Anacrabro ocellatus
***authority mismatch
boerhaviae Cockerell. N. Mex., Ariz.; Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora, Sinaloa, Durango,
Colima ?).
Ayiacrabro boerhaviae Cockerell, 1895. Canad. Ent. 27: 308. ♂.

Anacrabro ocellatus
***authority mismatch
ocellatus Packard. S. Canada and U. S. east of Rockies, except Fla. Ecology: Nests
in sand, makes 1-9 or more cells per nest, stores 4-7 prey per cell. Parasite:
Miltogrammini sp.?, Diptera sp. Prey: Lygus oblineatus (Say), L. lineolaris (Beau v.),
Plagiognathns politus Uhl.; only adults are stored. Predator: Acanthomyops claviger
(Rog.), Monomorium sp.
Ayiacrabro ocellatus Packard, 1866. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 6: 68. ♀.
Thyreopus nigoso-punctatus Provancher, 1883. Faune Ent. Canada, Hym., p. 664. 9. A

secondary homonym in Crabro.
Crabro rugulosopunctatus Dalla Torre, 1897. Cat. Hym., v. 8, p. 624. N. name.

Taxonomy: Evans, 1957. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 83: 102, figs. 75-84 (larva).

Biology: Barth, 1909 (1908). Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 6: 147-153, 10 figs, (nest, prey, parasite,
predator). —Kurczewski and Peckham, 1970. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 63: 1419-1424, 7 figs,
(nest, prey transport, egg, parasite, predator).

Anacrabro ocellatus
***authority mismatch
robertsoni Rohwer. Fla.

Anacrabro robertsoni Rohwer, 1920. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc 22: 58. ♀.

Taxonomy: Krombein, 1948. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 43: 20-21 (status of N. Amer. spp.).
—Leclercq, 1973. Acta Zool. Lilloana 30: 38-41 (key to New World spp., and revision of
Neotropical spp.).

a generic or subgeneric sense was by Ashmead, 1899, who characterized it as a genus.

The species nest in soil, and African forms have been reported to provision their nests with
ants. One species in North America and two species in Sri Lanka have been observed recently
preying upon Miridae, both nymphs and adults.

Revision: Pate, 1943. Lloydia 6: 53-76, 15 figs, (key to subg. and revision of N. Amer. spp.).

Encopognathus pectinatus Pate
Calif.

Encopognathus (Rhectognathus) pectinatus Pate, 1936. Ent. News 47: 148. ♀, ♂.

Encopognathus rufiventris Timberlake
Calif. (San Bernardino Co.).

Encopognathus (Rhectognathus) rufiventris Timberlake, 1940. Ent. News 51: 167. ♀.

Encopognathus wenonah (Banks)
Calif., Oreg.

Lindenius wenonah Banks, 1921. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 14: 16. ♂.

Entomognathus arenivagus Krombein
Fla. (Arcadia), N. C. (?). Ecology: Nests in sand.

Entomognathus (Toncahua) arenivaga Krombein, 1963. Biol. Soc. Wash., Proc. 76: 249. ♂.
9.

Entomognathus lenapeorum Viereck
N. J. to Va., Kans. Ecology: Nests in open wooded areas.

Entomognathus lenapeorum Viereck, 1904. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 30: 239. ♀.

Entomognathus memorialis Banks
Conn, to Va., Kans. Ecology: Nests in sandy-loam cliffs, occasionally in
pre-existing burrows, makes 9-20 cells per nest which may be arranged singly, in
fan-shaped clusters, or in tandem; stores 3-9 prey per cell. Prey: Altica ulmi Woods, A.
ynarevagans Horn; adults.
Entomognathus memorialis Banks, 1921. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 14: 16. ♀.

Taxonomy: Miller and Kurczewski, 1972. Psyche 79: 69-72, figs. 5-12 (larva).




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Biology: Miller and Kurczewski, 1972. Psyche 79: 64-69, figs. 1-4 (mating, nest, prey
transport, egg, cocoon).

Entomognathus texanus Cresson
Pa., Kans. to Tex., N. Mex.; Mexico (Tamaulipas). Prey: Diabrofka tricincfa
Say adult.
Entomognathus tejcanus Cresson, 1887. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans., Sup. Vol., p. 286. ♀, ♂.
Anothyreus panurgoides Viereck, 1904. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 30: 239. ♂ (♀ misdet.).

Biology: Cazier and Mortenson, 1965. Pan-Pacific Ent. 41: 33 (prey).

Lindenius armaticeps (Fox)
South. Canada, U. S. northeast from Colo, and Tex. Ecology: Nests in sand

cliffs or in flat hard-packed sand, makes 3-11 cells per nest, stores 3-15 prey per cell.

Parasite: Phrosinella fulvicornis (Coq.), Senotaiyiia sp. ? Prey: Diplotoxa versicolor

(Lw.), Meromyza sp. near pratorum Meig., Parectecepltala eucera (Lw.), P.

sanguinolenta (Lw.), Thaumatomyia glabra (Meig.), T. sp., Cklorops sp.; all prey

records are of Chloropidae.
Crabro ar7naticeps Fox, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 185. ♂.
Crabro flaviclypeus Fox, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 186. ♀.
Crabro\Linde7iius) zellus Rohwer, 1909. Ent. News 20: 151. ♀.

Biology: Kurczewski, 1972. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 45: 399 (prey). —Miller and Kurczewski,
1974 (1973). Ins. Sociaux 20: 368, 372-378 (male-female intraspecific interaction, nest,
parasites). —Miller and Kurczewski, 1975. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 83: 90-96, figs. 1-5 (nest,
prey capture and transport, egg, cocoon, life cycle, parasite).

Lindenius buccadentis Mickel
U. S. east from Wyo., north from Ark. Ecology: Nests in bare, level

hard-packed roadbeds of coarse sand, makes up to 4 cells per completed nest, stores
22-77 prey per cell. Prey: Drapetis sp. near divergens Lw.; Agathis spp., Apanteles
paralechiae Mues., A. sp., Bracon sp., Diaeretus sp., Orgilus sp., Pauesia sp.,
Phanerotoma sp., Rhaconotus cressoni Mues. and Walkl.; Acrolytina sp., Mesochorus
sp., Toxophoroides scitulus (Cr.); Achrysocharella silvia Gir., Chrysocharis sp.,
Closterocerus tricinctus (Ashm.), Enderus sp., Exlophus anomocerus (Cwfd.),
Euplectrus sp., Hyssopus sp., Tetrastichns whitmani (Gir.), T. spp.; Perilampus
fulvicornis Ashm., P. robertsoni Cwfd.; Orinyriis brunneipes Prov.; Capellia sp.,
Erythromalus sp., Gastrancistrus aphidis (Gir.), Pachyneuron siphonophorae (Ashm.),
Pteromalinae sp.; Bruchophagns sp., Endecatoma sp.; Spilochalcis sp.; Charips spp.,
Cynipinae sp.; Apenesia parapolita Evans, Goniozus sp.; Monomorium minimum
(Buckl.), Tapinoma sessile (Say); preferred prey were species of Ichneumonoidea and
Chalcidoidea, and only one dipteran was stored.
Lindenius buccadentis Mickel, 1916. Amer. Ent. Soc. Trans. 42: 427. ♀, ♂.

Biology: Miller and Kurczewski, 1974 (1973). Ins. Sociaux 20: 368, 372-378 (male-female
intraspecific interaction). —Miller and Kurczewski, 1975. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 83: 96-101,
fig. 6 (nest, prey transport, egg, cocoon).




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Lindenius californicus Court and Bohart
Calif.

Lindenius californicus Court and Bohart, 1958. Pan-Pacific Ent. 34: 161, figs. 1, 8, 11. ♂.
9.

Lindenius columbianus (Kohl)
South. Canada, U. S. Ecology: Nests in dense aggregations in firmly

packed clay-sand, occasionally in pre-existing burrows and in sand cliffs, may make up
to 10 cells per nest, stores 8-76 prey per cell. Parasite: Pliwsi^iella fiilviconiis (Coq.),
Senotainia sp. ?; PItalacrotophora halictorum Mel. and Brues ?; Mynnosa unicolor Say?
Prey: Dasyhelea grisea (Coq.), D. spp., Forcipomyia brevipennis (Macq.), Jetikinshelea
magnipennis (Joh.); Chironomus spp., Cricotopus sp., Orthocladius spp., Pamtendipes
subaeqiialis (Mall.), Pentaneitra sp., Procladiiis spp., Psectrocladius sp., Tanytarsus sp.;
Bradysia sp.; Swammerdamella obtusa Cook, S. sagittata Cook, Scatopse fuscipes Meig.;
Anarete johnsoni (Felt), A. pritcliardi Kim, A. spp., Asteromyia carbonifera (0. S.),
Clinodiplosis sp., Dasineura sp., Mayetiola sp., Neolasioptera spp., Ozirhincus millefolii
(Wachtl), Porricondyla sp., Procystiphora sp.; Drapetis sepfeiitrionalis Mel., D. sp.,
Platypalpiis trivialis Lw., P. sp., Rhamphomyia sp.; Chamaernyia juncorum (Fall.),
Leucopis sp.; Madiza pat-va (Adams), Leptometopa halteralis (Coq.), L. latipes (Meig.),
Paraniyia nitens (Lw.); Pliilygria debilis Lw., Hydrellia sp.; Conioscinella
ynelancholica (Beck.), C. minor (Adams), C. triorbiculafa (Sabr.), Diplotoxa versicolor
(Lw.), Hippelates bishoppi Sabr., H. sp. near bishoppi Sabr., Meromyza sp., Olcella
cinerea (Lw.), 0. parva (Adams), 0. qitadrivittata Sabr., 0. trigramma (Lw.), Oscinella
carbonaria (Lw.), O.frit (L.), 0. litteiceps Sabr., 0. so7-or (Macq.), 0. nyubrosa (Lw.), 0.
sp., Siphonella nigripalpis (Mall.); Agromyza sp., Cerodontha dorsalis (Lw.), C. sp.,
Liriomyza sp., Ophiomyia sp., Phytoliriomyza arctica (Lundb.), Pseudonapomyza
lacteipennis (Mall.); Diptera spp.; Orius insidiosus (Say), 0. fristicolor (White);
Chlamydatus associatus (Uhl), Miridae spp.; Lygaeidae sp.; Aphis sp., Capitopkorus
elaeagni (Del Guer.), Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), Schizaphis sp.; Hemiptera spp.;
Agathis spp., Apanteles limentidis Riley, A. xylinus (Say), A. spp., Aphidius obscitripes
Ashm., A. spp., Bracon sp., Cheto7iits sp., Dacnusa sp., Diaeretiella spp., Elasnwso7na
sp., Euphoriana uniforynis Gah., Lysaphidus sp., Lysiphlebus spp., Microplitis sp.,
Orgilus gelechiae (Ashm.), 0. sp., Praon spp., Trioxys spp.; Adelognathus flavopictus
Davis; Polynema sp.; Aprostocetus sp., Clirysocliaris sp., Diaulinopsis callicliroyua
Cwfd., Eiideriis siibopacus (Gah.), Euderus sp., Hemiptarsenus americanus (Gir.),
Hyssopus novus Gir., Necremnus sp., Notanisoynorpha aiyisliei Cwfd., Pnigalio sp.,
Syynpiesis biyiiaculatipennis (Gir.), Tetrasticliits brncliophagi Gah., T. clilaynytis Ashm.,
T.funiipeymis (Gir.), 7". iyicertus (Ratz.), T. semiloyigifasciatus (Gir.), T. tesserus Burks,
r. spp., Entedontini sp.; Copidosoyna sp., Anagyrini sp., Bothriothoracini sp.; Eupelmella
vesicularis (Retz.), Eupebnus allyyiii (French), £/. sp.; Pseudoynetagea schwarzii
(Ashm.), Eucharitidae sp.; Eiridoyitonierus isosonatis (Riley), Pseitdotorymus lazulellus
(Ashm.); Asaphes liicens (Prov.), Ecrizotes sp., Erixestus wiyinemanyia Cwfd.,
Habrocytus sp., Halticoptera patellanyia (Dalm.), H. sp., Heteroscheyna sp., Hoynoporus
chalcidiphagus (Walsh and Riley), H.febriculosus (Gir.), Mesopolobiis sp., Pachynenroyi
allograptae Ashm., P. siphonopliorae (Ashm.), P. sp., Parecrizotes y)iarylayidensis Gir.,
Ptero7)ialus pitparii))! (L.), P. uayiessae Harr., Systasis sp., Tridyniiis sp., Pirenini sp.,
Pteromalini sp., Tridymini sp.; Briichophagus sp., Eudecatoyna sp., Eurytoyna sp.,
Harniolita sp.. Systole sp., Spilochalcis albifrons (Walsh); Chalcidoidea sp.; Lygocerus
sp.; Lasiiis sp.; Spiloniena pusilla (Say); prey preferences vary at different localities
depending upon ecological factors; Chironomidae are preferred prey in nesting sites
near water; in other areas Pteromalidae, Scatopsidae, Chloropidae, Eulophidae,
Ceratopogonidae, Milichiidae, Cecidomyiidae, Eucharitidae and Anthocoridae are
important as prey. Predator: Pliilantlius pulcher D. T., P. pacificiis Cr.

Crabro (Lindenius) coluynbianus Kohl, 1892. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus., Ann. 7: 203. ♀.

Crabro errans Fox, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 184. ♀, ♂.

Crabro piyiguis Fox, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 186 9.

Awmoplanus salicis Cockerell, 1897. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) 19: 402. ♀.

Biology: Evans, 1970. Mus. Compar. Zool. 140: 491 (nest, prey, predators). —Miller and
Kurczewski, 1974 (1973). Ins. Sociaux 20: 368-378, 1 fig. (male-female intraspecific
interactions, nest, prey, parasites ?). —Miller and Kurczewski, 1975. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour.




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83: 101-115, figs. 7-15 (nest, prey capture and transport, egg, cocoon, life cycle). — Bohart
and Menke, 1976. Sphecid wasps of world, p. 383 (nest, prey capture and transport).

Lindenius inyoensis Court and Bohart
Calif., Nev.

Lindenius inyoensis Court and Bohart, 1958. Pan-Pacific Ent. 34: 164, figs. 3, 5, 14. ♀, ♂.

Lindenius latifrons (Fox)
Tex.

Crabro latifrons Fox, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 185. ♀.

Lindenius montezuma (Cameron)
South. Calif, to west. Tex.; Mexico (Guanajuato, Guerrero).

Crabro montezuma Cameron, 1891. Biol. Cent.-Amer., Hym., v. 2, p. 151, pi. 9, fig. 13, 13a.

9, (J.
Lindenius (.Trackelosimus) dugesianus Leclercq, 1950. Inst. Roy. Sci. Nat. Belg., Bui. 26,
no. 6, p. 1. ♀.

Lindenius neomexicanus Court and Bohart
N. Mex., Colo.

Lindenius neomexicanus Court and Bohart, 1958. Pan-Pacific Ent. 34: 166, figs. 2, 4, 6, 13.
9,cJ.

Lindenius tecuya Pate
Calif. Ecology: Nests in mixed sand-gravel at edge of river. Prey: Diptera spp., 6
families; Chalcidoidea spp., 3 families; Anthocoridae sp.
Lindenius {Trackelosimus) tecuya Pate, 1947. Notulae Nat. 185: 5. ♀, ♂.

Biology: Bohart and Menke, 1976. Sphecid wasps of world, pp. 383-384 (nest, prey).

Lindenius tylotis Court and Bohart
Calif. Ecology: Nests in silty soil at creek edge, makes 4-24 cells per
nest, and stores an average of 8 prey per cell. Parasite: Myrmosa bradleyi Rob. Prey:
Diptera spp.; Hemiptera spp.; Hymenoptera spp.
Lindenius tylotis Court and Bohart, 1958. Pan-Pacific Ent. 34: 164, figs. 9, 10, 12. cJ , 9 .

Taxonomy: Evans, 1959. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 85: 162-163, figs. 51-53 (larva).

Biology: Bohart and Menke, 1976. Sphecid wasps of world, p. 383 (nest, prey, parasite).

clavipes clavipes (Linnaeus). Maine, N. H., R. I., Md., Idaho, Wash., Oreg., Calif.; cent, and
south Europe. Ecology: In Europe nests in straws, stores 16-26 psocid prey per cell.
Prey: In Europe Gmphopsocus cruciatus (L.), Peripsocns pliaeopterus (Ste.), Ellipsocus
westwoodi Mclack., Mesopsocus immunis (Ste.), Loenisia variegata (Latr.), Hyperates
questfalicus Kolb.; mostly adult females, a few nymphs, one adult male. Another subsp.
occurs in Japan.

Sphex clavipes Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., ed. 10, p. 569.

Crabro rufiventris Panzer, 1799. Faunae Ins. German., heft 72, fig. 12.

Taxonomy: Marechal, 1929. Soc. Ent. France, Ann. 98: 115-116 (larva).

Biology: Freeman, 1938. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc, Ser. A, 13: 1-2 (nest, prey, cocoon, life
cycle in England).

rufigaster Packard. U. S. e. of 100th meridian. Ecology: Nests in pith of green and dead
Hibiscus stems and in old anobiid borings in wood, makes 3-27 cells per nest, stores
29-50 prey per cell. Parasite: Tetrabaeus americanus (Brues); Eurytoma inoiiiata
Bugb.; Diomorus zabriskiei Cr.; Ptychoneura aristalis (Coq.). Prey: Chironomus fulvus
Job., C. modestus Say, C. neomodestus Mall., C. nervosus Staeg., C. nigrovittatus Mall,
C. xenolabis (K.), Cricotopus spp., Calopsectra sp., Procladius culicifo7-77iis (L.),
Tayiytarsus sp., Orthocladiinae sp., Chironomidae spp.; Polymeda cana (Wlkr.); Bezzia
setulosa (Lw.).

Rhopalum rufigaster Packard, 1867. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 6: 382. ♀, ♂.

Rhopalum lucidum Rohwer, 1909. Ent. News 20: 324. ♀.

Taxonomy: Evans, 1964. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 90: 291-292, fig. 110 (larva).

Biology: Krombein, 1958. Biol. Soc. Wash., Proc. 71: 26 (nest, prey transport). — Krombein,
1964. Biol. Soc. Wash., Proc. 77: 92-98, figs. 12-14 (nest, prey, life cycle, cocoon, parasites).

Moniaecera abdominalis (Fox)
Ga., Tex., Kans., Ariz. Ecology: Nests in sand. Prey: Tylozygus bifidus
(Say).
Crabro abdominalis Fox, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 198. ♀.

Biology: Hartman, 1905. Tex. Acad. Sci., Trans. 7: 57-58 (nest, prey).

Moniaecera asperata (Fox)
Tex., N. Mex., Ariz., Calif. Ecology: Nests in powdery clay-sand or hard
packed soil, 2-3 females sharing same burrow entrance but presumably making
individual cells stored with about 20 prey each. Prey: Procladius sp. near bellus (Lw.);
Heteropsyllus texana Cwfd., Aphalaroida spp., Paratrioza sp.; Circulifer tenellus
(Bak.), Empoasca abnipta DeLong, Erythroneura sp., Typhlocybinae sp.; Miridae sp.; all
prey were adults.
Crabro asperatus Fox, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 199. ♂.

Taxonomy: Evans, 1964. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 90: 293-294, figs. 74-77 (larva).

Biology: Evans, 1964. Ins. Sociaux 11: 71-78, 3 figs, (communal nesting, prey transport).

— Cazier and Mortenson, 1964. Pan-Pacific Ent. 40: 111-114, 1 fig. (nest, prey).

Moniaecera evansi Pate
Ariz. (Tucson).

Moniaecera evansi Pate, 1947. Ent. News 57: 239. ♂.

Moniaecera foxiana Pate
Calif.

Moniaecera {M oniaecera) foxiana Pate, 1948. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 74: 49. ♀, ♂.

Moniaecera pinal Pate
Ariz., Calif.

Moniaecera pinal Pate, 1947. Notulae Nat. 185: 10. ♂.

Huavea pima Court and Bohart
Ariz. (Santa Cruz and Pima Co's.).

Huavea pima Court and Bohart, 1966. Pan-Pacific Ent. 42: 331, figs. 1, 2. ♂, ♀.




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Crossocerus chromatipus Pate
Nev., Calif., Greg., Wash.

Crabro pictipes Fox, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 187. ♂. Preocc.
Crossocenis (Crossocerus) chromatipus Pate, 1944 (1943). Lloydia 6: 280. N. name.

Crossocerus decorus (Fox)
Nebr., Colo., Utah, west. Tex. to south. Calif., south in Mexico to Chiapas.
Ecology: Nests in sand, clay, and softer spots of rocky root-shrouded stream banks;
pre-existing burrows of other insects are used and new side branches are constructed,
resulting in twisted burrows 8.5-15.0 cm long, weakly branched, with tight clusters or
linear series of cells grouped around end of burrow; up to 9 cells per nest with 8-29
prey per cell. Prey: Chloropidae, Pipunculidae, Stratiomyidae, Ceratopogonidae,
Empididae, Sciaridae, Dolichopodidae, Tachinidae, SimuHidae, Tephritidae, Agromyzidae,
Chironomidae.
Crabro decorus Fox, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 200. ♀.

Biology: Cockerell, 1898. Davenport Acad. Nat. Sci., Proc 7: 148 (nest). —Smith, 1908. Nebr.
Univ. Studies 8: 395 (nest).

Crossocerus elongatulus
***authority mismatch
elongatulus Vander Linden. Transit, and U. Austr. Zones, N. S., Que., Gnt., Maine
to Va. west to Utah and Wash; Palaearctic south of Arctic Circle including North
Africa; adventive in Argentina. Ecology: In Europe it is recorded as nesting in soil or
wood, and sometimes in pre-existing burrows of wood-boring insects; nests have been
found in such odd habitats as soil clinging to roots of fallen trees, old mortar of
buildings, crevices in stone walls, and in cracks of rock outcrops; communal nesting has
been reported once. Parasite: In Europe a species of Macron ychia has been recorded.
Prey: Chloropidae, Lauxaniidae, Scatopsidae, Cecidomyiidae, Empididae, Phoridae,
Dolichopodidae, Syrphidae, Agromyzidae, Milichiidae, Tachinidae, Ephydridae,




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Drosophilidae, Diastatidae, Calliphoridae, Stratiomyidae, Muscidae, Sciaridae, and one

record of Aphidoidea. Another subspecies occurs in Sicily.
Crossocerus elongatulus Vander Linden, 1829. Nouv. Mem. Acad. Roy. Sci., Belles-Lettres

Bruxelles 5: 64. ♂, ♀.
Crossocerus varipes Lepeletier and Brulle, 1834. Soc. Ent. France, Ann. 3: 773. ♀, ♂.
Crossocerus pallidipalpis Lepeletier and Brulle, 1834. Soc. Ent. France, Ann. 3: 779. ♀, ♂.
Crossocerus morio Lepeletier and Brulle, 1834. Soc. Ent. France, Ann. 3: 781. ♀, ♂.
Crossocerus affinis Lepeletier and Brulle, 1834. Soc. Ent. France, Ann. 3: 781. ♂.
Crossocems luteipalpis Lepeletier and Brulle, 1834. Soc. Ent. France, Ann. 3: 785. ♂.
Crossocerus a^mulatus Lepeletier and Brulle, 1834. Soc. Ent. France, Ann. 3: 787. ♀.
Crabro proximus Shuckard, 1837. Essay on Indig. Fossor. Hym., p. 156. 6. This is a

questionable synonym.
Crabro hyalinus Shuckard, 1837. Essay on Indig. Fossor. Hym., p. 161. ♀.
Crabro transversalis Shuckard, 1837. Essay on Indig. Fossor. Hym., p. 162. ♂.
Crabro obliquus Shuckard, 1837. Essay on Indig. Fossor. Hym., p. 167. ♀, ♂.
Crabro propinquus Shuckard, 1837. Essay on Indig. Fossor. Hym., p. 168. ♂.
Crossocerus elongatus Lepeletier, 1845. Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 3, p. 193. Lapsus or

emend.
Crabro scntellaris Smith, 1851. List Brit. Anim. Brit. Mus. 6: 121. ♀. Preocc.
Crabro sulcus Fox, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 187. ♀.
Ischnolynthus foveolatus Holmberg, 1903. Mus. Nat. Buenos Aires, An. 9: 472. ♂.
Stenocrabro plesius Rohwer, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 41: 472. ♂.
Crossocenis elongatus berlaiidi Richards, 1928. Soc. Ent. France, BuL, p. 223. ♂.

Biology: Leclercq, 1954. Monog. Syst., Phylogen., Zoogeogr. Crabron., Hym. p. 307 (nest,

prey, refs. to biol. in Europe).

Crossocerus eriogoni (Rohwer)
Alta., Colo., N. Mex., Ariz.; Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Zacatecas,

Durango, Mexico). Ecology: Nests in softer spots of rocky root-shrouded stream banks;
apparently nests in pre-existing burrows of other insects and makes a sometimes
branched burrow 8-16 cm long; makes up to 3 cells per nest in a small cluster at end of
burrow and stores 18-22 prey per cell. Prey: Pipunculidae, Chloropidae, Tephritidae,
Empididae, Chamaemyiidae.

Crabro (Crossoceros (.')) eriogoni Rohwer, 1908. Ent. News 19: 256. ♀.

Crossocerus lentus (Fox)
Que. west to B. C, Yukon Terr., N. W. T., Alaska south to Fla. and N. Mex.,

apparently not occurring west of Rocky Mts. in U. S. Ecology: Nests in vertical banks
of sand and in stony, root-shrouded banks of firm clayey sand; pre-existing burrows are
used and new side branches are constructed with clusters of cells located around, off to
the side, or at the end of the main burrow; burrows are 7.0-10.5 cm long, linear or
branched; up to 12 cells per nest with 5-30 prey per cell, newly captured prey stored at
end of burrow, not in cell. Prey: Simuliidae, Chloropidae, Empididae, Ceratopogonidae,
Chironomidae, Agromyzidae.

Crabro scutellatus Say, 1824. In Keating, Narr. Long's 2nd Exped., v. 2, p. 341. ♀. Preocc.
N. syn. (R. C. Miller).

Crabro lentus Fox, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 190. ♀.

Crabro scutellifer Dalla Torre, 1897. Cat. Hym., v. 8, p. 625. N. name. N. syn. (R. C. Miller).

Biology: Peckham and Peckham, 1905. Wasps, Social and Solitary, p. 101 (nest, prey).

Crossocerus maculiclypeus (Fox)
Newfoundland west to B. C, Yukon Terr., N. W. T., Alaska, south to Pa.
and Kans. in the east, and to N. Mex. and Calif, in the west. Ecology: Nests in sparsely
vegetated sand, burrows 4.0-11.5 cm long, extremely variable in shape, but main burrow
usually enters at acute angle to surface; entrances usually concealed under small sand
ledges or leaves, at bases of plants, or in depressions; cells arranged in clusters at the
end of or off to the side of the main burrow with up to 9 cells per nest, each cell with
5-20 prey; pre-existing burrows are often used but new burrows are begun in small
crevices or depressions in sand; newly captured prey sometimes stored in open cell at
end of burrow, sometimes at end of burrow in a section only slightly or not at all
widened. Prey: Helobia sp., Molophilus sp.; Palpomyia sp.; Cricotopus sp., Hydrobaenus
sp., Chironomidae sp.; Bradysia sp.; Drapetis sp., Hilara femorata Lw., Platypalpus




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holosericHs Mel., P. cellariiis Mel., P. xanthopodus Mel, Bicellaria pedinata Mel.,

Rhamphomyia sp.; Chrysotus sp., Peloropeodes sp., Thrypticus willistoni (Whir.);

Conioscinella melanclwlica Beck., C. sp., Meromyza sp., Oscinella sp., Chlorops sp.;

Agromyza sp., Liriomyza sp., Melanagromyza sp., Ophiomyia labiatarum Her.,

Phytobia sp., Phytomyza sp.; F.s(7a ajigustata Cr., P. ros«e F.; Rhagolefis faiista (0. S.);

Pliinomia elegans Curr.; Coenosiinae sp.; preferred prey are Brachycera and

acalyptrate Cyclorrhapha. Predator: Philanthus pacificus Cr.
Cra6ro niaculiclypeus Fox, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 189. ♀, ♂.
Thyreopus (Crossocerus) daeckei Rohwer, 1910. Ent. Soc. Wash., Free. 12: 51. ♀.

Biology: Kurczewski, Burdick and Gaumer, 1969. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 77: 92-104, 8 figs,
(nest, prey transport). —Evans, 1970. Mus. Compar. Zool., Bui. 140: 491-492 (nest, prey).

Crossocerus minimus (Packard)
N. B. to Ont., N. W. T., Maine to N. C. west to S. Dak. and Tex.
Blepharipus viinimus Packard, 1867. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 6: 377. ♀, ♂.
Crabro propinquxs Fox, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 189. ♀. Preocc.
Crossocerus (Crossocerus) pelas Pate, 1944 (1943). Lloydia 6: 280. N. name.

Crossocerus planifemur Krombein
N. Y. to N. C, W. Va. Ecology: Nests in abandoned beetle borings in
logs.
Crossocerus (Crossocerus) planifemur Krombein, 1952. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 54: 181. ♀.

(c5 misdet.).
Crossocents (Crossocerus) spangleri Krombein, 1962. Biol. Soc. Wash., Proc. 75: 16. 6,(9
misdet.). N. syn. (R. C. Miller).

Biology: Krombein, 1952. Ent. Soc Wash., Proc. 54: 182 (nest).

Crossocerus planipes (Fox)
Newfoundland to B. C, Yukon, N. W. T., Alaska, Maine to Ga. west to Wash,
and Calif. Ecology: Usually nests in vertical sand or clay banks, but has been found
nesting in level or gently sloping bare soil; nests are 10-40 cm long, straight or curved,
rarely branched; cells arranged in irregular linear series or tight clusters, up to 7 cells
per nest, each new group of cells started at a point farther along main burrow than
most recent cell of preceding group; females investigate and eventually renovate
pre-existing burrows and holes; 6-20 prey stored per cell; newly captured prey stored in
cell at end of burrow or at unwidened end of burrow. Prey: Procladius bellus (Lw.);
Chelifera sp., Chersodromia sp., Drapetis sp., Hilara testacea Lw., Leptopeza borealis
Zett., Oedalia oliioensis Mel., Platypalpus holosericus Mel; Rhamphomyia pusio Lw.,
Trichina nura Mel.; Chrysotus sp.; Psila sp.; Homoneura disjimcta (Johns.), Minettia
sp.; Meromyza sp., Parectecephala saiiguinolenta (Lw.).

Crabro incavus Fox, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 188. ♀.

Crabro planipes Fox, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 193. ♂.

Crabro (Crossoceros (!)) cockerelli Rohwer, 1908. Ent. News 19: 255. "♀"=♂.6.

Taxonomy: Bohart and Menke, 1976. Sphecid wasps of world, p. 402 (synonymy).

Biology: Rau, 1922. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 24: 21 (nest). —Krombein, 1964. Brooklyn

Ent. Soc, Bui. 58: 119-120 (nest, prey).

Crossocerus similis (Fox)
Ont., Vt. and N. Y. to Fla., Mich., Wis., Ohio, 111., Tenn.

Crabro similis Fox, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 191. ♀.

Stenocrabroflavitrochantericus Viereck, 1904. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 30: 242. ♀.

Crossocerus wesmaeli Vander Linden
N. W. T.; widespread in Europe, Russia, Manchuria and Japan.
Ecology: In Europe nests in sand, loess and clay cliffs, cells scattered 2-5 cm below
surface, burrows Hnear or simply branched, up to 9 cells per nest, stores 8-39 prey per
cell; newly captured prey stored in open cell at end of burrow. Prey: In Europe
Ceratopogonidae, Chironomidae, Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, Agromyzidae, Ephydridae,
Tipulidae, Chloropidae, Empididae, Chamaemyiidae, Simuliidae; Psocoptera;
Cicadellidae; Anthocoridae.

Crabro Wesmaeli Vander Linden, 1829. Nouv. Mem. Acad. Roy. Sci., Belles-Lettres
Bruxelles 5: 65. ♀, ♂.

Ceratocolus Ziegleri Lepeletier and Brulle, 1834. Soc. Ent. France, Ann. 3: 748. ♀.

Ceratocolus maurus Lepeletier and Brulle, 1834. Soc. Ent. France, Ann. 3: 748. ♀.




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Biology: Leclercq, 1954. Monog. Syst., Phylogen., Zoogeogr. Hym. Crabron., pp. 307-308 (nest,
prey, refs. to bioi. in Europe). — Tsuneki, 1960. Fac. Liberal Arts, Fuitui Univ., Mem., Ser.
2, No. 10, pp. 47-48 (nest, prey).

Crossocerus xanthochilos Pate
Md. to Ga. west to Te.\., Mo., Kans., 111. Ecology: Nests in clay bank. Prey:
Condylostylus sp.
Crossocerus {Yuchiha) xanthochilos Pate, 1944 (1943). Lloydia 6: 274. ♀.

Taxonomy: Krombein, 1952. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 78: 96. ♂.

Biology: Rau, 1922. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 24: 21 (nest; misdet. as scutellatus).

Crossocerus xanthognathus (Rohwer)
Ariz.; Mexico (Chihuahua).

Thyreopiis (Crossocerus) xanthognathus Rohwer, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 40: 566. ♀.

Crossocerus unicus (Patton)
Conn., N. Y., Pa., Mich., Ind., Minn., Mont., Man.
Blepharipus unicus Patton, 1879. Canad. Ent. 11: 214. ♀.
Stenocrabro nelli Viereck, 1904. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 30: 241. ♀.

Crossocerus insolens (Fox)
N. Y., Mich., Mo., Colo., Utah, Ariz., Calif., Oreg. Ecology: Nests in Sambucus
stems. Parasite: Diomorus zabriskiei Cr. Prey: Pachyneuron sp.; Tetrastichus
pattersonae Full., T. sp.
Crabro insolens Fox., 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 192. ♀.
Crabro (E picrossocerus) universitatis Rohwer, 1909. Ent. News 20: 152. 9. N. syn. (R. C.

Miller).
E picrossocerus raui Rohwer, 1923. Ent. Soc Wash., Proc 25: 99. 9. N. syn. (R. C. Miller).

Biology: Parker and Bohart, 1966. Pan-Pacific Ent. 42: 94 (nest, prey, parasite).

Crossocerus angelicus (Kincaid)
Nebr., Alta., Mont, and Wyo. west to B. C. and north. Calif. Prey: Muscoid
Diptera.
Crabro angelicus Kincaid, 1900. Ent. News 11: 358. "♀"=♂.
Crabro (Hoplocrabro) vierecki Smith, 1908. Nebr. Univ. Studies 8: 401. ♀.
Crabro (Hoplocrabro) boulderensis Rohwer, 1909. Ent. News 20: 323. ♂.
Crabro (Hoplocrabro) spinibticcus Viereck, 1909. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 11: 44. ♀.

Biology: Krombein, 1967. U. S. Dept. Agr., Monog. 2, Sup. 2: 420 (prey).

Type-species: Crabro piibescens Shuckard. Desig. by Richards, 1935.
Dolkhocrabro Ashmead, 1899. Canad. Ent. 31: 216.

Type-species: Dolkhocrabro Wkkhamii Ashmead. Orig. desig.
Acantlwcrabro Perkins, 1913. Ent. Soc. London, Trans., p. 391. N.. syn. (R. C. Miller).

Type-species: Crabro vagabmidus Panzer. Monotypic.
Crossocerits subg. Nothocrabro Pate, 1944 (1943). Lloydia 6: 314. N. syn. (R. C. Miller).

Type-species: Crabro nitidiventris Fox. Orig. desig.
Crossocenis subg. Stktoptila Pate, 1944 (1943). Lloydia 6: 315. N. syn. (R. C. Miller).

Type-species: Crabro confertus Fox. Orig. desig.
Crossocenis subg. Neoblepkaripiis Leclercq, 1968. Soc. Roy. Sci. Liege, Bui. 27: 98. N. syn.
(R. C. Miller).

Type-species: Crossocenis (Neoblepharipiis) potosus Leclercq. Orig. desig.
Crossocenis subg. Feiitis Tsuneki, 1971. Etizenia 51: 13. N. syn. (R. C. Miller).

Type-species: Crossocenis (Fentis) quinquedentatus Tsuneki. Orig. desig.
Crossocenis subg. Bnunius Tsuneki, 1971. Etizenia 51: 15. N. syn. (R. C. Miller).

Type-species: Crossocenis {Bnunius) domkola Tsuneki. Orig. desig.

These species nest in the soft pith of plant stems or twigs, or in decaying wood. Most species
make a series of linear cells separated by partitions of particles of the substrate.

Revision: Pate, 1944 (1943). Lloydia 6: 290-312 (N. Amer. spp.).

Crossocerus annulipes
***authority mismatch
annulipes (Lepeletier and Brulle). N. S. to B. C. south to Ga., Utah, Nev. and Calif.;
widely distributed in Palaearctic Region except Japan. Ecology: In North America nests
in rotting stumps and logs, and in old anobiid burrows in structural timber, stores 4-46
prey per cell. Prey: Alebra albostriella (Fall.), Riboutiana ? sp., Empoa ? sp., Empoasca
alboneiira Gill., E. bifurcata DeL., E. bipiinctata (Osh.), E. birdii Godg., E. erigeron
DeL., E.fabae Harr., E. gelbata DeL. and Dav., E. livingstoni Gill., E. maligna Walsh,
E. obtusa Walsh, E. patula DeL., E. pergandei Gill., E. solayia DeL., E. spp.,
Edwardsiana rosae (L.), Typhlocyba gillettei Van D., T. pomaria McAtee, T. australis
Frogg., T. modesta Gibson, T. melite Mcatee, T. sp. or Ossiannilssonola sp.,
Erythroneiira comes (Say), E. confinnata McAtee, E. dowelli Beamer, E. lawsoniana
Baker, E. tricincta Fitch, E. vulnerata Fitch, E. ziczac Walsh, E. lawsoni Rob., E. vitis
(Harr.), E. hartii (Gill.), E. magnacalx Beamer, E. elegans McAtee, E. rubra (Gill.), E.
albescens Beamer; adults are the preferred prey but some nymphs are stored; many
other leafhoppers are recorded as prey in Europe; Miridae sp.; Chironomidae sp.
Another subsp. occurs in Japan.

Blepharipus annulipes Lepeletier and Brulle, 1834. Soc. Ent. France, Ann. 3: 729. ♀.

Crossocenis gonager Lepeletier and Brulle, 1834. Soc. Ent. France, Ann. 3: 785. ♀.

Crabro nigritus Gimmerthal, 1836. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscow, Bui. 9: 435.

Crabro ambiguiis Dahlbom, 1842. Dispos. Method. Spec. Scand. Ins. Hym., p. 14. ♀.

Crabro (Crossocenis) capito Zeller, 1845. In Dahlbom, Hym Europaea, v. 1, p. 524.

Blepharipus parkeri Banks, 1921. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 14: 17. ♀.

Crabro (Blepharipus) davidsoni Sandhouse, 1938. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 31: 1. ♀, ♂.

Taxonomy: Evans, 1957. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 83: 106, figs. 69-74 (larva).

Biology: Davidson and Landis, 1938. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 31: 5-8, 3 figs, (nest, prey, life

cycle). — Krombein, 1958. Biol. Soc. Wash., Proc. 71: 26 (nest, prey, life cycle). — Michener,

1971. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 44: 405-407 (nest, prey).

Crossocerus barbipes (Dahlbom)
Que. to B. C, Alaska, Yukon Terr, south to N. C, Tenn., and S. Dak., in
mts. to N. Mex. and Calif.; north. Palaearctic, Lapland and Holland to Japan. Ecology:
Nests in hole in wooden shingle and in twigs of Salix and Sambucus, and in dead
standing tree. Prey: Empoasca sp., possibly obtusa Walsh or patula DeL.; in Japan
preys upon small Diptera, storing 3-6 prey per cell.

Crabro barbipes Dahlbom, 1845. Hym. Europaea, v. 1, p. 521. ♂.

Crabro ater Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 477. ♀. Preocc. N. syn. (R. C. Miller).

Crabro hirtipes Morawitz, 1866. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersburg, Bui. 9: 258. ♂.

Dolichocrabro Wickhamii Ashmead, 1899. Canad. Ent. 31: 215. 6. N. syn. (R. C. Miller).

Dolichocrabro wickhami Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 133. ♂. Preocc. N. syn.
(R. C. MUler).




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Crossocerus (Blepharipus) pammelas Pate, 1944 (1943). Lloydia 6: 299. N. name. N. syn.
(R. C. Miller).

Biology: Steyskal, 1944. Brooklyn Ent. See, Bui. 39: 170 (nest, prey). — Tsuneki, 1960. Fac.
Lib. Arts Fukui Univ., Mem. Ser. 2, Nat. Sci. (10) 1: 42 (nest, prey).

Crossocerus cinctipes (Provancher)
Newfoundland, N. B., N. S. west to Alaska, Yukon Terr., N. W. T.,
south to Md., Mich., Minn, and in the mts. to N. Mex. and Calif.
PlepharipusV.) cinctipes Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13: 133. ♂.

Crabro niger Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 419. ♀. Preocc.
Crabro nigror Fox, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 196. ♀.
Crabro nigrior Fox, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 80. Emend.
Crabro semis Dalla Torre, 1897. Cat. Hym., v. 8, p. 626. N. name.
Stenocrabro cinctitarsis Ashmead, 1901. Psyche 9: 185. ♂.
Blepharipus columhiae Bradley, 1906. Canad. Ent. 38: 380. ♀.
Thyreopus (Blepharipus) utensis Mickel, 1916. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 42: 421. ♀.
Thyreopus (subgenus?) stygius Mickel, 1916. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 42: 422. ♀.

Crossocerus fergusoni Pate
Utah, Nev., Calif., Oreg. Ecology: Nests in Sambucus stems. Parasite:
Diomorus zabriskiei Cr.; Aniobia floridensis (Tns.), Macronychia sp. Prey:
Stratiomyidae ? sp.; Empididae; Muscoid Diptera.
Crossocerus {Blepharipus) fergusoni Pate, 1944 (1943). Lloydia 6: 307. ♂.

Taxonomy: Evans, 1957. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 83: 107, figs. 97-98 (larva). —Evans, 1959.
Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 85: 165, fig. 61 (larva).

Biology: Krombein, 1951. U. S. Dept. Agr., Monog. 2: 1022 (prey). —Parker and Bohart, 1966.
Pan-Pacific Ent. 42: 94 (nest, parasites).

Crossocerus harringtonii (Fox)
Que. west to B. C, south to Ga., Tenn., Kans. and Mont. Ecology: Reared
from branches of white oak.
Crabro Harringtonii Fox, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 195. ♀.

Taxonomy: Krombein, 1952. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc 54: 184. ♂.

Crossocerus impressifrons (Smith)
Ont., Mass. south to Fla., west to Nebr. and Ark. Ecology: Nests in

rotten log and in dense frass beneath tight bark of dead American elm logs, and in

hickory; one nest 10 cm long, branching and with 6 cells, some in Hnear series. Prey:

Condylostylus sp., Dolichopodidae sp.; Tephritidae; Empididae; Syrphidae;

Chironomidae; Trichoptera sp.
Crabro tibialis Say, 1824. In Keating, Narr. Long's 2nd Exped., v. 2, p. 340. ♀. Preocc.
Crabro pusillus Harris, 1835. In Hitchcock, Rpt. Geol., Mineral. Bot. Zool. Mass., p. 68.

Nom. nud.
Crabro impressifrons Smith, 1856. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 4, p. 417. N. name.
Blepharipus scutellatus Packard, 1867. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 6: 375. ♂. Preocc.
Blepharipus Harrisii Packard, 1867. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 6: 376. ♂.
Crabro (Blepharipus) trideyitatus Rohwer, 1909. Ent. News 20: 150. ♀, ♂. Preocc.

Crossocerus maculipennis (Smith)
Que. to B. C. south to Va., W. Va., 111., Minn, and in mts. to N. Mex. and

Calif. Ecology: Nests in cavities in log and old apple tree. Prey: Nephrotoma tenuis

(Lw.), Pales ferrugineus (F.), Tipulidae sp.
Blepharipus maculatus Lepeletier and Brulle, 1834. Soc. Ent. France, Ann. 3: 730. ♀.

Preocc.
Crabro pictus Smith, 1856. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 4, p. 417. N. name. Preocc.
Crabro maculipennis Smith, 1856. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 4, p. 417. N. name.
Crabro confertus Fox, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 181. ♀, ♂.
Crabro ventralis Fox, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 183. ♀.
Crabro canonicola Viereck, 1908. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 33: 402. ♀.
Crabro albertus Carter, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57: 135. ♂.

Biology: Erikson, 1940. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 35: 172 (nest, prey). —Krombein, 1951. U. S.
Dept. Agr., Monog. 2: 1023 (prey).

Crossocerus maculitarsis (Cameron)
Ariz., Tex.; Mexico (Guerrero, Morelos, Chiapas). Ecology: Reared
from Quercus.
Crabro maculitarsis Cameron, 1891. Biol. Cent.-Amer., Hym., v. 2, p. 154. ♀.




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Crossocerus melanius (Rohwer)
Alta., Colo., N. Mex., Ariz.; Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, Morelos).
Thyreopus (Blepharipus) melanius Rohwer, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 40: 565. ♀, ♂.

Crossocerus nigricornis (Provancher)
Newfoundland to B. C, Yukon and Alaska, south to N. C, Tenn.,
Nebr., in mts. south to N. Mex. and Calif. Ecology: Nests in Sambiiciis stems and in
twig of Hving box elder tree; one nest 20.5 cm long, Hnear, contained 11 cells each with
6-14 prey per cell. Prey: Primarily Dolichopodidae and Empididae especially
Platypalpus sp., but also Ceratopogonidae, Mycetophilidae, Chironomidae, Tipulidae,
Phoridae, Chloropidae, other acalyptrate Cyclorrhapha, Muscidae and Anthomyiidae.
Blepharipus nigriconiis Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 294.
(J.

Biology: Pate, 1944 (1943). Lloydia 6: 306-307 (nest, prey).

Crossocerus nitidiventris (Fox)
Que. and Ont. to Ga. west to Minn, and Tex. Prey: Neplirotoma virescens
Lw., Tipulidae sp.
Crabro nitidiventris Fox, 1892. Ent. News 3: 9. ♀.

Taxonomy: Krombein, 1953. Wasmann Jour. Biol. 10: 338. ♀.

Biology: Krombein, 1967. U. S. Dept. Agr., Monog. 2, Sup. 2, p. 420 (prey).

Crossocerus stictochilos Pate
Mass. to Ga., Mich., Ill, Ark. Ecology: Nests in pith of green Hibiscus stem.
Prey: Diptera.
Crossocerus (Blepharipus) stictochilos Pate, 1944 (1943). Lloydia 6: 304. ♀, ♂.

Biology: Krombein, 1964. Biol. See. Wash., Proc. 77: 90 (nest, prey, cocoon, life cycle).

Crossocerus stricklandi Pate
Alta., B. C, Wyo., Colo., Utah.

Crossocerus (Blepharipus) stricklaiidi Pate, 1944 (1943). Lloydia 6: 301. ♂.

Crossocerus tarsalis (Fox)
Que., Ont., Maine south to Ga., west to Tenn., Mo., Mich., Colo., Idaho.

Crabro tarsalis Fox, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 193. ♂.

Tracheliodes amu Pate
N. Mex., Ariz. Ecology: Nests in borings in wood, constructs a brood chamber in
which 1-3 wasps develop, stores as many as 42 prey per egg. Prey: Liometopuni
occidentale luctuosuni Whir, workers.
Tracheliodes amu Pate, 1942. Lloydia 5: 235. ♂.

Taxonomy: Evans, 1964. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 90: 290-291, figs. 104-109 (larva).

Biology: Krombein, 1967. Trap-nesting wasps and bees, pp. 257-259, figs. 68, 69 (nest, prey,
life cycle, cocoon).

Tracheliodes foveolineatus (Viereck)
Colo., Oreg., Calif. Ecology: Nests in Sambucus stems. Prey:
Liometopuni occidentale luctuosiim Whir, workers.
Crabro (Cuphopterus) foveolineatus Viereck, 1909. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 11: 44. ♀.

Biology: Parker and Bohart, 1966. Pan-Pacific Ent. 42: 95 (nest, prey).

Tracheliodes hicksi Sandhouse
Colo., Ariz. Prey: Liometopuni sp. workers.
Tracheliodes hicksi Sandhouse, 1936. Ent. News 47: 2. ♀.

Biology: Hicks, 1936. Ent. News 47: 4-7 (prey capture).




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Crabro aequalis Fox
U. S. east of 100th meridian, north to N. J. and N. Dak., south to Fla.
Crabro aequalis Fox, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 164. ♀.
Paranothyreus nigicollis Viereck, 1904. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 30: 241. ♂.
Thyreopus (subgenus?) knoxensis Mickel, 1916. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 42: 424. ♂.

Crabro cingulatus (Packard)
N. J. to Ala. west to Wis., Nebr., Tex.; Mexico. Ecology: Nests in
vertical sand banks, makes 2-8 cells per nest, stores 11-20 flies per cell. Prey:
Paralimna punctipennis (Wied.).
Thyreopus cingulatus Packard, 1867. Ent. Soc Phila., Proc 6: 366. d, (9 misdet.).
Crabro clarconis Viereck, 1906. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 32: 213. ♀.

Biology: Rau and Rau, 1918. Wasp Studies Afield, pp. 96-101, figs. 24-26 (nest, prey

transport). —Rau, 1938. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 31: 543.

Crabro cognatus Fox
Alta., U. S. except Pacific States, N. H. to Ga. west to Mont., Utah and Tex.

Crabro cognatus Fox, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 178. ♀, ♂.

Crabro hilaris Smith
N. J. to Fla., 111., Nebr., Tex.

Crabro hilaris Smith, 1856. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 4, p. 416. ♀.




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Crabro rufibasis (Banks)
Fla. Ecology: Nests in vertical face of sand pit. Prey: Furcifera pictipennis
(Wied.), Psilocepltala festma (Coq.), P. notafa (Wied.); Bombyliidae sp.; Chrysotus
discolor Lw., Condyhstylus candatus (Wied.), C. chrysoprasi (Wlkr.), C. graenicheri
(Van D.), Ptagioneurus univittatHS Lw.; Allograpta obliqua (Say), Baccba costata Say,
B. sp. near loeivi Sedman, Mesogmpta spp., Mixogaster sp., Toxomerus sp.; Euxesta
basalts (Wlkr.), E. eluta Lw., E. notata (Wied.); Xanthaciura insecta (Lw.);
Atrichomelina piibera (Lw.); Homoneura sp., PoecUominettia valida (Wlkr.);
Pholeomyia decorior Steysk., P. dispar (Beck.); Chlorops abdoniinaiis Coq.; Pegomya
gopheri Johns.; Atherigona orientalis Schin., Coenosia spp., Coenosopsia privia Mall.,
Fannia sp., Gyvnwdia arcuata (Stein), G. cilifem (Mall.), G. debilis (Will.), Lhnnophora
narona (Wlkr.), Ophyra 'aenescens (Wied.), Orthellia caesarion (Meig.); Cochliomyia
macellaria (F.), Phaenicia cliivia (Wlkr.); Johnsonia elegans Coq., Ravinia derelicta
(Wlkr.); Acwnarista coniuta Reinh., Actia sp., Catliarosia nebidosa (Coq.),
Chaetonodexodes vandei-wulpi (Tns.), Chaetophlepsis iownsendi (Sm.), Clausicella
florideiisis (Tns.), Elfia mellissopodis (Coq.), Exorisfoides sp., Gaediopsis flavipes Coq.,
Leskiella brevirostris James, Lespesia aletiae (Riley), Lixophaga mediocris Aid., Lidella
sp. near fliomsoni Hert., Medina sp., Miamimyia cincta Tns., Paradidyma siyigulai'is
(Tns.), Phasiopsis floridaiia Tns., Pseudochaeta sp. near fi^ialis Reinh.,
Pseudomyothyria ancilla (Wlkr.), Prophryno parviteres (Aid. and Webb.), Trichopoda
plumipes (P.).
Thyreopns rufibasis Banks, 1921. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 14: 17. ♀.

Crabro snowii Fox
N. Y., Md., Va., Minn., Kans.

Crabro snowii Fox, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 79. ♀, ♂.

Species Group Tumidus

This is Synothyreopiis Ashm., in part.

Crabro lacteipennis Rohwer
Tex., Colo., Ariz.; Mexico (Nuevo Leon, Durango).

Crabro (Thyreopns) lacteipennis Rohwer, 1909. Ent. News 20: 150. ♀.

Crabro peltista Kohl
Tex., Ariz.; Mexico to Nicaragua.

Crabro (Thyreopns) peltista Kohl, 1888. Zool. Jahrb., Ztschr. f. System. 3: 586. ♀, ♂.

Crabro incertus Fox, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 174. ♀ (♂ misdet.).

Crabro tenuiglossa Packard
Ont, Mich., 111., Minn., N. Dak., S. Dak., Alta.

Crabro tenuiglossa Packard, 1866. Ent. Soc Phila., Proc 6: 98. ♀.

Thyreopns discifer Packard, 1867. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc 6: 363. ♂.

Crabro tumidus (Packard)
N. Y. to S. C, 111., Nebr.

Thyreopns tumidus Packard, 1867. Ent. Soc Phila., Proc 6: 364. ♀, ♂.

Species Group Advena

This is Synothyreopus Ashm., in part.

Crabro advena Smith
South. Canada and U. S. east of 100th meridian. Ecology: Nests in hard clay
loam or sand, makes 2 to more than 16 cells per nest, stores 1-10 prey per cell. Prey:
Chrysopilns proxinins (Wlkr.), Symphoromyia plnralis (Curr.); Chrysops nnivittata
Macq.; Syrphus rectus 0. S.; Enxesta notata (Wied.), Callopistromyia annnlipes
(Macq.), Otitidae sp.; Pegomya finitima Stein, P. lipsia (Wlkr.), Hydrophoria conica
(Wied.), Anthomyiidae sp.; Mnscina assiynilis (Fall.), Musca autninnalis DeG., M.
doniestica L., Coenosia tigrina (F.), Fayinia scalaris (F.); Pollenia rndis (¥.), Phaenicia
sericata (Meig.), Calliphoridae sp.; Sarcophaga scoparia Pand., S. sp., Senotai^iia sp.;
Belvosia nnifasciata Desv., Aplomyiopsis sp., Lespesia sp., Blondeliini sp.; preferred
prey are calyptrate Cyclorrhapha but Orthorrhapha are also used.

Crabro pegasus Harris, 1835. In Hitchcock, Rpt. Geol. Mineral. Bot. Zool. Mass., p. 68.
Norn. nud.

Crabro advena Smith, 1856. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 4, p. 421. ♀ (♂ misdet.).

Crabro succinctus Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 479. ♀.

Thyreopns signifer Packard, 1867. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 6: 361. ♀, ♂.

Thyreopns pegasns Packard, 1867. Ent. Soc Phila., Proc. 6: 362. ♀, ♂.

Thyreopns elegans Provancher, 1883. Faune Ent. Canada, Hym., p. 665. ♀, ♂.

Crabro discretus Fox, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 165. ♀.




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Taxonomy: Evans, 1957. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 83: 104, figs. 95-96 (larva). —Evans, 1959.
Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 85: 164, figs. 47, 48 (larva).

Biology: Patten, 1897. Canad. Ent. 29: 248 (nest, prey). — Krombein, 1951. U. S. Dept. Agr.,
Monog. 2: 1017 (prey). —Krombein, 1958. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 60: 53 (prey). —Evans,
1960. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 68: 123-127, fig. 1 (nest, prey transport, egg, larval life).
—Kurczewski and Acciavatti, 1968. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 76: 200-209, figs. 1-11 (nest, prey
transport, egg). —Kurczewski, Burdick and Gaumer, 1969. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 77:
152-170, figs. 1-8 (nest, prey transport, egg).

Crabro bruneri (Mickel)
Nebr., Oreg.

Thyreopus (Synotliyreopus) bruneri Mickel, 1916. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 42: 422. ♀, ♂.

Crabro florissantensis Rohwer
Colo, and Wyo. to Oreg. and Wash. Predator: Philanthus pulcker D.
T.
Crabro (Synothyreopus) florissantensis Rohwer, 1909. Ent. News 20: 149. ♂.

Crabro henrici Krombein
N. J., Va.

Thyreopus (Syiiothyreopus) vierecki Rohwer, 1910. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc 12: 50. ♂.
Preocc

Crabro (Synothyreopus) henrici Krombein, 1951. U. S. Dept. Agr., Monog. 2: 1016. N.
name.

Crabro hispidus Fox
Oreg., Wash., B. C.

Crabro hispidus Fox, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 192. ♀.

Crabro vernalis (Packard)
Transcont. in N. Amer. in Transit. Zone including Alaska.

Thyreopus vernalis Packard, 1867. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc 6: 369. ♀.

Crabro (Thyreopus) brachycarpae Rohwer, 1908. Ent. News 19: 252. ♂.

Crabro (Paranothyreus) gillettei Rohwer, 1908. Ent. News 19: 418. ♀.

Crabro virgatus Fox
Calif., Nev., Oreg., Idaho, Alta.

Crabro virgatus Fox, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 174. ♂.

Crabro veles Carter, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57: 134. ♂.

Species Group Thyreophorus

This is Synothyreopus Ashm., in part.

Crabro thyreophorus Kohl
Nev., Calif., Oreg.

Crabro (Thyreopus) thyreophorus Kohl, 1888. Zool. Jahrb., Ztschr. f. System. 3: 585, pi. 14.

9,6.

Species Group Cribrarius

This is Crabro F., sens, str., and Norumbega Pate.

Crabro argusinus Bohart
Transcont. in south. Canada and U. S. Ecology: Nests in sand, makes 1-4 or
more cells per nest, stores 10-19 flies per cell. Parasite: Senotainia sp. near trilineata
(Wulp), Phrosinella fumosa Allen ? Prey: Dolichopus coercens Wlkr., D. gladins Van D.,
D. sp., Rhaphium vanduzeei Curr., Argyra albicans Lw., ^4. calceata Lw., Hercostomus
barbatulus Lw., H. crassicauda Lw., H.frequens Lw., H. omatus Van D., Liancalns
genualis Lw., Plastoneurus vagans Lw.; Parydra bituberculata Lw., P. borealis Cr., P.
breviceps Lw.; Lispe albitarsis Stein, L. 7ia.'ioni Stein; Dolichopodidae are the preferred
prey, but some Ephydridae and a few Muscidae are also used.

Crabro argus Harris, 1835. In Hitchcock, Rpt. Geol. Mineral. Bot. Zool. Mass., p. 68. Norn,
nud.

Thyreopus argus Packard, 1867. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 6: 359. ♂. Preocc.

Crabro argusinus Bohart, 1976. In Bohart and Menke, Sphecid wasps of world, p. 407. N.
name.

Taxonomy: Evans, 1959. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 85: 164, figs. 49, 50 (larva).

Biology: Hartman, 1905. Tex. Acad. Sci., Trans. 7: 44 (prey, nest). —Dow, 1930. Psyche 37:
181 (prey). —Evans, 1960. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 68: 129-132, fig. 1 (nest, prey, parasites).

Crabro conspicuus Cresson
Colo., Nev., Calif., Wash., Alta.

Crabro conspicuus Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 480. ♀.
Crabro medius Fox, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 167. ♂.




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Crabro cribrellifer (Packard)
N. H. to Fla., Ont., Mich., Ind. Prey: Ommatiits tibialis Say, Tolwerus
novaescotiae (Macq.).
Thyreopus cribrellifer Packard, 1867. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 6: 358. ♂.
Thyreopus simiatus Provancher, 1883. Faune Ent. Canada, Hym., p. 664. ♀. Preocc.
Crabro Provancheri Fox, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 168. N. name.

Biology: Krombein, 1951. U. S. Dept. Agr., Monog. 2: 1017 (prey). — Kurczewski and
Acciavatti, 1968. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 76: 198 (prey).

Crabro juniatae Krombein
Pa., Va., W. Va. Prey: Hylemya ciiicriira (Rond.).

Crabro (Crabro) juniatae Krombein, 1938. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 31: 469. ♀.

Biology: Krombein, 1952. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 54: 181 (prey).

Crabro largior Fox
U. S., transcont. in Transit. Zone.

Crabro largior Fox, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 161. ♀, ♂.

Crabro latipes Smith
Transcont. in Alaska, Canada, U. S. in Transit, and Canad. Zones. Ecology:
Nests in sand, makes 8 or more cells per nest, stores 6-10 flies per cell. Prey:
Platycheirus peltatiis (Meig.); Syniphoromyia pliiralis Curr.; Doliclwpus adultus Van
D., D. nigricornia Meig., D. nodipeniiis Van D., D. remus Van D., D. socius Lw.,
Gyvinopternun spectabilis Lw., Rhapliium aniiatuvi Curr., R. crassipes (Meig.); Miisca
domestica L., M. autumnalis DeG., Fannia maniceta (Meig.), Muscina assimilis (Fall.),
Phaonia bysia (Wlkr.); Lucilia illustris (Meig.); Aplomyiopsis sp., Icteriophyto tibialis
(Curr.), Oswaldia assimilis (Tns.); Hydroplioria conica (Wied.), Hylemya setigera (Joh.),
H. stratifrons Huck., Pegoviya affinis Stein, P. lipsia (Wlkr.); preferred prey are
calyptrate Cyclorrhapha, but Orthorrhapha are also used. Predator: Philanthus zebratus
nitens (Bks.).

Crabro gryphus Harris, 1835. In Hitchcock Rpt. Geol. Mineral. Bot. Zool. Mass., p. 68.
Nom. nud.

Crabro latipes Smith, 1856. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 4, p. 396. ♂.

Crabro vicinus Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 479. ♀.

Thyreopus coloradensis Packard, 1867. Ent. Soc Phila., Proc. 6: 356. ♂.

Thyreopus elongatus Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada, Hym., p. 293. ♂.

Crabro canadensis Dalla Torre, 1897. Cat. Hym., v. 8, p. 585. N. name.

Crabro (Anothyreus) viciniformis Viereck, 1907. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 33: 381. ♀.

Crabro pratus Carter, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57: 133. ♀.

Biology: Krombein, 1951. U. S. Dept. Agr., Monog. 2: 1017 (prey). —Krombein, 1955.
Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 50: 17 (prey). —Kurczewski and Acciavatti, 1968. N. Y. Ent. Soc,
Jour. 76: 199 (prey). —Kurczewski, Burdick and Gaumer, 1969. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 77:
152-170, figs. 1, 3-8 (nest, prey transport, egg).

Crabro monticola (Packard)
Alaska, Canada, Maine to Ga. Ecology: Nests in sand or gravel road,
makes 11 to 15 or more cells per nest, stores 3-5 flies per cell. Prey: Tabanus
lasiophthalmns Macq., T. microcephahis 0. S., Stonemyia tranquilla (0. S.), Chrysops
celer 0. S., C. venus Phil.; Thereva sp.; preferred prey are tabanid males.
Thyreopus monticola Packard, 1867. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 6: 367. ♀.

Taxonomy: Evans, 1959. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 85: 163, figs. 43-46 (larva).

Biology: Evans, 1960. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 68: 127-129, fig. 1 (nest, prey transport, cocoon).
—Pechuman, 1963. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 71: 218-219 (nest, prey).

Crabro pallidus Fox
Mont., Oreg.

Crabro pallidus Fox, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 163. ♀, ♂.

Crabro pleuralis Fox
Nebr., Colo., Wyo., Alta., B. C, Wash., Oreg. Predator: Philanthus zebratus
nitens (Bks.).

Crabro pleuralis Fox, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 162. ♀, ♂.

Crabro tenuis Fox
Mich, to Colo, and Wash., Alta.

Crabro tenuis Fox, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 166. ♀, ♂.

Crabro villosus Fox
Calif. (Los Angeles Co.).

Crabro villosus Fox, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 158. ♀.




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Enoplolindenius robertsoni (Rohwer)
Ga., La., Tex., Kans., Nebr., Iowa, 111.

Lind€7iius robertsoni Rohwer, 1920. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 22: 57. ♂.
Enoplolindenius (Iskutana) georgia Pate, 1942. Rev. de Ent. 13: 393. ♂.
Enoplolindeyiius (Iskutana) ponca Pate, 1942. Rev. de Ent. 13: 395. ♀.

Enoplolindenius clypeatus (Rohwer)
Tex. (Brownsville).

Lindenius (Enoplolindeyiius) clypeatus Rohwer, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 40: 562. ♂.

Ectemnius dilectus (Cresson)
Transit, and U. Austr. Zones in most of U. S. except west of Sierra Nevada
and Cascade ranges.
Crabro dilectus Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 478. ♀, ♂.
Crabro bigeminus Patton, 1879. Canad. Ent. 11: 213. ♀, ♂.

Crabro (Prototliyreopus) megacephaius Rohwer, 1908. Ent. News 19: 249. ♀. Preocc.
Crabro (Prototliyreopus) dilectiforviis Rohwer, 1909. Ent. News 20: 146. ♀.
Crabro (Prototliyreopus) crassiceps Mickel, 1916. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 42: 425. ♀.

Taxonomy: Pate, 1946. Notulae Nat. 171: 2 (synonymy).

Ectemnius rufifemur
***authority mismatch
rufifemur (Packard). Transit, and U. Austr. Zones east of Rockies. Another subsp.
occurs in Mexico.
Crabro rufifemur Packard, 1866. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 6: 81. ♀, ♂.

Ectemnius lapidarius (Panzer)
U. S. and Canada, transcont. in Canad., Transit, and U. Austr. Zones;
Palaearctic also. Ecology: Nests in rotting stumps or logs, stores 2-16 prey per cell,
makes 1-2 cells at end of each branch of the burrow and as many as 16 cells per nest.




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Prey: Syritta pipiens (L.), Chrysogaster sp., Toxomerus occidentalis Curr.,
Sphaeroplwria contigua Macq., Mesogmpta marginata (Say), Parapenium sp., Paragus
tibialis (Fall.); Syrphidae seem to be the preferred prey, but occasionally Anthomyiidae
are used in Europe.

Crabro lapidarius Panzer, 1804. Faunae Ins. German., heft 90, pi. 12. ♂.

Crabro siymatus Fabricius, 1804. Systema Piezatorum, p. 310.

Crabro cinctus Spinola, 1806. Insectorum Liguriae, v. 1, p. 104. 9, d. This is a questionable
synonym.

Crabro chrysostomus Lepeletier and Brulle, 1834. Soc. Ent. France, Ann. 3: 704. ♀. Preocc.

Crabro comptus Lepeletier and Brulle, 1834. Soc. Ent. France, Ann. 3: 705. ♂.

Crabro xylurgus Shuckard, 1837. Essay on Indig. Fossor. Hym., p. 139. ♀, ♂.

Crabro interstinctus Smith, 1851. Zoologist 9: cxxvi. ♂.

Crabro obscnrus Smith, 1856. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 4, p. 418. ♀, ♂.

Crabro gracilissinnts Packard, 1866. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 6: 78. ♂.

Crabro deiiticiilatKn Packard, 1866. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 6: 97. ♂.

Crabro effossus Packard, 1866. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 6: 104. ♂.

Crabro papagorum Viereck, 1908. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 33: 401. ♀.

Taxonomy: Pate, 1946. Notulae Nat. 171: 2-3 (synonymy).
Biology: Michener, 1971. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 44: 405-407, 1 fig. (nest, prey).

Ectemnius ruficornis
***authority mismatch
ruficornis (Zetterstedt). Canada and U. S., transcont. chiefly in Transit. Zone;
Mexico (Guerrero); also Palaearctic Prey: Syrplins ribesii (L.) in N. Amer. Another
subsp. occurs in Taiwan.

Crabro ruficornis Zetterstedt, 1838. Ins. Lappon. 1: 443. ♂.

Crabro aurilabris Herrich-Schaeffer, 1841. Faunae Ins. German., h. 179, p. 12. ♂.

Crabro nigrifrons Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc Phila., Proc. 4: 482. ♂.

Crabro contiguus Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 484. ♀.

Crabro septentrioiialis Packard, 1866. Ent. Soc Phila., Proc 6: 110. ♀.

Crabro (Solenius) planifrons Thomson, 1870. Opusc Ent., v. 2, p. 173. ♀, ♂.

Crabro hector Cameron, 1891. Biol. Cent.-Amer., Hym., v. 2, p. 147, pi. 9, fig. 8. ♀.

Crabro (Clytochrysiis) longipalpis Verhoeff, 1892. Ent. Nachr. 18: 70. ♀.

Crabro vestor Ashmead, 1899. Canad. Ent. 31: 173. Lapsus for hector Cam.

Crabro chipsanii Matsumura, 1911. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Faculty Agr., Jour. 4: 102. ♀.

Crabro lineatotarsis Matsumura, 1911. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Faculty Agr., Jour. 4: 103. ♀.

Taxonomy: Pate, 1946. Notulae Nat. 171: 2 (synonymy).

Biology: Krombein, 1936. Ent. News 47: 95 (prey).

Ectemnius yosemite Pate
Calif. (Mariposa Co.).

Ectemnius (Clytochrysus) yosemite Pate, 1946. Notulae Nat. 171: 3. ♀.

Ectemnius cephalotes (Olivier)
Ont, Que., Conn., N. Y., N. J., Pa., Md., III.; Europe. Ecology: In Europe
nests both in sound lumber and in decaying logs; several females use a common
entrance but presumably have their own cells. Probably adventive in N. Amer. Prey: In
Europe stores many species of muscoid Diptera, occasionally Tabanidae and Syrphidae,
and one specimen of Nematinae was found in a cell.

Crabro tibialis OHvier, 1792. Encycl. Meth. Ins., v. 6, p. 513.

Crabro cephalotes Olivier, 1792. Encycl. Meth. Ins., v. 6, p. 513.

Crabro floralis Olivier, 1792. Encycl. Meth. Ins., v. 6, p. 517.

Crabro geniculatus Olivier, 1792. Encycl. Meth. Ins., v. 6, p. 517.




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Crabro cephalotes Panzer, 1799. Faunae Ins. German., h. 6, pi. 62, fig. 16. Preocc. This is a

questionable synonym.
Crabro striatiis Lepeletier and Brulle, 1834. Soc. Ent. France, Ann. 3: 707. ♀, ♂.
Crabro oniatus Lepeletier and Brulle, 1834. Soc. Ent. France, Ann. 3: 709. ♀.
Blepharipus striatulus Lepeletier and Brulle, 1834. Soc. Ent. France, Ann. 3: 737. ♂.
Ceratocolus striatiis Lepeletier and Brulle, 1834. Soc. Ent. France, Ann. 3: 744. ♂. Preocc.
Crabro Lindenms Shuckard, 1837. Essay on Indig. Fossor. Hym., p. 143. ♀, ♂.
Crabro Sliuckardi Dahlbom, 1838. Exam. Crabron. Scand., p. 98. ♀, ♂.
Crabro interruptus Dahlbom, 1845. Hym. Europaea, v. 1, p. 418. 9, J. N. name for

Shnckardi.
Crabro Fargeii Smith, 1856. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 4, p. 410. N. name for Ceratocolns

striatiis.
Crabro Lindensis Inchbald, 1859. Ent. Weekly Intelligencer 6: 199. Lapsus.
Crabro aciculatiis Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13: 108. ♀, ♂.
Crabro (Soleniiis) riitlieniciis Morawitz, 1892. Soc. Ent. Rossica, Horae 26: 174. ♀.
Crabro Lindenii Dalla Torre, 1897. Cat. Hym., v. 8, p. 621. Lapsus for Ihidensis Inchb.

Taxonomy: Pate, 1945. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 40: 41-43 (synonymy), —van der Vecht, 1961.
Zool. Verhandl. Rijksmus. Natuurlijke Hist. Leiden, No. 48, pp. 70-71 (identity of

Ectemnius cephalotes
***authority mismatch
OUv.).

Biology: Hamm and Richards, 1926. Ent. Soc. London, Trans., pp. 306-307, 321-322 (nest, prey
in Europe; misdet. as quadricinctiis F.).

Ectemnius maculosus (Gmelin)
Canada and U. S. in Transit. Zone east of 100th meridian. Parasite:

Crabrovidia ectevinii Fain. Prey: Tubifera arbustorum (L.).
Crabro maculatus Fabricius, 1781. Spec. Ins., v. 1, p. 470. Secondary homonym in Vespa.
Vespa (Crabro) maculosa Gmelin, 1790. In Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., Ed. 13, v. 1, p. 2761. N.

name.
Crabro singiilaris Smith, 1856. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 4, p. 417. ♂.
Crabro frigidtis Smith, 1856. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 4, p. 419. ♀.
Crabro quadrangiilayis Packard, 1866. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 6: 85. ♀.
Crabro n-viaculatus Packard, 1866. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 6: 87. ♂.
Crabro oblongus Packard, 1866. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 6: 88. ♀.
Crabro trapezoidens Packard, 1866. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 6: 89. ♂.
Crabro qiiadraiiguliis Cresson, 1928. Amer. Ent. Soc, Mem. 5: 55. Lapsus.

Biology: Krombein, 1951. U. S. Dept. Agr., Monog. 2: 1025 (prey).

Ectemnius alpheus Pate
Calif., Wash., Utah.

Ectemniiis (Hypocrabro) alpheus Pate, 1946. Notulae Nat. 171: 5. ♀, ♂.

Ectemnius arcuatus (Say)
Transcont. in Transit, and Austr. Zones. Ecology: Nests in logs. Prey: Musca
domestica L.

Crabro arcuatus Say, 1837. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 377. ♀.

Crabro Packardii Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc 4: 477. ♀, ♂.

Crabro honestus Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc 4: 485. "♀"=♂.




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Crabro villosifrons Packard, 1866. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 6: 84. ♀.

Crabro (subgenus?) nokomis Rohwer, 1908. Ent. News 19: 251. ♀.

Solenius (Hypocrabw) nokonis (!) Rohwer, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mas., Proc. 53: 242.

Taxonomy: Pate, 1946. Notulae Nat. 171: 9-10 (synonymy).

Biology: Rau and Rau, 1918. Wasp studies afield, pp. 94, 96 (nest, prey).

Ectemnius besseyae (Rohwer)
Calif., Colo., Utah, N. Mex.

Crabro (XylocrabroO besseyae Rohwer, 1908. Ent. News 19: 419. ♀.

Ectemnius centralis (Cameron)
Tex., N. Mex., Ariz.; Mexico south to Colombia and Trinidad.

Crabro centralis Cameron, 1891. Biol. Cent.-Amer., Hym., v. 2, p. 146. ♀.

Ectemnius continuus
***authority mismatch
continuus (Fabricius). Canada and U. S., transcont. in Canad., Transit, and U.
Austr. Zones; Palaearctic Region. Ecology: Nests in borings in tree root or rotten
branch. Parasite: Macronychia aurata (Coq.). Prey: Archytas aterrivius (Desv.),
Whitlieniia sp., Tachinidae sp.; Sarcopliaga sp., Sarcophagidae sp.; Pollenia riidis (F.),
Phoenicia ? sp., Calliphoridae sp.; Muscidae sp.; in Europe muscoid Diptera are also the
preferred prey but Syrphidae are used occasionally. Another subsp. occurs in the
Canary Islands.

Crabro contiyiuus Fabricius, 1804. Systema Piezatorum, p. 312.

Crabro 6-macidatus Say, 1824. In Keating, Narr. Long's 2nd Exped., v. 2, p. 341. ♀.
Preocc.

Solenius piinctatus Lepeletier and Brulle, 1834. Soc. Ent. France, Ann. 3: 720. ♂.

Ceratocolus pnyictatiis Lepeletier and Brulle, 1834. Soc. Ent. France, Ann. 3: 749. ♀, ♂.
Preocc.

Crabro fuscitarsis Herrich-Schaeffer, 1841. Faunae Ins. German., h. 181, pi. 7. ♀.

Crabro inipressus Smith, 1856. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 4, p. 401. N. name for Ceratocolus
pu7ictatits Lep. and Br.

Crabro sulphureipes Smith, 1856. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 4, p. 415. ♂.

Crabro {E ctennmis) fiiscitarsus Schenck, 1857. Nassau. Ver. f. Naturk., Jahrb. 12: 70.
Lapsus.

Crabro vagatiis Smith, 1869. Entomologist 4: 208. ♀.

Crabro granulatus Walker, 1871. List Hym. Egypt, p. 26. <3 .

Crabro rngoso-pioictatus Taschenberg, 1875. Ztschr. f. Naturw. 45: 385. ♂.

Crabro validus De Stefani, 1884. Nat. Sicil., v. 3, p. 218. ♂.

Crabro vagans Fokker, 1887. Tijdschr. v. Ent. 30: xx. Lapsus.

Xylocrabro slossoiiae Ashmead, 1902. Ent. News 13: 5. 6. Nom. nud.

Crabro sayi Cockerell, 1910. Entomologist 43: 61. N. name for Crabro sexinacidatus Say.

Crabro bisexmaciilatus Viereck, 1910 (1909). In Smith, N. J. State Mus. Ann. Rpt. 1909, p.
681. N. name for Crabro sexynaculatns Say.

Crabro hispanicits Kohl, 1915. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien, Ann. 29: 81. ♀.

Solenius (Hypocrabro) giffardi Rohwer, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 242. ♀, ♂.

Taxonomy: Pate, 1946. Notulae Nat. 171: 10 (synonymy). —Evans, 1964. Amer. Ent. Soc,
Trans. 90: 295, fig. 114 (larva).

Biology: Peckham and Peckham, 1905. Wasps Social and Solitary, pp. 97-101, 1 fig. (nest,
prey). — Reinhard, 1929. The Witchery of Wasps, pp. 228-231, 4 figs, (nest, prey, parasite).
— Krombein, 1961. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 56: 65 (prey). — Krombein, 1964. Brooklyn Ent.
Soc, Bui. 58: 120 (nest, prey, cocoon, life cycle). There is also an extensive European
literature.

Ectemnius decemmaculatus
***authority mismatch
decemmaculatus (Say). U. and L. Austr. Zones east of Rocky Mts.; Mexico.
Crabro lO-niaculatus Say, 1823. West. Quart. Rptr., v. 2, p. 78.
Crabro clirysargyrus Lepeletier and Brulle, 1834. Soc. Ent. France, Ann. 3: 711. ♀.
Crabro clirysarginus Lepeletier, 1845. Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 3, p. 114. Lapsus.
Crabro chrysargurus Dahlbom, 1845. Hym. Europaea, v. 1, p. 386. Lapsus.
Crabro collinns Smith, 1856. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 4, p. 420. ♂.
Crabro aurifrons Smith, 1856. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 4, p. 420. ♀.
Crabro (Hoplocrabro) novanus Rohwer, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 40: 564. ♀, ♂.

Taxonomy: Pate, 1946. Notulae Nat. 171: 8 (synonymy).




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Ectemnius decemmaculatus
***authority mismatch
tequesta Pate. Cent, and south. Fla.

Ectevinius (Hypocrabro) 10-maculatus tequesta Pate, 1946. Notulae Nat. 171: 9. ♀, ♂.

Ectemnius excavatus
***authority mismatch
banksi (Rohwer). Md. to Ga., Ind., Kans., Mo., Tex. south to Mexico (Yucatan).
Ecology: Nests in rotten log.
Crabro banksi Rohwer, 1909. Ent. News 20: 147. ♀.

Ectemnius (Hypocrabro) ravinus Leclercq, 1968. Soc. Ent. France, Ann. (n. s.) 4 (2): 325.
9.

Biology: Krombein, 1951. U. S. Dept. Agr., Monog. 2: 1026 (nest).

Ectemnius excavatus
***authority mismatch
excavatus (Fox). Fla.

Crabro excavatus Fox, 1892. Ent. News 3: 10. 9,6 (in part misdet.).

Ectemnius odyneroides (Cresson)
Colo., N. Mex., Ariz.; Mexico (Guerrero, Durango).
Crabro odyneroides Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 481. ♂.
Crabro arid Cameron, 1891. Biol. Cent.-Amer., Hym., v. 2, p. 147, pi. 9, fig. 7, a, b. 9, d.

Ectemnius paucimaculatus (Packard)
N. Y. to Fla., Ill, Tex. Ecology: Nests in green Hibiscus stems
along river bank, chewing through side of stem to reach central pith cavity, makes
linear series of 1-18 cells, stores 7-31 prey per cell. Parasite: Vidia cooremani Baker;
Megaselia aletiae (Comst.); Eustalomyia vittipes (Zett.); Macronychia aurata (Coq.),
Ptychoneura aristalis (Coq.); Tetrabaeus americanus (Brues), Perilampus canadejisis
Cwfd.; Diomorus zabriskiei Cr. Prey: Dolichopus ovatus Lw., D. sp.; Melanagromyza
diantherae (Mall.), Agromyzidae sp.; Notiphila carinata Lw., N. erythrocera Lw., N. sp.,
Hydrellia spp., Scatella picea (Wlkr.); Eumetopiella rufipes (Macq.), Chaetopsis sp.,
Otitidae sp.; Camptoprosopella angulata Shew.; Lonchaea polita Say; Sepedon armipes
Lw., S. sp., Dictya texensis Curr.; Leptocera richardsi Sabr.; Coenosia afrata Wlkr.,
Lispe albitarsis Stein; preferred prey are Agromyzidae and Ephydridae. The common
name is the hibiscus wasp.
Crabro paucimaculatus Packard, 1866. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 6: 90. ♀.

Taxonomy: Evans, 1964. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 90: 294-295, fig. 113 (larva).

Biology: Krombein, 1951. U. S. Dept. Agr., Monog. 2: 1026 (nest). —Krombein, 1964. Biol.
Soc. Wash., Proc. 77: 73-88, figs. 1-11 (nest, prey, egg, cocoon, life cycle, parasites).

Ectemnius rufipes
***authority mismatch
ais Pate. Fla. Ecology: Nests in rose canes, makes linear series of up to 3 cells per
nest, stores 20-30 prey per cell. Prey: Euxesta nitidiventris Lw.; Aciura insecta Lw.,
Paroxyna sorocula (Wied.); Chloropidae spp.; Otitidae and Trypetidae are the preferred
prey.
Ectemnius {Hypocrabro) texanus ais Pate, 1946. Notulae Nat. 171: 12. ♀, ♂.

Biology: Morse and Kerr, 1957. Fla. Ent. 40: 77-80, 1 fig. (nest, prey).

Ectemnius rufipes
***authority mismatch
rufipes (Lepeletier and Brulle). N. Y. to north. Fla., west to Iowa, Kans. and Tex.
Ecology: Nests in twigs.
Ceratocolus rufipes Lepeletier and Brulle, 1834. Soc. Ent. France, Ann. 3: 741. ♀.
Crabro texanus Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 227. ♀.

Ectemnius satan Pate
N. Mex. to Calif.

Ectemnius (Hypocrabro) satan Pate, 1946. Notulae Nat. 171: 10. ♂.

Ectemnius scaber
***authority mismatch
rufescens Krombein. Cent, and south Fla.

Ectemnius (Hypocrabro) scaber rufescens Krombein, 1954. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 80: 24.
6, 9.

Ectemnius scaber
***authority mismatch
scaber (Lepeletier and Brulle). N. J. to Fla., La., Tex., Okla. Ecology: Nests in pine.

Sole7iius scaber Lepeletier and Brulle, 1834. Soc. Ent. France, Ann. 3: 715. ♂.

Ectemnius sonorensis (Cameron)
Colo., N. Mex., Ariz., south. Calif.; Mexico (Baja California, Sonora,
Guerrero).
Crabro sonorensis Cameron, 1891. Biol. Cent.-Amer., Hym., v. 2, p. 144, pi. 9, fig. 4. ♀.
Crabro montivagus Cameron, 1891. Biol. Cent.-Amer., Hym., v. 2, p. 145, pi. 9, figs. 5, a, b.

9,cJ.
Crabro imbutus Fox, 1894. Calif. Acad. Sci., Proc. (2) 4: 108. ♀.
Crabro (Solenius i) fennigineipes Rohwer, 1908. Ent. News 19: 250. ♂.




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Ectemnius spiniferus (Fox)
Colo., Nev., Ariz., Calif, to Wash. Ecology: Nests in stems of Sanihiicus,

Foeniciiluvi and Eriogonioii, makes linear series of 1-6 cells per nest, stores 2-10 prey
per cell. Parasite: Senotainia trilineata (Wulp), Macronychia sp., Amobia floridensis
(Tns.); Megaaelia sp.; Dioviorus zabriskiei Cr.; Monodontomerus sp. Prey:
Sphaerophoria sp.; Ogcodes engonatus Lw.; Hylemya sp.; preferred prey are
Acroceridae. Predator: C ymatodera ovipeiuiis LeC.
Crahro spiniferus Fox, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 148. ♀, ♂.

Solenius (Pseudocrabro) conspiciendus Mickel, 1918 (1917). Nebr. Univ. Studies 17: 324. ♀.
6.

Biology: Bechtel and Schlinger, 1957. Ent. News 68: 225-232 (nest, prey, parasites, predator).

—Parker and Bohart, 1966. Pan-Pacific Ent. 42: 94 (nest, parasites).

Ectemnius stirpicola (Packard)
Canada and U. S. in Transit, and U. Austr. Zones east of 100th meridian.
Ecology: Nests in pith in twigs o{ Ailanthus, blackberry, sumac, Sanibucus, and in old
railroad tie, stores 6-27 prey per cell. Parasite: Dioniorns zabriskiei Cr.; Habrifys latro
Wall.; Perilaiupus canadensis Cwfd.; Aviobia sp. Prey: Siniulium jeymingsi Mall.; Soiva
pallipes (Lw.); Oxycera 77iacidata Oliv.; Co7idylostyliis sipho (Say), C. sp., Asyndetiis
sp.; Mesograpta marginata (Say); Euxesta notata (Wied.); Amphicnephes pullus
(Wied.), Rivellia pallida Lw., R. steyskali Namba; Euaresta bella (Lw.); Lonchaea
polita Say ?, L. sp.; Lyciella pictiventris (Mall.), Saproinyza iimbrosa Lw.; Agromyza
panicoiiiis Lw., A. sp., Melanagromyza burgessi (Mall.), M. virens (Lw.), M. sp.;
Chyromya sp.; Cordihira fuscipes Zett., Phorbia sp., Anthomyia sp.; Coenosia sp. near
antennalis Stein; Phorynia regina (Meig.), Lucilia sp., Calliphora vomitoria (L.);
Ravinia derelicta (Wlkr.), Sarcodexia sp.; H yalomyodes triangulifer (Lw.),
Cryptomeigenia euniyothyroides (Tns.), Paradidyyna singularis (Tns.), Sitopltaga
calosomoides (Tns.), Lespesia sp., Etfia johnsoni (Coq.), Tachinidae sp.; although

Ectemnius stirpicola
***authority mismatch
preys upon a wide range of Diptera, the preferred prey are clearly
acalyptrate and calyptrate Cyclorrhapha.

Crabro stirpicola Packard, 1866. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 6: 111. ♀, ♂.

Taxonomy: Evans, 1957. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 83: 109, figs. 85-90 (larva). —Evans, 1959.
Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 85: 165 (larva).

Biology: Packard, 1869. Guide Study Ins., p. 158 (nest). — Cresson, 1878. Psyche 2: 189 (nest,
parasite). — Peckham and Peckham, 1898. Wis. Geol. Nat. Hist. Survey, Bui. 2: 46-52, pi. 1,
fig. 5, pi. 11, figs. 6, 7 (nest, prey, cocoon, life cycle). — Rau and Rau, 1918. Wasp Studies
Afield, pp. 90-94, figs. 21, 22 (nest, prey, life cycle). —Rau, 1922. Acad. Sci. St. Louis,
Trans. 24: 20-21 (nest, prey, life cycle, parasite). —Rau, 1928. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans.
25: 381-387, fig. 50 (nest, prey, life cycle). — Krombein, 1960. Ent. News 71: 63-68 (nest,
prey, egg, life cycle, cocoon, parasites).

Ectemnius trifasciatus (Say)
Chiefly Transit. Zone of Canada and U. S. east of Cascade and Sierra
Nevada ranges.
Crabro trifasciatus Say, 1824. In Keating, Narr. Long's 2nd Exped., v. 2, p. 342.

Ectemnius atriceps (Cresson)
South. Canada and U. S., chiefly in Transit. Zone. Ecology: Nests in logs.
Crabro atriceps Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 483. ♀.
Crabro brunneipes Packard, 1866. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 6: 102. ♂.
Crabro foxii Kincaid, 1900. Ent. News 11: 356. ♂.

Taxonomy: Pate, 1946. Notulae Nat. 171: 14 (synonymy). —Evans, 1957. Amer. Ent. Soc,
Trans. 83: 109, figs. 91-94 (larva).

Ectemnius corrugatus (Packard)
Canad. and Transit. Zones in Alaska, Canada, U. S.
Crabro pauper Packard, 1866. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 6: 95. ♂.
Crabro corrugatus Packard, 1866. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 6: 107. ♀.
Crabro (Cuplwpterus) operus Rohwer, 1908. Ent. News 19: 247. ♀.




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Crabro (Xestocrabro) dryniocallidis Rohwer, 1908. Ent. News 19: 255. ♂.

Taxonomy: Pate, 1946. Notulae Nat. 171: 14 (synonymy).

Ectemnius dives (Lepeletier and Brulle)
Transcont. in Canad. and Transit. Zones of Canada and U. S.;

also Palaearctic. Ecology: Nests in log in U. S., in Europe in decayed or rotten logs, and
soft pith of canes and stems. Prey: Syrphidae and Tachinidae in Europe. Predator:
Pkilanthus pulcher D. T.

Soleiiius dives Lepeletier and Brulle, 1834. Soc. Ent. France, Ann. 3: 716. ♀, ♂.

Solenius ocionotatus Lepeletier and Brulle, 1834. Soc. Ent. France, Ann. 3: 719. ♂.

Solenius alatulus Dahlbom, 1838. Exam. Crabron. Scand., p. 85. ♀, ♂.

Crabro pictipes Herrich-Schaeffer, 1841. Faunae Ins. German., h. 181: pi. ♂.

Solenius octavonotatus Lepeletier, 1845. Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., p. 125. Emend.

Crabro auratus Smith, 1856. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 4, p. 398. N. name for dives.

Crabro montanus Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 484. ♀. Preocc.

Crabro cristatus Packard, 1866. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 6: 101. ♂.

Crabro cubiceps Packard, 1866. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 6: 105. ♀.

Crabro (Xestocrabro) heradei Rohwer, 1908. Ent. News 19: 253. ♂.

Crabro montivagans Strand, 1917. Archiv f. Naturgesch. 82: 98. N. name for 7)io7ita7iiis.

Taxonomy: Pate, 1945. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 40: 38-40 (synonymy). —Pate, 1946. Notulae
Nat. 171: 14 (synonymy).

Biology: Earth, 1907. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 5: 251 (nest). —Richards, 1944. Roy. Ent. Soc.
London, Proc, ser. A, 9: 134 (nest, prey in Europe). —Pate, 1945. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui.
40: 40 (refs. to European lit.).

Ectemnius proletarius (Mickel)
Colo., N. Dak.

Crabro parvulus Packard, 1866. Ent. Soc Phila., Proc 6: 108. 9. Preocc

Crabro (Xestocrabro) proletarius Mickel, 1916. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 42: 426. ♂.

Lestica cinctella (Fox)
Nev., Calif., Oreg.

Crabro cinctellus Fox, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 136. ♀.

Taxonomy: Leclercq, 1951, Soc. Ent. Belg., Bui. et Ann. 87: 171. ♂.




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Lestica confluenta (Say)
South. Canada and U. S. in Transit, and Austr. Zones; Mexico (Chihuahua).

Ecology: Nests in decaying logs, in borings in wooden posts and in pith of catalpa stem,

stores 6 prey per cell. Prey: Adults of moth spp.
Soleniiis inten'iipfus Lepeletier and Brulle, 1834. Soc. Ent. France, Ann. 3: 716. ♀. Preocc.

in Crabro.
Crabro confluentus Say, 1837. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 376. ♀, ♂.
Crabro diibius Smith, 1856. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 4, p. 417. N. name.
Crabro confluens Leconte, 1859. Ent. of N. Amer. (Thos. Say), p. 758. Lapsus.
Crabro bel'lus Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 481. ♀.
Crabro atrifrons Cresson, 1865. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 4: 483. ♂.
Crabro ebunieus Taschenberg, 1875. Ztschr. Gesam. Naturw. Halle 45: 383. ♂.
Crabro cinctibellus Viereck, 1908. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 33: 401. ♀, ♂.
Crabro opwana Rohwer, 1908. Ent. News 19: 248. ♂.

Crabro (Solenius) toumsendi Rohwer, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 40: 563. ♀.
Crabro (Solenius) planaris Mickel, 1916. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 42: 427. ♂.
Solenius seaniansi Carter, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57: 135. ♂.

Taxonomy: Pate, 1947. Notulae Nat. 185: 13-14 (synonymy).

Biology: Peckham and Peckham, 1905. Wasps, Social and Solitary, pp. 102-105, 1 fig. (nest,
prey). — Rau, 1922. St. Louis Acad. Sci., Trans. 24: 19-20 (nest). — Rau, 1928. Acad. Sci. St.
Louis, Trans. 25: 378 (nest, cocoon, life cycle).

Morphology: Snodgrass, 1941. Smithsn. Inst., Misc. Collect. 99 (14): pi. 20, figs. 0, R (male
genitalia).

Lestica producticollis (Packard)
Transcont. in Canada and U. S. in Transit, and U. Austr. Zones.
Crabro producticollis Packard, 1866. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 6: 76. ♂.
Crabro i-maculatus Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 12: 102. 9. Typ. err. ? Preocc.
Crabro i-pu7ictatus Provancher, 1883. Faune Ent. Canad., Hym., p. 653. ♂. Preocc.

Nomina Nuda in CRABRONINAE

Lestica glauconotatus Harris
Mass.

Crabro glauconotatus Harris, 1835. In Hitchcock, Rpt. Geol., Mineral, Bot., Zool., Mass., p.
588.


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