5.
Allium vineale
Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 299. 1753.
Bulbs 5—20, clustered, stipitate, hard-shelled, asymmetric, ovoid, 1—2 × 1—2 cm; outer coats enclosing bulbs, brownish to yellowish, membranous, vertically striate, splitting into parallel strips and fibers, cells arranged in ± wavy rows, vertical; inner coats white to light brown, cells obscure, vertically elongate. Leaves persistent, green at anthesis, 2—4, sheathing at least proximal 1/2 scape; blade hollow below middle, terete, cylindric or filiform, not carinate, 20—60 cm × 2—4 mm, margins entire. Scape persistent, solitary, erect, terete, 30—120 cm × 1.5—4 mm. Umbel persistent, erect, ± compact, 0—50-flowered, subglobose to ovoid or hemispheric, flowering pedicels all or in part replaced by bulbils; bulbils sessile, basally narrowed, 4—6 × 2—3 mm; spathe bract caducous, 1, 2—several-veined, ovate, apex caudate, beaked, beak ± equaling or longer than base. Flowers campanulate, 3—4 mm; tepals erect, greenish to purple, elliptic-lanceolate, ± equal, withering in fruit, margins entire, apex obtuse; stamens exserted, outer 3 filaments without appendages, inner 3 filaments with 2 prominent lateral appendages; anthers purple; pollen white; ovary crestless; style exserted, linear, ± equaling stamen; stigma capitate, scarcely thickened, unlobed; flowering pedicel 10—20 mm. Seed coat shining; cells smooth. 2n = 32, 40.
Flowering Jun--Aug. Disturbed areas often adjacent to agricultural lands; 0--700 m; introduced; Ont., Que.; Ala., Ark., Calif., Conn., Del., D.C., Ga., Ill., Ind. Iowa, Kans., Ky., La., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Miss., Mo., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Pa., R.I., S.C., Tenn., Va., W.Va.; Europe.
Allium vineale is also expected to be found in Wisconsin and Texas; specimens were not seen. It is a noxious weed, apparently introduced from Europe in colonial times. The small, wheat-sized bulbils frequently contaminated wheat grown in infested areas. Bread made from such wheat was garlic-flavored, and cows grazing in infested pastures produce garlic-flavored milk.
