevada
Newfoundland
Newfoundland,
Newfoundland (insular)
N. H.
New Hampshire
N.J.
New Jersey
N. Mex.
New Mexico
N. S.
Nova Scotia
N. W. T.
Northwest Territories
N. Y.
New York
Ohio
Ohio
Okla.
Oklahoma
Ont.
Ontario
Oreg.
Oregon
Pa.
Pennsylvania
P. E. I.
Prince Edward Island
Que.
Quebec
R. I.
Rhode Island
Sask.
Saskatchewan
S. C.
South Carolina
S. Dak.
South Dakota
Tenn.
Tennessee
Tex.
Texas
U. S.
United States
Utah
Utah
Vt.
Vermont
Va.
Virginia
Wa.sh.
Washington (state)
W. Va.
West Virginia
Wis.
Wisconsin
Wyo.
Wyoming
Yukon
Yukon Territory
xi
TAXONOMIC AND NOMENCLATURAL CHANGES
The catalog contains one undiagnosed new genus also in the Ichneumonidae, Woldsted-
species in the Ichneumonidae, Pterocormus tius Carlson, type-species Bassns biguttatns
clasma Carlson, p. 521, proposed for the Gravenhorst, p. 719, proposed for Syrphoc-
taxon misidentified as Ichneumon canade)isis tonus Foerster sensu Dasch (1964).
Cresson by Heinrich (1961). The following new names are proposed to
The catalog contains one undiagnosed new replace preoccupied names :
Tenthredinidae
Pachynematus gamus Smith for Pachyncmatus graminis Marlatt (1896) p. 58
Nematus atttis Smith for Ammironematus dyari Marlatt (1896) p. 68
Amauronematus peralus Smith for Nematus pecforalis Cresson (1880) p. 80
Ichneumonidae
Oedomopsis davisi Carlson for Trophon 1 nasutus Cresson (1868) p. 366
Gelis cushmani Carlson for Hemiteles apantelis Cushman (1927) p. 405
Oresbius shimiaginensis Carlson for Stihoscopns ferrugineus Ashmead (1902) ... .p. 438
Pterocormus dionymus Carlson for Ichneumon anonyynus Heinrich (1961) p. 522
Casinaria affinisima Carlson for Casinaria affinis Walley (1947) p. 635
Pteromalidae
Mesopolobus fuscipedes Burks for Platyterma fuscipes Ashmead (1896) p. 816
Eurytomidae
Harmolita ovatella Burks for Harmolita ovata Phillips and Emery (1919) p. 840
Eulophidae
Syntomosphyrum orgyiazele Burks for Tetrastichomyia orgyiae Girault (1916) . .p.1005
Diapriidae
Trichopria kiefferi Muesebeck for Diapria montana Kieffer (1906) p.ll47
Scelionidae
Trimorus contractus Muesebeck for Gryon flavipes Ashmead (1893) p.ll62
Ceraphronidae
Aphanogmus harringtoni Muesebeck for Aphanogmus salicicola Harrington (1899) p.ll90
Megaspilidae
Dendrocerus obscurellus Muesebeck for Atritomus californicus Kieffer (1906) ..p.ll94
Masaridae
Euparagia richardsi Bohart for Psiloglossa simplicipes Rohwer (1909) p.l470
Philanthidae
Cerceris bolingeriana Krombein for Cerceris bolingeri Scullen (1972) p.l730
Anthophoridae
Triepeolus mitchelli Hurd for Triepeolus sublunatus Mitchell (1962) p.2094
There are a number of other nomenclatural valid genera and species for each family and
and taxonomic changes. These are considered higher category. These nomenclatural and
of lesser bibliographic importance than the taxonomic changes are as follows :
new names, so tabulations of them are de- A number of generic transfers are made,
ferred to Volume 3 which will also contain They are usually cited in the text as xanti-
the indexes and a table of the number of anum (Saussure), n. comb. The authority
xii
responsible for the transfer is the author
of that section unless the name of another
specialist is included.
There are also a number of instances where
a taxon formerly considered to be a species is
treated here as a subspecies of another taxon,
or where a taxon. formerly considered to be a
subspecies is now raised to specific rank. The
authority responsible for the change is the
author of that section unless the name of
another specialist is included. These are usu-
ally cited in the text as clavatum johannis
(Richards), n. status or alba Rohwer, n.
status.
The words — changed status — occasionally
follow the author of a species-group name.
This indicates that the taxon has a rank
different from that accorded it elsewhere. It
is not the same as new status for it reflects a
change which has already been published.
In a few taxa, the words — revised status —
follow the author of a species-group name.
This denotes a taxon which has been removed
from synonymy.
There are a few new synonyms at the
genus-group level and numerous new syn-
, onyms at the species-group level. These are
indicated by the abbreviation N. syn. follow-
ing the bibliographic citation of the new syn-
onym. As noted above, the synonymy is to be
attributed to the author of the section unless
the name of another specialist appears in
parentheses following the abbreviation N. syn.
Volume 3
It is intended that Volume 3 will contain
separate indexes to the taxa of Hymenoptera,
and to their hosts, parasites, prey, predators,
and pollen and nectar sources. Preparation of
the indexes has already begun, and we antici-
pate that the tapes for Linotron production
will be sent to the Government Printing Office
during 1978. We will also include in Volume
3 a tabulation of the number of valid genera
and species for each family and higher cate-
gory, and lists of the nomenclatural and
taxonomic changes other than the new names
which are listed above.
Acknowledgments
Preparation of the catalog and funding for its
publication have had the enthusiastic support
of Porter M. Kier, Director, National Museum
of Natural History (NMNH), Smithsonian
Institution (SI) and of Lloyd V. Knutson,
Chairman, Insect Identification and Beneficial
Insect Introduction Institute, U.S. Depart-
ment of Agriculture. The catalog in its printed
form could not have been achieved without
their help, and we are most grateful that
their assistance was available whenever we
required it.
We are indebted to a host of cooperating
hymenopterists for generous assistance which
xiii
has greatly enhanced the content and quality
of the catalog. The aid furnished has involved
such diverse activities as i-eviewing prelimi-
nary drafts of various sections, and providing
new information on taxonomy, synonymy,
distribution, and biology.
In the Symphyta, H. E. Milliron, formeiiy
of the Biosystematics Research Institute
(BRI), Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, re-
viewed parts of the manuscript and provided
information, as did H. R. Wong, Northern
Forest Research Centre, Edmonton, Alberta,
for Pristiphora Latr. H. Greenbaum, Uni-
versity of Florida, Gainesville, furnished
data on Florida sawflies.
The accuracy of host names in the Para-
sitica was checked by the following special-
ists : Smithsonian Institution — J. F. G.
Clarke, D. R. Davis. W. D. Duckworth, T. L.
Erwin, W. D. Field, and R. C. Froeschner;
Systematic Entomology Laboratory (SEL),
U. S. Department of Agriculture — D. C.
Ferguson, R. J. Gagne, R. D. Gordon, A. B.
Gurney, J. L. Herring, R. W. Hodges, J. M.
Kingsolver, J. P. Kramer, A. S. Menke, D. M.
Miller, L. M. Russell, C. W. Sabrosky, D. R.
Smith, T. J. Spilman, M. B. Stoetzel, E. L.
Todd, R. E. Warner, and R. E. White. D. M.
Weisman (SEL) identified the remains of
some lepidopterous larvae which served as
hosts.
Specialists who were helpful in the Ichneu-
monoidea were : L. E. Caltagirone, University
of California, Albany, and C. C. Loan (BRI),
who reviewed parts of the manuscript on
Braconidae; C. van Achterberg, Waarder, The
Netherlands, W. R. M. Mason (BRI), R. D.
Shenefelt, University of Wisconsin, Madison,
and R. Wharton, University of California,
Berkeley, who provided advice and informa-
tion on Braconidae; H. K. and M. C. Townes,
American Entomological Institute, Ann Ar-
bor, Michigan, who provided information and
advice on Ichneumonidae; and P. M. Marsh
(SEL) , who proofed the first-phase computer
printouts for Mesochorinae, Diplazontinae,
Oxytorinae and Orthocentrinae, and the third-
phase edit for Ichneumoninae.
Z. Boucek, Commonwealth Institute of En-
tomology, London, and M. Graham, Oxford
University, provided much information on
Chalcidoidea, and D. P. Annecke, Plant Pro-
tection Research Institute, Pretoria, South
Africa, advised on the placement of some
species assigned erroneously to Aphycvs
Mayr. A special debt of gratitude is due C. F.
W. Muesebeck who painstakingly proofed all
edit phases of the computer printouts for
Encyrtidae and Torymidae and all but the
first-phase edits of all other families of
Chalcidoidea.
D. B. Krombein provided welcome assist-
ance by helping to proof the manuscripts and
printouts for all superfamilies of aculeate
wasps. F. D. Parker, Bee Biology and Syste-
matics Laboratory, Utah State University,
Logan, furnished biological data for a number
of Utah wasps.
We are grateful to R. M. Bohart, Univer-
sity of California, Davis, for reviewing the
manuscript on Chrysididae and for consider-
able other assistance which included informa-
tion on new synonyms and distribution in the
Elampinae and Chrysididinae, and the assign-
ment of taxa to species groups in Chrysis
L. H. E. Evans, Colorado State University,
Fort Collins, reviewed the section on Bethyli-
dae.
In the Scolioidea, the late J. C. Bradley,
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, and
J. G. Betrem, Deventer, The Netherlands,
reviewed the manuscript on Scoliidae, and
H. W. Allen, Moorestown, New Jersey, that
on Tiphiinae. W. E. Ferguson, San Jose State
University, California, and C. E. Mickel, Uni-
versity of Arizona, Tucson, furnished infor-
mation on synonymy and taxonomy of some
Mutillidae.
R. R. Snelling, Los Angeles County Museum,
California, and M. R. Smith, Arlington,
Virginia, reviewed the section on Formicoi-
dea. J. F. Watkins II, Baylor University,
Waco, Texas, reviewed the section on Dory-
linae, and A. C. Cole, University of Tennessee,
Knoxville, that on Pogoiwmyrmex Mayr.
A. Francoeur, University of Quebec, Chicou-
timi, provided information on the fusca
group of Formica L.
0. W. Richards, British Museum (Natural
History) , London, and R. M. Bohart reviewed
the entire manuscript for Vespoidea. J. van
der Vecht, Putten, The Netherlands, recom-
mended the systematic sequence adopted in
the Eumenidae and reviewed the manuscript.
xiv
M. J. West-Eberhard, Universidad del Valle,
Cali, Colombia, and R. R. Snelling reviewed
the manuscript on Vespidae and supplied
data on taxonomy and biology. J. E. Gillaspy,
Texas A & I University, Kinpsville, provided
information on Polistes Latr.
H. E. Evans reviewed the manuscript on
Pompilidae, and F. E. Kurczewski, University
of Syracuse, N. Y., contributed some prey
records.
R. M. Bohart and A. S. Menke generously
made available a copy of their manuscript,
"Sphecid Wasps of the World," which was
most helpful in assembling the section on
Sphecoidea; Menke, in addition, reviewed the
catalog manuscript for this superfamily.
Other specialists contributed data on the
groups mentioned after their names : R. E.
Coville, University of California, Berkeley
(taxonomy and distribution of Trypoxyloni-
nae); J. E. Gillaspy (Bembicinae); F. E.
Kurczewski (biology of Larridae and Cra-
bronidae); R. C. Miller, Cornell University
(taxonomy, distribution, and biology of
Crabronidae); W. J. Pulawski, Wroclaw,
Poland (taxonomy and distribution of Tachij-
sphe.r Kohl); and D. Vincent, University of
Maryland, College Park (taxonomy and dis-
tribution of Passaloeciis Shuck.).
E. G. Linsley, University of Califoi-nia,
Berkeley, reviewed the entire manuscript on
Apoidea and offered valuable suggestions.
C. D. Michener, University of Kansas, Law-
rence, discussed with the author of that sec-
tion the biology and systematics of bees;
many of his suggestions have been incorpo-
rated in the classification adopted. The fol-
lowing specialists have cooperated by con-
tributing data on the groups specified after
their names: G. E. Bohart, Bee Biology and
Systematics Laboratory, Utah State Univer-
sity, Logan (taxonomy and biology of
Apoidea); W. E. LaBerge, Illinois Natural
History Survey, Urbana (taxonomy of An-
drenidae and Anthophoridae); U. N. Lanham,
University of Colorado, Boulder (taxonomy
of Apoidea); M. A. Lieftinck, Rhenen, The
Netherlands (taxonomy of Anthophoridae);
A. L0ken. University of Bergen, Norway
(taxonomy of Apidae); T. B. Mitchell, North
Carolina State University, Raleigh (taxon-
omy of Apoidea); J. S. Moure, Universidade
Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil (taxon-
omy of Apoidea); F. D. Parker (taxonomy
and biology of Apoidea); J. G. Rozen, Jr.,
American Museum of Natural History, New
York, New York (taxonomy and biology of
Apoidea); R. R. Snelling (taxonomy of
Hijlaeus F.); R. W. Thorp, University of
California, Davis (taxonomy and biology of
Apidae); P. H. Timberlake, University of
California, Riverside (taxonomy of Apoidea);
and T. J. Zavortink, University of San
Francisco, California (taxonomy of Antho-
phoridae) .
C. W. Sabrosky (SEL) has been helpful to
all of us in the discussion of abstruse nomen-
clatural problems. J. F. Gates Clarke (SI)
participated patiently in philosophical dis-
cussions of a wide variety of subjects per-
taining to the catalog. G. C. Steyskal (SEL)
was the resource person for the grammar of
scientific names and other linguistic matters.
Computerization of the catalog and its pro-
duction by the computer-driven Linotron re-
quired the highly skilled technical expertise
of specialists in computer storage and appli-
cations. James F. Mello, formerly Chief of the
Data Processing (ADP) Program at NMNH,
carefully analyzed the 1951 Hymenoptera
Catalog and developed the data analysis
matrix which governed entry of information
into the computer. R. Creighton, Manager,
Information Retrieval and Indexing Division,
Office of Computer Services (OCS), SI, de-
vised the programs for editing, arranging,
querying, and displaying data from the man-
uscripts. J. J. Crockett, Manager, Software
Systems and Program Maintenance (OCS),
developed the program for conversion of the
computerized data to special magnetic tapes
capable of driving the Photo Typesetting
Unit, the Mergenthaler Linotron 1010, in the
Government Printing Office. T. G. Gautier,
Chief (ADP), and D. Bridge, Operations
Manager (ADP), maintained daily collabora-
tion with the Editorial Board in assignment
of clerical assistance, and production of the
edit phases, merge files, and SELGPO print-
outs.
Finally, we are most grateful for the care-
ful, accurate typing of the manuscripts for
computer entry by the corps of dedicated
clerk typists. R. M. Garlick served with the
xv
program as principal typist from its inception during the six years of manuscript produc-
until his reassignment in mid-1976 as a com- tion and computer entry were: L. E. Back,
puter technician; he also trained the other L. M. Bybell, R. Cloyed, L. E. Hatton, M.
assigned typists. P. R. Brown is currently the Monahan, L. G. Oliver, J. Peabody, P. A.
only typist assigned full time. Other typists Sunkel, and M. F. Ward,
who worked for vaiying lengths of time
xvi
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Page 1199 • Top • -1 • +1 • Original • Database of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico • Highertaxa