Page 1521 • Top • -1 • +1 • Original • Database of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico • Highertaxa
Vespula sulphurea (Saussure)
Oreg., Calif., Nev., Ariz.; Mexico (Baja California). Ecology: Nests are
subterranean.
Vespa sulphurea Saussure, 1854. Etudes sur la famille des Vespides 2: 137. ♀.
Biology: Bequaert, 1931. Ent. Amer. (n. s.) 12: 112 (nest).
Vespula vidua (Saussure)
N. S., N. B., Ont., in northeastern U. S. from Maine to N. Dak., south to Va.
and Iowa, south in Appalachian Mts. to N. C, Ga., mostly in Transition and U. Austral
Zones. Ecology: Nests are subterranean. Parasite: Sphecophaga vespai-um burra (Cr.);
Vespula squamosa (Dru.), the queen of which is a temporary social parasite.
Vespa vidua Saussure, 1854. Etudes sur la famille des Vespides, v. 2, p. 136.
Biology: Taylor, 1939. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 32: 310-313 (nest, parasitism by squamosa).
Vespula vulgaris (Linnaeus)
Alaska, Canada, U. S. south to Calif., Ariz., N. Mex., S. Dak., Iowa, Ind.,
111., Ohio, N. C, mostly in Canadian and Transition Zones; Mexico (Michoacan, Mexico);
widely distributed in Palaearctic Region; Ecology: Nests are usually subterranean or in
stumps with paper envelope present or absent; aerial nests are close to ground and
always with envelope, adventive in New Zealand. Parasite: Sphecophaga vesparum
burra (Cr.). May interbreed with maculifrons (Buyss.).
Vespa vulgaris Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., ed. 10, v. 1, p. 572. ♀.
Vespa communis Saussure, 1857. Stettin. Ent. Ztg. 18: 117. ♀.
Vespa alasce7isis Packard, 1870. Chicago Acad. Sci., Trans. 2: 27. ♀.
Vespa westwoodii Shipp, 1893. Psyche 6: 450.
Biology: Bequaert, 1931. Ent. Amer. (n. s.) 12: 92-93 (nest). — Balduf, 1968. Ent. Soc. Wash.,
Proc. 70: 332-336, 1 fig. (nest, life history).
Genus VESPULA Subgenus DOLICHOVESPULA Rohwer
Dolichovespula Rohwer, 1916. Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey, Bui. 22: 642.
Type-species: Vespa maculata Linnaeus. Orig. desig.
P seudovespula Bischoft, 1931. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde Sitzber. (1930), p. 346.
Type-species: Vespa noiivegica var. adulterina Buysson. Orig. desig.
Boreovespula Bluethgen, 1943. Stettin. Ent. Ztg. 104: 149.
Type-species: Vespa norwegica Fabricius. Orig. desig.
Metavespula Bluethgen, 1943. Stettin. Ent. Ztg. 104: 149.
Type-species: Vespa silvestris ScopoH. Orig. desig.
Nests are usually aerial, suspended at some height or in bushes near the ground. Combs are
usually turned up at the margins so as to be concave above.
Vespula albida (Sladen)
Labrador, Newfoundland, Que., Maine, Man., Alta., B. C, N. W. T., Yukon
Terr., Alaska, chiefly in Hudsonian Zone. Ecology: Nests are small and subterranean.
Vespa marginata Kirby, 1837. Fauna Bor.-Amer., v. 4, p. 265. ♀. Preocc.
Vespa albida Sladen, 1918. Ottawa Nat. 32: 71. c?, ?.
Biology: Sladen, 1919. Rpt. Canad. Arctic Exped. 1913-18, v. 3, p. 26g (nest).
Vespula arctica Rohwer
Newfoundland to Yukon Terr., Alaska, in lower U. S. chiefly in Canadian
Zone. Host: Vespula arenaria {¥.). The worker caste is absent.
Vespa borealis Lewis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 171. ♂, ♀. Preocc.
Vespula arctica Rohwer, 1916. Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey, Bui. 22: 642. N.
name.
Biology: Wheeler and Taylor, 1921. Psyche 28: 135-144, 3 figs, (permanent social parasitism
of arctica in nests of arenaria). —Wheeler, 1939. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 32: 305-310 (social
parasitism in arenaria nests).
Vespula arenaria (Fabricius)
In Canada from Newfoundland to Yukon Terr., Alaska, in lower U. S.
transcontinental chiefly in Canadian and Transition ones. Ecology: Nests are usually
aerial but placed close to ground in shrubbery, occasionally under eaves or roofs, rarely
the nests may be attached to tree roots and only partly exposed. Parasite: Sphecophaga
vesparum burra (Cr.); Vespula arctica Roh.
Vespa arenaria Fabricius, 1775. Systema Ent., p. 365.
Vespa borealis Kirby, 1837. Fauna Bor.-Amer., v. 4, p. 264. Preocc.
1522 Hymenoptera in America Nort^h of Mexico
Vespa diabolica Saussure, 1854. Etudes sur la famille des Vespides, v. 2, p. 138. 2,5.
Vespa fernaldi Lewis, 1897. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 171. ♀, ♂.
Biology: Wheeler and Taylor, 1921. Psyche 28: 135-144, 3 figs, (nest, parasite). — Hungerford,
1930. Ent. News 41: 329-330, 1 pi. (nest). —Taylor, 1939. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 32: 305-310
(nest, parasite). —Gaul, 1941. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 49: 367-369 (taste sensitivity of adults,
larvae). — Gaul, 1941. Psyche 48: 16-19 (colony housing, interspecific tolerance). — Gaul,
1942. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., Bui. 37: 57-61 (brood rearing, mating). —Gaul, 1948. Brooklyn
Ent. Soc, Bui. 43: 73-79 (distribution of labor). —Sailer, 1950. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 23:
134-137, 3 figs, (nest temperature). —Gaul, 1952. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 60: 17-20 (flight in
stormy weather). —Gaul, 1952. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 47: 79-92 (temperature regulation
in nest). — Gibo, 1972. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 80: 105-108 (hibernation sites, temperature
tolerance). —Gibo, Yarascavitch and Dew, 1974. Canad. Ent. 106: 503-507, 1 fig. (colony
thermoregulation). —Gibo, Dew and Hajduk, 1974. Canad. Ent. 106: 873-879, 2 figs,
(relation of colony biomass to calorie production).
Vespula maculata (Linnaeus)
In Canada from Nova Scotia to Yukon Terr., Alaska, in lower U. S. from
Maine to Fla., west to 100th meridian in Canadian, Transition, U. and L. Austral Zones,
west of 100th meridian chiefly in Canadian, Transition and U. Sonoran Zones. Ecology:
Nests are always aerial and are usually suspended from limbs or beneath eaves and
roofs. Parasite: Sphecophaga vesparum burra (Cr.). The official common name is the
bald-faced hornet; sometimes it is also caUed the white-faced hornet.
Vespa maculata Linnaeus, 1763. Centuria Ins. Rar., p. 30.
Vespa maculata am,ericana Christ, 1791. Naturgesch. Insekt. Bienen, Wespen u.
Ameisengeschl., p. 239.
Biology: Couper, 1870. Canad. Ent. 2: 49-53 (nest). — Fyles, 1903. 33rd Ann. Rpt., Ent. Soc.
Ontario, pp. 69-70, figs. 47-48 (nest). —Howard, 1915. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc 17: 148 (nest
color). — Rau and Rau, 1918. Wasp Studies Afield, pp. 297-298 (predation). —Davis, 1919.
Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 14: 119-123, 1 pi. (nest). — parker, 1928. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 30:
14 (succession of brood in one cell). —Rau, 1929. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 22: 659-675, 10 figs,
(nesting habits). —Bromley, 1931. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 39: 126-128 (predation). — Betz,
1932. Quart. Rev. Biol. 8: 197-209, 4 figs, (colony size). —Rau, 1934. Brooklyn Ent. Soc,
Bui. 19: 170 (hibernating female). —Rau, 1934. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 19: 171 (predation).
— Balduf, 1936. Canad. Ent. 68: 138-139 (colony size). —Gaul, 1941. Psyche 48: 16-19
(colony housing, interspecific tolerance). —Gaul, 1952. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 60: 21-24
(metabolic cycles and flight). —Balduf, 1954. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 47: 445-458, 3 pis. (nest
structure and growth, foraging, life history, population size). — Gibo, 1972. N. Y. Ent. Soc,
Jour. 80: 105-108 (hibernation sites, temperature tolerance). —Howell, 1973. Ent. News 84:
141-142 (predation on Vespula maculifrons (Buyss.)). — Gibo, Yarascavitch and Dew, 1974.
Canad. Ent. 106: 503-507, 1 fig. (colony thermoregulation). —Gibo, Dew and Hajduk, 1974.
Canad. Ent. 106: 873-879, 2 figs, (relation of colony biomass to calorie production).
Morphology: Bequaert, 1932. Ent. Amer. (n. s.) 12: 73-75, fig. 1 (male genitalia). — Snodgrass,
1941. Smithsn. Inst., Misc Collect. 99 (14): 49, pi. 17, figs. A-H (male genitalia). —Hermann
and Krispyn, 1975. Ga. Ent. Soc, Jour. 10: 307-313, 8 figs, (venom apparatus).
Vespula norvegicoides (Sladen)
In Canada from Newfoimdland to Yukon Terr., Alaska, in lower U. S.
transcontinental chiefly in Canadian Zone. Ecology: Nests in low shrubbery.
Vespa norvegicoides Sladen, 1918. Ottawa Nat. 32: 71. ♂, ♀.
Biology: Bequaert, 1932. Ent. Amer. (n. s.) 12: 119 (nest).
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