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Superfamily CHALCIDOIDEA
Family EUPELMIDAE

By B. D. Burks

In many classifications the eupelmids are placed in the family Encyrtidae. However, all the
eupelmids agree in possessing an array of characters that indicate that they and the encyrtids
diverged separately from the evolutionary stem of the chalcidoids at a remote time in the
development of the superfamily. Eupelmids may be recognized by having the margin of the pre-
pectus projecting over the margin of the mesepisternum, in having the forecoxae and midcoxae
widely separated, and in having the midcoxae so formed that they can be rotated either anteri-
orly or posteriorly. The encyrtids do not have those characters.

Morphology: Reid, 1941. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 91: 433-434.

Subfamily TANAOSTIGMATINAE

This group is primarily Neotropical and Australian, with only a very few Nearctic species. All
the species of this subfamily, except one, are known to be gall makers. The one exception is
Tanaostigmodes tychii Ashmead, which was supposed to be parasitic on a seed weevil, Tychiiis,
when it was described. This rearing has not been repeated, and the record may be incorrect.

Genus TANAOSTIGMODES Ashmead

Tanaostig)iiodes Ashmead, 1896. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 4: 9, 18.

Type-species: Tanaostig^tiodes howardii Ashmead. Orig. desig.

Two of the species of Tanaostigmodes, albiclavzis Girault and hmvardii Ashmead, often have
cynipid inquilines in their galls.

Revision: Crawford, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 40: 442.

Tanaostigmodes albiclavus Girault
Ariz. Ecology: Produce large stem galls on Acacia greggi. Mimosa
biuncifera.
Taneostig)Hodes{\) albiclavus Girault, 1917. Descr. Stellarum Nov., p. 4. ♀.

Tanaostigmodes howardii Ashmead
Ariz., Calif. Ecology: Produce small, spherical bud galls on Acacia greggi.
Mimosa biuncifera, Prosopis sp.

Tanaostig)nodes howardii Ashmead, 1896. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 4: 19. ♀.

Tanaostigmodes slossonae Crawford
Fla. Ecology: Produce seed galls on Galactia striata, G. volubilis.

Tanaostigmodes slossonae Crawford, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 40: 442. ♀, ♂.

Tanaostigmodes tychii Ashmead
Calif. Host: Tychins semisquamosns Lee.

Tanaostigmodes tychii Ashmead, 1896. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 4: 19. ♀.




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Subfamily CALOSOTINAE

Taxonomy: Boucek, 1958. Mus. Natl. Pragae, Acta Ent. 32: 354-355. — Boucek, 1964. Ent. Soc.
Canada, Mem. 34: 60.

Genus CALOSOTA Curtis

Calosota Curtis, 1836. Brit. Ent. 13: 596.

Type-species: Caloxota veniali.s Curtis. Orig. desig.
Calosoter Walker, 1837. Ent. Mag. 4: 358.

Type-species: Calosoter venialis Walker. Desig. by Westwood, 1840.

Taxonomy: Bolivar y Pieltain, 1929. Eos 5: 123. — Hedqvist, 1963. Studia Forest. Suecica 11:
139. -Graham, 1969. Roy. Ent. Soc. Lond., Proc. (B) 38: 89-91 (Identity of type-species).

Calosota longiventris (Ashmead)
Idaho, Calif.

Calosoter longiceutris Ashmead, 1896. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 4: 12. ♀, ♂.

Calosota metallica (Gahan)
Idaho, Utah, Wash., Oreg., Calif. Ecology: Either a primary or secondary
parasite, feeding on other insects that develop in grass stems. Host: Mayetiola
destructor (Say), Hanuolita graudis (Riley), H. tritici (Fitch) as primary parasites;
Diiropiitotits aureoviridis Crawford, Eiirytotiia parva Phillips as secondary parasites.
Calosoter Dietallicus Gahan, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (24): 16. ♂, ♀.

Biology: Knowlton and Janes, 1933. Utah Agr. Expt. Sta. Bui. 243: 12. —Gahan, 1934 (1933).
U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 174: 58-60. —Chamberlain, 1941. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui.
784: 38-40. -Nikolskaja, 1952. Opred. Fauna USSR 44: 483. -Phillips and Poos, 1953. U.
S. Dept. Agr., Farmers Bui. 1323, p. 5. -Nikolskaja, 1963. Keys Fauna USSR 44: 497
(Eng. transl.).

Genus EUSANDALUM Ratzeburg

EusandaliDN Ratzeburg, 1852. Ichn. d. Forstins., v. 3, p. 199.

Type-species: Eiisandaliou abbreviatiun Ratzeburg. Desig. by Ashmead, 1904.
Polymoria Foerster, 1856. Hym. Stud., v. 2, p. 31. No included species.

Type-species: Polymoria coronata Thomson. First included species, Thomson, 1875.
Ratzeburgia Foerster, 1856. Hym. Stud., v. 2, pp. 31, 145.

Type-species: Eusandahnn abbreviatum Ratzeburg. Desig. by Gahan and Fagan
1923.
Meseusandahau Girault, 1915. Queensland Mus., Mem. 4: 34.

Type-species: Meseusandaluni cyaneiventris Girault. Orig. desig.
Polyniorioides Masi, 1941. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, Ann. 61: 154.

Type-species: Polymorioides tessellatus Masi. Orig. desig.

Revision: Girault, 1917. Jour. Ent. and Zool. 9: 8-10.

Taxonomy: Risbec, 1952. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Mem. (E) 2: 98 (generic synonymy).

—Boucek, 1967. Acta Ent. Bohemoslov. 64: 261-266 (generic synonymy). —Boucek, 1970.

Soc. Ent. Ital., Mem. 49: 78-80 (corrected synonymy).

Eusandalum acmaeoderae Girault
Calif. Host: Acmaeodera sp. in Ceanothus integ€rri7))us.

Eitsaudalion acmaeoderae Girault, 1917 (March). Jour. Ent. and Zool. 9: 9.

Eusandahim acviaeorerae(,\) Rohwer, 1917 (June). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 171. ♀.

Eusandalum alpinum Girault
Calif.

Eusandalum alpinum Girault, 1917. Jour. Ent. and Zool. 9: 8. ♀.

Eusandalum amphicerovorum (Ashmead)
N. J., Kans. Host: Amphicenis bicaudafiis (Say).

RatzburgiaV.) amphicerovora Ashmead, 1888. Kans. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 3, App. p. V. "6"
= 9.

Eusandalum arizona Girault
Ariz.

Eusandalton arizona Girault, 1917. Jour. Ent. and Zool. 9: 9. ♀.

Eusandalum californicum Girault
Calif.

EusandaliDn californicum Girault, 1917. Jour. Ent. and Zool. 9: 8. ♀.

Eusandalum coquillettii (Ashmead)
Calif. Host: Oone gracilis Lee.

Ratzeburgia coquillettii Ashmead, 1896. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 4: 11. ♀.




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Eusandalum cyaneum (Ashmead)
Ariz., Calif.

Ratzebnrgia cyanea Ashmead, 1896. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 4: 11. ♀.

Eusandalum georgia Girault
D. C, Ga.

EusandaluDi georgia Girault, 1917. Jour. Ent. and Zool. 9: 8. ♀.

Eusandalum hubbardii (Ashmead)
N. J., D. C, Fla., Mont., Wash. Host: Leptostylus biustus Lee.

Ratzebnrgia hubbardii Ashmead, 1896. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 4: 12. ♀.

Biology: De Leon, 1934. Canad. Ent. 66: 60.

Eusandalum hyalinipennis (Ashmead)
Tex., Calif.

Ratzebnrgia kyalinipenni.H Ashmead, 1896. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 4: 12. ♀.

Eusandalum obscurum Girault
Wash.

Eusandalum obscurum Girault, 1917. Jour. Ent. and Zool. 9: 8. ♀.

Subfamily EUPELMINAE

Taxonomy: Ashmead, 1896. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 4: 4-20. — Ruschka, 1921 (1920). Zool.-Bot.
Gesell. Wien., Verhandl. 70: 234-315 (European fauna). — Masi, 1943. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat.,
Ann. 61: 153 (key to genera). — Ferriere, 1938. Soc. Ent. France, Ann. 107: 25-26.
— Ferriere, 1954. Schweiz. Ent. Gesell, Mitt. 27: 1-21 (brachypterous forms). — Hedqvist,
1963. Studia Forest. Suecica 11: 131-132 (bark-beetle parasites).

Genus METAPELMA Westwood

Metapelnia Westwood, 1835. Zool. Soc. London, Proc. 3: 69.

Type-species: Metapelvia spectabilis Westwood. Monotypic.
Halidea Foerster, 1856. Hym. Stud., v. 2, p. 31. No species. — Foerster, 1860. Naturh. Ver.
Rheinlande, Verhandl. 17: 113. Two species.

Type-species: Halidea insignis Foerster. Desig. by Gahan and Fagan, 1923.
Halidayella Dalla Torre, 1897. Wien. Ent. Ztg. 16: 85. N. name for Halidea, unnecessarily
proposed.

Revision: Ferriere, 1938. Soc. Ent. France, Ann. 107: 25-43.

Metapelma schwarzi (Ashmead)
Conn., N. Y., N. J., s. to Fla., w. to Mo., Ark., Ariz., Oreg., Calif. Host:
Apteroviechus ferratus (Say), Magdalis arniicollis (Say).
Halidea Schwarzi Ashmead, 1890. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 1: 265. ♀.

Metapelma spectabile Westwood
Conn., N. Y., N. J., s. to Fla., w. to Kans., Tex. Host: Agrilus angelicus
Horn, Chrysobothris fettmrata (Olivier), Cylas elegantuius (Summers), Magdalis olyra
(Hbst.), M. pandura (Say).
Metapelnia spectabilis Westwood, 1835. Zool. Soc. London, Proc. 3: 69. ♀.

Biology: Blackman and Stage, 1924. N. Y. State Col. Forestry, Syracuse Univ., Tech. Pub. 17:
25. — Rhoads, 1924. In Blackman and Stage, N. Y. State Col. Forestry, Syracuse Univ.,
Tech. Pub. 17: 185. — Beal and Massey, 1945. Duke Univ. School Forest., Bui. 10: 69.

Genus EUPELMUS Dalman

Eupelmus Dalman, 1820. Svenska Vetensk. Akad., Handl. 41: 136, 180.

Type-species: Eiipehnus me)H7ionius Dalman. Desig. by Westwood, 1840.
Cerambycobius Ashmead, 1896. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 4: 7, 10, 17.

Type-species: Eupelmus cleri Ashmead. Orig. desig.

Revision: Crawford, 1908. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 9: 157-158 (Cerambycobius).

Eupelmus allynii (French)
P. E. L, Ont., Man., common throughout U. S. Host: Languria mozardi Latr.;
Coleophora lualiroretla Riley, Epiblema otiosana (Clem.), Tischeria malifoliella Clem.;
Lasioptera cernoniae Beut., Mayetiola destructor (Say), Meromyza aiuericana Fitch, M.
saltatrix (L.); Antistrophus pisum (Walsh) galls, Bracon cephi (Gahan), Bruchophagus
spp., Cephus ductus Nort., C. pygtuaeus (L.), Ditropiuotus aureoviridis Cwfd.,
Eupteroiuatus subapterus (Riley), Eurytoma parva Phillips, Habrocytus languriae
Ashm., Haruiolita albo)uaculata (Ashm.), H. elymi (French), H. elyniicola P. and E., H.
elyuiivora P. and E., H. elyuiophaga P. and E., H. grandis (Riley), H. hold Phillips, H.




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hordei (Harris), H. linearis (Walk.), H. maculata (How.), H. tntici (Fitch), H. vaginicola
(Doane), Homoponis chalcidiphagus (W. and R.), H. destructor (Say), H.febriculosns
(Grit.), Pediobius luetcJlicus (Nees), Platygaster hiemalis Pack., P. zosine Walk.,
Tetrastichus charoba (Walk.), Tracheliis tabidus (F.).
Isosoma allynii French, 1881. Prairie Farmer 52: 418.

Taxonomy: Parker, 1924. Soc. Ent. France, Ann. 93: 266, 286. — Gahan, 1934 (1933). U. S.
Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 174: 41-46.

Biology: Packard, 1916. Jour. Agr. Res. 6: 370-373. —Phillips and Poos, 1921. Jour. Agr. Res.
21: 405-426. -Gahan, 1934 (1933). U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 174: 41-46. -Hill, Pinckney
and Udine, 1939. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 689: 3-15. -Chamberlain, 1941. U. S. Dept.
Agr., Tech. Bui. 784: 29, 39. -Wester, 1956. Ent. Soc.Wash., Proc. 58: 285-286. -Neunzig
and Gyrisco, 1959. Jour. Econ. Ent. 52: 900-901. -Allen, 1962. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui.
1265: 98-99. -Brandhorst, 1964. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 57: 75-76. -Batiste, 1967. Hilgardia
38: 463. -Morrill and Kieckhefer, 1971. Jour. Econ. Ent. 64: 1129-1131.

Morphology: Hill and Pinckney, 1940. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 715: 2-3, 7, 11-13.

Eupelmus amicus Girault
Mass., N. Y., s. to Ga., w. to Ark., Tex., N. Mex. Host: Acanthoscelides
alboscutellatus (Horn), A.floridae (Horn), Anthononius grandis Boh., Brnclius
brachialis Fahr., B. pisoruni (L.), Chalcodennus aeneus Boh., Desmoris fulvus Lee,
Mimotiestes aviicus (Horn), Scolytus multistriatus (Marsh.); Acrobasis caryae Grote, A.
caryivorella Rag., Coleophora vialivorella Riley, Dioryctria disclusa Hein., Grapholitha
molesta (Busck), Rhyacionia frustraiia (Comst.), Ulopltora grotei Rag.; Macrocentrus
sp.
Eupelmus cyaniceps var. amicus Girault, 1916. Canad. Ent. 48: 244. ♀.

Biology: Fenton and Dunnam, 1929. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 112: 66. — Beacher, 1947.
Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 40: 532-544. — Brunson, 1948. Jour. Econ. Ent. 41: 119. —Nickels et
al., 1950. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1011: 3, 20. -Schaffner, 1959. U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc.
Pub. 767: 87. -Allen, 1962. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1265: 97-98.

Eupelmus ashmeadi Melander and Brues
Mass.

Eupehnus Ashmeadi Melander and Brues, 1903. Biol. Bui. 5: 21. ♀.

Eupelmus auratus Ashmead
Fla., La. Host: Disholcaspis qtiercusvirens (Ashm.), Callirhytis
quercusnigosa (Ashm.) galls.

Eupelmtis auratus Ashmead, 1886. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 12: 128. ♀.

Eupelmus bardus Girault
Calif.

Eupelmus bardus Girault, 1917. Descr. Hym. Chalcidoid. Variorum cum Observ. V, p. 3. ♀.

Eupelmus biguttus Girault
Md.

Eupelmus 2-guttus Girault, 1917. Ent. News 28: 256 9. (biguttus on p. 494).

Eupehnus duoguttus Peck, 1963. Canad. Ent., Sup. 30, p. 485. Emend.

Eupelmus brevicauda
***authority mismatch
(Crawford). Tex., Ariz. Host: Acanthoscelides submuticus (Sharp).

Cerambycobius brevicauda Crawford, 1908 (1907). Ent. Soc, Wash., Proc. 9: 158. ♀.

Eupelmus bruchivorus (Crawford)
Va., N. C, Tex. Host: Acanthoscelides homi (Pic), Mimosestes sallaei
(Sharp).

Cerambycobius bruchivorus Crawford, 1908 (1907). Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 9: 158. ♀.

Eupelmus charitopoides Girault
W. Va., La.

Eupehnus charitopoides Girault, 1916. Canad. Ent. 48: 244. ♀.

Eupelmus cleri Ashmead
Va., N. C. Host: Thanasimus trifasciatus (Say), undet. clerid in white pine.

Eupehnus cleri Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 339. ♀, ♂.

Eupelmus coccidis Girault
Tex. Host: Coccus hesperidum L.

Eupelmus coccidis Girault, 1916. Ent. News 27: 223. ♀.

Eupelmus conigerae Ashmead
N. J., Fla. Host: Callirhytis quercusventricosa (Bass.) gall.

Eupehnus conigerae Ashmead, 1885. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 12: Proc. p. xv. 9.

Eupelmus cushmani (Crawford)
La., Tex.; Hawaii, Cent, and So. Amer. Host: Acanthoscelides
ochraceicolor (Pic), Anthonomus graiidis Boh., Araecerus fasciculafiis (Deg.),
Cylindrocopturus adspersus (Lee), C. longulus (Lee), Lixus scrobicollis Boh.,
Mimosestes sallaei (Sharp), Trichobaris texana Lee
Cerambycobius cushmani Crawford 1908 (1907). Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 9: 158. ♀.




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Ceranibycobius townsendi Crawford, 1912. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 43: 166. ♀, ♂.

Taxonomy: Gahan, 1951. Canad. Ent. 83: 172.

Biology: Pierce, 1910. Jour. Econ. Ent. 3: 455. —Pierce, Cushman and Hood, 1912. U. S. Dept.
Agr., Bur. Ent. Bui. 100: 51-62. -Pierce and Cushman, 1915. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 17:
165. — Hambleton, 1937. Arch. Inst. Biol. Sao Paulo 8: 96-97. — Pemberton, 1954. Hawaii.
Ent. Soc, Proc. 15: 287. -Hinckley, 1959. Hawaii. Ent. Soc, Proc 17: 267. -Hinckley,
1961. Ecology 42: 528-529.

Morphology: Snodgrass, 1910. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 39: 65.

Eupelmus cyaniceps Ashmead
Ont., s. to Fla., w. to Calif. Host: Acanthoscelides honii (Pic), A. obtectus
(Say), A. ocliraceicolor (Pic), A. .Hubynitticus (Sharp), Amblycerus robiniae (F.),
Anthonomiis albopilosus Dietz, A. grandis Boh., Apion rostrum Say, C lindrocopturus
adspersus Lee, C. longuluH Lee, Gibbobruchus luinius (Say), Lixits nuisculus Say, L.
scrobicollis Boh., MiniOHestes sallaei (Sharp), Sniicraulax tuberculatiis Pierce,
Trichobarix covipacta Casey, T. texana Lee, Tychius sordidns Lee; Bucculatrix
futiicola Braun, Epiblenia strenua>ia (Walk.), Grapholitha molesta (Busck), Heliodines
ionia Clarke, Laspeyresia povionella (L.), Rhyacionia biioliana (Schiff.), R.frustrana
(Comst.); Bracon sp., Glypta sp., Hyposoter fugitivus (Say).
Eupehnus cyaniceps Ashmead, 1886. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 13: 129. ♀.

Taxonomy: Finlayson, 1962. Canad. Ent. 94: 277-279 (immature stages).

Biology: Pierce, 1908. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Bui. 73: 29-48. —Pierce, Cushman and
Hood, 1912. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Bui. 100: 31-68. —Pierce and Cushman, 1915. Ent.
Soc, Wash., Proc. 17: 165-167. —Tucker, 1922. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 30: 144. — Breland,
1948. Ent. News 59: 234. -Wester, 1956. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 58: 286. -Allen, 1962. U.
S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1265: 96-97. — Brandhorst, 1962. Ent. Soc Amer., Ann. 55: 477.
— Harman and Kulman, 1962. Jour. Econ. Ent. 55: 1007. — Kulman, 1965. Jour. Econ. Ent.
58: 68.

Morphology: Parker, 1924. Soc. Ent. France, Ann. 93: 266.

Eupelmus cynipidis Ashmead
Fla., La. Host: Callirhytis quercusbatatoides (Ashm.) gall.

Eiipelvnis cynipidis Ashmead, 1882. Canad. Ent. 14: 36. ♀.

Eupelmus dryophantae Ashmead
Fla. Host: Dryocosnius quercuslaurifoliae (Ashm.) gall.

Eupelmus dryophantae Ashmead, 1886. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 13: 130. ♀, ♂.

Eupelmus ficigerae (Ashmead)
Fla. Host: Andricus fevioratus Ashm., Disholcaspis quercusvirens
(Ashm.).

Megastigma {]) ficigerae Ashmead, 1887. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 14: 185. ♂.

Eupelmus flavovariegatus Ashmead
Kans. Ecology: Emerged from an undet. cynipid gall.

Eupelmus flavovariegatus Ashmead, 1888. Kans. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 3: App. p. IV. 9, 6.

Eupelmus floridanus Howard
Fla.

Eupelmus Floridanus Howard, 1880. Canad. Ent. 12: 209. ♂.

Eupelmus fonteia Walker
Fla.

Eupelmus fonfeia Walker, 1847. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (1) 20: 19. ♀.

Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32: 149 (lectotype designated).

Eupelmus inyoensis Girault
Utah, Calif. Host: Saissetia oleae (Bern.); Asphondylia adenostoma Felt;
Apliycus lou)isburyi How., Piniploptems sp.
Eupelmus inyoensis Girault, 1916. Ent. News 27: 223. ♀, ♂.

Taxonomy: Smith and Compere, 1928. Calif. Univ. Pubs., Ent. 4: 295-297.

Biology: Compere, 1925. Calif. Univ. Pubs., Ent. 3: 296. —Flanders, 1940. Ent. Soc. Amer.,
Ann. 33: 252. — Tilden, 1951. Microentomology 16: 164, 173. —Flanders, 1953 (1952). Ent.
Soc. Amer., Ann. 45: 544, 547. — Doutt, 1961. Ent. Soc Amer., Ann. 54: 51.

Eupelmus juglandis Ashmead
N. Y., Va., N. C, Kans. Host: Scolytus rugulosus (Ratz.).
Eupehnus juglandis Ashmead, 1894. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 21: 340. ♀.

iamachus Walker. Fla.

Eupelmus Lamachus Walker, 1847. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (1) 20: 20. ♀.




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Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32: 150.

Eupelmus limneriae Howard
Conn., s. to Fia. Host: Grapliolitlia niolesta (Busck), Homaledra sabalella
(Chamb.); Campoplex "alidus (Cress.), Ceratostnicra sp., Macrocentrus ancylivonis
Roh.
Eitpehnits liunieriae Howard, 1897. U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent, Tech. Ser. 5: 39, 56. ♀, ♂.

Biology: Allen, 1962. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1265: 93-95.

Eupelmus macrocarpae Ashmead
111., Kans. Host: Acraspis eri)iacei (Beut.), A. pezomachoides (0. S.),
Disholcaspis qiwrcHsuKutniia (Walsh) galls.
Eupehiius macrocarpae Ashmead, 1888. Kans. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 3: App. p. IV. 9.

Biology: Balduf, 1926. Canad. Ent. 58: 160-163.

Eupelmus marylandicus Girault
Md.

Eitpehiius manjlandicus Girault, 1916. Canad. Ent. 48: 242. ♀.

Eupelmus momphae Gahan
Conn., Ga., Ala., Tex. Host: Monipha brevivittella (Clem.), Phalonia
cepliaUuithatia Hein.
Eupehiius momphae Gahan, 1910. Canad. Ent. 42: 205. ♀.

Eupelmus neococcidis Peck
Md., La., Tex., Ariz. Host: Stagmomautis Carolina (Johan.), S. limbata
(Hahn), Tenodera aiigustipeinii.s Sauss.
Eupelmus brevicauda Gahan, 1910. Canad. Ent. 42: 205. ♀. Preocc. by Crawford, 1908.
Eupelmus coccidin Girault, 1917. Descr. Stellarum Nov., p. 6. N. name. Preocc. by Girault,

1916.
Eupelmus neococcidis Peck, 1951. U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 510. N. name.

Biology: Breland, 1941. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 34: 108. — Gurney, 1959. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc.

61: 23.

Eupelmus neomexicanus Girault
N. Mex.

Eupelmus neomexicanus Girault, 1906. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 9: 307. ♀.

Eupelmus pini Taylor
N. H., Mass., Conn., N. Y. Host: Pissodes strobi (Peck).

Eupelmus pini Taylor, 1927. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 22: 205. ♀.

Biology: Taylor, 1929. Ent. Amer. 10: 12-16, 66.

Eupelmus popa Girault
Va., s. to Fla., w. to Mo., Okla., Tex.; Hawaii, West Indies, Cent, and So. Amer.,
Orient, Africa, Australia. Host: Contarinia sorgliicola (Coq.).
Eupelmus popa Girault, 1917. Descr. Hym. Chalcidoid. Variorum cum Observ. V, p. 4. ♀.

Taxonomy: Gahan, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 61 (24): 14.

Biology: Woodruff, 1929. Jour. Econ. Ent. 22: 160-167. -Walter, 1941. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech.
Bui. 778: 18-20. -Passlow, 1958. Queensland Jour. Agr. Sci. 15: 35. —Harris, 1961. Bui.
Ent. Res. 52: 134. -Piore and Viggiani, 1965. Lab. Ent. Agr., Bol. 23: 23.

Eupelmus quercus Ashmead
Fla. Host: Disliolcaspis quercusvirens (Ashm.) gall.

Eupelmus quercus Ashmead, 1886. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 13: 130. ♀.

Eupelmus rosae Ashmead
Fla., La., Kans. Host: Diplolepis spp. galls on rose.

Eupelmus rosae Ashmead, 1882. Canad. Ent. 14: 36. ♀.

Eupelmus rubicola (Ashmead)
Fla. Known only from a single male reared from an undet. dipterous
larva from the stem of Rubus; originally described in the Scelionidae, but the type
specimen is Eupelmus.
Xenomerus rubicola Ashmead, 1887. Ent. Amer. 3: 100. ♂.

Taxonomy: Ashmead, 1893. U. S. Natl. Mus., Bui. 45: 185 (sp. incorrectly trans, from
Scelionidae to Pteromalidae).

Eupelmus speciosus Girault
D. C, Tex. Host: Andricus quercuslaniger (Ashm.) gall.
Eupelmus speciosus Girault, 1916. Canad. Ent. 48: 243. ♀.

Eupelmus sphaericephalus Ashmead
Fla.

Eupelmus sphaericephalus Ashmead, 1886. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 13: 129. ♀.

Eupelmus spongipartus Foerster
N. B., Conn., Ont., N. Y., Pa., Md., Ohio, Wis.; Europe. Introduced from
Europe. Host: Grapholitha inolesta (Busck); Apanteles melanoscelus (Ratz.), Diprion




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similis (Htg.), Glypta nifiscutellaris Cress., Macrocentnis ancylivorus Roh., Meteonis
versicolor (Wesm.).
Eupelmus spongipartus Foerster, 1860. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 17: 123. ♀, ♂.

Taxonomy: Finlayson, 1962. Canad. Ent. 94: 277-279 (immature stages).

Biology: Muesebeck and Dohanian, 1927. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 1487: 12, 21-23. —Proper,
1934. Jour. Agr. Res. 48: 366. — Brunson, 1948. Jour. Econ. Ent. 41: 119. — Brunson and
Allen, 1948. Jour. Econ. Ent. 41: 447. —Reeks and Smith, 1956. Canad. Ent. 88: 572.
—Allen, 1962. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1265: 95-96.

Eupelmus utahensis Girault
Wyo., Utah. Host: Metatephritis fenestrata Foote.

Eupelmun cyanicepn var. utahensis Girault, 1916. Canad. Ent. 48: 244. ♀.

Biology: Fronk et al., 1964. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 57: 575.

Genus ARACHNOPHAGA Ashmead

Arachnophaga Ashmead, 1896. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 4: 9, 10, 18.

Type-species: Enpehnus piceus Riley. Orig. desig.
Brasemopsis Brethes, 1913. Buenos Aires Mus. Nac. de Hist. Nat., An. 24: 106.

Type-species: Brasemopsis halysidotae Brethes. Monotypic.

The name Arachnophaga is somewhat unfortunate for this genus. Half the North American
species are not parasitic on spiders, but develop at the expense of Lepidoptera or their
hymenopterous primary parasites. One species also parasitizes the primary parasites of
Chrysopa.

Revision: Gahan, 1943. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 94: 339-363.

Taxonomy: De Santis, 1960. Rev. Fac. Agron. La Plata 36: 110 (generic synonymy).

Arachnophaga abstrusa Gahan
Tex. Host: Cyrtarachne sp. egg sacs.

Arachnophaga abstrusa Gahan, 1943. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 94: 362. ♀, ♂.

Arachnophaga aldrichi Gahan
Mass., Pa., N. J., Md., Tenn., Miss., Tex. Host: Undet. spider egg sacs.

Arachnophaga aldrichi Gahan, 1943. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 94: 360. ♀.

Arachnophaga aureicorpus (Girault)
S. C, Tex.

Anastatus aureicorpus Girault, 1916. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 9: 299. ♀.

Arachnophaga costalis Gahan
N. J., Del., Md. Host: Eurukuttarus confederata (Grote), Grapholitha molesta
(Busck), Zamopsyche commentella Dyar; Macrocentrus sp.

Arachnophaga costalis Gahan, 1943. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 94: 346. ♀.

Biology: Allen, 1962. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1265: 100.

Arachnophaga ferruginea Gahan
Va., Fla. Host: Epeira pegnia Walck., Gasteracanthus cancrifomiis (L.) egg
sacs.
Arachnophaga ferruginea Gahan, 1943. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 94: 361. ♀.

Arachnophaga frontalis Gahan
Conn., N. J., Va., S. C, Tex., Utah, Ariz. Host: Aiiarsia lineatella Zell.,

Grapholitha molesta (Busck), Gypsonoma sp., Thyridopteryx meadi Edw.; Macrocentrus
ancylivorus Roh., Neodiprion pinusrigidae (Nort.).
Arachnophaga frontalis Gahan, 1943. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 94: 357. ♀, ♂.

Biology: Allen, 1962. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1265: 99-100.

Arachnophaga longiceps (Brues)
Tex. Host: Papilio sp.

Anastatus longiceps Brues, 1907. Wis. Natl. Hist. Soc, Bui. 5: 108. ♀.

Biology: Allen, 1962. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1265: 100.

Arachnophaga nocua Gahan
Tex. Host: Apanteles sp. Secondary parasite of Estigmene acrea (Drury).

Arachnophaga nocua Gahan, 1943. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 94: 348. ♀, ♂.

Arachnophaga picea
***authority mismatch
(Riley). N. J., 111., Ariz., Calif. Host: Argiope argentata (F.), Diguetia canities (McCook),
Epeira gibberosa (Hentz), Mastophora comigera (Hentz), Phidippus opifex McCook,
Theridion globosa (Hentz) egg sacs. Secondary parasite, primary parasite unknown, of
Chrysopa californica Coq.
Eupelmus piceus Riley, 1892. In Howard, Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 2: 296. ♀, ♂.

Taxonomy: Clancy, 1946. Calif. Univ. Pubs., Ent. 7: 459-460.




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Biology: Weese, 1925. 111. Biol. Monog. 9 (4): 19, 46-52. -Weese, 1930. Okla. Acad. Sci., Proc.
10: 18-19. -Clancy, 1946. Calif. Univ. Pubs., Ent. 7: 459-460. — Cazier and Mortenson, 1962.
So. Calif. Acad. Sci., Bui. 61: 74.

Arachnophaga scutata Gahan
111. Host: Undet. spider egg sacs.

Amclinophaga scutata Gahan, 1943. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 94: 353. ♀, ♂.

Genus EUPELMELLA Masi

Macro)ieura Walker, 1837. Ent. Mag. 4: 353. Preocc. by Macronevra Macquart, 1834.

Type-species: Macroneura )iiaculipes Walker. Monotypic.
Macrou'cra Blanchard, 1840. Hist. Nat. Anim. Articules, v. 3, p. 273. Emend.
Eupelniella Masi, 1919. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, Ann. 48: 306.

Type-species: EupehnuH degeeri Dalman. Orig. desig.

Taxonomy: Ferriere, 1954. Schweiz. Ent. Gesell., Mitt. 27: 4. — Hedqvist, 1963. Studia Forest.
Suecica 11, p. 132.

Eupelmella dryorhizoxeni (Ashmead)
Mass., N. Y., Pa., Md., D. C, Va., Fla., Ala., 111., Mo., Nebr., Kans.
Host: Rhabdophaga salicistritichoides (Walsh); Belonocnema treatae Mayr, Diplolepis
dichlocem (Harris), D. ignota (0. S.) galls. This species, having been reliably recorded as
reared from a variety of galls, probably does not parasitize the gall makers, but more
likely attacks some inquilines or parasites of the gall makers.

Eupehnus dryorhizoxeni Ashmead, 1886. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 13: 129. ♀, ♂.

Eupehiius rhizopheluH Brues, 1903. Biol. Bui. 4: 186, 189.

Taxonomy: Burks, 1967. In Krombein and Burks, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, Sup. 2, p.
246 (synonymy).

Biology: Melander and Brues, 1903. Biol. Bui. 5: 21.

Eupelmella epicaste (Walker)
Fla., Kans., Tex. Host: Meteorus sp., M. laphygmae Vier.
Eupehnus Epicaste Walker, 1847. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (1) 20: 20. ♀.

Taxonomy: Burks, 1975. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 32: 149 (synonymy).
Eupehiiiuus meteori Gahan, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 46: 437. ♀.

Biology: Luginbill, 1928. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 34: 74-75. -Vickery, 1929. U. S. Dept.
Agr., Tech. Bui. 138: 21, 32, 55, 58.

Eupelmella melanderi (Brues)
Wash. Host: Diplolepis sp. galls on rose.

Eupelnnis melanderi Brues, 1907. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 5: 54. ♀.

Eupelmella vesicularis (Retzius)
Que., N. B. and Maine, s. to N. C, w. to B. C, s. to Calif.; Europe, N.
Africa, Middle East, Asia Minor. Ecology: This is one of the most polyphagous
chalcidoids, having for hosts Orthoptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera,
and Hymenoptera. The list of names of its hosts reported in the world literature is
extremely lengthy, and the list of these hosts that are reliably known for only North
America is tiresomely long. E. vesicularis is usually a primary parasite, but it may also
be secondary. Introduced probably from Europe in straw, and first reported in
Pennsylvania in 1915. Host: Antliononius signatus Say, Bruchus brachialis Fahr.,
Ceutorhynchus assiniilis (Payk.), Cylindrocopttirus fiimissi Buch., Gyrinns sp., Hypera
postica (Gyll.)., H. runiicis (L.), Tachypterellus consors cerasi List; Argyresthia thuiella
(Pack.), Arcliippus packardianus (Fern.), Coleophora laricella (Hbn.), C. pruniella
Clem., C. sahuani Hein., Eurukuttarus confederata (Grote), Grapholitha molesta
(Busck), Malacosonia disstria Hbn., M. pluviale (Dyar), Porthetria dispar (L.),
Rhyacionia buolia)ia (Schiff.), Stilpnotia salicis (L.); Hylemya sp., Mayetiola destructor
(Say); Agathis calcarata (Cress.), Apanteles nielanoscelus (Ratz.), A. laricellae Mason,
Aulacidea podagrae (Bass.), A. tuniida (Bass.) galls, Bathyplectes curculionis
(Thomson), Bracon cephi (Gahan), Bruchophagus sp., Cephus cinctus Nort., C.
pyginaeus (L.), Dalilbontinus fuscipennis (Zett.), Diplolepis sp. galls, Ditropinotiis
aureoviridis Cwfd., Eupehnus allynii (French), Eurytoma parva Phillips, Harniolita
alboniaculata (Ashm.), H. elynii (French), H.festucae P. and E., H. grandis (Riley), H.
hordei (Harr.), H. linearis (Walker), H. longula (Dalm.), H. macnlata (How.), H. fritici




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(Fitch), H. vaghiicola (Doane), Janus integer (Nort.), Neodiprion abietis (Harr.), N.

pratti banksianae Roh., A^. leconti (Fitch), N. sertifer (Geof.), Platygaster zosine Walker.
Ichneumon vesicularis Retzius, 1783. Genera et Species Insectorum, p. 70.
Eupebnus degeeri Dalman, 1820. Svenska Vetensk. Akad., Handl. 41: 379. ♀.
Eupelmus gerri Nees, 1834. Hym. Ichn. Aff. Monog., v. 2, p. 76. Emend.
Theocolax canadensis Provancher, 1883. Nat. Canad. 14: 34, 9.
Eupelmus albitarsis Costa, 1883. Accad. Sci. Fis. e Mat. Napoli, Atti 2: 101. ♀.
Euryscapus saltator Lindeman, 1887. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou, Bui. (2) 1: 190. ♀.
Eiipelminus coleopterophagus Girault, 1916. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 9: 306. ♀.

Taxonomy: Gahan, 1934 (1933). U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 174: 52-58. —Hill and Pinckney,

1940. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 715: 6-7, 11-13. -Finlayson, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 37-44
(immature stages.).— Hedqvist, 1963. Studia Forest. Suecica 11, p. 133.— Finlayson, 1963.
Canad. Ent. 95: 499 (immature stages).— Burks, 1964 (1963). Canad. Ent. 95: 1262.

Biology: McConnell, 1918. Jour. Econ. Ent. 11: 168. — Muesebeck and Dohanian, 1927. U. S.
Dept. Agr., Bui. 1487: 12, 23-24. —Phillips and Poos, 1927. Jour. Agr. Res. 34: 473-482.
—Doner, 1936. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 29: 226-236. —Morris, 1938. Parasitology 30: 20-32.
—Hill, Pinckney and Udine, 1939. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 689: 4-14. —Chamberlain,

1941. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 784: 25, 29, 38-39. -Nelson, 1953. Canad. Ent. 85: 249.

— Neunzig and Gyrisco, 1959. Jour. Econ. Ent. 52: 901. — Rivosecchi, 1960. Parassitologia 2:
289. -Chararas, 1962. Encyclopedic Ent., v. 38, p. 459. — Gijswijt, 1962. Ent. Ber. 22: 250.
—Allen, 1962. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1265: 100-101. — Angalet and Andres, 1965. Jour.
Econ. Ent. 58: 1167. — Balduf, 1966. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 59: 1048. —Williams, 1969. Ent.
Monthly Mag. 105: 124.

Genus MEROSTENUS Walker

Merostenus Walker, 1837. Ent. Mag. 4: 354.

Type-species: Merostenus pliedyma Walker. Monotypic.
Urocryptus Westwood, 1840. Introd. Mod. Class. Ins., Synopsis p. 72. Preocc. by
Temminck, 1838.

Type-species: Eupelmus excavatus Dalman. Orig. desig.
Eupehninus Dalla Torre, 1897. Wien. Ent. Ztg. 16: 85. N. name for Urocryptus.

Merostenus excavatus Dalman
Utah?; Europe. Introduced, but not known to be established. Host: Hypera
postica (Gyll.).
Eupelmus excavatus Dalman, 1820. Svenska Vetensk. Akad., Handl. 41: 382. ♀.
Merostenus phedyma Walker, 1837. Ent. Mag. 4: 355. ♂.

Biology: Chamberlin, 1924. U. S. Dept. Agr., Cir. 301: 2-4. — Essig and Michelbacher, 1933.
Calif. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 567: 61, 69.

Genus ANASTATUS Motschulsky

Anastatus Motschulsky, 1860 (1859). Etudes Ent. 8: 116.

Type-species: Anastatus 7}iantoidae Motschulsky. Monotypic.
Antigaster Walsh and Riley, 1869. Amer. Ent. 1: 156.

Type-species: Antigaster mirabilis Walsh and Riley. Monotypic.
Solindenia Cameron, 1883. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 1883: 189.

Type-species: Soli)idenia picticornis Cameron. Monotypic.
Paraguaya Girault, 1911. Zool. Jahrb., Abt. f. System. 31: 385.

Type-species: Paraguaya pulcliripennis Girault. Monotypic.
Ooderelloides Girault, 1913. Roy. Soc. So. Austral., Trans. 37: 6,-9, 10.

Type-species: Ooderelloides nigripurpurea Girault. Orig. desig.
Psetidooderella Brethes, 1922. Soc. Cient. Argentina, An. 93: 127.

Type-species: Pseudooderella catamarcensis Brethes. Monotypic.

Revision: Burks, 1967. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 93: 423-431.

Taxonomy: De Santis, 1960. Rev. Fac. Agron. La Plata (3) 36: 111 (generic synomymy).




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Anastatus disparis Ruschka
Maine, s. to N. J.; Europe, Korea, Japan. Introduced from Russia and Japan;
the first recoveries in 1910. Host: Porthetria dispar (L.); Apatiteles melanoscelus
(Ratz.). Development as a secondary parasite may occur only in laboratory or insectary
cultures. N. Amer. literature before 1929 used the name bifasciatiis.
Anastatus bifasciatiis var. disparis Ruschka, 1920. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien., Verh. 70: 265.
S, 9.

Taxonomy: Pieltain, 1934. Eos 10: 286-290. — Tachikawa, 1965. In Yasumatsu et a/., Icon. Ins.
Jap., V. 3, p. 281 {disparis syn. o{ japonicus (Ashmead). — Hirose et a/., 1968. Kyushu
Univ. Faculty Agr., Jour. 14: 450, footnote.

Biology: Fiske, 1910. Parasites of Gipsy and Brown-Tail Moths Introduced into Mass. pp.
16-51. -Howard and Fiske, 1911. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Bui. 91: 75, 168-176.
— Muesebeck and Dohanian, 1927. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 1487: 24. —Burgess and
Grossman, 1929. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 86: 23-31. -Felker, 1940. N. H. Dept. Agr.,
Bien. Rpt. 14: 122. —Brown and Sheals, 1944. Jour. Forestry 42: 400. —Clausen, 1956. U.
S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1139: 76. — Karnozitzky, 1957. Bulg. Akad. Nauk. Zool. Inst.,
Trud. 4: 37, 97. — Templado, 1957. Inst. Biol. Apl. Pubs. Barcelona 25: 126. — Vasic and
Salatic, 1959. Zast. Bilja 52-53: 45. — Stefanov and Keremedziev, 1961. Viss. Lesot. Inst.
Sofia, Nauch., Trud. 9: 162. — Tadic, 1961. Zast. Bilja 13: 63-64. -Salatic, 1963. Zast. Bilja
14: 693-699. -Bjegovic, 1963. Zast. Bilja 14: 544. -Bjegovic, 1964. Zast. Bilja 15: 369.
— Dissescu and Ceianu, 1967. Rev. Padurilor 82: 470. — Kochetova, 1968. Zool. Zhur. 47:
1572.

Anastatus drassi (Riley)
Mo. Host material preserved with original type specimen appears to be cocoon
of a dryinid.

Eupeimus drassi Riley, 1892. hi Howard, Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 2: 297. ♀.

Anastatus floridanus Roth and Willis
Fla. Host: Eurycotis floridana (Walker).

Anastatus floridanus Roth and Willis, 1954. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 80: 31. ♀, ♂.

Biology: Roth and Willis, 1954. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 80: 33-39. —Roth and Willis, 1960.
Smithsn. Inst., Misc. Coll. 141: 245-246.
furnissi Burks. Oreg. Host: Coloradia pandora Blake, Pseudohazis sp.
Anastatus fumissi Burks, 1967. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 93: 426. ♀.

Anastatus gemmarii (Ashmead)
Fla. Originally said to have been reared from galls of Callirhytis

quercusgennnaria (Ashm.), but in the subsequent nearly 90 years it has not been reared
again from this rather common gall. The host record may be incorrect.
Eupeimus gemmarii Ashmead, 1886. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 13: 129. ♀.

Anastatus hirtus (Ashmead)
N. Y., s. to Fla. Host: Thyanta custator (F.).

Eupeimus liirtus Ashmead, 1885. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 12: Proc. p. xlv. ♀, ♂.

Anastatus mantis (Ashmead)
Fla., Ga., 111., Miss., Ark., Okla., Tex. Host: Stag7noma7itis Carolina (Johan.).

Eupeimus mantis Ashmead, 1885. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 12: Proc p. xv. ♀, ♂.

Anastatus microcentri Gahan
Pa., D. C, 111., Kans., Tex., N. Mex., Ariz. Host: Microcentrum sp.

Anastatus microcentri Gahan, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 61 (24): 12. ♀, ♂.

Anastatus mirabilis (Walsh and Riley)
N. J., s. to Fla., w. to Kans., Tex.; Mexico. Host: Amblycoryphe
oblongifolia (Deg.), Microcentrum retinerve (Burm.), M. rhombifolium (Sauss.);
Acrosfernum liilare (Say), Brochymena sp.
Antigaster mirabilis Walsh and Riley, 1869. Amer. Ent. 1: 156. ♀.

Taxonomy: Riley, 1874. Mo. State Bd. Agr., Ann. Rpt. 9: 162-165.

Biology: Howard, 1880. Canad. Ent. 12: 209-210. —Howard, 1881. U. S. Dept. Agr., Ann. Rpt.
for 1880, pp. 250-251. —Griffiths, 1952. Fla. Ent. 35: 137-138.

Anastatus pearsalli Ashmead
Mass., N. Y., N. J., Pa., Va., N. C, Ohio, Wis., Ark. Host: Acrostemum
liilare (Say), Arcliimerus alternatus (Say), Banasa dimidiata (Say); Paonias astylus
(Drury), Telea polyphemus (Cramer); Apanteles melanoscelus (Ratz.).
Anastatus pearsalli Ashmead, 1898. Ent. News 9: 24. ♀.

Biology: Muesebeck and Dohanian, 1927. U. S. Dept. Agr., Bui. 1487: 24-25.




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Anastatus reduvii (Howard)
Md., s. to Fla., w. to Kans., Tex.; West Indies, Cent, and North. South Amer.
Host: Microcentriim sp.; Acrosternuni liilare (Say), Anasa tristis (Deg.), Arilus
cristatus (L.), Tetyra bipunctata (H.-S.); Anisota senatoria (S. and A.), Estigmene acrea
(Drury), Telea polijphenius (Cramer).
Eupelnius reduvii Howard, 1880. Canad. Ent. 12: 207. ♂, ♀.

Revision: Waterston, 1923. Bui. Ent. Res. 14: 104-108.

Biology: Underhill, 1934. Va. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 294: 17-18. — Cleare and Squire, 1934. Agr.
Jour. Brit. Guiana 5: 189. — Breland, 1941. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 34: 110.

Anastatus ruficollis (Cameron)
Calif. Host: Microcentnun rhovibifoliuni (Sauss.), Scudderia furcata
Brunner. In much California literature this sp. is treated under the name vtirabilis.
Braneina ruficolli.s Cameron, 1905. Invertebrata Pacifica 1: 125. ♀.
Anastatus rugosicollis Crawford, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 46: 347.

Taxonomy: Essig, 1926. Insects of West. No. Amer., p. 843.

Biology: Issac, 1905. Calif. State Comn. Hort., Bien. Rpt. 1: 102 (mirabilis). —Essig, 1913.
Calif. State Comn. Hort, Monthly Bui. 2: 22, 274 (mirabilis).

Anastatus semiflavidus Gahan
Kans., Tex., N. Mex., Ariz., Calif. Host: Hemileuca nevadensis Stretch, H.
oliviae Ckll.
AnaHtaim >iemiflavidus Gahan, 1914. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 48: 160. ♀, ♂.

Biology: Caffrey, 1921. Jour. Agr. Res. 21: 373-384. -Wildermuth and Frankenfeld, 1933.

Jour. Econ. Ent. 26: 794-798. -Frankenfeld and Barnes, 1933. Jour. Econ. Ent. 26: 799-805.

—Barnes and Frankenfeld, 1935. Jour. Econ. Ent. 28: 917-924. —Barnes, 1944. Jour. Econ.

Ent. 37: 544-545. -Clausen, 1956. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1139: 50.

Anastatus tenuipes Bolivar and Pieltain
Md., s. to Fla., w. to 111., Kans., Tex., Ariz.; Cosmopolitan.
Ecology: Well established in buildings infested with brownbanded roaches, and
competing successfully with Co»iperia luerceti (Comp.), an encyrtid parasite of the same
roach. An adventive species, often intercepted at ports of entry, following its host into
North America; first established in Arizona in 1939, widespread in Gulf Coast by 1940.
Host: Supella iiitpellectiliu»i (Serv.).

Anastatus tenuipes Bolivar y Pieltain, 1925. Soc. Roy. Ent. Egypte, Bui. 9: 43. ♀.

Anastatus blattidaruvi Ferriere, 1930. Bui. Ent. Res. 21: 33. ♀.

Soliiidenia blattiphagus Mani, 1936. Indian Mus., Rec. 38: 131. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Roth and Willis, 1960. Smithsn. Inst., Misc. Coll. 141: 246. —Burks, 1967. Amer.
Ent. Soc, Trans. 93: 430.

Biology: Pruthi and Mani, 1940. India Imp. Council Agr. Res., Misc. Bui. 30: 12. —Flock,
1941. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 36: 1-4. — Tinkham, 1948. Amer. Midland Nat. 40: 557.
—Weber, 1951. Hawaii. Ent. Soc, Proc. 14: 223. —Roth and Willis, 1960. Smithsn. Inst.
Misc. Coll. 141: 246-247.

Anastatus zeli (Ashmead)
Fla. Host: Zeius longipes (L.).

Eupehnus zeli Ashmead, 1886. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 13: 130. ♀.

Taxonomy: Burks, 1967. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 93: 431.

Genus PHLEBOPENES Perty

Phlebopenes Perty, 1833. Delect. Anim. Articul. Brasil, fasc. 3, p. 132.

Type-species: Phlebopenes splendidus Perty. Monotypic.
Prionopelnia Westwood, 1835. Zool. Soc. London, Proc. 3: 51.

Type-species: Prionopelnia viridis Westwood. Monotypic.

Revision: Roman, 1920. Arkiv for Zool. 12: 24-30.

Taxonomy: Burks, 1964. Ent. News 75: 1-2. -De Santis, 1967. Comision Invest. Cient. Prov.
Buenos Aires, Notas 4(8): 3 (Argentine sp.).

Phlebopenes hetricki Burks
Md., Ga., Fla.

Phlebopenes hetricki Burks, 1964. Ent. News 75: 2-5. ♀.




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Genus ZAISCHNOPSIS Ashmead

hcliHopnis Ashmead, 1896. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 4: 16. Preocc. by Walsingham, 1881.

Type-species: Isclinopais ophthahuica Ashmead. Orig. desig.
ZaiachnopaiH Ashmead, 1904. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 6: 126. N. name.

Zaischnopsis schwarzii (Ashmead)
Fla.

Charitopim schwarzii Ashmead, 1896. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 4: 11. ♀.

Taxonomy: Gahan, 1951. Canad. Ent. 83: 172.

Genus ENCYRTASPIS Ashmead

Encyrtaspia Ashmead, 1904. Carnegie Mus., Mem. 1: 290, 492.

Type-species: Encyrtanpis brasilienniti Ashmead. Monotypic.

Revision: Gahan, 1943. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 94: 363-369.

Encyrtaspis californica (Ashmead)
N. Mex., Calif. Host: Anarsia lineatella Zell., Evetria sp.
Tineobius califoniicun Ashmead. 1896. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 4: 15. ♀.

Encyrtaspis laticeps (Brues)
Tex.

Anastatits laticeps Brues, 1907. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 5: 107. ♀.

Encyrtaspis semirufa Gahan
N. Y., s. to Fla., w. to La., Tex., Ariz. Host: Gmpholitha ))iolesfa (Busck),
Laetilia coccidivoni (Comst.); Macroce)itnis aiicylivorus Roh.

Encyrtaspis seniiruftis Gahan, 1927. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 71 (4): 10. ♀, ♂.

Biology: Haeussler, 1930. Jour. Agr. Res. 41: 366. -Allen, 1962. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui.
1265: 101-102.

Genus LECANIOBIUS Ashmead

Lecaniobius Ashmead, 1896. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 4: 8, 17.

Type-species: Lecaiiiobitts cockerellii Ashmead. Orig. desig.
Zalophofhrix Crawford, 1908. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 9: 156.

Type-species: Zaiophothrix ))iiru»i Crawford. Orig. desig.

Revision: Compere, 1939. Calif. Univ. Pubs., Ent. 7: 79-83.

Taxonomy: Crawford, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 41: 275. -Gahan, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus.,
Proc. 65 (4): 3-4. -Gahan, 1943. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 94: 339.

Lecaniobius capitatus Gahan
Tex.; Mexico, Cent. Amer., S. Amer. Host: Ceroplastes sp., Saissetia
heniispherica (Targ.-Toz.), S. nigra (Niet.), S. oleae (Oliv.).
Lecaniobius capitatus Gahan, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 65 (4): 4-6. ♀.

Lecaniobius cockerellii Ashmead
Fla.; West Indies, Cent, and S. Amer. Host: Saissetia nigra (Niet.), S.
oleae (Oliv.); Scutellista cyanea Mots.
Lecaniobius cockerellii Ashmead, 1896. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 4: 17. ♀.
Zaiophothrix mirum Crawford, 1908. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 9: 157. ♀.

Taxonomy: Smith and Compere, 1928. Calif. Univ. Pubs., Ent. 4: 242, 297-301.

Lecaniobius utilis Compere
Calif.; S. Amer. Introduced from Argentina into Calif., first recovered in 1935.
Later introduced from Calif, into Peru and Brazil. Host: Saissetia oleae (Oliv.).
Lecaniobius utilis Compere, 1939 (Sept.). Calif. Univ. Pubs., Ent. 7: 79. ♀, ♂.

Biology: Wille, 1937. Lima, Peru, Estac. Expt. Agr. de la Molina, Mem. 9: 121 (manuscript
name). —Wille, 1937. Lima, Peru, Estac. Expt. Agr. de la Molina, Informe 42: 4-11
(manuscript name). —Wille, 1938. Lima, Peru, Estac. Expt. Agr. de la Molina, Mem. 10:
194-196 (manuscript name). —Wille, 1939 (Jan.). Lima, Peru, Estac. Expt. Agr. de la
Molina, Mem. 11: 218-219 (manuscript name). —Compere, 1939 (Sept.). Calif. Univ. Pubs.,
Ent. 7: 79-83 (life history). —Flanders, 1942. Jour. Econ. Ent. 35: 687. —Flanders, 1944.
Jour. Econ. Ent. 37: 409. -Clausen, 1956. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1139: 108.




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