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Top-1+1OriginalDatabase of Hymenoptera in America north of MexicoHighertaxa

Superfamily APOIDEA
Family HALICTIDAE

This is among the largest and most widely distributed families of bees. All three of its sub-
famihes occur in the Nearctic Region, but only the Dufoureinae and the Halictinae are well
represented by numerous species.




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Revision: Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 515-521, figs. (spp. of eastern
U. S.).

Biology: Sakagami and Michener, 1962. The Nest Architecture of the Sweat Bees. Kansas
Univ. Press, 135 pp., 181 figs. — Torchio, Rozen, Bohart and Favreau, 1967. N. Y. Ent. Soc,
Jour. 75: 145-146, table 1 (biological differences among subfamilies).

Subfamily DUFOUREINAE

Although this subfamily is chiefly Holarctic in distribution, it is also represented in the
Ethiopian, Oriental and Neotropical regions by at least one or more species. It is absent in the
Australian Region. Many, if not most of the species, are apparently highly restricted in their in-
trafloral relationships and thus oligolecty is a relatively common phenomenon of this subfamily.

Taxonomy: Michener, 1965. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 58: 321-826, 28 figs, (generic review).

Genus DUFOUREA Lepeletier

Taxonomy: Bohart, 1947. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 40: 692-704. —Bohart, 1948. Ent. Soc. Amer.,
Ann. 41: 119-136. —Bohart, 1949. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 42: 55-62.

Genus DUFOUREA Subgenus DUFOUREA Lepeletier

Dufourea Lepeletier, 1841. Hist. Nat. Ins., Hym., v. 2, p. 227.

Type-species: Dufourea niinuta Lepeletier. Desig. by Richards, 1935.

Dufourea convergens Bohart
Calif. (San Diego Co.).

Dufourea convergens Bohart, 1949. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 42: 59. ♂.

Dufourea leachi Timberlake
Calif. (Humboldt and Mendocino Cos.). Pollen: Unknown, but visits flowers
of Brodiaea.
Dufourea leachi Timberlake, 1939. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 32: 398. ♂.

Dufourea viridis Timberlake
South. Calif. Pollen: Unknown, but visits flowers of Eschscholzia
califomica, Platystemon califomicus.
Dufourea {Dufourea) viridis Timberlake, 1941. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 34: 39. ♂, ♀.

Genus DUFOUREA Subgenus HALICTOIDES Nylander

Halictoides Nylander, 1848. Notiser Sallskapet Faune Flora Fenn., v. 1, p. 195.

Type-species: Halictoides dentiventris Nylander. Desig. by Cockerell and Porter,
1899.
Halictoides subg. Epihalictoides Cockerell and Porter, 1899. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7)
4: 420.

Type-species: Panurgus marginatus Cresson. Monotypic.
Halictoides subg. Parahalictoides Cockerell and Porter, 1899. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7)
4: 420.

Type-species: Halictoides campanulae Cockerell. Orig. desig.
Conokalictoides Viereck, 1904. Ent. News 15: 245.

Type-species: Panurgus novaeangliae Robertson. Monotypic and orig. desig.
(=Conohalictoides lovelli Viereck).
Neohalictoides Viereck, 1904. Ent. News 15: 261.

Type-species: Panurgus maurus Cresson. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Cryptohalictoides Viereck, 1904. Ent. News 15: 261.

Type-species: Cryptohalictoides spiniferus Viereck. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Mimulapis Bridwell, 1919. Hawaii. Ent. Soc, Proc. 4: 162.

Type-species: Mimulapis versatilis Bridwell. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Betheliella Cockerell, 1924. Ent. News 35: 169.

Type-species: Betheliella calochorti Cockerell. Monotypic.
Halictoides subg. Cephalictoides Cockerell, 1924. Psyche 31: 244.

Type-species: Halictoides paradoxus Morawitz. Monotypic and orig. desig.
afasciata Bohart. Oreg., Calif. Pollen: Unknown, but visits flowers of Trifolium.
Dufourea afasciata Bohart, 1948. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 41: 130. cJ, 9.




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Dufourea australis
***authority mismatch
australis (Michener). South. Calif. Pollen: Unknown, but visits flowers of Chaenactis,
Encelia farinosa, Erigeron foliosus, Eriopkyllum, Lasthe7iia gracilis. A third
subspecies occurs in Baja California.
Halictoides australis Michener, 1937. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 19: 398. ♂.

Dufourea australis
***authority mismatch
dammersi Timberlake. South. Calif, (deserts).

Dufourea {Halictoides) dammersi Timberlake, 1939. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 32: 407. ♂.

Dufourea bernardina (Michener)
Calif. Pollen: Unknown, but visits flowers oi Agoseris aurantiaca,
Erodium, Gilia capitata, Nemophila integrifolia, Lasthenia chrysostom,a, Phacelia
douglasii.
Halictoides bernardina Michener, 1937. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 19: 401. ♂, ♀.

Dufourea boregoensis (Michener)
Ariz., Calif. Pollen: Collects pollen from flowers of Camissonia

including C. campestris, C. clavaeformis, C. pallida halli, C. refracta, C. scapoidea, but
also visits flowers of Abronia villosa, Cryptantha barbigera, C. dumetorum,, Larrea
tridentata, Malacothrix califomica, Malva pusilla, Nama demissum, Phacelia
fremontii.
Halictoides boregoensis Michener, 1937. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 19: 398. ♂.

Biology: Linsley, MacSwain and Raven, 1963. Calif. Univ. Pubs. Ent. 33: 19 (floral
relationships). —Linsley, MacSwain and Raven, 1964. Calif. Univ. Pubs. Ent. 33: 76 (floral
relationships). —Linsley, MacSwain, Raven and Thorp, 1973. Calif. Univ. Pubs. Ent. 71: 41
(floral relationships).

Dufourea brevicornis Timberlake
Calif. Pollen: Unknown, but visits flowers of Cryptantha intermedia,
Linanthus dianthiflorus, Sphaenosciadium capitellatum.
Dufourea (Halictoides) brevicornis Timberlake, 1939. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 32: 403. ♂, ♀.

Dufourea calientensis Timberlake
Calif. Pollen: Unknown, but visits flowers of Coreopsis bigelovii,
Eschscholzia califomica, Gilia tricolor, Nemophila, Oenothera, Plagiobothrys
nothofulvus, Prunus subcordata.
Dufourea (Halictoides) calientensis Timberlake, 1939. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 32: 405. ♂, ♀.
califomica (Michener). Calif. Pollen: Unknown, but visits flowers of Lasthenia.

Halictoides califomicus Michener, 1935. Pan-Pacific Ent. 11: 181. ♂.

Dufourea calochorti
***authority mismatch
calochorti (Cockerell). Calif. Pollen: Possibly an oligolege of Calochortus, visits
flowers of C. caeruleus var. maweanus.
Betheliella calochorti Cockerell, 1924. Ent. News 35: 170. ♂.

Dufourea calochorti
***authority mismatch
sculleni (Cockerell). Oreg. Pollen: Possibly an oligolege of Calochortus.

Betheliella calochorti sculleni Cockerell, 1937. Canad. Ent. 69: 33. ♂.

Dufourea campanulae (Cockerell)
Wash. Pollen: Unknown, but visits flowers of Calochortus,
Campanula.
Halictoides campanulae Cockerell, 1897. Canad. Ent. 29: 289. ♂.

Dufourea crassipes (Cockerell)
Oreg.

Halictoides crassipes Cockerell, 1924. Psyche 31: 243. ♂.

Dufourea cuprea Bohart
Calif. Pollen: Unknown, but visits flowers of Gilia, Nemophila, Phacelia.

Dufourea cuprea Bohart, 1948. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 41: 119. ♂, ♀.

Dufourea davidsoni (Cockerell)
Calif. Pollen: Unknown, but visits flowers of Eriogonum, nudum,
Gayophytum nuttaUii, G. ramosissimum.
Halictoides davidso7ii Cockerell, 1902. South. Calif. Acad. Sci., Bui. 1: 140. ♂.

Taxonomy: Cockerell, 1925. Calif. Acad. Sci., Proc. (4) 14: 199. ♂, ♀.

Dufourea dentipes Bohart
Calif. Parasite: Neopasites fulviveyitris (Cress.)? Pollen: Unknown, but
apparently oligolege of Calochortus albus, C. monophyllus; also visits Clarkia
rhomboidea, Hypochoeris glabra, Wyethia angustifolia.
Dufourea dentipes Bohart, 1948. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 41: 132. ♂, ♀.

Biology: Torchio, Rozen, Bohart and Favreau, 1967. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 75: 144 (parasite).

Dufourea desertorum Timberlake
South. Calif, (deserts). Pollen: Unknown, but visits flowers of
Eschscholzia including E. miyiutiflora var. darwinensis.
Dufourea (Halictoides) desertorum Timberlake, 1939. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 32: 408.

Dufourea dilatipes Bohart
Alta., Mont.

Dufourea dilatipes Bohart, 1948. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 41: 135. ♂, ♀.




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Dufourea echinocacti Timberlake
South. Calif, (deserts). Pollen: Apparently an oligolege of
Echinocactus including E. acanthodes, E. cylindraceus.
Dufourea (Halictoides) echi7wcacfi Timberlake, 1939. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 32: 399. ♂, ♀.

Dufourea fallugiae (Cockerell)
N. Mex. Pollen: Possibly an oligolege o{ Fallugia.

Halictoides fallugiae Cockerell, 1906. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 17: 359. ♀.

Dufourea femorata Bohart
Calif. Pollen: Presumably oligolege of G ilia including G. capitata, G. tricolor,
but also visits flowers of Cotlinsia, Cryptantha, Layia glandulosa, Nemophila, Sah'ia.
Dufourea femorata Bohart, 1947. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 40: 701. ♂, ♀.

Dufourea fimbriata
***authority mismatch
fimbriata (Cresson). Colo., N. Mex., Ariz., Calif, (high mountains). Pollen:

Apparently an oligolege of Poti^ntilla including P. glandulosa, but also visits flowers of
Penstemon.
Pa7iurffus fimbriatus Cresson, 1878. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 7: 63. ♀.
Halictoides Harvey i Cockerell, 1906. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 17: 223. ♀.

Dufourea fimbriata
***authority mismatch
sierrae (Michener). Calif. (Sierra Nevada and White Mts.). Pollen: Unknown, but
visits flowers of Ranunculus.
Halictoides harveyi sierrae Michener, 1937. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 19: 397. ♀.

Dufourea gilia Bohart
Calif. (16 mi. E. Mt. Hamilton). Pollen: Unknown, but visits flowers of Gilia.

Dufourea gilia Bohart, 1947. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 40: 692. cJ, 9.

Dufourea holocyanea (Cockerell)
Oreg., Calif. Pollen: Unknown, but visits flowers of Ceanothus,
Symphoricarpos.
Halictoides holocyaneus Cockerell, 1925. Calif. Acad. Sci., Proc. (4) 14: 199. ♂.

Dufourea impunctata Bohart
Calif. ("So. Cal.").

Dufourea impunctata Bohart, 1949. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 42: 58. ♂.

Dufourea latifrons Timberlake
South. Calif, (deserts). Pollen: Collects pollen from flowers of
Camissonia including C. brevipes, C. clavaeformis.

Dufourea {Halictoides) latifrons Timberlake, 1939. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 32: 409. ♂.

Biology: Linsley, MacSwain and Raven, 1963. Calif. Univ. Pubs. Ent. 33: 19 (floral
relationships).

Dufourea linanthi Timberlake
South. Calif. Pollen: Apparently an oligolege of Linanthus including L.
aureus, L. dianthiflorus, L. lenimonii, but also visits flowers of Malacothrix gtabrata.
Dufourea (Halictoides) linanthi Timberlake, 1939. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 32: 402. ♂, ♀.

Dufourea longiceps Bohart
Calif. (Panamint Mts.). Pollen: Unknown, but visits flowers of Phacelia.

Dufourea longiceps Bohart, 1948. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 41: 128. ♂, ♀.

Dufourea macswaini Bohart
Calif. Pollen: Unknown, but visits flowers of Clarkia cylindrica, C.
dudleyana, C. purpurea.
Dufourea macswaini Bohart, 1969. Pan-Pacific Ent. 45: 57. ♂, ♀.

Biology: MacSwain, Raven and Thorp, 1973. Calif. Univ. Pubs. Ent. 70: 49 (floral
relationships).

Dufourea malacothricis Timberlake
N. Mex., Ariz, and Calif, (deserts). Pollen: Presumably an oligolege
of Malacothrix including M. califomica, M. glabrata, but also visits flowers of
Anisocoma acaulis, Camissonia pallida hallii, Cryptantha barbigera, Eschscholzia
minutiflora var. darwinensis, Phacelia fremontii.
Dufourea (Halictoides) malacothricis Timberlake, 1939. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 32: 406. ♂.
9.
Biology: Torchio, Rozen, Bohart and Favreau, 1967. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 75: 141-142 (nest
architecture, provisioning, development).

Dufourea marginata
***authority mismatch
halictella Michener. Wyo., Utah, Colo., N. Mex. Pollen: Unknown, but visits
flowers of the Compositae including Helianthus.
Panurgus halictulus Cresson, 1878. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 7: 63. ♂. Preocc.
Dufourea (Halictoides) marginata halictella Michener, 1951. In Muesebeck, Krombem,
townes, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 1132. N. name.
Taxonomy: Cockerell, 1922. Amer. Mus. Novitates 40: 3.




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Dufourea marginata
***authority mismatch
marginata (Cresson). Minn., Wis. and 111. to Miss., west to Alta., Colo, and Utah.
Pollen: Collects pollen from flowers oi Helianthus annuus, but also visits flowers of
Bidens aristosa, Erigeron macranthus.
Pmiurgus marginatus Cresson, 1878. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 7: 62. ♀.
Panurgus autumnaiis Robertson, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 121. ♀.

Taxonomy: Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 516-518, figs.

Biology: Stephen, Bohart and Torchio, 1969. The biology and external morphology of bees, p.
122 (floral relationships).

Dufourea maura (Cresson)
N. Dak., Wyo., Idaho, Nebr., Colo., N. Mex. Pollen: Unknown, but visits
flowers of Campanula. Predator: Philanthus pulcher Dalla Torre.
Panurgus niaurus Cresson, 1878. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 7: 61. "♀"=♂.

Dufourea monardae (Viereck)
Wis., Mich., 111. and Tenn. Pollen: Oligolege of labiates, collects pollen
from flowers of Agastache foeniculum, Monarda including M.fistulosa.
Conohalictoides monardae Viereck, 1924. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 26: 14. ♂, ♀.

Taxonomy: Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 518-519, figs.

Biology: Bouseman, 1976. Kansas Ent. Soc, Jour. 49: 531-532 (floral relationships).

Dufourea mulleri (Cockerell)
Wyo., Calif., Ariz, ^'arasite: Eurystylops sp., Neoposites cressoni Cwfd.
Pollen: Oligolege of Phacelia including P. affinis, P. distans, P popei var. arizonica, P.
ramosissima, P. tanacetifolia, but also visits flowers of Camissonia brevipes,
Cryptantha including C. intermedia, Nemopliila.
Halictoides mulleri Cockerell, 1898. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 25: 190. ♀.

Taxonomy: Cockerell, 1910. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5: 24. 6. — Michener, 1937. Ann. and
Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 19: 400. ♀, ♂.

Biology: Torchio, Rozen, Bohart and Favreau, 1967. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 75: 132-138, figs.
1-6 (nest architecture, provisioning and development, adult activity, pollen source,
parasites).

Dufourea nemophilae (Michener)
Calif. Pollen: Presumably an oligolege of Phacelia including P.
davidsonii, but also visits flowers oi Montia perfoliata, Nemophila integrifolia.
Halictoides neiuophilae Michener, 1937. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 19: 400. ♂, ♀.

Dufourea neocalifornica Bohart
Calif.

Dufourea neocalifornica Bohart, 1947. Ent. Soc Amer., Ann. 40: 697. ♂.

Dufourea novaeangliae (Robertson)
Mo. and Mich, east to N. J. and Maine. Pollen: Unknown, but visits
flowers of Fagopyrum and Pontederia.
Panurgus novae-angliae Robertson, 1897. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 7: 339. ♂.
Conohalictoides lovelli Viereck, 1904. Ent. News 15: 245. ♀, ♂.

Taxonomy: Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 519-520, figs, (redescription).

Dufourea nudicornis Timberlake
South. Cahf. (deserts). Pollen: Presumably an oligolege of Onagraceae
including Camissonia clavaefonnis, C. c. aurantiaca, C. piersonii, Oenothera deltoides,
but also visits flowers of Eschscholzia, Phacelia crenulata.
Dufourea (Halictoides) nudicornis Timberlake, 1939. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 32: 412. ♀, ♂.

Biology: Linsley, MacSwain and Raven, 1963. Calif. Univ. Pubs. Ent. 33: 19 (floral
relationships).

Dufourea oenotherae Timberlake
South. Calif. Pollen: Unknown, but visits flowers of Camissonia
bistort a.
Dufourea (Halictoides) oenotherae Timberlake, 1939. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 32: 413. ♂.

Dufourea oryx (Viereck)
B. C, Colo., Ariz., N. Mex.

Halictoides (Parahalictoides) oryx Viereck, 1903. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 48. ♂.

Taxonomy: Cockerell, 1916. Ent. News 27: 62. ♀.

Dufourea pectinipes Bohart
Calif. Pollen: Unknown, but visits flowers of Gilia, Mimulus including M.
layneae.
Dufourea pectinipes Bohart, 1948. Ent. Soc Amer., Ann. 41: 126. ♂, ♀.




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Dufourea pulchricornis (Cockerell)
N. Mex., Ariz. Pollen: Oligolege oi Lesquerella, including L. gordonii.
Halictoides pulchricornis Cockerell, 1916. Ent. News 27: 63. ♂, ♀.

Biology: Torchio, Rozen, Bohart and Favreau, 1967. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 75: 142-143 (nest
architecture, provisioning, development, adult activity).

Dufourea rhamni (Michener)
South. Calif. Pollen: Unknown, but visits flowers of Cajiiissonia bistorta,
Cryptontha intermedia, Dendromecon rigida, Eschscholzia califomica, Rhamnus,
Plagiobothrys.
Halictoides rhamni Michener, 1937. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 19: 394. ♂, ♀.

Dufourea sandhouseae
***authority mismatch
arida Bohart. South. Calif. Pollen: Unknown, but visits flowers of Phacelia.
Dufourea sandhouseae arida Bohart, 1949. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 42: 61. ♂, ♀.

Dufourea sandhouseae
***authority mismatch
sandhouseae (Michener). Calif.; Mexico (Baja California). Pollen: Unknown, but
visits a wide variety of flowers including Arenaria douglasii, Agoseris heterophylla,
Calandrinia menziesii, Camissonia bistorta, C. cheiranthifolia, C. clavaefomiis
aura^itiaca, C. parishii, Chaenactis, Coreopsis califomica, Cryptantha intermedia.
Convolvulus occidentalis, Dendromecon rigida, Encelia farinosa, Erodium botrys,
Eschscholzia califomica, Gilia niulticaulis, G. tricolor, Hesperochiron califomicus,
Lasthenia chrysostoma, Layia elegans, L. platyglossa, Lessiiigia, Linanthus aureus,
Lomatium, Malacothrix califomica, Nemophila menziesii, Phacelia, Primus andersonii.
Salvia colu7nbariae, Sisy^nbrium irio, Stenotopsis linearifolius.

Halictoides sandhouseae Michener, 1937. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 19: 328. ♂, ♀.

Dufourea saundersi (Cockerell)
Calif. (Central Valley). Pollen: Unknown, but visits flowers of
Camissonia campestris.

Halictoides saundersi Cockerell, 1898. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 25: 189. ♀, ♂.

Dufourea scabricornis Bohart
Calif., Oreg., Utah. Pollen: Unknown, but visits flowers of Gayophytuni,
Symphoricarpos. Predator: Philanthus pacificus arizonae Dunning, P. pulcher Dalla
Torre.

Dufourea scabricornis Bohart, 1949. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 42: 57. ♂, ♀.

Dufourea scintilla (Cockerell)
South. Calif. Pollen: Presumably an oligolege of Cam issoiiia including C.
bistorta, C. campestris, C. cheiranthifolia, C. contorta, C. dentata, C. micrantha, C.
pallida hallii, C. sierrae, C. veitchiana, but also visits flowers of Clarkia, Cryptantha
intermedia, C. muricata. Coreopsis califomica, Eschscholzia califomica. Euphorbia
albomarginata, Phacelia douglasii, Plagiobothrys, Trifolium variegatum.

Diandrena scintilla Cockerell, 1916. Pomona Jour. Ent. Zool. 8: 50. ♀.

Halictoides eschscholtziae Michener, 1937. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 19: 393. cJ, 9.

Biology: Linsley, MacSwain, Raven and Thorp, 1973. Calif. Univ. Pubs. Ent. 71: 41-42 (floral
relationships).

Dufourea spilura (Cockerell)
Calif. Pollen: Unknown, but visits flowers of Eriogonum nudum,
Gayophytum, Oenothera.
Halictoides spiturus Cockerell, 1925. Calif. Acad. Sci., Proc. (4) 14: 200. ♀.

Dufourea spinifera (Viereck)
Calif., Nev. Pollen: Unknown, but visits flowers of Areyiaria kingii,
Sidalcea apicata, Trifolium monanthum.
Cryptohalictoides spiniferus Viereck, 1904. Ent. News 15: 261. ♂.

Taxonomy: Cockerell, 1925. Calif. Acad. Sci., Proc. (4) 14: 199. 6,9. -Michener, 1937. Ann.
and Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 19: 402. ♀.
subdavirfsoni Bohart. Calif. Pollen: Unknown, but visits flowers of Gayophytum diffusutn.

Dufourea snbdavidsoni Bohart, 1949. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 42: 55. ♂, ♀.

Dufourea tarsata Bohart
Calif. Pollen: Unknown, but visits flowers of Cryptantha, Gilia, Linanthus
parviflorus, Lupinus, Nemophila.
Dufourea tarsata Bohart, 1947. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 40: 698. ♂, ♀.

Dufourea timberlakei Bohart
Calif. (Mt. Pinos).

Dufourea timberlakei Bohart, 1947. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 40: 700. ♂.

Dufourea tinsleyi (Cockerell)
N. Mex.

Halictoides tinsleyi Cockerell, 1898. Canad. Ent. 30: 52. ♀.




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Dufourea trochantera Bohart
Wash., Oreg., Wyo., Utah, Calif. Parasite: Neopasites sp. Pollen: Oligolege
of Phacelia including P. leucophylla, P. pringlei, but also visits flowers of Calochortiis
venustus.
Dufourea trochantera Bohart, 1948. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 41: 121. ♂, ♀.

Biology: Torchio, Rozen, Bohart and Favreau, 1967. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 75: 138-141 (nest
architecture, provisioning, development, adult activity, pollen source, parasite).

Dufourea truncata Timberlake
South. Calif. Pollen: Presumably an oligolege of Camissonia including C.
bistorfa, C. denfata, C. veitcliiana, but also visits flowers of Astragalus, Coreopsis
califoniica, Cryptantha intermedia.
Dufourea (Halictoides) truncata Timberlake, 1939. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 32: 410. ♂, ♀.

Dufourea tularensis Timberlake
Calif. (Three Rivers). Pollen: Unknown, but visits flowers of

Anisocoma acaulis, Eschscholzia califomica, Layia glandulosa, Phacelia distans, P.
■ douglasii.

Dufourea (Halictoides) tularensis Timberlake, 1941. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 34: 41. ♂, ♀.

Dufourea tuolumne Bohart
Calif. Pollen: Unknown, but visits flowers oi Cryptantha, Gilia, Linanthus
filipes, L. monta7ius, Lomatium.
Dufourea tuolumne Bohart, 1947. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 40: 694. ♂, ♀.

Dufourea vanduzeei Bohart
Calif. (Monterey Co.).

Dufourea vanduzeei Bohart, 1947. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 40: 696. ♂.

Dufourea vandykei Bohart
Calif. Pollen: Unknown, but visits flowers oi Sphaeralcea ambigua.

Dufourea vandykei Bohart, 1948. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 41: 124. ♂, ♀.

Dufourea vernalis Timberlake
CaUf. (deserts). Pollen: Evidently polylectic, usually visits flowers of
Eschscholzia including E. minutiflora, E. parishii, but also visits other flowers
including Argemone, Camissonia brevipes, C. clavaefonnis, C. refracta, Malacothrix
glabrata, Meyitzelia involucrata, Phacelia distans.
Dufourea (Halictoides) vernalis Timberlake, 1939. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 32: 400. cJ, 9.

Biology: Linsley, MacSwain and Raven, 1963. Calif. Univ. Pubs. Ent. 33: 19 (floral

relationships).

Dufourea versatilis
***authority mismatch
rubriventris Michener. Calif.; Mexico (Baja California). Pollen: Oligolege of Mimulus
including M. diffusus, M.fremontii, M. gutiatus, M. layneae, M. montioides, M.
moschatus, M. primuloides, M. suksdorfi, but also visits flowers of Gilia, Nemophila.

Mimulapis versatilis nifiventris Timberlake, 1941. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 34: 38. ♀, ♂.
Preocc.

Dufourea (Halictoides) mbriventris Michener, 1951. hi Muesebeck, Krombein, Townes, U.
S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 1133. N. name.

Dufourea versatilis
***authority mismatch
versatilis (Bridwell). South. Cahf. Pollen: Apparently an oUgolege of Mimtdus, but
visits flowers of Gilia achillaefolia, G. splendens.

Mimulapis versatilis Bridwell, 1919. Hawaii. Ent. Soc, Proc 4: 163. c5, 9.

Dufourea virgata (Cockerell)
Calif. Pollen: Collects pollen from flowers of Camissonia boothii, but visits
a wide variety of flowers including Amsinckia, Brodiaea capitata, Caynissonia
campestris. Convolvulus villosus. Coreopsis bigelovii, C. califomica, Cryptantha
intermedia, C. muricata, Descurainia sophia, Encelia califomica, E.farinosa,
Eriophyllum lanatum, Eschscholzia califomica. Euphorbia albomarginata, Gilia
achillaefolia, G. multicaulis, G. tenuifolia, G. tricolor diffusa, Hesperochiron, Layia
elegans, L. glandulosa, Linanthus aureus, Lotus scoparius, Lupinus, Malacothrix,
Nemophila, Phacelia douglasii, Plagiobothrys nothofulvus, Platystemon, Salvia
columbariae, Sfenotopsis linearifolius, Trifolium.

Halictoides virgatus Cockerell, 1898. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 25: 191. ♀, ♂.

Taxonomy: Cockerell, 1902. South. Calif. Acad. Sci., Bui. 1: 140.

Biology: Linsley, MacSwain and Raven, 1963. Calif. Univ. Pubs. Ent. 33: 19 (floral
relationships).

Dufourea viridescens (Crawford)
Calif.

Halictoides viridescens Crawford, 1916. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus 4: 139. ♂.




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Genus MICRALICTOIDES Timberlake

Dufourea subg. Micralictoides Timberlake, 1939. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 32: 397.
Type-species: Halictoides ruficaudus Michener. Orig. desig.

Revision: Bohart, 1942. Pan-Pacific Ent. 18: 119-123.

Micralictoides altadenae (Michener)
South. Calif. Pollen: Unknown, but visits flowers of Chaenactis
glabriuscula, Eriophylhnn confertiflorum.
Halictoides altadenae Michener, 1936. Ann. and Mag. 'Nat. Hist. (10) 19: 395. ♀, ♂.

Micralictoides mojavensis Bohart
South. Calif. Pollen: Unknown, but visits flowers o{ Chaenactis

brachypappa, Gilia multicaulis, Eschscholzia califoniica, Lasthenia gracilis, Layia
platyglossa, Malacothrix califoniica, M. glabrata, Phacelia fremontii. Salvia
columbariae.
Micralictoides mojavensis Bohart, 1942. Pan-Pacific Ent. 18: 120. ♂, ♀.

Micralictoides ruficaudus (Michener)
Calif. Pollen: Apparently an oligolege oi Eschscholzia califoniica, but
also visits flowers of Gilia multicaulis, Neyiiophila menziesii.
Halictoides ruficaudus Michener, 1936. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 19: 397. ♀.

Genus PROTODUFOUREA Timberlake

Protodufourea Timberlake, 1955. Pan-Pacific Ent. 31: 105.

Type-species: Protodufourea wasbaueri Timberlake. Orig. desig.

Revision: Timberlake, 1955. Pan-Pacific Ent. 31: 105-108.

Protodufourea parca Timberlake
Calif. (Riverside Co.). Pollen: Oligolege of Phacelia including P. distans, P.
hispida.
Protodufourea parca Timberlake, 1955. Pan-Pacific Ent. 31: 106. ♂.

Protodufourea wasbaueri Timberlake
Calif. (San Benito Co.). Pollen: Oligolege of Emmenanthe penduliflora.
Protodufourea wasbaueri Timberlake, 1955. Pan-Pacific Ent. 31: 107. ♂, ♀.

Genus CONANTHALICTUS Cockerell

Revision: Timberlake, 1961. Pan-Pacific Ent. 37: 145-160.

Biology: Rozen and McGinley, 1976. Amer. Mus. Novitates 2602: 1-6, 3 figs.

Genus CONANTHALICTUS Subgenus CONANTHALICTUS Cockerell

Halictus subg. Conanthalictus Cockerell, 1901. Ent. News 12: 209.

Type-species: Halictus (Conanthalictus) conanthi Cockerell. Monotypic.

Conanthalictus conanthi (Cockerell)
N. Mex. Pollen: Unknown, but visits flowers of Noma hispidum.

Halictus {Conanthalictus) conanthi Cockerell, 1901. Ent. News 12: 208. ♀.

Conanthalictus cotullensis Crawford
Tex. (Cotulla).

Conanthalictus cotullensis Crawford, 1907. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 16: 182. 9, 6

Genus CONANTHALICTUS Subgenus PHACELIAPIS Michener

Conanthalictus subg. Phaceliapis Michener, 1942. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 50: 277.
Type-species: Co7ianthalictus bakeri Crawford. Orig. desig.
bakeri Crawford. South. Calif. Pollen: Unknown, but visits flowers of Phacelia dista7is, P.
tanacetifolia.
Conanthalictus Bakeri Crawford, 1907. Invertebrata Pacifica 1: 197. ♀.

Conanthalictus caerulescens Timberlake
Calif. (Riverside Co.), Nev. Pollen: Unknown, but visits flowers of
Phacelia crenulata, P. distans.
Conanthalictus caerulescens Timberlake, 1961. Pan-Pacific Ent. 37: 148. ♂, ♀.

Conanthalictus cockerelli Timberlake
Calif. (San Bernardino Co.). Pollen: Unknown, but visits flowers of
Eriodictyon, Phacelia fremontii.
Conanthalictus cockerelli Timberlake, 1961. Pan-Pacific Ent. 37: 155. ♂, ♀.




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Conanthalictus deserticola Timberlake
South. Cahf. (Imperial and Riverside Cos.). Pollen: Unknown, but
visits flowers of Camissonia brevipes, Noma demissiim.
Conanthalictus deserticola Timberlake, 1961. Pan-Pacific Ent. 37: 152. 6. Described under
heading Conanthalictus namatophilus Timberlake, new species which is a printer's
error according to Timberlake in litt.; also see Pan-Pacific Ent. 40: 200, 1964.

Conanthalictus macrops Cockerell
South. Calif. (San Gabriel and San Bernardino Mts.). Pollen: Unknown, but
visits flowers of Malacothrix, Phacelia davidsonii, P. douglasii, Yucca whipplei.
Conanthalictus macrops Cockerell, 1916. Pomona Jour. Ent. Zool. 8: 51. ♂.

Conanthalictus mentzeliae Timberlake
South. Calif. (San Bernardino, Kern, and Inyo Cos.), Nev. Pollen:
Unknown, but visits flowers o{ Malacothrix, Mentzelia affinis, M. albicaulis, M.
micrantha, Phacelia.
Conanthalictus mentzeliae Timberlake, 1961. Pan-Pacific Ent. 37: 156. cJ, 9.

Conanthalictus minor Timberlake
South. Calif. (San Bernardino, Riverside and Inyo Cos.). Pollen: Unknown,
but visits flowers of Camissonia ctavaeformis, Nama deynissum, Phacelia.
Conanthalictus ?>(mor Timberlake, 1961. Pan-Pacific Ent. 37: 151. 6, 9. Described under
heading Conanthalictus deserticola Timberlake, new species which is a printer's error
according to Timberlake in litt.; also see Pan-Pacific Ent. 40: 200, 1964.

Conanthalictus namatophilus Timberlake
South. CaHf. (Imperial, Riverside and San Bernardino Cos.). Pollen:
Unknown, but visits flowers of Caniissonia clavaeformis, Lotus scoparius, Na))ia
demissum, Phacelia zff. fremontii.
Conanthalictus namatophilus Timberlake, 1961. Pan-Pacific Ent. 37: 153. 6, 9. Described
under heading Conanthalictus minor Timberlake, new species which is a printer's error
according to Timberlake in litt.; also see Pan-Pacific Ent. 40: 200, 1964.

Conanthalictus nigricans Timberlake
South. Calif. Pollen: Unknown, but visits flowers of Cryptantha

intermedia, Emmenanthe, Phacelia brachyloba, P. distans, P. douglasii, P. grandiflora,
P. miiior.
Conanthalictus nigricans Timberlake, 1961. Pan-Pacific Ent. 37: 149. ♂, ♀.

Conanthalictus seminiger Michener
South Calif. Pollen: Collects pollen from flowers of Einmenanthe
penduliflora, but also visits flowers of Rhannius crocea.
Co7ia7ithalictus seminiger Michener, 1937. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 10 (19): 326. ♀.

Conanthalictus wilmattae Cockerell
South. Calif. (Colorado Desert). Pollen: Unknown, but visits flowers of
Phacelia distans, Prosopis juliflora.
Conanthalictus wilmattae Cockerell, 1936. Amer. Mus. Novitates 831: 2. ♀.

Genus SPHECODOSOMA Crawford

Sphecodosoma Crawford, 1907. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 15: 182.

Type-species: Sphecodosoma pratti Crawford. Monotypic and orig. desig.

Taxonomy: Timberlake, 1961. Pan-Pacific Ent. 37: 158-160 (as subgenus).

Sphecodosoma dicksoni (Timberlake)
South. Calif., Tex. (Davis Mts); Mexico (Durango). Pollen: Unknown,
but visits flowers of Coldenia, Nama demissum, N. hispidum.
Conanthalicttis dicksoni Timberlake, 1961. Pan-Pacific Ent. 37: 158. ♀.

Sphecodosoma pratti Crawford
Tex. Pollen: Unknown, but visits flowers of Lesquerella.
Sphecodosoma pratti Crawford, 1907. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 15: 183. ♀, ♂.

Genus MICHENERULA Bohart

Michenerula Bohart, 1965. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 58: 320.

Type-species: Michenerula beameri Bohart. Monotypic and orig. desig.

Michenerula beameri Bohart
Tex. (Marathon). Pollen: Unknown, but visits flowers of Nama hispidum.
Michenerula beameri Bohart, 1965. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 58: 320. ♂, ♀.

Genus XERALICTUS Cockerell

Xeralictus Cockerell, 1927. Pan-Pacific Ent. 4: 41.

Type-species: Xeralictus timberlakei Cockerell. Monotypic.

Taxonomy: Eickwort, 1969. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 62: 654 (subfamilial assignment).




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Xeralictus timberlakei Cockerell
Calif. (Colorado Desert). Pollen: Oligolege of Mentzelia involucrata, but
also visits other flowers for nectar including Mohavea confertiflora, Phacelia crenulata,
P. distayis.
Xeralictus timberlakei Cockerell, 1927. Pan-Pacific Ent. 4: 42. ♂.

Subfamily NOMIINAE

Members of this subfamily are especially numerous in the Old World tropics including those of
the Australian Region. They are relatively poorly represented in the Holarctic Region. Only the
widespread genus Nomia is present in the Nearctic Region and apparently all of the species are
polyleges, obtaining their pollen and nectar from the flowers of a wide variety of both native
and introduced plants. However, some of the species (e.g., Nomia nevadensis Cresson and N. tri-
angulifera Vachal) appear to collect pollen only from the flowers of the Compositae. At least one
of the species, the alkali bee (N. melanderi Cockerell), is an exceptionally valuable pollinator of
alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and has been managed successfully in artificial nesting sites so as to
enhance the pollination of this important agricultural crop.

Genus NOMIA Latreille

Genus NOMIA Subgenus NOMIA Latreille

Nomia Latreille, 1804. Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., v. 24, p. 182.

Type-species: Andrena curvipes Fabricius. Monotypic.
Nitocris Rafinesque, 1815. Analyse de la nature, p. 123. Proposed unnecessarily for Nomia
Latreille.

This subgenus is found only in the Old World.

Genus NOMIA Subgenus CURVINOMIA Michener

Nomia subg. Paranomia Friese, 1897. Festschr. fuenfzig. bestehene Ver. Schles.
Insektenk. Breslau, p. 48. Preocc.

Type-species: Nojnia chalybeata Smith. Desig. by Cockerell, 1910.
Nomia subg. Paranoviina Michener, 1944. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 82: 251. N. name.

Preocc.
Nomia subg. Curvinomia Michener, 1944. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 82: 251.

Type-species: Noviia califomiensis Michener. Monotypic and orig. desig. (=Nomia

Nomia tetrazonata Cockerell
).

Revision: Ribble, 1965. Kansas Univ. Sci. Bui. 45: 277-309, figs. (N. Amer. spp.).

Taxonomy: Ribble, 1968. Wyo. Univ. Agr. Expt. Sta., Sci. Monog. 11: 15-18 (tax. notes, geogr.
and floral records).

Nomia angustitibialis Ribble
Southeastern Ariz, to Guerrero, Mex. Pollen: Unknown, but visits

flowers of Baccharis glutinosa, Condalia lycioides, Larrea tridentata, Melilotus alba.
Nomia (Curvinomia) angustitibialis Ribble, 1965. Kansas Univ. Sci. Bui. 45: 292. ♂, ♀.

Nomia fedorensis Cockerell
Southwestern Kans., Okla., Tex., south to Veracruz, Mexico. Pollen:

Unknown, but visits flowers of Cassia, Dalea grisea, Gaillardia, Helianthits, Mimosa,
Rhynchosia americana, Tephrosia virginiana.
Nomia fedorensis Cockerell, 1910. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6: 277. ♀, ♂.

Biology: Cockerell, 1934. Amer. Mus. Novitates 697: 4 (nest).

Nomia foxii Dalla Torre
Colo. (Denver), S. Dak. (Big Stone City). Senior synonym of either Nomia

Nomia universitatis Cockerell
or N. tetrazonata Cockerell, see Hurd and Linsley, 1974. Ent.
Soc. Wash., Proc. 76: 198.
Nomia punctata Fox, 1893. Ent. News, 4: 135. ♀. Preocc.
Nomia foxii Dalla Torre, 1896. Cat. Hym., v. 10, p. 167. N. name.

Taxonomy: Hurd and Linsley, 1974. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 76: 198 (tax. status).

Nomia maneei Cockerell
N. J., N. C. to Fla. west to Okla. and Ala. Parasite: Pseudomethoca

Nomia vanduzeei
***authority mismatch
Bradley. Pollen: Unknown, but visits flowers oi Asclepias tuberosa,




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Desmodium ciliare, Eriogonum baileyi, Galactia, Lespedeza capitata, L. repens,
Phaseolus poiystachios, Strophostyles.
Nomia maneei Cockerell, 1910. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6: 276. ♀.

Taxonomy: Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 508, figs, (redescription).

Nomia mesillensis Cockerell
South. Colo., Utah, Ariz., N. Mex., Tex., south to Jalisco, Mexico. Pollen:
Poly lege of a wide variety of flowers including Aloysia wrightii, Asclepias linaria, A.
subverticillata, Baccharis glutinosa, Cevallia sinuata, Cirsium, Cleome J07iesi, C.
serrulata, Crotalaria puniila, Croton, Crusea subulata, Eriogonum abertianum, E.
annuum, Eysenhardtia polystacha, Gossypium, Guardiola tulocarpa, Gutierrezia
sarothrae, Haplopappus, Helianthus animus, Koeberlinia spinosa, Larrea tridentata,
Lepidium tkurberi, Lotus wrightii, Medicago sativa, Melilotus alba, M. officinalis,
Mentzelia pumila, Nolina, Petalostemon candidum, Psoralea tenuifolia, Solanum
elaeagnifolium, S. rostratum, Verbesina encelioides. Predator: Blepharepiuni secabile
(Walk.), Mallophora bromleyi Curran.
Nojnia mesilleyisis Cockerell, 1908. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 2: 334. ♀.

Taxonomy: Kurd and Linsley, 1974. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 76: 198-199 (tax. status).

Nomia tetrazonata
***authority mismatch
tetrazonata Cockerell. South. Calif, and Nev. to N. Mex. south into Mexico (Baja
California and Sonora). Pollen: Polylege of a wide variety of flowers including Acacia,
Allionia incamata, Antigonon, Asclepias, Astragalus preussii, Baccharis glutinosa, B.
sarothroides, Boerhaavia, Cercidium floridum, C hrysothamnus, Cissus trifoliata,
Cleome, Cleomella loyigipes, Colubrina, Condalia lycioides, Croton californicus,
Cuscuta, Dalea, Enceiia farinosa, Eriogonum fasciculatum, E. heermannii, E.
inflatum, E. yiodosum. Euphorbia, Glycine max, Gossypium, Gutierrezia sarothrae,
Heliotropium curassavicum, Heterotheca subaxillaris, Hymenothrix wislizenii, Hyptis
emoryi, Kallstroemia grandiflora, Larrea tridentata, Lepidium tkurberi, Lotus
scoparius, Medicago sativa, Melaleuca, Melilotus alba, Nolina parryi. Pedis papposa,
Penstemon palmeri, Philbertia heterophylla, Prosopis juliflora, Sapindus saponaria,
Solanum elaeagnifolium, S. rostratmn, Stanleya pinnata, Tamarix gallica, Verbesina
encelioides, Wislizenia refracta, Zea mays.

No7nia tetrazonata Cockerell, 1910. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 38: 297. ♂.

Nomia moctezumae Crawford, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 39: 618. ♀.

Nomia califomiensis Michener, 1937. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 19: 318. ♀.

Nomia tetrazonata
***authority mismatch
uvaldensis Cockerell. N. Mex., Tex.; Mexico. Pollen: Unknown, but visits flowers
of Acacia greggii, Baccharis glutinosa, Cercidium. texanum, Melilotus alba,
Parkinsonia aculeata, Prosopis juliflora, Solanum elaeagnifolium, Teucrium cubense.

Nomia uvaldensis Cockerell, 1930. In Cockerell and Blair, Amer. Mus. Novitates 433: 13.
9.

Nomia zabriskii Cockerell and Blair, 1930. Amer. Mus. Novitates 433: 13. ♂.

Nomia parksi Cockerell, 1934. Amer. Mus. Novitates 697: 7. ♀.

Nomia universitatis Cockerell
N. Dak. to Tex. between Mississippi River and Rocky Mts. Pollen:
Unknown, but visits flowers of Amorpha canescens, Astragahis gracilis, Dalea,
Medicago sativa, Melilotus alba, M. officinalis, Petalostemon purpureum, Psoralea
tenuiflora, Rudbeckia, Symphoricarpos occidentalis. Predator: Diogmites
angustipennis Loew.

Nomia uiiiversitatis Cockerell, 1908. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 2: 334. ♂.

Genus NOMIA Subgenus ACUNOMIA Cockerell

Nomia subg. Acunomia Cockerell, 1930. In Cockerell and Blair, Amer. Mus. Novitates
433: 11.

Type-species: Nomia nortoni Cresson. Orig. desig.

Revision: Ribble, 1965. Kansas Univ. Sci. Bui. 45: 282-283, 309-359, figs. (N. Amer. spp.,
includes summary of biological literature).

Taxonomy: Ribble, 1968. Wyo. Univ. Agr. Expt. Sta., Sci. Monog. 11: 1-15 (alkah bee and
related species, including summary of biological literature).




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Nomia howardi Crawford
South. Utah, south to South. Calif, and southwestern Ariz.; Mexico (Baja
California). Pollen: Polylege of a wide variety of flowers including Acacia greggii, Aster
spinosus, Carthamnus tinctorius, Cucumis nielo, Gossypium, Heliotropium
curassavicum, Isocoma veneta, Lippia lanceolata, Medicago sativa, Melilotus alba,
Phyla nodiflora, Pluchea sericea, Prosopis pubescens, Salix exigua, Tamarix gallica, T.
petandra. Predator: hnparipes americanus (Banks).

Nomia howardi Crawford, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 39: 617. ♀.

Nomia howardi vanduzeei Cockerell, 1924. Calif. Acad. Sci., Proc. (4) 12: 540. ♀.

Nomia califomica peninsularis Cockerell, 1930. In Cockerell and Blair, Amer. Mus.
Novitates 433: 12.

Biology: Linsley, 1946. Jour. Econ. Ent. 6: 18-29 (pollination).

Nomia melanderi Cockerell
Centr. Wash, to South. Calif., east to Wyo. Introduced into S. Dak.

(Brookings and Hecla) and B. C. (Ashcroft and Kamloops). Parasite: Dasymtdilla vesta
(Cress.)?, Euphytomima nomiivora James, Heterostylum robustum 0. S., Nernognatha
sp., Nomada siiavis Cress., Physocephala texana (Will.), Physoconops fronto (Will.),
Pseudomethoca propinqua (Cress.)?, Zodion obliquefasciatuvi (Macq.), Zonitis

Nomia atripennis
***authority mismatch
jlavida LeC. Pollen: Polylege of a wide variety of plants especially the
Leguminosae including alfalfa, but also visits the flowers oi Achillea, Allium, Apiiim
graveolens, Asclepias speciosa, A. subverticillata. Aster, Astragalus, Baccharis emoryi,
Berula erecta. Beta vulgaris, Brassica geniculata, B. incana, Centromadia pungens,
Chrysothamnus nauseosus, Cirsium, Citrullus vulgaris, Cleome lutea, C. serrulata.
Convolvulus arvense. Coreopsis, Crepis glauca, C. runcinata, Cressa cretica, Croton
califomicus, Cuscuta salina, Daucus carota, Dipsacus, Eremocarpus setigenis,
Erigeron, Eriogonum, Eschscholzia califomica, Gossypium, Grindelia, Haplopappus
acradenius, Helianthus, Heliotropium curassavicum, Hemizonia pungens, Lippia
lanceolata, Lotus americanus, L. purshianus, Melilotus alba, M. indica, Mentha spicata,
Phyla lanceolata, Pluchea camphorata, P. sericea, Polygonum lapathifolium, Ribes,
Salsola kali, Sicyos, Sisymbrium altissimum, Solatium elaeagnifolium, S. tuberosum,
Solidago occidentalis, Tamarix gallica, Tribulus terrestris, Trifolium hybridum, T.
pratense, T. repeats, Wisiizenia refracta, Zea mays. Predator: Badgers, blackbirds,
Cicindela haemorrhagica LeC, C. pusillus Say, Efferia straminea (Will.), Formica
fusca Linn., Imparipes americanus (Banks), magpies, meadowlarks, Microtus sp., Mus
musculus Linn., Pogonomyrmex occidentalis (Cress.), robins, skunks, English sparrows,
starlings, weasels.

Nomia melandri Cockerell, 1906. Canad. Ent. 38: 279. 9. Lapsus calami.

Nomia melanderi Cockerell, 1908. Ann. arid Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 2: 334. Emend.

Nomia califomica Cockerell, 1910. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 38: 296. ♀.

Nomia acus Cockerell, 1910. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 38: 296. ♂.

Nomia melanderi paysoni Cockerell, 1925. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) 16: 621. ♂.

Taxonomy: Michener, 1953. Kansas Univ. Sci. Bui. 35: 1031, figs, (larva).

Biology: Stephen and Evans, 1960. Oreg. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 52: 1-39, 5 figs, 2 tables
(life history, parasites, associates). — Frick, 1962. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 55: 5-15 (ecology,
parasite). — Hackwell and Stephen, 1966. Pan-Pacific Ent. 42: 196-200 (eclosion and
duration of larval development). —Kibble, 1968. Wyo. Univ. Agr. Expt. Sta., Sci. Monog.
11: 2-11 (summary of literature). —Cross and Bohart, 1969. Kansas Ent. Soc, Jour. 42:
195-219, 6 figs., 5 tables (phoretic behavior of associated mites). —Telford, Johansen and
Eves, 1972. Mededel. Fakult. Landbouwwetensch. Gent 37: 776-783 (management practices
and insecticide poisoning). —Parker and Potter, 1974. Environ. Ent. 3: 739-743, 5 figs,
(introduction and establishment). — Batra, 1976. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 49: 18-22, 2 tables
(comparative efficiency in alfalfa pollination). —Mayer and Johansen, 1976. Ent. Soc.
Amer., Bui. 22: 423-425 (bibliography).

Nomia nortoni
***authority mismatch
cressoni Westwood. Ariz. (Santa Cruz Co.), south to Puebla, Mexico. Pollen: Unknown,
but visits flowers of Asclepias, Dalea, Eysenhardtia polystacha, Stachys bigelovii.
Nomia Cressoni Westwood, 1875. Ent. Soc. London, Trans., p. 218. ♂.

Nomia nortoni
***authority mismatch
nortoni Cresson. Penn., south to Fla., west to Idaho, Colo, and N. Mex.; Mexico

(Coahuila). Pollen: Polylege of a wide variety of flowers including Amorpha fruticosa,




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Aster, Borreria, Brazoria truncata, Callirhoe leiocarpa, Cassia cinerea, C.fasciculata,
Cirsium altissimum, C. vulgare, Clethra, Coreopsis cardaminefolia, Dalea aurea, D.
multiflora, Desmodium paniculahim, Engelmannia pinnatifida, Eryngiuvi
yuccifoliiim, Euipornoea, Euphorbia marginata, Gaillardia, Gossypium, Grindelia
squarrosa, Helenium autumnale, Helianthus ynaxiviiliani, Ligustriim, Lyciiim
halimifolium, Mamibium vulgare, Medicago sativa, Melilotus alba, Mentha longifolia,
Monarda citriodora, M. puyictata, Oenothera biennis, Petalostemon microphyllum, P.
purpureum, Phacelia, Polygonuyn, Pontederia cordata, Prosopis, Pycnanthemum
flexuosum, P. virginianum, Ratibida columnifera, R. pinnata, Rhus copalina, Solanum
rostratum, S. torryei, Solidago rigida. Verbena officinalis. Yucca glauca.

Nomia nortojii Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 385. ♀, ♂.

Nomia nortoni var. plebeia Cockerell, 1910. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 6: 276. ♀.

Taxonomy: Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 510, figs, (redescription).

Biology: Cockerell, 1934. Amer. Mus. Novitates 697: 7. — Ribble, 1965. Kansas Univ. Sci. Bui.
45: 316-318 (nesting habits, parasites, predators).

Genus NOMIA Subgenus EPINOMIA Ashmead

Epinomia Ashmead, 1899. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 26: 88.

Type-species: Nomia triangulifera Vachal. Monotypic and orig. desig. {=Nomia

Nomia persimilis Cockerell
).

Revision: Cross, 1958. Kansas Univ. Sci. Bui. 38: 1261-1301, 4 figs, (included spp., contains

biological information).

Nomia micheneri Cross
South. Ariz, and Tex., south to Jalisco and Guanajuato, Mexico. Pollen:

Unknown, but males visit flowers of Eysenhardtia polystachya, Guardiola tulocarpa,
Helianthus.

Nomia (Epinomia) micheneri Cross, 1958. Kansas Univ. Sci. Bui. 38: 1273. ♂, ♀.

Nomia nevadensis
***authority mismatch
angelesia Cockerell. Oreg., Calif., Nev.; Mexico (extreme northwest Baja

California). Parasite: Rhipiphoms epinomiae Linsley and MacSwain. Pollen: Polylege of
a wide variety of flowers including Aster spinosa, Brassica incana. Calendula,
Centromadia pungens, Chrysothamnus, Coreopsis lanceolata, Croton californicus,
Erigeron canadense, E. linifolius, Eriogonum fasciculatum, E. gracile, Grindelia
camporum, Gnaphalium beneolens, Gutierrezia califomica, G. sarothrae, Haplopappus
pabneri, H. vemonioides, Helianthus gracilentus, Heterotheca grandiflora,
Lepidospartum squamatum, Lippia filiformis, Lotus americanus, Mamibium vulgare,
Medicago sativa, Melilotus alba. Pedis papposa, Pluchea camphorata, Polygonum
lapathifolium, Senecio douglasii, Solidago occidentaiis, Stephanomeria exigua, S.
virgata, Tamarix gallica, Trichostema, Wislizenia refracta.

Nomia arizonensis angelesia Cockerell, 1910. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 38: 293. ♂.

Taxonomy: Michener, 1953. Kansas Univ. Sci. Bui. 35: 1029, figs, (larva).

Nomia nevadensis
***authority mismatch
arizonensis Cockerell. Utah, Ariz., south. Calif. (Colorado Desert), N. Mex., south
to Jalisco, Mexico. Pollen: Polylege of a wide variety of flowers including Asclepias,
Baccharis glutinosa, Chrysothamnus, Cleome serrulata, Eriogonum, Euphorbia,
Eysenhardtia polystacha, Grindelia squarrosa, Guardiola tulocarpa, Gutierrezia
microcephala, G. sarothrae, Haplopappus acradenius, H. spinulosus, Helianthus,
Hymenothrix wislizeni, Hymenoxys, Lygodesmia juncea, Pedis papposa, Psilostrophe
cooperi, Solanum elaeagnifolium, Sphaeralcea, Verbesina encelioides, Wislize7iia
refracta. Predator: Philanthus ventilabris Fabr.
Nomia arizonensis Cockerell, 1899. Entomologist, 32: 128. ♂.

Biology: Alcock and Gamboa, 1975. Ariz. Acad. Sci. 10: 163 (predator).

Nomia nevadensis
***authority mismatch
bakeri Cockerell. Fla. west to Wyo., Colo., N. Mex.; Mexico (Tamaulipas). Parasite:
Rhipiphorus nomiae Rivnay. Pollen: Polylege of a wide variety of flowers including
Aster, Bidens involucrata, Boltonia asteroides, Chrysopis microcephala. Coreopsis,
Dalea lanata, Grindelia, Haplopappus, Helenium, Heterotheca, Isopappus, Melilotus
alba, Prionopsis, Prosopis, Solidago, Thelesperma gracile, Verbesina encelioides.
Nomia bakeri Cockerell, 1898. Entomologist, 31: 32. ♂.




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Nomia pattoni Cockerell, 1910. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 38: 292. ♀, ♂.
Nomia bakeri var. nifibasis Cockerell, 1930. In Cockerell and Blair, Amer. Mus. Novitates
433: 14.
Taxonomy: Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 512-513, figs, (redescription).

Biology: Hicks, 1926. Colo. Univ., Studies 15: 222. —Cockerell, 1934. Amer. Mus. Novitates
697: 4. — Kerfoot, 1964. Kansas Ent. Soc, Jour. 37: 152-157, 1 fig.

Nomia nevadensis
***authority mismatch
nevadensis Cresson. Nev. (Nye and White Pine Cos.).

Nomia nevadensis Cresson, 1874. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 5: 101. ♀, ♂.

Nomia triangulifera Vachal
N. Dak., Minn, and 111. vk-est to Utah and N. Mex. Parasite: Rhipiphorus
solidaginis (Pierce), Triepeoius mesillae Cockerell. Pollen: Unknown, but visits flowers
oi Bidens involucrata, Cleome semdata, Gilia, Grindelia squarrosa, Helianthus
annuus, H. lenticularis, H. maximiliani, H. petiolaris, Medicago saliva, Polygonum,
Rudbeckia trilobata, Silphium perfoliatum, Solidago, Vemonia.
Nomia triangulifera Vachal, 1897. Misc. Ent. 5: 9. ♂.
Nomia persimilis Cockerell, 1898. Denison Univ. Sci. Labs., Bui. 11: 50, 72. ♀, ♂.

Taxonomy: Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 513-515, figs, (redescription).

Biology: Pierce, 1904. Nebr. Univ., Studies, 4: 181 (habits, parasite). — Rau, 1929. Psyche 36:
243. —Cross and Bohart, 1960. Kansas Univ. Sci. Bui. 41: 761-792.

Genus NOMIA Subgenus DIEUNOMIA Cockerell

Eunomia Cresson, 1875. In Wheeler, Rpt. Geog. Geol. Expl. Survey west of 100th
Meridian, v. 5, p. 722. Preocc.

Type-species: Eunomia marginipennis Cresson. Desig. by Cockerell, 1910.
(=Nomia heteropoda kirbii Smith).
Dieunomia Cockerell, 1899. Entomologist 32: 14. N. name.
Moniad) Howard, 1901. Insect Book, pi. IV, figs. 34, 38.

Revision: Blair, 1935. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 43: 201-214, pi. XVI.

Nomia apacha Cresson
Nebr., Colo., N. Mex., Tex.

Nomiaf apacha Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 386. ♀.

Nomia bolliana
***authority mismatch
bolliana Cockerell. N. Mex., Tex.

Nomia bolliana Cockerell, 1910. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 8 (5): 259. ♀.

Taxonomy: Cockerell, 1910. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 38: 295. ♀, ♂.

Nomia bolliana
***authority mismatch
helenii Cockerell. Tex.

Nomia bolliana helenii Cockerell, 1936. Amer. Mus. Novitates 831: 2. ♀.

Nomia heteropoda
***authority mismatch
heteropoda Say. Man., Minn., Wis., 111., Ind., Ohio south to Md., Ga., Fla. and Miss.
Pollen: Unknown, but visits flowers o{ Bidens bipinnata, Eupatorium, Helenium,
Helianthus.
Nomia? heteropoda Say, 1824. In Keating, Narr. Long's 2nd Exped., v. 2, p. 349. ♂.
A7idrena valida Say, 1837. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 393. ♀.
Nomia heteropoda validescens Blair, 1935. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 43: 206. ♂.
Nomia heteropoda subvalida Blair, 1935. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 43: 206. ♀.

Taxonomy: Cockerell, 1934. Amer. Mus. Novitates 697: 4. —Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt.
Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 507-508, figs, (redescription).

Nomia heteropoda
***authority mismatch
kirbii Smith. Ga. and Fla. west to South. Calif., north to Colo., Nebr., and 111.,

south to Tex. and Mexico; apparently incorrectly recorded from Brazil. Pollen:

Unknown, but visits flowers of Helianthus.
Nomia Kirbii Smith, 1865. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. (3) 2: 398. ♂.
Eunomia marginipennis Cresson, 1875. In Wheeler, Rpt. Geog. Geol. Expl. Survey west

of 100th Meridian, v. 5, p. 722. ♀, ♂.
Nomia heteropoda var. semivalida Cockerell, 1934. Amer. Mus. Novitates 697: 5. ♂.
Nomia heteropoda var. atripennis Cockerell, 1934. Amer. Mus. Novitates 697: 6. ♀, ♂.
Nomia heteropoda semirubra Cockerell, 1934. Amer. Mus. Novitates 697: 6. ♀, ♂.
Nomia heteropoda var. subvalidior Blair, 1935. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 43: 208. ♀.




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Taxonomy: Westwood, 1875. Ent. Soc. London, Trans, p. '217. —Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr.
Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 508 (tax. characters).

Nomia mesillae (Cockerell)
Colo., N. Mex., Tex.

Diennomia mesiUae Cockerell, 1899. Entomologist 32: 266. ♂.

Taxonomy: Cockerell, 1930. Amer. Mus. Novitates 433: 10. ♂, ♀.

Nomia xerophila (Cockerell)
Colo., Utah, N. Mex., Ariz.

Dieunomia xerophila Cockerell, 1899. Entomologist 32: 265. ♂, ♀.

Genus NOMIA Subgenus UNASSIGNED

Nomia tacita Cameron
N. Mex. Probably not Nearctic.

Nomia tacita Cameron, 1902. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 28: 376. ♂.

NoMEN Nudum in Nomia Latreille

Nomia birkmanii Birkman, 1899. Ent. News 23: 244.

Subfamily HALICTINAE

This very large, diverse and nearly cosmopolitan subfamily of bees exhibits both solitary
behavior and nearly every degree of sociality ranging from subsocial through communal, semiso-
cial to eusocial behavior. Most of the species nest in the ground, but some nest in pre-existing
holes in wood and sometimes in rotten or decaying wood.

Although the species of this subfamily are known to visit the flowers of a great variety of
plants for pollen and nectar, some groups of species are oligolectic (e.g., Hemihalictus and
Sphecodogastra). Since much of the floral information recorded in the literature is in need of
critical evaluation, no attempt has been made to list the floral records for the majority of the
species in this subfamily. Partial summaries of the floral records or comments about them may
be found in a number of studies including Mitchell (1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141:
332-506), Moldenke and Neff (1974. Origin and Structure of Ecosystems (IBP) Tech. Rpt. 74-75:
9-135), Ordway (1966. Kansas Univ. Sci. Bui. 46: 509-624), Roberts (1969. Kansas Univ. Sci. Bui.
48: 689-719), and Robertson (1928. Flowers and insects, Carlinville, 111., 221 pp.).

Taxonomy: Eickwort and Fischer, 1963. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 56: 348-354 (hind tibial spurs).
— Eickwort, 1969. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 62: 652-660 (classification and nest architecture).

Biology: Michener, 1958. Ecology 39: 207-217 (distribution of nests in earth banks).
— Michener and Lange, 1958. Science 127: 1046-1047 (primitive social behavior).
—Hamilton, 1964. Jour. Theoret. Biol. 7: 17-52 (genetical evolution). —Michener, 1964. Ins.
Sociaux 11: 317-342 (reproductive efficiency). —Lin, 1964. Ins. Sociaux 11: 187-192
(parasitism as a factor in the evolution of social behavior). — Batra, 1966. Indian Jour. Ent.
28: 375-393. — Knerer and Atwood, 1966. Science 152: 1262-1263 (polymorphism). — Knerer
and Atwood, 1966. Canad. Ent. 98: 1337-1339 (nest architecture and taxonomy). —Knerer
and Atwood, 1967 (1966). Ent. Soc. Ontario, Proc. 97: 103-110 (parasitization). —Knerer
and Plateaux-Quenu, 1966. Acad. Sci. Paris, Compt. Rend. 263: 1622-1625 (cell coverings).
—Knerer and Plateaux-Quenu, 1966. Acad. Sci. Paris, Compt. Rend. 263: 1759-1761
(polymorphism). —Knerer and Plateaux-Quenu, 1966. Acad. Sci. Paris, Compt. Rend. 263:
2014-2017 (polygyny). —Michener, 1966. Animal Behav. 14: 126-129 (worker interaction).

— Knerer and Plateaux-Quenu, 1967. Acad. Sci. Paris, Compt. Rend. 264: 1-3 (Hfe history).
—Knerer and Plateaux-Quenu, 1967. Acad. Sci. Paris, Compt. Rend. 264: 651-653
(production of lining). —Knerer and Plateaux-Quenu, 1967. Acad. Sci. Paris, Compt. Rend.
264: 1096-1099 (male production). —Plateaux-Quenu, 1967. Soc. Ent. France, Ann. (n. s.) 3:
859-866 (social evolution). —Batra, 1968. Kansas Ent. Soc, Jour. 41: 120-133 (behavior in
nests). — Bonelli, 1969. Soc. Ent. Italiana, Bol. 48: 68-78 (social evolution). —Knerer, 1969.
Internatl. Union Study Social Insects VI Congr. Bern, Proc. pp. 101-107 (social structure).

— Knerer, 1969. Science 164: 429-430 (brood care). —Knerer, 1969. Ent. News 80: 141-147
(nest architecture and defense). —Knerer, 1969. Canad. Jour. Zool. 47: 925-930 (synergistic
evolution). —Houston, 1970. Australian Jour. Zool. 18: 345-351 (male soldier caste). —May,
1970. Science 170: 651-652 (brood care). - Batra, 1970. Science 170: 652 (brood care).
—Plateaux-Quenu, 1972. La Biologie des abeilles primitives. Masson et Cie, Paris, 200 pp.




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— Bell and Hawkins, 1974. Jour. Compar. Physiol. 93: 183-193 (intraspecific agonistic
interactions). —Barrows, 1975. Ins. Sociaux 22: 307-332, 12 figs., 2 tables (mating
behavior). —Barrows, 1976. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 49: 105-119, 2 figs., 3 tables (mating
behavior). — Waddington, 1976. Psyche 83: 112-118 (foraging patterns at flowers of
Convolvulus arvensis).

Morphology: Eickwort and Fischer, 1963. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 56: 348-354, 18 figs, (tibial
spurs). — Lello, 1971. Kansas Ent. Soc, Jour. 44: 14-20 (sting apparatus).

Tribe AUGOCHLORINI

Taxonomy: Eickwort, 1969. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 62: 652-653 (classification and nest
architecture). —Eickwort, 1969. Kansas Univ. Sci. Bui. 48: 325-524, 418 figs., 3 tables
(generic classification).

Genus AUGOCHLOROPSIS Cockerell

Genus AUGOCHLOROPSIS Subgenus AUGOCHLOROPSIS Cockerell

Augochlora subg. Augochloropsis Cockerell, 1897. Canad. Ent. 29: 4.

Type-species: Augochlora (Augochloropsis) subignita Cockerell. Grig, desig.
(^Augochlora ignita Smith).

This subgenus is found only south of the United States.

Genus AUGOCHLOROPSIS Subgenus PARAUGOCHLOROPSIS Schrottky

Augochloropsis subg. Parangochloropsis Schrottky, 1906. Ztschr. System. Hym. Dipt. 6:
312.

Type-species: Augochloropsis (Paraugochloropsis) lycorias Schrottky. Monotypic.
Augochlora subg. Tetrachlora Schrottky, 1909. Deut. Ent. Ztschr., p. 481.

Type-species: Halictus niultiplex Vachal. Monotypic.
Paraugochlora Schrottky, 1910. Deut. Ent. Ztschr., p. 540.

Type-species: Augochlora spinolae Cockerell. Orig. desig.
Rivalisia Strand, 1921. Arch. Naturges. Abt. A, 87: 270.

Type-species: Rivalisia metallica Strand. Monotypic.
Augochlora subg. Glyptobasis Moure, 1941. Arq. Zool. Estado Sao Paulo 2: 48. Preocc.

Type-species: Augochlora (Glyptobasis) chloera Moure. Orig. desig.
Glytobasia Moure, 1941. Arq. do Mus. Paranaense 1: 98. N. name.
Augochloropsis subg. Glyptochlora Moure, 1958. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 66: 188. This
subgenus has questionably been placed as a synonym of Paraugochloropsis.

Type-species: Megalopta oruata Smith. Orig. desig.

Taxonomy: Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 463-469 (spp. of United
States). —Eickwort, 1969. Kansas Univ. Sci. Bui. 48: 414-416 (generic synonymy and tax.
characters).

Augochloropsis anonyma (Cockerell)
Coastal Plains, N. C. to Fla. Pollen: Polylege, visiting flowers of

Baccharis, Bidens, Cirsium, Erigeron, Helenium, Hypericum, Ilex, Linaria, Melilotus,
Meiopium, Ocimum, Polygonum, Pycnanthemum, Rhus, Rubus, Trifolium.
Augochlora anonyma Cockerell, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 60: 15. ♂.

Augochloropsis metallica
***authority mismatch
fulgida (Smith). Mich, to New England, south to La. and Fla. Pollen: Polylege,
visiting flowers oi Aronia, Aster, Azalea, Barbarea, Chrysanthemum, Coruus,
Eryngium, Fragaria, Geranium, Hypericum, Ilex, Linaria, Melilotus, Rhus, Rubus,
Solidago, Taxaracum.
Augochlora fulgida Smith, 1853. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus. v. 1, p. 79. ♀.
Augochlora lucidula Smith, 1853. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus. v. 1, p. 81. ♀.

Taxonomy: Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 465 (tax. characters and
status).

Augochloropsis metallica
***authority mismatch
metallica (Fabricius). New England and Ont., south to Fla. and Ariz.; Mexico to

Panama and Colombia (Gorgona Island). Pollen: Polylege, visiting flowers of Apocynum,




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Arabis, Aralia, Aronia, Asclepias, Aster, Bidens, Blephilia, Brassica, Cacalia, Cassia,
Caulophyllum, Ceaiiothus, Celastrus, Cercis, Chrysanthemum, Cicuta, Circaea,
Claytonia, Coreopsis, Conms, Crataegus, Coniuta grandifloria, Cuphea balsamona,
Diospyros, Dodecatheon, Erigenia, Eryngium, Eiipatorium, Fragaria, Geranium,
Gerardia, Gnaphalium, Gonolobus, Haplopappns, Hydrangea, Hydrophyllum,
Hypericum, Ilex, Lepachys, Lippia, Lycopus, Malva, Melilotus, Nepeta, Osmorrhiza,
Parthenium, Petalostemon, Polygonum, Polytaenia, Prunus, Pycnanthemum,
Rhamnus, Rhus, Ribes, Rosa, Rubus, Sagittaria, Salix, Sanicula, Scrophnlaria,
Smilacina, Solidago, Specularia, Smyphoricarpos, Taenidia, Thaspium, Tilia,
Trifolium, Verbascum, Verbena, Veronica, Zanthoxyllum, Zizia. Predator: Philanthus
gibbosus (Fabr.), P. solivagus Say.

Andrena metallica Fabricius, 1793. Ent. syst. 2: 309. ♀.

Augochlora cuprea Smith, 1853. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 79. ♀.

Augochlora viridula Smith, 1853. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 81. ♂.

Augochlora fervida Smith, 1853. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 81. ♂.

Augochlora cleomis Titus, 1901. Canad. Ent. 33: 135. ♀, ♂.

Halictus (Augochlora) chorisis Vachal, 1903. Misc. Ent. 11: 136. ♀.

Halictus (Augochlora) viridissimus Viereck, 1910. In Smith, N. J. State Mus., Ann. Rpt.
1909: 688. N. name; proposed to replace viridula Smith, preoccupied in Halictus.

Augochlora fulvofimbriata Friese, 1916. Stettin. Ent. Ztg. 77: 315. ♀.

Taxonomy: Michener, 1954. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 104: 88-90 (redescription, as

fulvofimbriata). —Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 465-466, fig. 110

(tax. characters, synonymy). —Moure, 1960. Studia Ent. 3: 102-103 (notes on type,

synonymy).

Augochloropsis sumptuosa (Smith)
Maine to Fla., west to S. Dak., Colo., Ariz., and Tex. Pollen: Polylege,
visiting flowers of Asclepias, Berla^idiera, Bidens, Clethra, Crataegus, Eriogonum,
Eryngium, Helianthus, Hypericum, Melilotus, Silphiu7n, Stachys, Vacciniuni.

Augochlora su^nptuosa Smith, 1853. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., vol. 1, p. 82. ♀.

Augochlora humeralis Patton, 1879. U. S. Geol. Geog. Survey, Bui. 5: 365. ♀, ♂.

Agapostemon caeruleus Ashmead, 1890. Colo. Biol. Assoc, Bui. 1: 7. ♀.

Halictus pattoni Vachal, 1903. Misc. Ent. 11: 132. N. name. Preocc.

Augochlora sumptuosa bolliana Cockerell, 1909. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 4: 31. ♀.

Augochlora lacustris Cockerell, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proe. 60 (18): 14. ♀.

Augochlora floridica Cockerell, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 60 (18): 14. ♂.

Taxonomy: Mitchell, I960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 466-467, 469, figs. 110, 111
(redescription, synonymy).

Biology: Smith, 1898. Ent. News 9: 157, 320. -Smith, 1901. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 9: 52.
—Michener and Lange, 1959. Amer. Mus. Novitates 1924: 36.

Genus AUGOCHLORA Smith

Genus AUGOCHLORA Subgenus AUGOCHLORA Smith

Augochlora Smith, 1853. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 73.

Type-species: Halictus purus Say. Desig. by Cockerell, 1923.
Oxystoglossa Smith, 1853. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 83.

Type-species: Oxystoglossa decorata Smith. Monotypic.
Odontochlora Schrottky, 1909. La Plata Mus., Rev. 16: 14.

Type-species: Augochlora muelleri Cockerell. Grig, desig.

The species of this subgenus nest in dead wood either in pre-existing burrows of other insects
or in soft rotting wood.

Taxonomy: Michener, 1954. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 104: 59 (generic status). —Mitchell,
1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 456-458 (spp. of eastern U. S.). — Eickwort,
1969. Kansas Univ. Sci. Bui. 48: 420-422 (tax. characters).

Biology: Eickwort and Eickwort, 1973. Kansas Ent. Soc, Jour. 46: 17-22, figs, (nests).




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Augochlora azteca (Vachal)
South. Tex.; Mexico.

Halictus (Oxystoglossa) azteca Vachal, 1911. Misc. Ent. 19: 45, 110. ♀.

Augochlora nigrocyanea Cockerell
South. Tex.; Mexico to Panama.

Augochlora nigrocyanea Cockerell, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 144. ♀.

Augochlora pura
***authority mismatch
mosieri Cockerell. South. Fla. Pollen: Polylege, visiting flowers of Bidens, Cattleya,
Flaveria, Hanielia, Melaleuca, Psycliotrea, Salix, Sida.

Augochlora mosieri Cockerell, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 60: 15. ♀.

Augochlora pura
***authority mismatch
pura (Say). Que. and Maine to Minn., south to Tex. and Fla. Parasite: Rhipiphorus

sclnvarzi LeC, R. stylopoides Newm.? Pollen: Polylege, visits a wide variety of flowers
including Acer, Agastache, Althaea, Amelanchier, Arabis, Aruncus, Asclepias, Aster,
Barbarea, Bidens, Blephilia, Cacalia, Caulophyllum, Cercis, Chaerophyllum, Ciciita,
Coreopsis, Conius, Cryptotaenia, Diospyros, Dirca, Evonymus, Fragaria, Geranium,
Gerardia, Haplopappus, Heliopsis, Helianthus, Houstonia, Hydrangea, Ilex, Lippia,
Ludwigia, Mains, Malva, Melilotus, Osmorrhiza, Padus, Polemonium, Polygonum,
Prunus, Ranunculus, Rhamnus, Rhus, Rudbeckia, Rubus, Salix, Smilacina, Solidago,
Smyphoricarpos, Taenidia, Teucrium, Thaspium, Tradescantia, Vaccinium, Verbena,
Verbesina, Vemonia, Vitis, Zizia. Predator: Philanthus gibbosus (Fabr.), P. lepidus
Cress., P. solivagus Say.

Halictus purus Say, 1837. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 395. ♀, ♂.

Augochlora festiva Smith, 1853. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 80. ♀.

Augochlora Robertsoni Cockerell, 1897. Canad. Ent. 29: 69. ♀.

Augochlora Banksiella Cockerell, 1907. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 19: 533. ♀.

Halictus astios Vachal, 1911. Misc. Ent. 19: 44. ♀.

Halictus astios xar-C!) fuscatipes Vachal, 1911. Misc. Ent. 19: 45. ♀.

Halictus asaphes Vachal, 1911. Misc. Ent. 19: 49. ♀.

Augochlora palmarum Cockerell, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mas., Proc. 60 (18): 15. ♀, ♂.

Taxonomy: Michener, 1953. Kansas Univ. Sci. Bui. 35: 1028, figs. 57-59, 64 (larva).

Biology: Rau, 1922. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 24 (7): 32. — Blackman and Stage, 1924. N. Y.
State Col. Forestry, Syracuse Univ. Tech. Pub. 17: 197. —Rau, 1934. Acad. Sci. St. Louis,
Trans. 28: 223. — Stockhammer, 1961. North Central Branch, Ent. Soc. Amer., Proc. 16:
17-18. —Stockhammer, 1966. Kansas Ent. Soc, Jour. 39: 157-192 (nesting habits, life cycle).
—May and Stockhammer, 1968. Kansas Ent. Soc, Jour. 41: 339-341, 1 fig. (induced nesting
in cellulose powder). —May, 1972. Kansas Ent. Soc, Jour. 45: 439-449, 4 figs, (water uptake
during larval development). —Barrows, 1973. Kansas Ent. Soc, Jour. 46: 496-499 (induced
soil nesting). —May, 1973. Kansas Ent. Soc, Jour. 46: 301-310, 6 tables (brood cell
recognition). —Barrows, 1974. Fla. Entomologist 57: 189-193 (aggregation behavior).
—May, 1974. Kansas Ent. Soc, Jour. 47: 504-516, 5 figs, (nature and origin of brood cell
linings).

Genus AUGOCHLORA Subgenus OXYSTOGLOSSELLA Eickwort

Augochlora subg. Oxystoglossella Eickwort, 1969. Kansas Univ. Sci. Bui. 48: 422.

Type-species: Augochlora (Oxystoglossella) cordiaefloris Cockerell. Grig, desig.

All the members of this subgenus which have been studied have been found to construct their
nests in the ground.

Taxonomy: Eickwort, 1969. Kansas Univ. Sci. Bui. 48: 422-423.

Biology: Eickwort and Eickwort, 1972. Kansas Ent. Soc, Jour. 45: 18-45 (life history, larva,
pupa).

Augochlora aztecula Cockerell
South. Tex.; Mexico.

Augochlora aztecula Cockerell, 1907. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 19: 534. ♀.

Genus AUGOCHLORA Subgenus UNKNOWN

Augochlora obliqua Provancher
B. C. (Vancouver).

Augochlora obliqua Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada, Hym., p. 318. ♀.




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Genus AUGOCHLORELLA Sandhouse

Augochlorella Sandhouse, 1937. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 27: 66.

Type-species: Augochlora gratiosa Smith. Orig. desig.
Oxystoglossidia Moure, 1943. Rev. Ent. 14: 473.

Type-species: Oxystoglossidia uranieUa Moure. Orig. desig.

Revision: Ordway, 1966. Kansas Univ. Sci. Bui. 509-624, 92 figs., 3 tables (spp. north of
Mexico). — Eickwort, 1969. Kansas Univ. Sci. Bui. 48: 424-426 (generic classification).

Biology: Ordway, 1961. North Central Branch, Ent. Soc. Amer., Proc. 16: 17. —Ordway, 1964.
Kansas Ent. Soc, Jour. 37: 139-152. (parasite). —Eickwort, 1966. Kansas Ent. Soc, Jour.
39: 410-429. (phoretic mite).

Augochlorella aurata (Smith)
N. C, Ga., Fla., Ala., Tex.; Mexico. Pollen: Polylege, visiting flowers of .Aster,
Cirsium, Citrus, Crataegus, Lythrum, Opuntia, Polygonum, Rubus, Viburnum.

Augochlora aurata Smith, 1853. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 82. ♀.

Augochlora austrina Robertson, 1893. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 20: 147. ♀.

Augochlorella bracteata Ordway
Northeast. Tex., south into eastern Mexico (Hidalgo).

Augochlorella bracteata Ordway, 1966. Kansas Univ. Sci. Bui. 46: 570. ♀, ♂.

Augochlorella gratiosa (Smith)
N. J. and D. C, south to Fla., east to Tex. Pollen: Polylege, visiting flowers
of Aster, Ampelopsis, Asclepias, Berteroa, Bidens, Callicarpa, Cassia, Chrysobalanus,
Chrysopsis, Cirsiu^n, Citrus, Clethra, Crataegus, Crotonopsis, Cunila, Erigeron,
Eryngium, Galactia, Gerardia, Gossypium, Helianthus, Hypericum, Ilex, Ixora,
Jacquemontia, Lepidium, Malva, Melilotus, Oenothera, Opuntia, Piriqueta, Polygala,
Polygonum, Pterocaulon, Pycnothymus, Rhus, Rubiis, Sabal, Senecio, Solidago,
Taraxacum, Teucrium, Vaccinium, Verbena, Warea.

Augochlora gratiosa Smith, 1853. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 80. ♀.

Augochlorella neglectula
***authority mismatch
neglectula (Cockerell). Ariz., N. Mex., Tex., south to Panama. Pollen: Polylege,

visiting flowers oi Acacia, Aesculus, Baccharis, Ceanothus, Chilopsis, Chrysanthemum,,
Chrysopsis, Dalea, Descurainia, Echinocactus, Erigeron, Eschscholzia, Fendlera,
Gaillardia, Gossypium, Gutierrezia, Helenium, Heterotheca, Lepidium, Manzanita,
Melilotus, Opuntia, Penstemon, Prunus, Pyrus, Rosa, Senecio, Sida, Sisymbriuyn,
Sphaeralcea, Ungnadia. The subspecies Augochlorella neglectula maritiyna Ordway
occurs in the sand dunes along the west coast of Mexico.

Augochlora neglectula Cockerell, 1897. N. Mex. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bui. 24: 43. ♀, ♂.

Augochlora dimissa Cockerell, 1923. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 63: 5. ♀.

Augochlorella persimilis (Viereck)
Pa., west to Minn., south to Ga., Ala., La., and Tex. Parasite:

Myrmilloides grandiceps (Blake), Pseudomethoca frigida (Sm.), Sphecodes pimpiyiellae
Robt. Pollen: Polylege, visits a great variety of flowers including Achillea, Agastache,
Ailanthus, Alisma, Althaea, Anunannia, Amorpha, Antennaria, Anthemis, Aphanes,
Apocynum, Arabis, Asclepias, Asparagus, Aster, Barbarea, Bideyis, Blephilia, Borago,
Brassica, Callirhoe, Camassia, Campanula, Capsella, Cardamine, Cassia, Ceanothus,
Celastrus, Cerastium, Chrysanthemum, Chrysopsis, Cichorium, Cirsium, Citrullus,
Claytonia, Convolvulus, Coreopsis, Comus, Cotoneaster, Crataegus, Cucurbita, Daucus,
Descurainia, Diospyros, Echinacea, Erigeron, Erysimum, Eupatorium, Euphorbia,
Fragaria, Geranium, Geum, Gnaphalium, Gutierrezia, Hedeoma, Helenium, Helianthus,
Heiiopsis, Heterotheca, Heuchera, Houstonia, Hypoxis, Ipomoea, Justicia, Kolkwitzia,
Krigia, Lepidium, Lespedeza, Lippia, Lobelia, Lotus, Ludwigia, Lycopus, Malva,
Medicago, Melilotus, Monarda, Nepeta, Nothoscordum, Oenothera, Oxalis, Paeonia,
Parosela, Parthenium, Passiflora, Pastinaca, Petalostemon, Phacelia, Plantago,
Polemonium, Polygonum, Polytaenia, Potentilla, Prunus, Psoralea, Pycnanthemum,
Ranunculus, Raphanus, Rhus, Rorippa, Rosa, Rubus, Rudbeckia, Sabatia, Sagittaria,
Salix, Salvia, Senecio, Sida, Silphium, Sisyrinchiu7n, Smilacina, Synilax, Solidago,
Specularia, Stellaria, Symphoricarpos, Taenidia, Taraxacum, Thaspium, Tradescantia,
Trifolium, Valerianella, Verbena, Verbesina, Vemonia, Veronica, Viburnum,
Zigadenus, Zizia. Predator: Philanthus bilunatus Cress., P. gibbosus (Fabr.), P.
lepidus Cress., P. politus politus Say, P. soiivagus Say.

Augochlora similis Robertson, 1893. Amer. Ent. Soc. Trans. 20: 146. 9.6. Preocc.




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Halictus (Oxystoglossa) persimilis Viereck, 1910. In Smith, N. J. State Mus., Ann. Rpt.

1909: 688. N. name.
Halictus xystris Vachal, 1911. Misc. Ent. 19: 50. ♀.

Biology: Pearson, 1933. Ecol. Monog. 3: 386, 396 (as Oxystoglossa similis). — Ordway, 1965.

Insectes Sociaux 12: 291-308 (caste differentiation). — Eickwort, 1966. Kansas Ent. Soc,

Jour. 39: 410-429 (phoretic mite). —Ordway, 1966. Kansas Ent. Soc, Jour. 39: 270-313

(bionomics).

Augochlorella pomoniella (Cockerell)
Calif., Nev., Utah, Ariz. N. Mex. (Willow Creek); Mexico (Baja

California, south along west coast to Chiapas and Yucatan), Guatemala and Costa Rica.
Ecology: Nests in abandoned cells of Sceliphron. Pollen: Polylege, visits a great variety
of flowers including Acacia, Achillea, Agoseris, Arctostaphylos, Arenaria, Argemone,
Asclepias, Aster, Astraglus, Baccharis, Baileya, Bebbia, Brassica, Brodiaea,
Calandrinia, Calochortiis, Camegiea, Centaurea, Cercidium, Chaenactis, Chrysopsis,
Chrysothamnus, Cirsium, Cissus, Clarkia, Cleome, Convolvulus, Coreopsis,
Corethrogyne, Croton, Cryptantha, Dalea, Datura, Diplacus, Encelia, Enceliopsis,
Eremocarpus, Eriastrum, Eriodictyon, Eriogonum, Eriophyllum, Erodium, Eryngium,
Eschscholzia, Eucnide, Fendlerella, Gazania, Gilia, Gnaphalium, Gossypium,
Grossularia, Gutieyrezia, Haplopappus, Helianthus, Heliotropium, Hemizonia,
Heterotheca, Hymenothrix, Isomeris, Kallstroemia, Lantana, Layia, Lessingia,
Lomatium, Lotus, Malacothamnus, Marrubium, Melilotus, Mentha, Mirabilis,
Monardella, Oenothera, Opuntia, Osmoronia, Penstemon, Perideridia, Petalonyx,
Peucephyllum, Phacelia, Platystemon, Ranunculus, Raphanus, Rhus, Salix, Salvia,
Sanicula, Scrophularia, Senecio, Sisymbrium, Sisyrinchium, Solanum, Solidago,
Sphaeralcea, Stanleya, Stephanomeria, Tamarix, Trichostema, Wyethia Zauschneria.

Augochlora pomoniella Cockerell, 1915. Pomona Jour. Ent. Zool. 7: 232. ♀.

Augochlora utahensis Michener, 1937. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 19: 314. ♀.

Augochlorella striata (Provancher)
Southern Canada to south. Fla., west to Rocky Mountains. Parasite:

Myrmilloides grandiceps (Blake), Pseudomethoca frigida (Sm.); Sphecodes pimpinellae
Robt. Pollen: Polylege, visits a great variety of flowers including Achillea, Aesculus,
Agastache, Agoseris, Althaea, Amelanchier, Amorpha, Anemone, Anemonella,
Antennaria, Apocynum, Aquilegia, Arabis, Aralia, Argemone, Aruncus, Asclepias,
Aster, Astragalus, Barbarea, Berteroa, Bidens, Brassica, Callirhoe, Calopogon,
Camassia, Camelina, Campanula, Capsella, Cardamine, Carduus, Cassia,
Caulophylhim, Ceanothiis, Celastrus, Centaurea, Cephalanthus Cercis, Chaerophyllum,
Chrysanthemum, Chrysopsis, Cichorium, Cicuta, Circaea, Cirsium, Citrullus,
Claytonia, Clethra, Convolvulus, Coreopsis, Comus, Crataegus, Cryptantha,
Cryptotaenia, Cubelium, Cucumis, Cucurbita, Cunila, Daucus, Dentaria, Diervilla,
Dodacatheon, Echinacea, Echium, Ellisia, Erigenia, Erigeron, Erysimum, Evonymus,
Eupatorium, Euphorbia, Fragaria, Gaillardia, Geranium, Gerardia, Glechoma,
Gnaphalium, Gossypium, Grindelia, Gutierrezia, Haplopappus, Hedeonia, Heiraciuin,
Helenium, Helianthus, Heliopsis, Heracleum, Heterotheca, Heuchera, Houstonia,
Hybanthus, Hydrangea, Hydrocotyle, Hydrolea, Hydrophyllum, Hypericum, Impatiens,
Inula, Ipomoea, Iris, Isopyrum, Kolkwitzia, Krigia, Lactu,ca, Lathy nis, Lepidium,
Lespedeza, Lesquerella, Linum, Lippia, Lobelia, Lomatium, Lonicera, Lotus,
Lycopersicum, Lycopus, Lythrum, Malus, Malva, Medicago, Melilotus, Mentha,
Mertensia, Mikania, Monarda, Myosoton, Nigella, Nothoscordurn, Oenothera,
Onopordum, Opuntia, Osmorrhiza, Oxalis, Paeonia, Parthenium, Parthenocissus,
Paspalum, Pastinaca, Penstemon, Perideridia, Petalostemon, Phryma, Physalis,
Polemonium, Polygonatum, Polygonum, Polymnia, Polytaenia, Pontederia, Potentilh,
Prenanthes, Prunella, Prunus, Psoralea, Ptelea, Pteridium, Pycnanthemum,
Pyrrhopappus, Pyrus, Ranunculus, Ratibida, Rhamnus, Rhus, Ribes, Rorippa, Rosa,
Rubus, Rudbeckia, Sagittaria, Salix, Salvia, Sanicula, Sapindus, Satureja,
Scrophularia, Scutellaria, Sedum, Senecio, Sericocarpus, Sida, Silphium, Sisymbrium,
Sisyriiichium, Smilacina, Smilax, Solanum, Solidago, Sonchus, Specularia,
Sphaeralcea, Spiraea, Stellaria, Stokesia, Strophostyles, Symphoricarpos, Syringa,
Taenidia, Tanacetujn, Taraxacum, Teucrium, Thaspium, Tradescantia, Tragopogon,
Trifolium, Trillium, Triosteum, Vaccinium, Verbascum, Verbena, Verno7iia, Viburnum,



1952 Hyitienoptera in America North of Mexico

Vicia, Viola, Vitis, Waldsteinia, Xanthoxylum, Zizia. Predator: Philantlius bilimatus
Cress., P. gibbosus (Fabr.), P. lepidus Cress., P. politiis politus Say, P. solivagus Say.

Augochlora striata Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada, Hym., p. 317. ♀, ♂.

Angocblora matilida Robertson, 1893. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 20: 147. ♀.

Augochlora confusa Robertson, 1897. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 7: 324. 9,8.

Augochlora Coloradeiisis Titus, 1901. Canad. Ent. 33: 133. ♀, ♂.

Augochlora pseudopurella Strand, 1914. Arch. Naturgesch. 80 (Abt. A, Heft 1): 163.

Biology: Rau, 1922. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 24: 32 (as covfusus). —Hicks, 1931. Canad.
Ent. 63: 176 (as coloradensis). —Evans and Lin, 1959. Wasmann Jour. Biol. 17: 120, 123,
127, 131 (as aurata and striata). — Michener and Wille, 1961. Kansas Univ. Sci. Bui. 42:
1130. — Knerer and Atwood, 1962. Ent. Soc. Ontario, Proc. 92: 174. — Ordway, 1964. Kansas
Ent. Soc, Jour. 37: 139-152. (parasite). —Evans, 1964. Psyche 71: 142, 147. —Michener,
1964. Amer. Zool. 4: 233. (nests). -Ordway, 1965. Ins. Sociaux 12: 291-308 (caste
differentiation). —Ordway, 1966. Kansas Ent. Soc, Jour. 39: 270-313 (bionomics).
— Eickwort, 1966. Kansas Ent. Soc, Jour. 39: 410-429 (phoretic mite).

Genus PSEUDAUGOCHLOROPSIS Schrottky

Augochloropsis subg. Pseudaugochloropsis Schrottky, 1906. Ztschr. System. Hym. Dipt. 6:
313.

Type-species: Halictus nigromarginatus Spinola. Desig. by Schrottky, 1909.
Caenaxigochlora subg. Pseudaugochlora Michener, 1954. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 104:
77.

Type-species: Halictus nigromarginatus Spinola. Orig. desig.

Taxonomy: Eickwort, 1969. Kansas Univ. Sci. Bui. 48: 429-432 (generic classification).

Biology: Michener and Kerfoot, 1967. Kansas Ent. Soc, Jour. 40: 214-232 (nests, social
behavior).

Pseudaugochloropsis graminea (Fabricius)
Tex. to Argentina; West Indies. Pollen: Possibly restricted to the pollen
of Solanum (including S. wendlandii) and Cassia.
Megilla graminea Fabricius, 1804. Syst. Piez., p. 334.

Halictus nigromarginatus Spinola, 1841. Soc. Ent. France, Ann. 10: 137. ♀.
Augochlora camure Holmberg, 1884. Soc. Cient. Argentina, An. 18: 213. ♀.
/Augochlora chapadae Cockerell, 1900. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc, p. 361, 375.

Taxonomy: Moure, 1960. Studia Ent. 3: 105-106 (synonymy, notes on type). —Eickwort, 1967.
Kansas Ent. Soc, Jour. 40: 232-237 (tax. characters and status).

Biology: Michener and Kerfoot, 1967. Kansas Ent. Soc, Jour. 40: 214-232 (nests, sex ratio,
social behavior).

Genus TEMNOSOMA Smith

Temnosoma Smith, 1853. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 238.

Type-species: Temnosoma metallicum Smith. Monotypic
Micro ugochlora Schrottky, 1909. Rev. Mus. La Plata, 16: 138.

Type-species: Micraugochlora sphaerocephala Schrottky. Monotypic.
Temnosoma subg. Temnosomula Ogloblin, 1953. Soc. Ent. Argentina, Bol. 2: 2.

Type-species: Ternnosoma {Temnosomula) platensis Ogloblin. Monotypic and orig.
desig.
Taxonomy: Eickwort, 1969. Kansas Univ. Sci. Bui. 48: 446-448 (generic classification).

Temnosoma smaragdinum Smith
Ariz. (Tucson); Mexico, Centr. Amer.

Temnosoma smaragdinum Smith, 1879. Descr. New Species Hym. Brit. Mus., p. 29. ♂.

Tribe HALICTINI

Taxonomy: Eickwort, 1969. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 62: 654-656 (classification and nest
architecture).



Superfamily APOIDEA 1953

Genus AGAPOSTEMON Guerin-Meneviile

Andrena subg. Agapostenion Guerin-Meneviile, 1844. Iconogr. Regne Anim., Ins., v. 3, p.
448.

Type-species: Apis femomlis Guerin-Meneviile. Monotypic. {=Apis viridula
Fabricius).

The bees of this genus are known to visit a great variety of flowers for nectar and pollen.
Since the data pertaining to the floral visitations of these bees are conveniently available (see
discussion of the subfamily Halictinae), this information is not repeated here or presented in the
species treated below.

Revision: Roberts, 1972. Kansas Univ. Sci. Bui. 49: 437-590, 228 figs, (included spp.).

Taxonomy: Roberts, 1973. Oreg. State Univ. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 125: 1-23 (northwest.
Amer. spp.).

Biology: Roberts, 1969. Kansas Univ. Sci. Bui. 48: 689-719, 21 figs, (natural history).

Species Group Splendens

Agapostemon angelicus Cockerell
N. Dak., Colo, and Iowa, south to Tex., N. Mex., Ariz, and south. Calif.;
Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango and Sonora). Predator: Philanthus albopilosus Cress.
Agapostemon angel icus Cockerell, 1924. Calif. Acad. Sci., Proc. (4) 12: 537. ♀.

Biology: Linsley, 1962. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 55: 159, fig. 5 (sleep). —Evans, 1975. Ent. Soc.
Amer., Ann. 68: 891 (predator).

Agapostemon texanus Cresson
Transcont. south. Canada and U. S., south to centr. Costa Rica. Predator:
Philanthus crabroniformis Smith.
Agapostemon texanus Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 255. ♀.
Agapostemion texanus subtilior Cockerell, 1898. Ent. News 9: 27. 9 ?
Agapostemon borealis Crawford, 1901. Nebr. Acad. Sci., Proc. 7: 160. ♀.
Agapostemon califomicus Crawford, 1901. Nebr. Acad. Sci., Proc. 7: 164. ♀.
Halictus (Agapostemon) brachycerus Vachal, 1903. Misc. Ent. 11: 101. ♂.
Agapostemon texanus iowensis Cockerell, 1910. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 5: 363. ♀.
Agapostemon proscriptus Cockerell, 1912. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 10: 24. ♀.
Agapostemon joseanus Friese, 1916. Stettin. Ent. Ztg. 77: 310. ♀.
Agapostemon sulfuripes Friese, 1916. Stettin. Ent. Ztg. 77: 310. ♂.
Agapostemon cyanozonus Cockerell, 1924. Calif. Acad. Sci., Proc. (4) 12: 539. ♂.
Agapostemon proscriptellus Cockerell, 1924. Calif. Acad. Sci., Proc. (4) 12: 538. ♀.
Agapostemon texanus vandykei Cockerell, 1925. Calif. Acad. Sci., Proc. (4) 14: 191. ♀.
Agapostenion califomicus psavunobius Cockerell, 1937. Pan-Pacific Ent. 13: 150. ♂, ♀.
Agapostemon angelicus idahoensis Michener, 1937. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 19: 314.

9.
Agapostemon califomicus clementinus Cockerell, 1939. Calif. Acad. Sci., Proc. (4) 23: 431.

9, 6.

Agapostemon splendens (Lepeletier)
Ont. and Maine to Sask., south to Fla., Ala., Miss., La., Tex., N. Mex.,
Ariz.; Mexico (Gulf coast to Veracruz).
Halictus splendens Lepeletier, 1841. Hist. Nat. Ins., Hym., v. 2, p. 283. ♀.
Agapostemon aemginosus Smith, 1853. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 86. ♀.

Biology: Stevens, 1921. Canad. Ent. 53: 68.

Species Group Sericeus

Agapostemon cockerelli Crawford
Wyo. Colo., Tex., N. Mex., Ariz.; Mexico.

Agapostemon Cockerelli Crawford, 1901. Nebr. Acad. Sci., Proc. 7: 161. ♀.

Agapostemon femoratus Crawford
B. C, Alta., N. Dak., south to N. Mex., Ariz., Nev., Calif., Mexico (Baja
California).
Agapostemon femoratus Crawford, 1901. Nebr. Acad. Sci., Proc. 7: 162. ♂, ♀.

Agapostemon sericeus (Forster)
Ont., Maine to Fla., west to N. Dak., south to Tex. Predator: Philanthus
sanbornii Cress.
Apis sericea Forster, 1771. Novae Species Insectorum, Centuria vol. I, p. 91. ♂.
Halictus radiatus Say, 1837. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 394. ♀.




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Agapostemon pulchra Smith, 1853. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus. v. 1, p. 87. ♀.
Agapostemon sulcatiilus Cockerell, 1909. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 4: 25. ♂.

Taxonomy: van der Vecht, 1959. Ent. Ber. 19: 69 (tax. status). —Roberts, 1972. Kansas Univ.
Sci. Bui. 49: 554 (tax. status). —Day and Fitton, 1977. Biol. Jour. Linn. Soc. 9: 39. 6 (tax.
status of type, synonymy).

Biology: Rau, 1934. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 28: 219.

Species Group Virescens

Agapostemon coloradinus Crawford
S. Dak., Nebr., Kans., Okla., Tex., N. Mex., Colo., Wyo., Utah.

Agapostemon coloradensis Crawford, 1901. Nebr. Acad. Sci., Proc. 7: 163. ♀. Preocc.
through secondary homonymy prior to 196 L

Halictus Coloradinus Vachal, 1903. Misc. Ent. 11: 90. N. name.

Agapostemon tyleri Cockerell
Ariz., N. Mex., Tex.; Mexico.

Agapostemon tyleri Cockerell, 1917. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 20: 241. ♀, ♂.

Agapostemon martini Cockerell, 1927. Pan-Pacific Ent. 3: 153. 9 (.6 misdet.).

Agapostemon virescens (Fabricius)
Ont. and Maine to Fla., west to B. C, Wash, and Oreg. Predator:
Philanthus gibbosus (Fabr.), P. solivagus Say.

Andrena virescens Fabricius, 1775. Systema Ent., p. 378. ♀.

Andrena nigricornis Fabricius, 1793. Ent. System., v. 2, p. 313. ♂.

Halictus dimidiatus Lepeletier, 1841. Hist. Nat. Ins., Hym. v. 2, p. 283. ♀.

Halictus tricolor Lepeletier, 1841. Hist. Nat. Ins., Hym. v. 2, p. 389. ♂.

Agapostemon bicolor Robertson, 1893. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 20: 148. ♀, ♂.

Taxonomy: Moure, 1960. Studia Ent. 3: 103-104 (synonymy, notes on type).

Species Group Melliventris

Agapostemon melliventris Cresson
Mont., Idaho, S. Dak., south to Tex., N. Mex., Ariz., and Calif.; Mexico.
Ecology: Nests in abandoned burrows and holes including vacated Sceliphron nests.
Predator: Philanthus arizonicus Bohart.
Agapostemon melliventris Cresson, 1874. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 5: 101. ♀.
Agapostemon fasciatus Crawford, 1901. Nebr. Acad. Sci., Proc. 7: 163. ♀, ♂.
Halictus {Agapostemon) plurifasciatus Vachal, 1903. Misc. Ent. 11: 93, 101. ♀, ♂.
Agapostemon digueti Cockerell, 1924. Calif. Acad. Sci., Proc. (4) 12: 539. ♀, ♂.

Agapostemon mexicanus Roberts
Mexico (Baja California and Sonora). May occur in U. S. (vicinity of San
Diego, Calif, or Yuma, Ariz.).
Agapostemon mexicanus Roberts, 1972. Kansas Univ. Sci. Bui. 49: 503. ♂, ♀.

Agapostemon peninsularis Roberts
Calif. (La Jolla and San Diego); Mexico (Baja California).
Agapostemon peninsularis Roberts, 1972. Kansas Univ. Sci. Bui. 49: 515. ♂, ♀.

Species Group Erebus

Agapostemon leunculus Vachal
Mexico to Colombia and Ecuador. May occur in U. S. since the species has
been collected 10 miles southwest of Pharr, Texas in Mexico.
Agapostemon leunculus Vachal, 1903. Misc. Ent. 11: 92. ♀.
Agapostemon vulpicolor Crawford, 1906. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 32: 162. ♀.
Agapostemon nasutus var. ater Friese, 1916. Stettin. Ent. Ztg. 77: 310. ♀.

Species Group Nasutus

Agapostemon nasutus Smith
Tex. (Brownsville), south to South America (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and
Venezuela) including Trinidad. Parasite: Zodion americanum Wied.
Agapostemon 7iasutus Smith, 1853. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 87. ♂.
Agapostemon peruvianus Cameron, 1903. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 237. ♂.
Agapostemon nasutus gualanicus Cockerell, 1912. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 9: 556. ♂.
Agapostemon purpureopictus Cockerell, 1924. Calif. Acad. Sci., Proc (4) 12: 538. ♀.
Agapostemon melanurus Cockerell, 1949. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 98: 438. ♀.

Biology: Eickwort and Eickwort, 1969. Kansas Ent. Soc, Jour. 42: 421-452 (life history).




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Genus HALICTUS Latreille

Revision: Sandhouse, 1941. Ent. Amer. (n. s.) 21: 23-37. -Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt.
Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 332-338, figs. 82-83 (eastern U. S. spp.).

Biology: Wille and Michener, 1971. Biol. Trop., Rev. 18: 17-31 (Neotropical spp.).

Taxonomy: Roberts, 1973. Oreg. State Univ. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 126: 1-23 (northwest.
Amer. spp.).

Genus HALICTUS Subgenus HALICTUS Latreille

Halictus Latreille, 1804. Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., v. 24, p. 182.

Type-species: Apis qitadricijicta Fabricius. Desig. by Richards, 1935.
Odontalidus Robertson, 1918. Ent. News 29: 91.

Type-species: Halictus ligatus Say. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Monilapis Cockerell, 1931. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 7: 529.

Type-species: Hylaeus tomentosus Eversmann. Monotypic and orig. desig.

Halictus farinosus Smith
Mont., Nebr., and N. Mex., west to B. C. and Calif. Parasite: Sphecodes
arveiisifomtis Ckll. Predator: Philanthiis crabroniforynis Sm.
Halictus farinosus Smith, 1853. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 69. ♀.
Halictus montanus Crawford, 1902. Canad. Ent. 34: 234. ♀, ♂.
Paranomia venablesii Ashmead, 1903. Canad. Ent. 35: 243. ♀.
Halictus denticulus Vachal, 1904. Soc. Sci. Hist. Arch. Correze, Bui. 26: 469. ♀, ♂.
Halictus procerus Vachal, 1904. Soc. Sci. Hist. Arch. Correze, Bui. 26: 469. ♂.

Taxonomy: Cockerell, 1905. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 31: 350. ♀.

Halictus ligatus Say
North America south of about 50 degrees latitude, southward to the West Indies
and Colombia. Parasite: Nomada sp., Thecophora modesta (Will). Predator: Philanthus
albopilosus Cress., P. biiunatus Cress., P. gibbosus (Fabr.), P. lepidus Cress., P.
pacificus arizonae Dunn., P. solivagus Say, P. ventilabris Fabr.

Halictus ligatus Say, 1837. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 396. ♀, ♂.

Halictus poeyi Lepeletier, 1841. Hist. Nat. Ins., Hym., v. 2, p. 271. ♂.

Halictus capitosus Smith, 1853. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 67. ♀.

Halictus amiaticeps Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 250. ♀.

Halictus texanus Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 251. ♀, ♂.

Halictus omatipes Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 252. ♂.

Halictus townsendi Cockerell, 1896. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) 18: 293. ♀.

Biology: Rau, 1922. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 24: 31. —Hicks, 1926. Colo. Univ., Studies 15:
217. — Knerer and Atwood, 1962. Ent. Soc. Ontario, Proc 92: 160.

Halictus parallelus Say
Ont. and N. J. to Fla., west to Mont., N. Mex., and Tex.
Halictus parallelus Say, 1837. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 397. ♀.
Halictus occidentalis Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 250. ♀, ♂.

Biology: Packard, 1868. Amer. Nat. 1: 364. — Hungerford and Williams, 1912. Ent. News 23:
241.

Halictus rubicundus (Christ)
Holarctic, in North America ranging from Alaska, B. C, N. W. T., and N.

S., south to Calif., Ariz., Tex., and Fla. Parasite: Nontada imbricata Sm., Sphecodes

dichrous Sm., Zodio7i cinerium (Fabr.). Predator: Philanthus albopilosus Cress., P.

crabroniforynis Sm., P. solivagus Say.
Apis rubicunda Christ, 1791. Naturges. Klassif. Nomencl. Ins. Bienen, Wespen,

Ameisengeschlect...Hym., p. 190. ♀.
Halictus lerouxi Lepeletier, 1841. Hist. Nat. In^., Hym., v. 2, p. 272. ♀.
Halictus lerouxi var. ruborum Cockerell, 1898. Canad. Ent. 30: 52. ♀.
Halictus (Halictus) lerouxii Lovell, 1908. Psyche 15: 34. Emend.
Halictus lupinelli Cockerell, 1936. Pan-Pacific Ent. 12: 158. ♀.

Taxonomy: Cockerell, 1937. Canad. Ent. 69: 88.

Biology: Hicks, 1926. Colo. Univ., Studies 15: 217. —Hicks, 1934. Colo. Univ., Studies 21: 265.
—Knerer and Atwood, 1962. Ent. Soc. Ontario, Proc. 92: 162.




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Genus HALICTUS Subgenus SELADONIA Robertson

Seladouia Robertson, 1918. Ent. News 29: 91.

Type-species: Apis seladonius Fabricius. Orig. desig.

Halictus confusus
***authority mismatch
arapahonum Cockerell. N. Dak. to N. Mex., west to B. C, Oreg., Calif, and Utah.
Halictits arapahonum Cockerell, 1906. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 17: 316. ♀.
Halictus provancheri nearcticus Cockerell, 1911. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 8: 661.

Preocc.
Halictus iChloralictus) olivarixs Sandhouse, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 65 (2532): 10. ♀.

Taxonomy: Michener, 1951. In Muesebeck, Krombein and Townes, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr.
Monog. 2: 1105 (synonymy).

Halictus confusus
***authority mismatch
confusus Smith. Alaska, to N. S. south to Fla. west to N. Dak. and Tex. Predator:
Philanthus albopilosns Cress., P. bilunatus Cress., P. crabrunifonnis Sm., P. gibbosns
(Fabr.), P. pacificus arizonae Dunn., P. politus politus Say, P. pulclier Dalla Torre, P.
solivagus Say.

Halictus confusus Smith, 1853. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 70. ♀, ♂.

Halictus co7istrictus Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13: 202. ♀. Preocc.

Halictus provancheri Dalla Torre, 1896. Cat. Hym., v. 10, p. 77. N. name.

Halictus nearcticus Vachal, 1904. Soc. Sci. Hist. Arch. Correze, Bui. 26: 470. ♀, ♂.

Taxonomy: Cockerell, 1905. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 31: 350. 9. —Cockerell, 1911. Ann. and
Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 8: 660. —Michener, 1951. //; Muesebeck, Krombein and Townes, U. S.
Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 1105 (synonymy).

Biology: Hicks, 1936. Canad. Ent. 68: 47. — Knerer and Atwood, 1962. Ent. Soc. Ontario,
Proc. 92: 161.

Halictus harmonius Sandhouse
South. Calif.

Halictus (Halictus) harynonius Sandhouse, 1941. Ent. Amer. (n. s.) 21: 36. ♀.

Halictus tripartitus Cockerell
Idaho, Colo., and Tex. to Wash., Cahf., Mexico (Baja California).

Predator: Philanthus crabroniforviis Sm., P. gibbosus (Fabr.), P. pacificus arizonae
Dunn., P. pulcher Dalla Torre.
Halictus tripartitus Cockerell, 1895. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) 16: 63. ♀.
Halictus meliloti Cockerell, 1895. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) 16: 67. ♀.
Halictus catalinensis Cockerell, 1903. South. Calif. Acad. Sci., Bui. 2: 84. ♀.

Taxonomy: Michener, 1953. Kansas Univ. Sci. Bui. 35: 1027, figs. 60, 61 (larva).

Halictus virgatellus Cockerell
N. W. T., B. C, Alta., Oreg., Colo., N. Mex.
Halictus virgatellus Cockerell, 1901. Psyche 9: 284. ♀.
Halictus sa7isoni Crawford, 1911. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 41: 267. ♀.
Halictus fraserae Cockerell, 1916. Entomologist 49: 100. ♀.
Halictus typographicus Cockerell, 1918. Entomologist 51: 261. ♂.
Halictus (Seladonia) ororyctes Cockerell, 1933. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 26: 40. ♀.

Taxonomy: Cockerell, 1919. Ent. News 30: 288. ♂.

Nomina Nuda in Halictus Latreille

Halictus califomica Bridwell, 1899. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 16: 210.
Halictus emarginata Smith, 1910. N. J. State Mus., Ann. Rpt. 1909, p. 688.
Halictus fendleri Clements and Long, 1923. Carnegie Inst. Wash., Pub. 336: 252.
Halictus medionitens Clements and Long, 1923. Carnegie Inst. Wash., Pub. 336: 252.
Halictus 7nissouriensis Bridwell, 1899. Kans. Acad. Sci., Trans. 16: 210.
Halictus pulzenus Clements and Long, 1923. Carnegie Inst. Wash., Pub. 336: 252.
Halictus rlioptoides Bray, 1917. Pomona Jour. Ent. Zool. 9: 99.

Genus LASIOGLOSSUM Curtis

Lasioglossu7n Curtis, 1833. Brit. Ent. v. 10, p. 448.

Type-species: Melitta xanthopus Kirby. Monotypic and orig. desig. {=Lasioglossu7n
trici7iguluin Curtis).
Curtisapis Robertson, 1918. Ent. News 29: 91.




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Type-species: Halictiis coiiaceus Smith. Orig. desig.
Pachyhalictus Cockerell, 1929. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 4: 589.
Type-species: Halictus merescens Cockerell. Orig. desig.

Revision: Sandhouse, 1933. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 35: 80-83 (eastern U. S. spp.). —Mitchell,
1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 338-347, figs. 81, 84-87 (eastern U. S. spp.).

Lasioglossum athabascense (Sandhouse)
N. S. to B. C, south to Wis., Mich., Ohio and in the eastern U. S. to
N. C.
Halictus athabascense Sandhouse, 1933. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 35: 78. ♂, ♀.

Lasioglossum bardum (Cresson)
Tex. to Calif.

Halictus bardus Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 251. ♀.

Taxonomy: Cockerell, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 163.

Lasioglossum citerior (Vachal)
No locality recorded.

Halictus citerior Vachal, 1904. Soc. Sci. Hist. Arch. Correze, Bui. 26: 473. ♀.

Lasioglossum coriaceum (Smith)
N. S. to Ga., west to Alta. and N. Mex. ranging southward in Mississippi
Valley to south. 111. Predator: Philayitlius gibbosus (Fabr.), P. solivagus Say.

Halictus coriaceus Smith, 1853. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 70. ♀.

Halictus subquadratus Smith, 1853. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 72. ♂.

Halictus 6-cinctus Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13: 200. ♂.

Halictus sexcinctus Dalla Torre, 1896. Cat. Hym., v. 10, p. 59. Emend.

Lasioglossum cyaneiceps (Cockerell)
N. Mex., Ariz.

Halictus cyaneiceps Cockerell, 1916. Canad. Ent. 48: 254. ♀, ♂.

Lasioglossum forbesii (Robertson)
N. B. west to Wash., south to Tex. and Ga. Predator: Philanthus
sanbomii Cress.

Halictus Forbesii Robertson, 1890. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 17: 315. ♀, ♂.

Halictus forbesi Cockerell, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 163. Emend.

Taxonomy: Cockerell, 1906. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 32: 294.
Biology: Knerer and Atwood, 1962. Ent. Soc. Ontario, Proc. 92: 163.

Lasioglossum fuscipenne (Smith)
N. S. to Ontario, south to Tex. and Fla.

Halictus fuscipennis Smith, 1853. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 67. ♀, ♂.
Halictus capitulatus Vachal, 1904. Soc. Sci. Hist. Arch. Correze, Bui. 26: 472. ♀.

Lasioglossum heterorhinum (Cockerell)
Colo., Ariz.

Halictus lieterorhinus Cockerell, 1930. Amer. Mus. Novitates 397: 6. ♀.

Lasioglossum leucozonium (Schrank)
Holarctic, widespread in Europe and Canada; Maine, N. Y. Predator:
Philanthus albopilosus Cress., P. bilunatus Cress., P. solivagus Say.

Apis leucozonia Schrank, 1781. Enum. Ins. Austr., p. 406.

Halictus similis Smith, 1853. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 69. ♀.

Taxonomy: Cockerell, 1905. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 31: 352.

Biology: Atwood, 1933. Canad. Jour. Res. 9: 449. —Knerer and Atwood, 1962. Ent. Soc
Ontario, Proc. 92: 163.

Lasioglossum manitouellum (Cockerell)
Colo.

Halictus manitouellus Cockerell, 1908. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc 9: 119. ♀.

Lasioglossum mellipes (Crawford)
Calif.; Mexico (Baja California).

Halictus mellipes Crawford, 1907. Invertebrata Pacifica 19: 190. ♀.

Lasioglossum olympiae (Cockerell)
B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif.,? Colo.

Halictus olympiae Cockerell, 1898. Canad. Ent. 30: 51. ♀.

Halictus olympiae var. subajigustus Cockerell, 1898. Canad. Ent. 30: 51. ♀.

Halictus olympiae var. subangustatus Crawford, 1906. Canad. Ent. 38: 301. Error for
subajigustus.

Taxonomy: Vachal, 1904. Soc. Sci. Hist. Arch. Correze, Bui. 26: 476. 6 ?

Lasioglossum pacificum (Cockerell)
B. C, Wash., Calif.

Halictus pacificus Cockerell, 1898. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 50: 50. ♀, ♂.

Lasioglossum pavonotum (Cockerell)
Calif.

Halictus pavonotus Cockerell, 1925. Calif. Acad. Sci., Proc. (4) 14: 188. ♀, ♂.




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Lasioglossum ripariellum (Cockerell)
Colo.

Halktus riparieUus Cockerell, 1918. Entomologist 51: 261. ♀.

Lasioglossum sisymbrii (Cockerell)
Wyo. to N. Mex., west to B. C. and Calif.; Mexico (Baja California).
Predator: Philanthus ventilabris Fabr.

Halktus sisymbrii Cockerell, 1895. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) 16: 63. ♀.

Taxonomy: Cockerell, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 25: 165. ♀, ♂.

Biology: Linsley, 1962. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 55: 159. — Alcock and Gamboa, 1975. Ariz.

Acad. Sci. 10: 163 (predator).

Lasioglossum titusi (Crawford)
Oreg., Calif.

Halictus Titusi Crawford, 1902. Canad. Ent. 34: 235. ♀.

Lasioglossum trizonatum (Cresson)
Alta. to N. Mex., west to B. C. and Calif.

Halictus trizonatus Cresson, 1874. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 5: 101. ♀.

Halictiis egregius Vachal, 1904. Soc. Sci. Hist. Arch. Correze, Bui. 26: 476. ♀.

Halictus colatus Vachal, 1904. Soc. Sci. Hist. Arch. Correze, Bui. 26: 476. ♂.

Lasioglossum zonulum (Smith)
Holarctic; N. S. to Minn., south to N. Y., Mich., Wis. Predator: Philanthtis
gibbosus (Fabr.).

Halictus zonulus Smith, 1848. Zoologist 6: 2171. ♀, ♂.

Halictus cratenis Lovell, 1908. Psyche 15: 35. ♀, ♂.

Biology: Brittain, 1933. Canad. Dept. Agr., Bui. (n. s.) 162: 94. — Knerer and Atwood, 1962.
Ent. Soc. Ontario, Proc. 92: 163.

Genus EVYLAEUS Robertson

Evylaeus Robertson, 1902. Canad. Ent. 34: 244.

Type-species: Halictus arcuatus Robertson. Orig. desig. {=Halictus cinctipes
Provancher).

Taxonomy: Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 348-363, figs. 89-91 (eastern
U. S. spp.).

Biology: Knerer and Plateaux, 1967. Acad. Sci. Paris, Compt. Rend. 265: 455-458 (nest
architecture).
abcrrans (Crawford). N. Dak., Nebr., Colo., N. Mex., Alta., Oreg., Calif., Utah. Parasite:

Sphecodes sp. Pollen: Collects pollen principally from Oenothera, but also visits these
and a wide variety of other plants for nectar or occasionally pollen. Predator:
Philanthus gibbosus (Fabr.).
Halictus aberrans Crawford, 1903. Canad. Ent. 35: 336. ♀.
Halictus galpinsiae Cockerell, 1903. Canad. Ent. 35: 342. ♀.
Halictus gelidus Vachal, 1904. Soc. Sci. Hist. Arch. Correze, Bui. 26: 481. ♂.

Biology: Bohart and Youssef, 1977 (1976). Wasmann Jour. Biol. 34: 185-234, 18 figs., 4 tables
(nest architecture, life history, behavior, parasite, as galpiiisiae).

Evylaeus absurdiceps (Timberlake)
Calif. (Central Valley).

Halictus (Evylaeus) absurdiceps Timberlake, 1962. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 62: 105. ♂.

Evylaeus allonotus (Cockerell)
Calif.

Halictus allonotus Cockerell, 1936. Pan-Pacific Ent. 12: 156. ♀.

Evylaeus amicus (Cockerell)
N. Mex., Ariz., Calif.

Halictus amicus Cockerell, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 164. ♀.

Evylaeus angustior (Cockerell)
N. Mex., Ariz.

Halictus angustior Cockerell, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 165, 167. ♀, ♂.

Evylaeus argemonis (Cockerell)
Calif.; Mexico.

Halictus arcuatus var. argemonis Cockerell, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 146. ♀.
Halictus latifrons Crawford, 1907. Invertebrata Pacifica 1: 192. ♀.

Taxonomy: Michener, 1951. In Muesebeck, Krombein and Townes, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr.
Monog. 2: 1107 (synonymy).

Evylaeus arizonensis (Crawford)
Ariz., Calif.; Mexico (Baja California).

Halictus arizonensis Crawford, 1907. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 15: 189. ♀.




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Evylaeus aspilurus (Cockerell)
Calif.

Halictus aspilurus Cockerell, 1925. Calif. Acad. Sci., Proc. (4) 14: 190. ♀.

Evylaeus avalonensis (Cockerell)
Calif.

Halictus avalonensis Cockerell, 1938. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (11) 2: 150. ♀.

Taxonomy: Cockerell, 1939. Calif. Acad. Sci., Proc. (4) 23: 435. ♂.

Evylaeus birkmanni (Crawford)
Tex.

Halictus Birkmanni Crawford, 1906. Canad. Ent. 38: 5. ♀.

Evylaeus bradleyi Mitchell
N. J. (Pitman). This may be the male of Evylaeus pectinatus (Robertson).

Evylaeus bradleyi Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 356, figs. 88, 91. ♂.

Evylaeus cinctipes (Provancher)
N. S. to Fla., west to N. Dak. and Colo.

Halictus cinctipes Provancher, 1888. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada, Hym., p. 316. ♂.

Halictus arcuatus Robertson, 1893. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 20: 145. ♀.

Halictus crassus Vachal, 1904. Soc. Sci. Hist. Arch. Correze, Bui. 26: 477. ♀.

Halictus adelipus Vachal, 1904. Soc. Sci. Hist. Arch. Correze, Bui. 26: 479. ♂.

Halictus arcuatus var. parisus Lovell, 1908. Psyche 15: 36. ♀.

Halictus arcuatus gulosus Cockerell, 1911. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 8: 661. ♀.

Halictus gulosus jninctifenis Cockerell, 1916. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 17: 286. ♀.

Taxonomy: Knerer and Atwood, 1964. Canad. Ent. 96: 960-962, fig. 1.

Biology: Brittain, 1933. Canad. Dept. Agr., Bui. (n. s.) 162: 94. —Atwood, 1933. Canad. Jour.

Res. 9: 448. —Knerer and Atwood, 1964. Canad. Ent. 96: 960-962, fig. 1. —Knerer and

Plateaux-Quenu, 1966. Acad. Sci. Paris, Compt. Rend. 263: 1622-1625 (nests).

Evylaeus comagensis Knerer and Atwood
Ont., Alaska.

Evylaeus comagensis Knerer and Atwood, 1964. Canad. Ent. 96: 959, fig. 1. ♀, ♂.

Evylaeus cooleyi (Crawford)
Alta., B. C, Mont., Colo., N. Mex., Tex., Oreg., Calif. Predator: Philanthus
crahronifonnis Sm.

Halictus cooleyi Crawford, 1906. In Viereck, Canad. Ent. 38: 301. ♀, ♂.
cordleyi (Crawford). B. C, Oreg., Calif.

Halictus Cordleyi Crawford, 1906. In Viereck, Canad. Ent. 38: 302. ♀, ♂.

Evylaeus dasiphorae (Cockerell)
N. Mex., Calif.

Halictus dasiphorae Cockerell, 1901. Psyche 9: 285. ♀.

Evylaeus diatretus (Vachal)
B. C, Wash., Nev., Colo.,? Oreg.

Halictus diatretus Vachal, 1904. Soc. Sci. Hist. Arch. Correze, Bui. 26: 481. ♀, ♂.
divergenoides Mitchell. Mich., Ind. Predator: Philanthus lepidus Cress.

Evylaeus divergenoides Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 351, fig. 91. ♂.

Evylaeus divergens (Lovell)
N. S. to Minn., south to Ga.

Halictus divergens Lovell, 1905. Canad. Ent. 37: 299. ♀.

Taxonomy: Knerer and Atwood, 1964. Canad. Ent. 96: 958, fig. 1. ♂.

Evylaeus fartus (Vachal)
Wash.

Halictus fartus Vachal, 1904. Soc. Sci. Hist. Arch. Correze, Bui. 26: 483. ♀.

Evylaeus fedorensis (Crawford)
Tex.

Halictus Fedorensis Crawford, 1906. Canad. Ent. 38: 4. ♀.

Evylaeus foxii (Robertson)
N. S. to Man. and Minn., south to Ga.

Halictus gracilis Robertson, 1890. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 17: 316. ♀, ♂. Preocc.

Halictus foxii Robertson, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 117. N. name.

Halictus gracillimus Dalla Torre, 1896. Cat. Hym., v. 10, p. 63. N. name.

Biology: Knerer and Atwood, 1962. Ent. Soc. Ontario, Proc. 92: 164.

Evylaeus giffardi (Michener)
Calif.

Halictus giffardi Michener, 1937. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 19: 315. ♀.

Evylaeus glabriventris (Crawford)
Oreg., Calif., Colo.

Halictus Vachali Crawford, 1906. In Viereck, Canad. Ent. 38: 300. 9. Preocc
Halictus glabriventris Crawford, 1907. Canad. Ent. 39: 21. N. name.

Biology: Hicks, 1936. Canad. Ent. 68: 47.



1960 Hymenoptera in America Nortii of Mexico

Evylaeus granosus (Vachal)
Colo.

Halidus granosus Vachal, 1904. Soc. Sci. Hist. Arch. Correze, Bui. 26: 477. ♀, ♂.

Evylaeus gularis (Vachal)
Calif.

Halictus gularis Vachal, 1904. Soc. Sci. Hist. Arch. Correze, Bui. 26: 481. ♂.

Evylaeus hammondi (Cockerell)
Calif.

Halictus hammondi Cockerell, 1938. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (11) 2: 149. ♀.

Evylaeus humboldtensis (Michener)
Calif.

Halictus (Evylaeus) humboldtensis Michener, 1936. Pan-Pacific Ent. 12: 166. ♀.

Evylaeus inconditus (Cockerell)
Alaska, Wash., Colo.

Halictus inconditus Cockerell, 1916. Entomologist 49: 101. ♀.

Evylaeus kincaidii (Cockerell)
Wash., Oreg., Calif.

Halictus kincaidii Cockerell, 1898. Canad. Ent. 30: 51. ♀.

Taxonomy: Cockerell, 1903. Entomologist 36: 208. —Michener, 1937. Ann. and Mag. Nat.
Hist. (10) 19: 318. 6,9. —Michener, 1953. Kansas Univ. Sci. Bui. 35: 1025, figs. 48-53
(larva).

Evylaeus lusorius (Cresson)
Tex., N. Mex.

Halictus lusorius Cresson, 1872*. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 252. ♀.

Taxonomy: Cockerell, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 166. — Linsley and MacSwain, 1962.
Pan-Pacific Ent. 38: 45.

Evylaeus macoupinensis (Robertson)
Minn, to N. B., south to Ga. and Ala.

Halictus i-maculatus Robertson, 1890. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 17: 316. 9,6. Preocc
Halictus quadrimaculatus Cockerell, 1895. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) 16: 65. Emend.
Halictus macoupinensis Robertson, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 117. N. name.

Evylaeus mendocinensis (Michener)
Calif.; Mexico (Baja California).

Halictus (Evylaeus) mendocinensis Michener, 1936. Pan-Pacific Ent. 12: 167. ♀.

Evylaeus miguelensis (Cockerell)
Calif.; Mexico (Baja California).

Halictus miguelensis Cockerell, 1937. Pan-Pacific Ent. 13: 156. ♂.

Halictus cooleyi obscurior Cockerell, 1939. Calif. Acad. Sci., Proc (4) 23: 435. 9,6. Preocc

Evylaeus nelumbonis (Robertson)
Maine to Minn., south to Fla. and Tex.

Halictus nelumbonis Robertson, 1890. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 17: 316. ♀, ♂.

Evylaeus nigrescens (Crawford)
Calif.; Mexico (Baja California).

Halictus nigrescens Crawford, 1907. Invertebrata Pacifica 1: 191. ♀.

Taxonomy: Cockerell, 1936. Pan-Pacific Ent. 12: 159. ♀.

nigricoUis (Vachal). Colo.

Halictus nigricollis Vachal, 1904. Soc. Sci. Hist. Arch. Correze, Bui. 26: 480. ♂.

Evylaeus nigridens (Vachal)
Calif.

Halictus nigridens Vachal, 1904. Soc. Sci. Hist. Arch. Correze, Bui. 26: 480. ♂.

Evylaeus niger (Viereck)
Labrador, N. S., N. Y., Alta., B. C, south in mountains to N. Mex.; Eurasia.

Predator: Philanthus crabroniformis Sm., P. pacificus arizonae Dunn., P. pulcher Dalla
Torre.
Halictus niger Viereck, 1903. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 56. 9, Halictus fratellus Perez, 1903. Soc Linn, de Bordeaux, Actes 58: ccxiv. 9.
Halictus frey-gessneri Alfken, 1905. Nat. Ver. Bremen, Abh. 18: 73. ♀, ♂.

Taxonomy: Eidman, 1935. Arb. ueber Morph. u. Taxonom. Ent. 2: 104.

Evylaeus occultus (Vachal)
Wash.

Halictus occultus Vachal, 1904. Soc. Sci. Hist. Arch. Correze, Bui. 26: 478. ♀.

Evylaeus oenotherae (Stevens)
N. S. south to Ga., west to N. Dak. and Kans. Pollen: Oligolege of
Oenothera. Evylaeus pineolensis Mitchell is possibly the male of this species.

Halictus (Evylaeus) oenotherae Stevens, 1920. Ent. News 31: 37. ♀.

Halictus ralenci Crawford, 1932. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc 34: 70. ♀.

Taxonomy: Linsley and MacSwain, 1962. Pan-Pacific Ent. 38: 45. — Knerer and Atwood, 1964.
Canad. Ent. 96: 958-959 (geogr. and floral records).



Superfamily APOIDEA 1961

Biology: Knerer and MacKay, 1969. Canad. Jour. Zool. 47: 289-294 (nest architecture, life
history).

Evylaeus orthocarpi (Cockerell)
Calif.

Halictus orthocarpi Cockerell, 1936. Pan-Pacific Ent. 12: 159. 9

Taxonomy: Michener, 1936. Pan-Pacific Ent. 12: 171. ♂.

Evylaeus ovaliceps (Cockerell)
Colo., N. Mex., B. C, Calif.

Halictus ovaliceps Cockerell, 1898. Denison Univ. Sci. Labs., Bui. 11: 45. 9. Republished
by Cockerell, 1898. N. Mex. Univ., Bui. 1: 45. female.

Taxonomy: Michener, 1937. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 19: 317. ♂.

Biology: Hicks, 1936. Canad. Ent. 68: 47.

Evylaeus pecosensis (Crawford)
N. Mex.

Halictus Pecosensis Crawford, 1906. Canad. Ent. 38: 6. ♀.

Evylaeus pectinatus (Robertson)
Conn., N. J., Md., 111., Mo.

Halictus pectinatus Robertson, 1890. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 17: 315. ♀.

Evylaeus pectoralis (Smith)
N. S. to Fla., west to Wis., Nebr., Tex.

Halictus pectoralis Smith, 1853. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 68. ♀.

Taxonomy: Cockerell, 1895. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) 16: 64. —Robertson, 1898. Acad. Sci.
St. Louis, Trans. 8: 44. 6. —Cockerell, 1905. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 31: 350. ♀.

Evylaeus pectoraloides (Cockerell)
Man., B. C, Colo., N. Mex., Ariz., Calif.; north. Mexico.
Halictus pectoraloides Cockerell, 1895. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) 16: 64. ♀.
Halictus pectoraloides var. beatulus Cockerell, 1918. Entomologist 51: 262. ♀.
Halictus (Evylaeus) grindeliae Cockerell, 1934. Ent. News 45: 29. ♀.

Taxonomy: Cockerell, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 166. ♀, ♂.

Evylaeus peralpinus (Cockerell)
Colo.

Halictus peralpinus Cockerell, 1919. Ent. News 30: 289. ♀.

Evylaeus peraltus (Cockerell)
Wash., Wyo., Colo., N. Mex., Calif. Predator: Pkilanthus crabroniformis
Sm.

Halictus peraltus Cockerell, 1901. Psyche 9: 164. ♂.

Evylaeus pineolensis Mitchell
N. C. (Pineola). Possibly male of Evylaeus oenotherae (Stevens).

Evylaeus pineole7isis Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 358. ♂.

Evylaeus pullilabris (Vachal)
Calif.

Halictus pullilabris Vachal, 1904. Soc Sci. Hist. Arch. Correze, Bui. 26: 479. ♂.

Biology: MacSwain, Raven and Thorp, 1973. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 70: 37-40 (flower

relationships).

Evylaeus pulveris (Cockerell)
Colo.

Halictus pulveris Cockerell, 1930. Amer. Mus. Novitates 397: 7. ♀, ♂.

Evylaeus quebecensis (Crawford)
Minn, to Newfoundland, south to Ga.

Halictus quebecensis Crawford, 1907. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 15: 189. ♀.

Evylaeus regis (Cockerell)
Colo.

Halictus regis Cockerell, 1916. Entomologist 49: 102. ♀.

Evylaeus robertsoni (Crawford)
Tex.

Halictus Robertsoni Crawford, 1906. Canad. Ent. 38: 4. ♀.

Evylaeus robustus (Crawford)
Calif.

Halictus robustus Crawford, 1907. Invertebrata Pacifica 1: 191. ♀.

Evylaeus ruficornis (Crawford)
Nev., Calif., Ariz.

Halictus ruficornis Crawford, 1907. Invertebrata Pacifica 1: 192. ♂.

Evylaeus rufitarsis (Zetterstedt)
Holarctic; Alaska, N. S., N. B., Ont., Mich.

Halictus rufitarsis Zetterstedt, 1838. Ins. Lappon., v. 1, p. 462. ♀, ♂.

Hylaeus viinutissijuus Eversmann, 1852. Soc. Nat. Moscou, Bui. 25: 42. ♂.

Halictus atricornis Smith, 1870. Ent. Ann., p. 26. ♀, ♂.

Taxonomy: Eidmann, 1935. Arb. ueber Morph. u. Taxonom. Ent. 2: 104.




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Evylaeus sanfrancisconis (Strand)
Ariz.

Halictus sanfrancisconis Strand, 1917. Arch. f. Naturgesch. 83 (Abt. A, Heft 11): 57. ♂.

Evylaeus sequoiae (Michener)
Calif.

Halictus (Evylaeus) sequoiae Michener, 1936. Pan-Pacific Ent. 12: 165. ♀.

Evylaeus sopinci (Crawford)
N. J., N. C, Ga.

Halictus sopinci Crawford, 1932. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 34: 69. ♀.

Evylaeus subobscurus (Cockerell)
N. Mex.

Halictus subobscurus Cockerell, 1895. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) 16: 65. ♀.

Halictus Cockerelli Crawford, 1902. Canad. Ent. 34: 236. ♀.

Evylaeus supranitens
***authority mismatch
(Cockerell). Colo.

Halictus supranitens Cockerell, 1919. Ent. News 30: 289. ♀.

Evylaeus swenki (Crawford)
N. Dak., Nebr.

Halictus swenki Crawford, 1906. Ent. News 17: 275. ♀.

Evylaeus synthyridis (Cockerell)
Alta., Colo. Predator: Philanthus crabronifomiis Sm., P. pacificus
arizonae Dunn.

Halictus synthyridis Cockerell, 1906. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 22: 427. ♀, ♂.

Evylaeus tracyi (Cockerell)
Calif.

Halictus tracyi Cockerell, 1936. Pan-Pacific Ent. 12: 161. ♀.

Taxonomy: Michener, 1936. Pan-Pacific Ent. 12: 170. 9,8.

Evylaeus truncatus (Robertson)
Que. and Maine to Ga., west to Kans., Nebr., and Wash.
Halictus truncatus Robertson, 1901. Canad. Ent. 33: 230. ♀, ♂.
Halictus fulgidus Crawford, 1902. Canad. Ent. 34: 235. ♀.

Taxonomy: Knerer and Atwood, 1964. Canad. Ent. 96: 962, fig. 1.

Evylaeus vaporellus (Cockerell)
Colo.

Halictus vaporellus Cockerell, 1910. Canad. Ent. 42: 366. ♀.

Genus HEMIHALICTUS Cockerell

Hemihalictus Cockerell, 1897. Canad. Ent. 29: 288.

Type-species: Panurgus lustra7is Cockerell. Monotypic.

Hemihalictus lustrans (Cockerell)
Va. to Fla., Ind. and Mich, to Miss, and Tex. Pollen: Oligolege of

Pyrrhopappus carolinianus, but occassionally visits other flowers including Cichorium
intybus and Cucurbita presumably for nectar; males also obtain nearly their entire
nectar supply from the flowers of Pyrrhopappus carolinianus.
Panurgus lustrans Cockerell, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 147. ♀.

Taxonomy: Michener, 1947. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 55: 50. i. —Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr.
Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui., 141: 363-364, fig. 81.

Biology: Michener, 1947. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 55: 50. —Daly, 1961. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 34:
134-140, 13 figs, (biology and taxonomy).

Genus SPHECODOGASTRA Ashmead

Sphecodogastra Ashmead, 1899. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 26: 92.

Type-species: Parasphecodes texana Cresson. Monotypic and orig. desig.

Taxonomy: Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 364-366. — Linsley and
MacSwain, 1962. Pan-Pacific Ent. 38: 45.

Biology: Stevens, 1920. Ent. News 31: 39-44.

Sphecodogastra noctivaga (Linsley and MacSwain)
Utah, N. Mex., west Tex. Pollen: Collects pollen from
flowers of Oenothera hartwegii, but visits flowers of other plants for nectar.
Lasioglossum (Sphecodogastra) noctivaga Linsley and MacSwain, 1962. Pan-Pacific Ent.
38:46. ♀.

Sphecodogastra texana (Cresson)
N. Dak. and Mich., south to Tex., N. Mex. and Mexico, west to Colo., east to
Ind. Pollen: Oligolege of Oenothera including 0. caespitosa, 0. rhombipetala, 0.
runcinata, but visits the flowers of other plants for nectar.
Parasphecodes texanus Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 249. ♀.




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Biology: Graenicher, 1911. Pub. Mus. Milwaukee, Bui. 1: 222-225. —Stevens, 1920. Ent. News
31: 39. —Hicks, 1936. Canad. Ent. 68: 51. —Chandler, 1962. Ind. Acad. Sci., Proc. for 1961,
71: 124-129, 2 figs., 2 tables. — Kerfoot, 1967. Kansas Ent. See, Jour. 40: 84-93, 9 figs., 2
tables (nest architecture, behavior). —Kerfoot, 1967. Anim. Behavior 15: 479-486 (lunar
periodicity).

Genus DIALICTUS Robertson

Dialictus Robertson, 1902. Canad. Ent. 34: 48.

Type-species: Halictus anomalus Robertson. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Chloralidus Robertson, 1902. Canad. Ent. 34: 248.

Type-species: Halictus cressoni Robertson. Orig. desig.
Halictus subg. Gastrohalictns Ducke, 1902. Ztschr. System. Hym. Dipt. 2: 102.

Type-species: Halictus os7uioides Ducke. Monotypic.
Halictomorpha Schrottky, 1911. Rev. Mus. Paulista 8: 81.

Type-species: Halictomorpha phaedra Schrottky. Monotypic and orig. desig.

Revision: Sandhouse, 1923. Canad. Ent. 55: 193. — Sandhouse, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 65

(19): 1-10. -Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 368-445, figs. 95-102,

tables 11-12 (eastern U. S. spp.).

Dialictus abanci (Crawford)
Minn, to N. B., south to Ga.

Halictus abanci Crawford, 1932. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 34: 71. ♀.

Dialictus abietus (Michener)
Colo.

Halictus (Chloralictus) abietum Michener, 1938. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 18: 281. ♀.
6.

Dialictus absimilis (Sandhouse)
Colo.

Halictus absimilis Sandhouse, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 65 (19): 21. ♀.

Dialictus abundus (Sandhouse)
N. Mex.

Halictus abundus Sandhouse, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 65 (19): 32. ♂.

Dialictus academicus (Sandhouse)
Iowa, Colo.

Halictus acade7nicus Sandhouse, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 65 (19): 12. ♀.
Halictus vintonensis Sandhouse, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 65 (19): 22. ♀.

Taxonomy: Michener, 1951. In Muesebeck, Krombein and Townes, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr.
Monog. 2: 1111 (synonymy).

Dialictus accentus (Sandhouse)
Colo.

Halictus accentus Sandhouse, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 65 (19): 38. ♂.

Dialictus achilleae Mitchell
Mass. to N. C, Mich.

Dialictus achilleae Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 377. ♀.

Dialictus actinosus (Sandhouse)
Calif.

Halictus actinosus Sandhouse, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 65 (19): 13. ♀.

Dialictus actuarius (Sandhouse)
Colo.

Halictus actuanus Sandhouse, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 65 (19): 25. ♂.

Dialictus admirandus (Sandhouse)
Minn, to N. S., south to La. and Fla.

Halictus admirandus Sandhouse, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 65 (19): 14. ♀.

advertus Mitchell. Mass. (Reading).

Dialictus advertus Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 433, fig. 102. ♂.

Dialictus alachuensis Mitchell
Ga., Fla.

Dialictus alachuensis Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 378. ♀.

Dialictus albipennis (Robertson)
N. S. to Oreg., south to N. C, 111., and Colo. Predator: Philanthus
politus politus Say.
Halictus albipennis Robertson, 1890. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 17: 317. ♀, ♂.
Halictus nubilis Lovell, 1905. Canad. Ent. 37: 40. ♀.

Dialictus albitarsis (Cresson)
Tex.,? Ont.

Halictus albitarsis Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 254. ♂.

Taxonomy: Warncke, 1973. Soc. Royale Sci. Liege 42 (7-8): 294 (proposed replacement name).




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Dialictus albohirtus (Crawford)
Nev.

Halidiis albohirtus Crawford, 1907. Invertebrata Pacifica 1: 193. ♀.

Dialictus albuquerquensis (Michener)
N. Mex.

Halktus iCIiloralictus) albuquerquensis Michener, 1937. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 19:
316. ♀.

Dialictus alius (Sandhouse)
N. Mex., Ariz.

Hal ictus alius Sandhouse, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 65 (19): 16. ♀.

Dialictus alternatus Mitchell
Ont. and Mass. to Va., Ohio, Mich.

Dialictus alternatus Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 433. ♂.

Dialictus anomalus (Robertson)
Alta. and Colo, east to N. S. south to Ala. and Ga.

Halictus anomalus Robertson, 1892. Amer. Nat. 26: 272. ♀.

Dialictus apertus (Sandhouse)
Minn, to Maine, south to La. and Ga. Predator: Philanthus lepidus Cress.

Halictus apertus Sandhouse, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 65 (19): 35. ♂.

Dialictus apocyni Mitchell
W. Va., Ohio, Ind., Tenn.

Dialictus apocyni Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 381. ♀.

Dialictus apopkensis (Robertson)
N. C. to Fla., Miss.

Halictus apopkensis Robertson, 1892. Amer. Nat. 26: 272. ♀.

Dialictus aquilae (Cockerell)
N. Mex.; north. Mexico.

Halictus aquilae Cockerell, 1898. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 2: 450. ♀.

Taxonomy: Cockerell, 1900. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 5: 415. ♂.

Dialictus arcanus (Sandhouse)
N. Mex.

Halictus arcanus Sandhouse, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 65 (19): 19. ♀.

Dialictus astutus (Sandhouse)
N. Mex.

Halictus astutus Sandhouse, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 65 (19): 31. ♂.

Dialictus atlanticus Mitchell
Ont., Mass., N. Y., W. Va., N. C.

Dialictus atlanticus Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 383. fig. 99. ♀.

Taxonomy: Knerer and Atwood, 1966. Canad. Ent. 98: 881. ♂.

Dialictus atriventris (Crawford)
Alta., B. C.

Halictus atriventris Crawford, 1906. In Viereck, Canad. Ent. 38: 303. ♀, ♂.

Dialictus basilicus (Sandhouse)
Minn, to Conn., N. H., Ont.

Halictus basilicus Sandhouse, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 65 (19): 36. ♂.

Taxonomy: Knerer and Atwood, 1966. Canad. Ent. 98: 881. ♀.

Dialictus bernardinensis (Michener)
Calif.

Halictus (Chloralictus) bernarditieyisis Michener, 1936. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 18:
286. ♀.

Dialictus brassicae Mitchell
N. C, Fla.

Dialictus brassicae Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 384. ♀.

Dialictus brevibasis (Cockerell)
Sask.

Halictus (Cldoralictus) brevibasis Cockerell, 1938. Amer. Mus. Novitates 983: 3. ♂.

Dialictus bruneri (Crawford)
Ont. and N. Y. to Fla., west to Nebr.

Halictus Bruneri Crawford, 1902. Canad. Ent. 34: 237. ♀.

Halictus brimleyi Crawford, 1932. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 34: 71. ♀.

Dialictus brunneiventris (Crawford)
Nev., Calif.

Halictus brunneiventris Crawford, 1907. Invertebrata Pacifica 1: 194. ♀.

Dialictus cabrilli (Cockerell)
Calif. (San Miguel Island).

Halictus (Cldoralictus) cabrilli Cockerell, 1937. Pan-Pacific Ent. 13: 155. ♂.

Dialictus caducus (Sandhouse)
N. Mex.

Halictus caducus Sandhouse, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 65 (19): 17. ♀.

Dialictus californiae (Ellis)
Calif.

Halictus perpunctatus var. californiae Ellis, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 65 (19): 6. ♀.
Lasioglossum (Cldoralictus) calforniae(l) Michener, 1951. In Muesebeck, Krombein and
Townes, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 1112. Lapsus calami.

Taxonomy: Timberlake, 1940. South. Calif. Acad. Sci., Bui. 39: 190. 9, cj.




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Dialictus callidus (Sandhouse)
111. and Mich, to New England, south to N. C.

HalktHs callidus Sandhouse, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 65 (19): 34. ♂.

Dialictus cattellae (Ellis)
Ohio, Que., New England, south to Ga.

Halictus cattellae Ellis, 1913. Ent. News 24: 209. ♀, ♂.

Dialictus ceanothi Mitchell
N. C, Mich., Mo.

Dialictus ceanothi Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 386, fig. 99. ♀.

Dialictus clarissimus (Ellis)
N. Mex., Ariz.

Halictus clarissimus Ellis, 1914. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 22: 222. ♀.
clematiseilus (Cockerell). N. Mex., Ariz., Calif., Utah. Predator: Philanthus multimaculatus
Cam.

Halictus clematiseilus Cockerell, 1904. Canad. Ent. 36: 13. ♀.

Taxonomy: Cockerell, 1904. Entomologist 39: 6. ♂, ♀.

Dialictus coactus (Cresson)
Tex.

Halictus coactus Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 254. ♀.

Dialictus coeruleus (Robertson)
Minn, to Mass., south to Ga. Ecology: Nests in decomposed wood, but
has been induced to nest in the soil.
Halictus coeruleus Robertson, 1893. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 20: 146. ♀, ♂.

Biology: Knerer and Atwood, 1962. Ent. Soc. Ontario, Proc. 92: 167. — Stockhammer, 1967.
Kansas Ent. Soc, Jour. 40: 177-189 (life history). —Barrows, 1973. Kansas Ent. Soc, Jour.
46: 496-499 (induced soil nesting experimentation).

Dialictus comulus (Michener)
N. Mex.

Halictus comis Sandhouse, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 65 (19): 18. ♀. Preocc. by Vachal,

1911.
Lasioglossum (Chloralictus) comulum Michener, 1951. In Muesebeck, Krombein, Townes,
U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 1113. N. name.

Dialictus connexus (Cresson)
Wis., Tex.

Halictus connexus Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 253. ♀.

Dialictus coreopsis (Robertson)
111. and Mich, to Mass., south to Fla.

Halictus longiceps Robertson, 1892. Amer. Nat. 26: 272. ♀. Preocc. by Saunders, 1879.
Chloralictus cereopsis(l) Robertson, 1902. Canad. Ent. 34: 249. ♀.
Chloralictus coreopsis Robertson, 1902. Canad. Ent. 34: 250. ♂.

Lasioglossum (Chloralictus) robertsonellum Michener, 1951. In Muesebeck, Krombein,
Townes, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 1117. N. name.

Biology: Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 388-389, fig. 102 (synonymy,
redescription).

Dialictus crassiceps (Ellis)
N. Mex.

Halictus crassiceps Ellis, 1914. Ent. News 25: 103. ♀.

Dialictus creberrimus (Smith)
N. C. to Fla., La.

Halictus creberrimus Smith, 1853. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 72. ♀.

Halictus ashmeadii Robertson, 1892. Amer. Nat. 26: 271. ♀.

Halictus ashmeadi Cockerell, 1906. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 32: 294. Emend.

Dialictus cressonii (Robertson)
N. S. to N. C, west to Alta., Wash., and Colo. Ecology: Nests in rotten
wood above ground. Predator: Philanthus lepidus Cress., P. politus politus Say.

Halictus Cressonii Robertson, 1890. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 17: 317. ♀, ♂.

Halictus {Chloralictus) cressoni Viereck, 1916. Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey,
Bui. 22: 707. Emend.

Dialictus cyaneonotus (Crawford)
Nev.

Halictus cyaneonotus Crawford, 1907. Invertebrata Pacifica 1: 193. ♀.

Dialictus cyanurus (Cockerell)
Calif.

Halictus cyanurus Cockerell, 1936. Pan-Pacific Ent. 12: 157. ♀.

Dialictus daggetti (Cockerell)
Mexico (Baja California), near the border.

Halictus daggetti Cockerell, 1916. Canad. Ent. 48: 57. ♂.

Dialictus delectatus Mitchell
N. B. to N. C, W. Va., Ohio, Ont.

Dialictus delectatus Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 435. ♂.




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Dialictus disbanci Knerer and Atwood
Ont. and Que.

Dialictiis disbanci Knerer and Atwood, 1966. Canad. Ent 98: 882. ♀, ♂.

Dialictus disparilis (Cresson)
Kans., Tex., ?N. J., ?Alta., ?Nev.

Halictus disparilis Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 253. ♀.

Dialictus diversopunctatus (Ellis)
Idaho, Wash., Calif., Ariz.

Halictus diversopunctatus Ellis, 1914. Ent. News 25: 154. ♀.

Dialictus dreisbachi Mitchell
N. Y., Md., Mich., Minn.

Dialictus dreisbachi Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 391, fig. 101. ♀.
6.

Dialictus dubitatus Mitchell
N. Y. (Cortland Co.).

Dialictus dubitalus(\) Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 436. 6. Spelled

Dialictus dubitatus
***authority mismatch
in key (p. 376) and in index (p. 533).

Dialictus eophilius (Ellis)
N. Mex., Ariz.

Halictus eophilius Ellis, 1914. Ent. News 25: 153. ♀.

Dialictus evestigatus (Sandhouse)
Colo.

Halictus evestigatus Sandhouse, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 65 (19): 27. ♂.

Dialictus fattigi Mitchell
N. C, Ga.

Dialictus fattigi Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 392. ♀.

Dialictus flaveriae Mitchell
Fla.

Dialictus flaveriae Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 393, figs. 101, 102.
9,6.

Dialictus foveolatus (Robertson)
111., Mich.

Chloralictus foveolatus Robertson, 1902. Canad. Ent. 34: 250. ♂.

Dialictus genuinus (Sandhouse)
Ont. to N. C.

Halictus genuinus Sandhouse, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 65 (19): 36. ♂.

Dialictus grinnelli (Cockerell)
Calif.; Mexico (Baja California).

Halictus grinnelli Cockerell, 1916. Canad. Ent. 48: 56. ♀.

Dialictus halophitus (Graenicher)
N. C. to Fla., La.

Halictus halophitus Graenicher, 1927. Psyche 34: 206. ♀, ♂.

Halictus halophitus Graenicher, 1930. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 23: 156. Emend.

Dialictus hartii (Robertson)
Nebr., Minn, and 111. to La. and N. C.

Halictus hartii Robertson, 1892. Amer. Nat. 26: 268. ♀.

Halictus rugosus Crawford, 1902. Canad. Ent. 34: 237. ♀, ♂.

Dialictus hemimelas (Cockerell)
Colo., N. Mex.

Halictus hemimelas Cockerell, 1901. Psyche, 9: 285. ♀.

Dialictus heterognathus Mitchell
N. B. to Minn., south to N. C. and Tenn.

Dialictus heterognathus Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 397, figs. 95,
99. ♀.

Dialictus banksi Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 434, fig. 102. ♂.

Taxonomy: Knerer and Atwood, 1963. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 65: 167. 6. —Knerer and
Atwood, 1966. Canad. Ent. 98: 882 (synonymy).

Dialictus highlandicus Mitchell
N. C, Ont.

Dialictus highlandicus Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 398. ♀.

Dialictus hudsoniellus (Cockerell)
Colo., Ariz.

Halictus hudsoniellus Cockerell, 1919. Ent. News 30: 290. ♀.

Dialictus hunteri (Crawford)
Tex. to Calif.

Halictus hunteri Crawford, 1932. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 34: 72. ♀.

Dialictus hyalinus (Crawford)
Wash, to Utah, Ariz., Nev. and Calif.

Halictus hyalinus Crawford, 1907. Invertebrata Pacifica 1: 194. ♀.

Dialictus illinoensis (Robertson)
Nebr., and Minn, to N. S., south to Tex. and Ga.

Halictus illinoensis Robertson, 1892. Amer. Nat. 26: 271. ♀.

Halictus illi7ioisensis Smith, 1910. N. J. State Mus., Ann. Rpt. 1909, p. 688. Emend.

Halictus (Chloralictus) politissimus Cockerell, 1917. hi W. P. Cockerell, N. Y. Ent. Soc,
Jour. 25: 189. ♀.




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Dialictus imitatus (Smith)
New England and Que. west to Minn., south to Fla. and west to Calif.

(Riverside Co.). Parasite: Pai-alidus cephalotes (Dalla Torre), Pseudomethoca frigida
frigida (Sm.). Predator: PhUanthus albopilosus Cress., P. bilunatus Cress., P. gibbosus
(Fabr.), P. lepidus Cress., P. politus politjis Say, P. ventilabris Fabr.

Halictus imiiatus Smith, 1853. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 71. ♂.

Halictus inconspkiiits Smith, 1853. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 73. ♀.

Halictus stultus Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 254. ♀.

Chloralicius sparsus Robertson, 1902. Canad. Ent. 34: 249. ♀, ♂.

Halictus hortensis Lovell, 1905. Canad. Ent. 37: 39. ♀.

Taxonomy: Cockerell, 1905. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 31: 350 (as imitatus). — Cockerell, 1905.
Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 31: 349 (as inconspicuus). — Michener, 1953. Kansas Univ. Sci.
Bui. 35: 1027 (larva, as sparsus). — Knerer and Atwood, 1962. Ent. Soc. Ontario, Proc 92:
168.

Biology: Michener and Wille, 1961. Kansas Univ. Sci. Bui. 42: 1123-1202, 44 figs., 11 tables (as
inconspicuus).

Morphology: Knerer and Atwood, 1964. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 66: 111-112 (metanotal
anomaly).

Dialictus impavidus (Sandhouse)
Calif., Nev., Ariz.

Halictus impavidus Sandhouse, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 65 (19): 18. ♀.

Dialictus impurus (Cresson)
Tex.

Halictus impurus Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 252. ♀.

Dialictus incompletus (Crawford)
N. Mex., Nev., Calif. Predator: PhUanthus crabroniforvnis Sm., P.
gibbosus (Fabr.), P. pacificus arizonae Dunn.
Halictus incompletus Crawford, 1907. Invertebrata Pacifica 1: 195. ♀.

Taxonomy: Michener, 1936. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 19: 284. ♂.

Dialictus insolitus (Sandhouse)
Iowa.

Halictus insolitus Sandhouse, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 65 (19): 41. ♂.

Dialictus insulsus (Sandhouse)
N. Mex.

Halictus i7isulsus Sandhouse, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 65 (19): 29. ♂.

Dialictus intrepidus Mitchell
Ga. (Stone Mt.).

Dialictus intrepidus Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 437. ♂.

Dialictus jameseae (Cockerell)
Colo.

Halictus (Chloralicius) jameseae Cockerell, 1933. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 26: 41. ♂.

Dialictus junaluskensis Mitchell
N. C, N. Y., Mich., Minn.

Dialictus junaluskensis Mitchell, 1960 N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 437. ♂.
kunzei (Cockerell). Ariz., Calif.

Halictus Kunzei Cockerell, 1898. Canad. Ent. 30: 238. ♀.

Dialictus lactineus (Sandhouse)
Colo.

Halictus lactineus Sandhouse, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 65 (19): 34. ♂.

Dialictus laevissimus (Smith)
N. S. to Alta., south to Ga. and Calif. Predator: PhUanthus

crabroniformis (Sm.), P. gibbosus (Fabr.), P. lepidus Cress., P. pacificus arizonae Dunn.,
P. pulcher Dalla Torre.
Halictus laevissimus Smith, 1853. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 72. ♀.
Halictus levissimus Dalla Torre, 1896. Cat. Hym., v. 10, p. 68. Emend.
Halictus smilacinae Robertson, 1899. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 7: 322. ♀.
Halictus euryceps Ellis, 1914. Ent. News 25: 98. ♀.

Taxonomy: Knerer and Atwood, 1962. Canad. Ent. 94: 1228. ♂.

Biology: Brittain, 1933. Canada Dept. Agr. Bui. (n. s.) 162: 94 (as smilacinae). —Knerer and
Atwood, 1962. Ent. Soc. Ontario, Proc 92: 168.

Dialictus latus (Sandhouse)
Colo.

Halictus latus Sandhouse, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 65 (19): 20. ♀.

Dialictus lazulis (Ellis)
Colo.

Halictus lazulis Ellis, 1913. Ent. News 24: 207. ♀.




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Dialictus lectus Mitchell
Ga., D. C, N. J., Ind.

Dialktus lectus Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 438. ♂.

Dialictus leviensis Mitchell
N. C. to Fla.

Dialktus leviensis Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 403. ♀.

Dialictus lineatulus (Crawford)
Minn, to Newfoundland, south to Tex. and Ga. Predator: Philanthus
albopilosus Cress., P. gibbosus (Fabr.)., P. politus politus Say, P. solivagus Say.

Halictus lineatulus Crawford, 1906. Canad. Ent. 38: 5. ♀.

Halictus subcomiexus Ellis, 1915. Ent. News 26: 291. ♀.

Biology: Knerer and Atwood, 1962. Ent. Soc. Ontario, Proc. 92: 169.

Morphology: Knerer and Atwood, 1964. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 66: 111-112 (metanotal
anomaly).

Dialictus lionotus Sandhouse
Colo.

Dialictus lionotus Sandhouse, 1923. Canad. Ent. 55: 194. ♂.

Dialictus longicornis (Crawford)
Calif.

Halictus longicornis Crawford, 1907. Invertebrata Pacifica 1: 195. ♂.

Dialictus mactus (Sandhouse)
Colo.

Halictus mactus Sandhouse, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 65 (19): 37. ♂.

Dialictus malinus (Sandhouse)
Va.

Halictus maii7ius Sandhouse, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 65 (19): 40. ♂.

Dialictus marinensis (Michener)
Calif.

Halictus {Chloralictus) marinensis Michener, 1936. Pan-Pacific Ent. 12: 167. ♀.

Dialictus marinus (Crawford)
Mass. to Fla.

Halictus marinus Crawford, 1904. Ent. News 15: 99. ♀.

Taxonomy: Graenicher, 1927. Psyche 34: 204. 6. — Graenicher, 1930. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann.
23: 156.

Dialictus megastictus (Cockerell)
Calif. (San Miguel Island).

Halictus (Chloralictus) megastictus Cockerell, 1937. Pan-Pacific Ent. 13: 152. ♀, ♂.

Dialictus meritus (Sandhouse)
Colo.

Halictus meritus Sandhouse, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 65 (19): 19. ♀.

Dialictus merosus (Sandhouse)
N. Mex.

Halictus merosus Sandhouse, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 65 (19): 40. ♂.

Dialictus mesillensis (Cockerell)
Tex. to Nev. and Calif.; Mexico (Hidalgo).

Halictus nymphalis race mesillensis Cockerell, 1898. Denison Univ. Sci. Labs., Bui. 11: 47.
9. Republished by Cockerell, 1898. N. Mex. Univ., Bui. 1: 47. female.

Dialictus microlepoides (Ellis)
N. Mex., Ariz., Calif.; north. Mexico. Predator: Philanthus gibbosus
(Fabr.), P. multimaculatus Cam., P. ventilabris Fabr.
Halictus microlepoides Ellis, 1914. Ent. News 25: 152. ♀.

Biology: Alcock and Gamboa, 1975. Ariz. Acad. Sci. 10: 163 (predator).

Dialictus miniatulus Mitchell
Fla.

Dialictus miniatulus Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 405. ♀.

Dialictus mollis (Sandhouse)
Colo.

Halictus mollis Sandhouse, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 65 (19): 39. ♂.

Dialictus nevadensis (Crawford)
Ariz., Nev., Calif.; Mexico (Baja California).

Halictus nevadensis Crawford, 1907. Invertebrata Pacifica 1: 195. ♀.

Halictus (Chloralictus) pasadenae Michener, 1936. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 18: 285.
9,6.
Taxonomy: Timberlake In Michener, 1951. In Muesebeck, Krombein and Townes, U. S. Dept.

Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 1115 (synonymy).

Dialictus nigroviridis (Graenicher)
B. C. to N. B., south to Ga.

Halictus nigro-viridis Graenicher, 1910. Pub. Mus. City Milwaukee, Bui. 1: 233. ♀.

Dialictus novascotiae Mitchell
N. S. to New England.

Dialictus novascotiae Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 407. ♀.

Taxonomy: Knerer and Atwood, 1964. Ent. News 75: 5, fig. 1. ♂.




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Dialictus nymphaearum (Robertson)
Minn, and Kans. to N. S., south to Ga.

HalictHs palustris Robertson, 1890. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 17: 317. ♀, ♂. Preocc.

Halictus nymphaearum Robertson, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 117. N. name.

Halktua paludicola Dalla Torre, 1896. Cat. Hym., v. 10, p. 75. N. name.

Halictus oceanicus Cockerell, 1916. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 11: 11. ♀.

Dialictus nymphalis (Smith)
Minn, and Mass. south to Tex. and Fla.

Halictus 7iymphalis Smith, 1853. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 68. ♀.

Taxonomy: Cockerell, 1905. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 31: 352.

Dialictus oblongus (Lovell)
Colo., Minn, and N. S., south to N. Mex., La. and Ga. Ecology: Nests in
rotten wood above ground.
Halictus oblongus Lovell, 1905. Canad. Ent. 37: 40. ♀.
Halictus pla7iatus Lovell, 1905. Canad. Ent. 37: 300. ♀.

Taxonomy: Lovell, 1908. Psyche 15: 39. ♂.

Dialictus obnubilus (Sandhouse)
Colo.

Halictus {Chloralictus) obnubilus Sandhouse, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 65 (19): 28. ♂.

Dialictus obscurus (Robertson)
Minn, and 111. to Conn, and Ont., south to Ga. Predator: Philanthus
gibbosus (Fabr.).
Halictus obscurus Robertson, 1892. Amer. Nat. 26: 270. ♀.

Dialictus occidentalis Crawford
Colo., N. Mex.

Dialictus occidentalis Crawford, 1902. Canad. Ent. 34: 318. ♀.
Halictus galei Cockerell, 1919. Canad. Ent. 51: 272. ♀.

Dialictus oleosus (Cockerell)
Colo., N. Mex.

Halictus oleosus Cockerell, 1898. Denison Univ. Sci. Labs., Bui. 11: 47. 9. Republished by
Cockerell, 1898. N. Mex. Univ., Bui. 1: 47, female.
orbitatus Mitchell. Minn, to Conn, and Ont., south to N. C. and W. Va.

Dialictus orbitatus Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 440, fig. 101. ♂.

Dialictus ornduffi Hurd
Calif. Pollen: Apparently a narrowly polylectic visitor to the flowers of
Jepsonia heterandra, but also visits flowers of Compositae apparently for nectar.
Dialictus ornduffi Hurd, 1970. Pan-Pacific Ent. 46: 210. ♀, ♂.

Biology: Ornduff, 1971. Evolution 25: 300-311, 1 fig., 7 tables (role in pollination of Jepsonia
heterandra).

Dialictus otsegoensis Mitchell
Mich. (Otsego Co.).

Dialictus otsegoensis Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 440. ♂.

Dialictus pacatus (Sandhouse)
Colo.

Halictus pacatus Sandhouse, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 65 (19): 16. ♀.

Dialictus pallidellus (Ellis)
N. Mex., Utah, Calif.

Halictus pallidellus Ellis, 1914. Ent. News 25: 151. ♀.

Dialictus paradmirandus Knerer and Atwood
Ont.

Dialictus paradiuirandus Knerer and Atwood, 1966. Canad. Ent. 98: 886. ♀, ♂.

Dialictus paululus (Sandhouse)
Colo.

Halictus paululus Sandhouse, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 65 (19): 23. ♂.

Dialictus pavoninus (Ellis)
Colo.

Halictus pavoninus Ellis, 1913. Ent. News 24: 206. ♀.

pensitus'(Sandhouse). Colo.

Halictus pensitus Sandhouse, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 65 (19): 38. ♂.

Dialictus perdifficilis (Cockerell)
Colo., N. Mex.; north. Mexico.

Halictus perdifficilis Cockerell, 1895. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) 16: 68. ♀.
Halictus perfficilis(l) Cockerell, 1897. N. Mex. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 24: 19.

Taxonomy: Cockerell, 1901. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 7: 126.

Dialictus perexiguus (Sandhouse)
N. Mex.

Halictus perexiguus Sandhouse, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 65 (19): 26. ♂.

Dialictus perichlarus (Cockerell)
Calif.

Halictus (Chloralictus) perichlarus Cockerell, 1937. Pan-Pacific Ent. 13: 153. ♀, ♂.
Halictus perichlarus Cockerell, 1939. Calif. Acad. Sci., Proc. (4) 23: 428. Emend.




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Dialictus perparvus (Ellis)
Ariz., Calif.; Mexico. Predator: Philanthus multimaculatus Cam.

Halictus perparvus Ellis, 1914. Ent. News 25: 102. ♀.

Dialictus perpunctatulus Knerer and Atwood
Boreal Canada.

Dialictus perpunctatulus Knerer and Atwood, 1966. Canad. Ent. 98: 884. ♀, ♂.

Dialictus perpunctatus (Ellis)
N. B. to Ga., west to N. Mex., Colo, and Calif.

Halictus perpiinctatus Ellis, 1913. Ent. News 24: 210. ♀.

Halictus brycinci Crawford, 1932. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 34: 70. ♀.

Dialictus perspicuus Knerer and Atwood
Ont., south to N. Y., west to Minn.

Dialictus perspicuus Knerer and Atwood, 1966. Canad. Ent. 98: 883. ♀, ♂.

Dialictus petrellus
***authority mismatch
(Cockerel!). Calif.; Mexico (Baja California).

Halictus petrellus Cockerell, 1903. South. Calif. Acad. Sci., Bui. 2: 84. ♀.

Halictus coronadensis Cockerell, 1916. Canad. Ent. 48: 56. ♂.

Dialictus phaceliarum (Cockerell)
Colo.

Halictus phaceliarum Cockerell, 1919. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 27: 299. ♀.

Dialictus philanthanus Mitchell
N. C, N. Y., Mich., Ont. Predator: Philanthus sp.

Dialictus philanthanus Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 441. ♂.

Dialictus pictus (Crawford)
Nebr., Minn., Wis., Mich., 111., Ont.

Halictus pictus Crawford, 1902. Canad. Ent. 34: 236. ♀.

Halictus graenicheri Ellis, 1914. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 22: 221. ♀.

Dialictus muskegonensis Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 439. ♂.

Biology: Knerer and Atwood, 1962. Ent. Soc. Ontario, Proc. 92: 170.

Dialictus pikei (Sandhouse)
Colo.

Halictus pikei Sandhouse, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 65 (19): 28. ♂.

Dialictus pilosellus (Cockerell)
Calif.

Halictus pilosellus Cockerell, 1936. Pan-Pacific Ent. 12: 160. ♀.

Dialictus pilosicaudus (Cockerell)
Calif. (San Miguel Isl.).

Halictus (Chloralictus) pilosicaudus Cockerell, 1937. Pan-Pacific Ent. 13: 155. ♀.

Dialictus pilosus
***authority mismatch
floridanus (Robertson). N. C. to Fla.

Halictus floridanus Robertson, 1892. Amer. Nat. 26: 269. ♀.

Dialictus pilosus
***authority mismatch
pilosus (Smith). Colo, and Minn, to N. S., south, to Ga. Parasite: Sphecodes atlantis
Mitchell. Predator: Philanthus albopilosus, P. gibbosus (Fabr.), P. politus politus Say.

Halictus pilosus Smith, 1853. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 71. ♀.

Halictus pilosus var. leucocomus Lovell, 1908. Psyche 15: 37. ♀.

Halictus floridanus caesareus Cockerell, 1916. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 11: 11. ♀.

Taxonomy: Robertson, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 117. 6. —Cockerell, 1905. Amer.
Ent. Soc, Trans. 31: 351. -Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 152: 547.

Biology: Knerer and Atwood, 1962. Ent. Soc. Ontario, Proc. 92: 170.

Dialictus placidensis Mitchell
Fla.

Dialictus placidensis Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 441. ♂.

Dialictus praepes (Sandhouse)
Colo.

Halictus praepes Sandhouse, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 65 (19): 30. ♂.

Dialictus pruinosiformis (Crawford)
Alta., S. D., Iowa, Nebr., N. Mex., Tex., Ariz., Nev., Calif. Predator:
Philanthus multimaculatus Cam.

Halictus pruinosiformis Crawford, 1906. Canad. Ent. 38: 284. ♀, ♂.

Halictus glaucovirens Cockerell, 1919. Ent. News 30: 290. ♀.

Halictus exalbidus Sandhouse, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 65 (19): 24. ♂.

Dialictus pruinosus (Robertson)
New England states, south to N. J., west to Alta. and Ariz. Parasite:
Rhipiphorus fasciatus Say. Predator: Philanthus ventilabris Fabr.

Halictus pruinosus Robertson, 1892. Amer. Nat. 26: 269. ♀, ♂.

Biology: Melander and Brues, 1903. Biol. Bui. 5: 1.

Dialictus pseudotegularis (Cockerell)
N. Mex.; Mexico

Halictus pseudotegularis Cockerell, 1896. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) 18: 294. ♀.

Dialictus pudicus (Sandhouse)
Colo.

Halictus pudicus Sandhouse, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 65 (19): 33. ♂.




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Dialictus punctatoventris (Crawford)
Calif.; Mexico (Baja California).

Halictus punctatoventris Crawford, 1907. Invertebrata Pacifica 1: 196. ♀, ♂.

Dialictus punctiferellus (Cockerell)
Calif. (San Miguel Island).

Halictus (Chloralictus) punctiferellus Cockerell, 1937. Pan-Pacific Ent. 13: 154. ♀.

Dialictus raleighensis (Crawford)
N. C. to Fla.

Halictus raleighensis Crawford, 1932. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 34: 73. ♀.

Dialictus reticulatus (Robertson)
111. and Mich, to Maine, south to Fla.

H ilictus fulvipes Smith, 1853. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 67. ♀. Preocc.

Halictus reticulatus Robertson, 1892. Amer. Nat. 26: 268. ♀.

Halictus rkododactylus Dalla Torre, 1896. Cat. Hym., v. 10, p. 80. 9. N. name.

Taxonomy: Cockerell, 1905. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 31: 351. —Mitchell, 1958. In Krombein,
U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2, sup. 1: 230. (synonymy).

Dialictus rhodognathus (Cockerell)
Tex.

Halictus {Chloralictus) rhodognathus Cockerell, 1917. In W. P. Cockerell, N. Y. Ent. Soc,
Jour. 25: 190. ♀.

Dialictus richardsoni (Cockerell)
Alta.

Halictus (Chloralictus) richardsoni Cockerell, 1937. Canad. Ent. 69: 113. ♀.
rohwcri (Ellis). Minn, to Maine and Ont., south to Ga. Parasite: Pseudomethoca frigida frigida
(Sm.). Predator: Philanthus gibbosus (P.).

Halictus subconnexus rohweri Ellis, 1915. Ent. News 26: 292. ♀.

Taxonomy: Knerer and Atwood, 1962. Canad. Ent. 94: 1230. ♂.

Biology: Knerer and Atwood, 1962. Ent. Soc. Ontario, Proc. 92: 171. —Breed, 1975. Kansas
Ent. Soc, Jour. 48: 64-80, 3 figs., 7 tables (life cycle, behavior).

Dialictus rufulipes (Cockerell)
Sask.

Halictus (Chloralictus) rufulipes Cockerell, 1938. Amer. Mus. Novitates 983: 3. ♀.

Dialictus ruidosensis (Cockerell)
Colo., N. Mex., Ariz. Predator: Philanthus pacificus arizonae Dunn.,
P. pulcher Dalla Torre.

Halictus ruidosensTs Cockerell, 1897. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) 20: 142. ♀, ♂.

Dialictus sagax (Sandhouse)
Colo.

Halictus sagax Sandhouse, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 65 (19): 25. ♂.

Dialictus sandhouseae (Michener)
Colo., Minn., Ont.

Halictus occultus Sandhouse, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 65 (19): 27. ♂. Preocc. by

Vachal, 1904.
Lasioglossum (Chloralictus) sandhouseae Michener, 1951. In Muesebeck, Krombein,

Townes, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 1117. N. name.

Taxonomy: Knerer and Atwood, 1964. Ent. News 75: 7. (female).

Dialictus scrophulariae (Cockerell)
Colo.

Halictus (Chloralicttis) scrophulariae Cockerell, 1906. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 22: 428.
9.

Dialictus sedi (Sandhouse)
Calif., Oreg., Colo.

Halictus sedi Sandhouse, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 65 (19): 12. ♀.

Taxonomy: Timberlake In Michener, 1958. In Krombein, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2,
Sup. 1: 230 (tax. status).

Dialictus semibrunneus (Cockerell)
N. Mex.

Halictus semibrunneus Cockerell, 1895. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) 16: 67. ♀.

Dialictus semicaeruleus (Cockerell)
N. Mex.

Halictus semicaeruleus Cockerell, 1895. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) 16: 66. ♀.

Dialictus solidaginis Mitchell
Mich, to Maine, south to Ind., W. Va., and N. Y.

Dialictus solidaginis Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 443, fig. 102. ♂.

Dialictus stictaspis Sandhouse
N. Mex.

Dialictus stictaspis Sandhouse, 1923. Canad. Ent. 55: 195. ♂.

Dialictus stuartensis Mitchell
Fla. (Stuart).

Dialictus stuartensis Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 419. ♀.




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Dialictus subversans Mitchell
Mich., N. Y.

Dialidus subversans Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 419. ♀.

Dialictus subviridatus (Cockerell)
Sask.

Halictus (Chloralictus) subviridatus Cockerell, 1938. Amer. Mus. Novitates 983: 2. ♀, ♂.

Dialictus succinipennis (Ellis)
Colo.

Halictus succinipennis Ellis, 1913. Ent. News 24: 205. ♀.

Dialictus supraclypeatus Mitchell
Va., Mich., Tenn., Mo.

Dialictus supraclypeatus Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 420, fig. 99.
9.

Dialictus surianae Mitchell
Fla.

Dialictus surianae Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 420. ♀.

Dialictus tahitensis Mitchell
Fla. (Tahiti Beach).

Dialictus tahitensis Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 421. ♀.

Dialictus tamiamensis Mitchell
Fla.

Dialictus tamiamensis Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 421, figs. 98,
101, 102. ♀, ♂.

Dialictus tarponensis Mitchell
Fla., Ga.

Dialictus tarponensis Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 423. ♀.

Dialictus tegulariformis (Crawford)
Idaho, Utah, Nev., N. Mex., Ariz., Calif.; Mexico (Baja California).
Predator: Philanthus pacificus arizonae Dunn.
Halictus tegulariformis Crawford, 1907. Invertebrata Pacifica 1: 194. ♀, ♂.
Halictus helianthi Cockerell, 1916. Canad. Ent. 48: 77. ♀.
Halictus gaudialis Sandhouse, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 65 (19): 23. ♂.

Taxonomy: Michener, 1936. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 18: 283. ♂.

Biology: Timberlake In Michener, 1951. In Muesebeck, Krombein, Townes, U. S. Dept. Agr.,

Agr. Monog. 2: 1118 (synonymy).

Dialictus tegularis (Robertson)
Minn, to N. H., south to Tex. and Fla.; recorded probably erroneously
from Mont., Colo., Calif., and Mexico. Predator: Philanthus lepidus Cress.

Halictus tegularis Robertson, 1890. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 17: 318. ♀, ♂.

Halictus ellisiae Sandhouse, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 65 (19): 11. ♀.

Halictus lepidii Graenicher, 1927. Psyche 34: 204. ♀, ♂.

Dialictus tenax (Sandhouse)
Colo.

Halictus tenax Sandhouse, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 65 (19): 15. ♀.

Dialictus tenuis (Ellis)
Colo.

Halictus tenuis Ellis, 1913. Ent. News 24: 208. ♀.

Dialictus testaceus (Robertson)
N. C, Wis., 111., N. Dak.

Halictus testaceus Robertson, 1897. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 7: 323. ♀.

Dialictus theodori Crawford
N. Mex.

Dialictus Theodori Crawford, 1902. Canad. Ent. 34: 318. ♀.

Dialictus tranquillus (Sandhouse)
N. Mex.

Halictus tranquillus Sandhouse, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 65 (19): S2. 6. J

unieus (Sandhouse). Minn., Mich., N. H., Ont., Va., N. C. s

Halictus unieus Sandhouse, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 65 (19): 21. ♀.

Dialictus vanduzeei (Sandhouse and Cockerell)
South. Calif. (Inyo County); Mexico (Baja California).

Halictus vanduzeei Sandhouse and Cockerell, 1924. Calif. Acad. Sci., Proc. (4) 13: 334. ♀.

Dialictus veganus (Cockerell)
N. Mex., Calif.

Halictus veganus Cockerell, 1901. Psyche 9: 286. ♀.

Dialictus versans (Lovell)
Minn, to Newfoundland, south to Ga.; reportedly introduced in vicinity of San
Francisco. Predator: Philanthus lepidus Cress., P. solivagus Say.

Halictus versans Lovell, 1905. Canad. Ent. 37: 39. ♀ (♂ misdet.).

Halictus consonus Sandhouse, 1924. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 65 (19): 30. ♂.

Dialictus versatus (Robertson)
Minn, to Ont., south to Ga. and La. Parasite: Pseudoviethoca frigida
frigida (Sm.)? Predator: Philanthus ventilabris Fabr.

Chloralictus versatus Robertson, 1902. Canad. Ent. 34: 249. ♀, ♂.




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Biology: Michener, 1966. Kansas Ent. See, Jour. 39: 193-217 (bionomics).

Dialictus vierecki (Crawford)
Minn, to New England, south to La. and Ga.
Halictus vierecki Crawford, 1904. Ent. News 15: 97. ♀.

Taxonomy: Graenicher, 1910. Canad. Ent. 42: 158. ♂.

Dialictus viridatulus (Cockerell)
Colo., Calif.

Halictus viridatulus Cockerell, 1919. Ent. News 30: 290. ♀.

Dialictus viridatus (Lovell)
Minn, to N. S., south to La. and Ga.

Halictus viridatus Lovell, 1905. Canad. Ent. 37: 300. ♀.

Dialictus lepidus Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 438. ♂.

Taxonomy: Mitchell, 1962. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 152: 547.

Biology: Atwood, 1933. Canad. Jour. Res. 9: 453.

Dialictus weemsi Mitchell
N. C, Ga.

Dialictus weemsi Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 431, fig. 99. ♀.

Dialictus wheeleri Mitchell
Mass. (Forest Hills).

Dialictus wheeleri Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 445. ♂.

Dialictus zephyrus (Smith)
Maine to Ga., west to Minn., Colo, and Tex., Utah, Oreg. Parasite: Paralictus
cephalotes (Dalla Torre), Pseudomethoca frigida (Sm.). Predator: Philanthus gibbosus
(F.).
Halictus zephyrus Smith, 1853. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 2, p. 68. ♂.

Taxonomy: Robertson, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 117. 9. —Cockerell, 1905. Amer.
Ent. Soc, Trans. 31: 352. ♂.

Biology: Rau, 1922. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 24 (7): 1. — Rau, 1926. Acad. Sci. St. Louis,
Trans. 25: 157. — LaBerge and Isakson, 1963. Ent. News 74: 113-116. —Lin, 1964. Ins.
Sociaux 11: 187-192 (reaction to mutillid parasitism). — Batra, 1964. Ins. Sociaux 11:
159-186, 20 figs, (behavior). —Batra, 1965. Kansas Ent. Soc, Jour. 38: 367-389 (associated
organisms). —Batra, 1966. Kansas Univ. Sci. Bui 46: 359-423 (life cycle, behavior).
—Michener and Brothers, 1971. Kansas Ent. Soc, Jour. 44: 236-239. —Michener, Brothers
and Kamm, 1971. Kansas Ent. Soc, Jour. 44: 276-279 (queen-worker relationships).
—Michener, Brothers and Kamm, 1971. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., Proc 68: 1241-1245
(interactions within colonies). —Bell, 1973. Ins. Sociaux 20: 189-196. -Bell, 1973. Ins.
Sociaux 20: 253-260 (factors controlling initiation of vitellogenesis). —Barrows and Snyder,
1973. Ent. News 84: 314-316. —Kamm, 1974. Kansas Ent. Soc, Jour. 47: 8-18 (effects of
temperature, day length and number of adults on size of cells and offspring). —Brothers
and Michener, 1974. Jour. Compar. Physiol. 90: 129-168 (ethometry of division of labor).
—Brothers, 1974. Acad. Natl. Sci. U. S. A., Proc. 71: 671-674 (origin of altruism). -Bell,
Breed, Richards and Michener, 1974. Jour. Compar. Physiol. 93: 173-181 (nest defense).
—Bell and Hawkins, 1974. Jour. Compar. Physiol. 13: 183-193 (nest defense). —Bell, 1974.
Jour. Compar. Physiol. 13: 195-202 (intraspecific defense of nests). —Barrows, 1975.
Behavioral Biol. 15: 57-64 (female odor production, male response). —Kumar, 1975. Kansas
Ent. Soc, Jour. 48: 374-380, 3 tables (cell size). —Barrows, Bell, and Michener, 1975. Natl.
Acad. Sci. U. S. A., Proc. 72: 2824-2828 (individual odor differences and their social
functions). —Breed and Gamboa, 1977. Science 195: 694-696, 2 figs, (behavioral control of
workers by queens).

Dialictus zophops (Ellis)
Colo.

Halictus zophops Ellis, 1914. Ent. News 25: 97. ♀.

Genus PARALICTUS Robertson

Paralictus Robertson, 1901. Canad. Ent. 33: 299.

Type-species: Halictus cephalotes Dalla Torre. Orig. desig. {=Halictus cephalicus
Robertson).
Members of this genus are believed to be inquilines in the nests of the genus Dialictus.

Taxonomy: Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 445-450, figs. 103, 104, table
13 (included species).




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Paralictus asteris Mitchell
N. Y. to N. C, west to Mich., Ind. and Tenn. Ecology: Visits flowers of Aster
and Robinia.
Paralictvs asteris Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 446. ♀, ♂.

Paralictus cephalotes (Dalla Torre)
Minn, to Conn., south to N. C. Ecology: Visits flowers of Gonolobus
laevis, Leucanthemum, Salix nigra. Host: Dialictus imitatus (Sm.).
Halictus cephalicus Robertson, 1892. Amer. Nat. 26: 270. ♀, ♂. Preocc.
Halictus cephalotes Dalla Torre, 1896. Cat. Hym., v. 10, p. 57. N. name.

Paralictus michiganensis Mitchell
Mich. (Wayne Co.).

Paralictus viichigayiensis Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 148. ♀.

Paralictus platyparius (Robertson)
Minn., Mich., and Md., south to N. C. Ecology: Visits flowers of Aster,
Cucurbita, Erigeron, Gyiaphalium, Gonolobus, Koellia, Rhus, Salix, Solidago,
Taraxacum, Zanthoxylum, Zizia.
Halictus platyparius Robertson, 1895. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 22: 117. ♀.

Paralictus simplex Robertson
Mich, to Mass., south to N. C. Ecology: Visits flowers of Achillea,
Ranunculus, Rubus, Solidago, Zizia.
Paralictus simplex Robertson, 1901. Canad. Ent. 33: 230. ♀.

Genus SPHECODES Latreille

Sphecodes Latreille, 1804. Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., v. 24, p. 182.

Type-species: Sphex gibba Linnaeus. Monotypic.
Dichroa Illiger, [1806]. Mag. Insektenk. 5: 39.

Type-species: Sphex gibba Linnaeus. Desig. by Sandhouse, 1943.
Sabulicola Verhoeff, 1890. Ent. Nachr. 16: 328.

Type-species: Sabulicola cirsii Verhoeff. Monotypic.
Drepanium Robertson, 1903. Ent. News 14: 103.

Type-species: Sphecodes falcifer Patton. Monotypic.
Proteraner Robertson, 1903. Ent. News 14: 103.

Type-species: Sphecodes ranunculi Robertson. Monotypic.
Sphecodium Robertson, 1903. Ent. News 14: 104.

Type-species: Sphecodes mandibularis Cresson. Orig. desig. (=Sphecodium
cresso7iii Robertson).
Machaeris Robertson, 1903. Ent. News 14: 104.

Type-species: Sphecodes stygius Robertson. Orig. desig.
Dialonia Robertson, 1903. Ent. News 14: 104.

Type-species: Sphecodes antennariae Robertson. Monotypic and orig. desig.
Sphecodes subg. Microsphecodes Eickwort and Stage, 1972. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 45: 501.

Type-species: Sphecodes kathleenae Eickwort. Orig. desig.

This is a large and nearly worldwide genus of parasitic bees. While most of the species are
cleptoparasites in the nests of other Halictinae, some are parasitic in the nests of certain species
of Andrenidae and Colletidae. The adults visit a wide variety of flowers often in the company of
their pollen collecting hosts.

There are obviously several subgenera of the genus Sphecodes represented in the Nearctic
Region and some of the names cited above are available. However, until further studies are
made, it is not possible to estabHsh the limits of the subgenera present in our area.

Taxonomy: Robertson, 1903. Ent. News 14: 103 (Illinois species). — Cockerell, 1907. Ann. and
Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 20: 450-451 (key to large species). — Lovell and Cockerell, 1907. Psyche
14: 101 (Maine species). —Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 469-506
(eastern U. S. spp.). -Torchio, 1975. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 48: 264-265, 269-275, 278-279,
figs. 15-18, 27 (life history, larvae, pupae).

Sphecodes antennariae Robertson
Wis. and Mich, to N. C.

Sphecodes antennariae Robertson, 1891. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 18: 63. ♀.

Sphecodes aroniae Mitchell
Va., N. C.

Sphecodes aroniae Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 474. ♀, ♂.

Sphecodes arroyanus Cockerell
Alta., N. D., Colo., N. Mex., Calif.

Sphecodes arroyanus Cockerell, 1904. Entomologist 37: 231. ♀.




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Sphecodes arvensiformis Cockerell
Colo., Utah, Oreg., Calif. Host: Halictus farinosus Sm.
Sphecodes an'ensiformis Cockerell, 1904. In Viereck, Canad. Ent. 36: 232. ♀.
Sphecodes levequeae Cockerell, 1929. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (10) 4: 296. ♀.

Taxonomy: Cockerell, 1925. Calif. Acad. Sci., Proc. (4) 14: 191. ♂.

Sphecodes asclepiadis Cockerell
N. Mex.

Sphecodes asclepiadis Cockerell, 1898. Denison Univ. Sci. Labs., Bui. 11: 45. ♀.
Republished by Cockerell, 1898. N. Mex. Univ., Bui. 1: 45. female.

Sphecodes atlantis Mitchell
Vt. and Mass., south to Fla., west to Tex., Ark., Tenn., Mich., Minn. Host:
Dialictus pilosus pilosus (Sm.).

Sphecodes atlayitis Mitchell, 1956. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc, Jour. 72: 221. ♀, ♂.

Sphecodes autumnalis Mitchell
Mich., Ont. and N. Y., south to N. C.

Sphecodes autumnalis Mitchell, 1956. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc, Jour. 72: 209. ♀, ♂.

Sphecodes banksii Lovell
Minn, to N. Y., south to Fla.

Sphecodes bayiksii Lovell, 1909. Ent. News 20: 416. ♀.

Sphecodes borealis Cockerell
Sask.

Sphecodes borealis Cockerell, 1937. Amer. Mus. Novitates 909: 2. ♂.

Sphecodes brachycephalus Mitchell
N. C. to Fla. Host: Calliopsis andreniformis Sm?

Sphecodes brachycephalus Mitchell, 1956. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc, Jour. 72: 207. ♀, ♂.

Sphecodes californicus Meyer
Calif.; Mexico.

Sphecodes californicus Meyer, 1922. Arch. Naturgesch. 88 (Abt. A, Heft. 8): 173. ♀.

Sphecodes carolinus Mitchell
Minn, to Maine, south to Tenn. and N. C.

Sphecodes carolinus Mitchell, 1956. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc, Jour. 72: 219. ♀.

Sphecodes castaneae Mitchell
Va. (Falls Church).

Sphecodes castaneae Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 480. ♀.

Sphecodes clematidis Robertson
Man. and Kans. to N. S., south to N. C.

Sphecodes clematidis Robertson, 1897. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 7: 320. ♀, ♂.
Sphecodes obscurans Lovell and Cockerell, 1907. Psyche 14: 103. ♀.
Sphecodes australis Mitchell, 1956. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc, Jour. 72: 213. ♂.

Sphecodes columbiae Cockerell
Wash.

Sphecodes columbiae Cockerell, 1906. Canad. Ent. 38: 280. ♀.

Sphecodes confertus Say
Minn, and Colo to N. S., Tex. and Ga.

Sphecodes confertus Say, 1837. Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 392.
Sphecodes falcifer Patton, 1880. Amer. Ent. 1: 230. ♀, ♂.
Drepanum falciferum Robertson, 1903. Ent. News 14: 105. ♀, ♂.
Sphecodes pithanus Lovell, 1909. Ent. News 20: 122. ♀.

Taxonomy: Robertson, 1897. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 7: 317. ♂, ♀.
coronas Mitchell. Minn, to Que. and New England, south to N. C.

Sphecodes coronus Mitchell, 1956. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc, Jour. 72: 215. ♂.

Sphecodes canadensis Mitchell. 1956. Elisha Mitchell. Sci. Soc, Jour. 72: 218. ♂.

Sphecodes crawfordi Mitchell
N. C. (Bryson City).

Sphecodes crawfordi Mitchell, 1956. Elisha Mitchell, Sci. Soc, Jour. 72: 217. ♀.

Sphecodes cressonii (Robertson)
Minn, and Ont. to New England, south to Mo. and N. C.

Sphecodium cressonii Robertson, 1903. Ent. News 14: 106. ♀, ♂.

Sphecodes nephelotus Lovell and Cockerell, 1907. Psyche 14: 106. ♂.

Sphecodes nubilus Lovell, 1909. Ent. News 20: 124, 417. Error for nephelotus.

Sphecodes heterurus Lovell, 1911. Ent. News 22: 212. ♀.

Sphecodes davisii Robertson
Minn, and Ont. to N. Y. and New England. Predator: Philanthus solivaguf
Say.

Sphecodes davisii Robertson, 1897. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 7: 319. ♂.

Taxonomy: Graenicher, 1910. Canad. Ent. 42: 159. ♂, ♀.

Sphecodes dichrous Smith
Minn, to N. S., south to Mo. and Ga. Host: Halictus rubicundus (Chr.).
Predator: Philanthus gibbosus (Fabr.).
Sphecodes dichroa Smith, 1853. Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 38. 9 (not male).
Sphecodes ar^ensis Patton, 1880. Amer. Ent. 1: 230. ♀, ♂.




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^Halictus scabrosus Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13: 200. ♂.

Sphecodes lautus Lovell and Cockerell, 1907. Psyche 14: 103. ♀.

Sphecodes (Sphecodes) macfarlandi Viereck, 1909. Ent. News 20: 292. ♀.

Sphecodes eustictus Cockerell
Wash., Colo.

Sphecodes eustictus Cockerell, 1906. Canad. Ent. 38: 162. ♀.

Sphecodes exaltus Mitchell
N. C. (Southern Pines).

Sphecodes exaltus Mitchell, 1956. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc, Jour. 72: 217. ♀.

Sphecodes fattigi Mitchell
Fla. (Gainesville).

Sphecodes fattigi Mitchell, 1956. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc, Jour. 72: 220. ♂.

Sphecodes fortior Cockerell
N. Mex., Ariz., Calif.

Sphecodes fortior Cockerell, 1898. Denison Univ. Sci. Labs., Bui. 11: 44. 9. RepubHshed by
Cockerell, 1898. N. Mex. Univ., Bui. 1: 44. female.

Biology: Newberry, 1899. Psyche 9: 94.

Sphecodes fragariae Cockerell
Colo., N. Mex. Host: Perdita nuda CklL?

Sphecodes fragariae Cockerell, 1903. In Viereck, Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 29: 99.

Sphecodes galerus Lovell and Cockerell
N. H. and Vt. to Va.

Sphecodes galerus Lovell and Cockerell, 1907. Psyche 14: 106. ♀.

Sphecodes heraclei
***authority mismatch
heraclei Robertson. 111. to New England south to Ala. and Fla.

Sphecodes heraclei Robertson, 1897. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 7: 318. ♀.

Sphecodes heraclei
***authority mismatch
ignitus Cockerell. Ala., Fla.

Sphecodes ignitus Cockerell, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 60 (18): 13. ♂.

Sphecodes hesperellus Cockerell
Wash., Oreg., Calif.

Sphecodes (Sphecodes) hesperellus Cockerell, 1904. In Viereck, Canad. Ent. 36: 232. ♀.

Sphecodes hudsoni Cockerell
Hudson's Bay, Canada.

Sphecodes hudsoni Cockerell, 1913. Canad. Ent. 45: 12. ♀.

Sphecodes hydrangeae Mitchell
Conn, to N. C.

Sphecodes hydrangeae Mitchell, 1956. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc, Jour. 72: 214. ♂.

Sphecodes illinoensis (Robertson)
Minn, and Ont. to New England, south to N. C.

Machaeris illinoensis Robertson, 1903. Ent. News 14: 107. ♀.

Sphecodes johnsonii Lovell
Que. and N. B., south to N. C.

Sphecodes johnsonii Lovell, 1909. Ent. News 20: 122. ♀.

Sphecodes kincaidii Cockerell
Wash.

Sphecodes kiiicaidii Cockerell, 1898. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 50: 56. ♀.

Sphecodes knetschi Cockerell
111. to New England, south to N. C.

Sphecodes knetschi Cockerell, 1898. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 25: 186. ♀, ♂.

Sphecodes lautipennis Cockerell
Sask., N. D., Mont., Wash., Colo., Calif.

Sphecodes lautipennis Cockerell, 1908. Entomologist 41: 60. ♂.

Sphecodes levis Lovell and Cockerell
Minn, and Ont. to Maine, south to Tenn. and N. C.

Sphecodes levis Lovell and Cockerell, 1907. Psyche 14: 105. ♀, ♂.

Sphecodes mandibularis Cresson
Colo., Kans., N. Mex., Calif.

Sphecodes mandibularis Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 250. ♀.

Sphecodes manni Cockerell
Wash.

Sphecodes manni Cockerell, 1913. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 11: 63. ♀.

inillsi Cockerell. Colo.

Sphecodes millsi Cockerell, 1919. Ent. News 30: 288. ♂.

Sphecodes minor Robertson
Alta. to Maine, south to N. C. and Miss.

Sphecodes minor Robertson, 1898. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 8: 45. ♀.

Sphecodes nigricans
***authority mismatch
miguelensis Timberlake. Cahf. (San Miguel Island).

Sphecodes nigncans miguelensis Timberlake, 1940. South. Calif. Acad. Sci., Bui. 39: 193. ♂.

Sphecodes nigricans
***authority mismatch
nigricans Timberlake. Calif.

Sphecodes nigricans Timberlake, 1940. South. Calif. Acad. Sci., Bui. 39: 192. ♂.

Sphecodes nigricorpus Mitchell
Conn. (Colebrook).

Sphecodes nigricorpus Mitchell, 1956. EHsha Mitchell Sci. Soc, Jour. 72: 220. ♂.




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Sphecodes nitidissimus Cockerell
Colo.

Sphecodes (Sphecodium) nitidissimus Cockerell, 1910. Canad. Ent. 42: 367. ♂.

Sphecodes olympicus Cockerell
Wash.

Sphecodes (Drepaniinn) Olympicus Cockerell, 1904. In Viereck, Canad. Ent. 36: 230. ♀.

Sphecodes paraplesius Lovell
R. I.

Sphecodes paraplesius Lovell, 1911. Ent. News 22: 212. ♀.

Sphecodes patruelis Cockerell
Wash. Predator: Philanthus crahroniformis Sm.

Sphecodes patruelis Cockerell, 1913. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 11: 61. 2, 6.

Sphecodes pecosensis
***authority mismatch
pecosensis Cockerell. Colo., N. Mex.

Sphecodes pecosensis Cockerell, 1904. Entomologist 37: 5. ♀.

Proteraner leptanthi Cockerell, 1904. Entomologist 37: 232. ♂.

Taxonomy: Cockerell, 1906. Canad. Ent. 38: 165. -Cockerell, 1909. Canad. Ent. 41: 219. ♀, ♂.
— Timberlake, 1951. In Muesebeck, Krombein and Townes, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog.
2: 1122 (synonymy).

Sphecodes pecosensis
***authority mismatch
salicis Cockerell. Calif.

Sphecodes pecosensis salicis Cockerell, 1922. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (9) 10: 547. ♀.

Sphecodes perlustrans Cockerell
N. Mex.

Sphecodes pertustrans Cockerell, 1898. Denison Univ. Sci. Labs., Bui. 11: 45. ♀.
Republished by Cockerell, 1898. N. Mex. Univ., Bui. 1: 45. female.

Sphecodes persimilis Lovell and Cockerell
Mich, to N. Y., R. I., Maine.

Sphecodes persimilis Lovell and Cockerell, 1907. Psyche 14: 103. ♀.

Sphecodes pimpinellae Robertson
111. to Kans. south to Va. and N. C. Host: Augochlora persimilis
(Vier.), A. striata (Prov.).
Sphecodes pimpinellae Robertson, 1900. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 10: 51. ♀.
Sphecodes distolus Lovell, 1909. Ent. News 20: 416. ♀.

Biology: Ordway, 1964. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 37: 139-152, 5 figs, (parasitic relationships;
probable male).

Sphecodes politulus Cockerell
Sask.

Sphecodes politulus Cockerell, 1937. Amer. Mus. Novitates 909: 3. ♂.

Sphecodes prosphorus Lovell and Cockerell
Minn, to N. S., south to N. C.

Sphecodes prosphorus Lovell and Cockerell, 1907. Psyche 14: 404. ♀, ♂.

Sphecodes prostygius Mitchell
N. H., Fla.

Sphecodes prostygius Mitchell, 1960. N. C. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bui. 141: 499. ♀.

Sphecodes pulsatillae Cockerell
Colo.

Sphecodes hesperellus pulsatillae Cockerell, 1906. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 18: 75. ♀.

Sphecodes pusillus Cockerell
Sask.

Sphecodes pusillus Cockerell, 1937. Amer. Mus. Novitates 909: 3. ♂.

Sphecodes pycnanthemi Robertson
111., Colo.

Sphecodes pycnanthemi Robertson, 1897. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 7: 320. ♀.

Sphecodes ranunculi Robertson
Minn, to Maine, south to N. C, Kans., ?Ariz.

Sphecodes ranunculi Robertson, 1897. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 7: 318. ♀, ♂.

Sphecodes rhois (Cockerell)
Colo., N. Mex., Ariz.; Mexico.

Proteraner rhois Cockerell, 1904. Entomologist 37: 233. ♂.

Sphecodes rohweri Cockerell
Colo., N. Mex.

Sphecodes (Machaeris) Rohweri Cockerell, 1907. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 20: 450. ♀.

Sphecodes semicoloratus (Cockerell)
N. Mex.

Halictus semicoloratus Cockerell, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 168. ♀.

Sphecodes shawi Lovell
N. H.

Sphecodes shawi Lovell, 1911. Ent. News 22: 212. ♀.

Sphecodes smilacinae Robertson
Minn., 111.

Sphecodes smilacinae Robertson, 1897. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 7: 321. ♀.

Sphecodes solidaginis Cockerell
Sask.

Sphecodes solidaginis Cockerell, 1937. Amer. Mus. Novitates 909: 2. ♂.




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Sphecodes solonis Graenicher
Minn., Ont., and New England.

Sphecodes solonis Graenicher, 1910. Pub. Mus. City Milwaukee, Bui. 1: 229. ♂, ♀.

Sphecodes morsei Mitchell, 1956. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc, Jour. 72: 213. ♀.

Sphecodes packardi Mitchell, 1956. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc, Jour. 72: 216. ♂.

Sphecodes sophiae Cockerell
Colo., N. Mex., Ariz., Calif.

Sphecodes sophiae Cockerell, 1898 Denison Univ. Sci. Labs., Bui. 11: 44. 9. Republished by
Cockerell, 1898. N. Mex. Univ., Bui. 1: 44. female.

Sphecodes stygius Robertson
Minn, to Que. and New England, south to Fla.

Sphecodes stygius Robertson, 1893. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 20: 145. ♀, ♂.

Taxonomy: Robertson, 1897. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 7: 317. ♂, ♀.

Sphecodes sulcatulus Cockerell
Colo. Predator: Philanthus crabroniformis Sm.

Sphecodes sulcatulus Cockerell. 1906. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bui. 22: 426. ♀.

Sphecodes texana Cresson
Tex.

Sphecodes texana Cresson, 1872. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 4: 249. ♀, ♂.

Sphecodes townesi Mitchell
Mich, and N. Y. to N. C.

Sphecodes townesi Mitchell, 1956. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc, Jour. 72: 212. ♀.

Sphecodes trentonensis Cockerell
N. Y.

Sphecodes trentonensis Cockerell, 1913. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 11: 62. ♀.

Sphecodes veganus Cockerell
N. Mex.

Sphecodes veganus Cockerell, 1904. Entomologist 37: 5. ♀.

Sphecodes washingtoni Cockerell
Wash.

Sphecodes (Machaeris) V/ashingtoni Cockerell, 1904. In Viereck, Canad. Ent. 36: 231. ♀.

Sphecodes wheeleri Mitchell
N. Y. and Conn., south to N. C, ?Kans. Probable male of pimpinellae Robt.

Sphecodes wheeleri Mitchell, 1956. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc, Jour. 72: 210. ♀, ♂.

Unplaced Taxa of Tribe Halictini

The following species cannot be placed as to genus from existing descriptions.

Halictns arctous Vachal, 1904. Soc Hist. Arch. Correze, Bui. 26: 480. d. B. C.
Parasphecodes Califomica Provancher, 1896. Nat. Canad. 23: 8. 9. Calif.
Halictus crassicomis Kirby, 1837. In Richardson, Fauna Bor.-Amer., v. 4, p. 267. 9. Canada.
Halictus distinguendus Dalla Torre, 1896. Cat. Hym., v. 10, p. 60. N. name for Halictus
distinctus Provancher, 1882. Nat. Canad. 13: 200. male. ?Que. Preocc.


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