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Atherinomorus stipes (Muller and Troschel, 1848)
HARDHEAD SILVERSIDE
Life   Vertebrata   Fish   Atherinidae   Atherinomorus

Atherinomorus stipes
© Copyright John Rangall, 2006 · 0
Atherinomorus stipes

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Overview
Main identification features Eye large (~twice snout length); head wide (63% of head length) and relatively deep, with bony knob on top, upper profile straight; mouth oblique, top jaw not extendible; top of upper jaw straight, extending beyond front edge of eye; teeth small, simple, in narrow bands on jaws, lower lip with small, outward pointing teeth; projection at rear of lower jaw small; 1st dorsal fin IV-VI spines, entirely before anal origin; 2nd dorsal origin after anal origin, I,8-10; anal I,11-13, anus well before anal fin; scales with ruffled rear margins; 37-42 scales on lateral line; sheath of scales on bases of dorsal, anal and pectoral fins.

Color: Greenish on back with silver stripe (~width of pupil) overlying a black one along mid-flank, stripe narrow at front (width <2 pectoral fin base); two series of black dots along sides of tail; tail tips often black in large fish.

Size: 10 cm.

Habitat: shallow waters over reefs and nearby soft bottoms.

Depth: 0-10 m?.

A west Atlantic species introduced to Colombia.


Attributes
Abundance: Common.
Cites: Not listed.
Climate Zone: Equatorial (Costa Rica to Ecuador + Galapagos, Clipperton, Cocos, Malpelo).
Depth Range Max: 10 m.
Depth Range Min: 0 m.
Diet: zooplankton; pelagic fish larvae; pelagic fish eggs.
Eastern Pacific Range: Northern limit=4; Southern limit=2; Western limit=-79; Eastern limit=-78; Latitudinal range=2; Longitudinal range=1.
Egg Type: Benthic; Pelagic larva.
Feeding Group: Planktivore.
FishBase Habitat: Reef Associated.
Global Endemism: West Atlantic Introducee; TEP non-endemic; All species.
Habitat: Estuary; Water column; Reef associated (reef + edges-water column & soft bottom).
Inshore Offshore: Inshore; Inshore Only.
IUCN Red List: Not evaluated / Listed.
Length Max: 10 cm.
Regional Endemism: Continent; Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) non-endemic; Eastern Pacific non-endemic; Continent only; All species.
Residency: Vagrant.
Salinity: Brackish; Marine.
Water Column Position: Near Surface; Surface; Water column only;


Names
Scientific source:

Links to other sites

References
  • Castro-Aguirre, J.L., 1999., Ictiofauna estuarino-lagunar y vicaria de México., Editorial Limusa S.A. de C.V.: 1-629pp.
  • Fischer , W. , Krup , F. , Schneider , W. , Sommer , C. , Carpenter , K. E. and Niem, V. H., 1995., Guia FAO para la Identificacion de Especies de para los fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. Volumen II. Vertebrados - Parte 1., FAO2:647-1200.
  • Jordan , D.S. and Evermann, B.W., 1896., The fishes of North and Middle America: a descriptive catalogue of the species of fish-like vertebrates found in the waters of North America, north of the Isthmus of Panama. Part I., Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 47:1-1240.
  • Schomburgk, R. H., 1848., The history of Barbados; comprising a geographical description of the island and an account of its geology and natural productions. London., Hist. Barbados, :1-722.

Acknowledgements

I thank Ashley MacDonald and John Pickering, University of Georgia, for technical support in building this page.


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