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Didymium iridis (Ditmar) Fr
Life   Amoebozoa   Eumycetozoa   Didymiaceae   Didymium

Didymium iridis
© The Eumycetozoan Project, 2006 · 0
Didymium iridis

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Didymium iridis
© The Eumycetozoan Project, 2006 · 0
Didymium iridis
Didymium iridis
© The Eumycetozoan Project, 2006 · 0
Didymium iridis

Didymium iridis
© The Eumycetozoan Project, 2006 · 0
Didymium iridis
Didymium iridis
© The Eumycetozoan Project, 2006 · 0
Didymium iridis

Didymium iridis
© The Eumycetozoan Project, 2006 · 0
Didymium iridis
Overview
A number of taxa with long, yellow or red-brown stalks has been described by many authors. Lister placed these forms under D. nigripes, as var. xanthopus and var. eximium, while M+A grouped them under D. iridis.

Names
Scientific source:

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References
  • Aldrich,H.C. 1971: Synaptonemal complexes and meiosis in Didymium iridis: A reinvestigation. Mycologia 63: 308-316.
  • Alexopoulos,C.J., Zabka, G. G. 1962: Production of hybrids between physiological races of the true slime mould Didymium iridis. Nature 193(4815): 598-599.
  • Betterley,D.A., Collins, O. R. 1983: Reproductive systems, morphology and genetical diversity in Didymium iridis (Myxomycetes). Mycologia 75(6): 1044-1063.
  • Betterley,D.A., Collins, O. R. 1984: Vegetative incompatibility and Myxomycete biology. Mycologia 76: 785-792.
  • Betterley,D.A.Reproductive systems, enzyme polymorphism, and speciation in the myxomycete Didymium iridis. Diplomarbeit. 1981,
  • Carroll,G., Dystra, R. 1966: Synaptonemal complexes in Didymium iridis. Mycologia 58: 166-169.
  • Clark,J. 1980: Compitition between plasmodial-incompatibility phenotypes of the Myxomycete Didymium iridis I. paired plasmodia. Mycologia 72: 312-321.
  • Clark,J. 1980: Compitition between plasmodial-incompatibility phenotypes of the Myxomycete Didymium iridis. II. Multiple-clone crosses. Mycologia 72: 512-522.
  • Clark,J. 1983: The Didermium iridis mating system: no evidence for a mat B locus. Mycologia 75: 318-320.
  • Clark,J. 1984: Three-clone Didymium iridis crosses and plasmodial incombatibility phenotype. Mycologia 76: 810-815.
  • Clark,J. 1989: Age heterokaryon studies in Didymium iridis. Mycologia 81: 636-638.
  • Clark,J. 1989: Genomic size instability in polyploid Didmium iridis plasmodia. Mycologia 81: 656-657.
  • Clark,J. 1990: Regensburg, Uni. Regensburg.
  • Clark,J. 1992: The myxomoebae of Didermium iridis and Physarum polycephalum are immortal. Mycologia 84: 116-118.
  • Clark,J., Collins, O. R. 1968: Diploid mating-type heterokaryons and nuclear selection in Didymium iridis. American journal of botany 55
  • Clark,J., Collins, O. R. 1973: Directional cytotoxic reactions between incompatible plasmodia of Didymium iridis. Genetics 73: 247-257.
  • Clark,J., Collins, O. R. 1973: Further studies on the genetics of plasmodial incompatibility in a Honduran isolate of Didymium iridis. Mycologia 65: 507-518.
  • Clark,J., Collins, O. R. 1978: Plasmodial incomatibility in the myxomycete Didymium nigripes. Mycologia 70: 1249-1252.
  • Clark,J., Collins, O. R., Tang, H.-C. 1991: Didymium iridis mating systems: Partial compatibility between Mating series. Mycologia 83(2): 210-213.
  • Clark,J., Hakim, R. 1980: Ageing of plasmodial heterokaryons in Didymium iridis. Molecular & general genetics 178: 419-422.
  • Clark,J., Hakim, R. 1980: Nuclear sieving of Didymium iridis plasmodia. Exper.Mycol. 4: 17-22.
  • Clark,J., Haskins, E. F., Stephenson, S. L. 2004: Culture and reproductive systems of 11 species of Mycetozoans. Mycologia 96(1): 36-40.
  • Clark,J., Landolt, J. C. 1993: Didymium iridis reproductive systems: additions and meiotic drive. Mycologia 85: 764-768.
  • Clark,J., Lott, T. 1981: Aging in the acellular slime mold Didymium iridis: temperature and nutritional effects. Exper.Mycol. 5: 369-372.
  • Clark,J., Mires, A. 1999: Biosystematics of Didymium: the non-calcareous, long-stalked species. Mycotaxon 71: 369-382.
  • Clark,J., Mulleavy, P. 1982: The effects of polyploidy on life span of Didymium iridis. Exper.Mycol. 6: 71-76.
  • Clark,J., Stephenson, S. L. 1990: Didymium iridis reproductive systems: new additions. Mycologia 82(2): 274-276.
  • Clark,J., Stephenson, S. L. 1994: Didymium ovoideum culture and mating sytem. Mycologia 86(3): 392-396.
  • Clark,J., Stephenson, S. L., Landolt, J. C. 2001: Biosystematics of the Didymium iridis super species complex: Additional isolates. Mycotaxon 79: 447-454.
  • Collins,O.R. 1963: Multiple alleles at the incompatibility locus in the Myxomycete Didymium iridis. American journal of botany 50(5): 477-480.
  • Collins,O.R. 1965: Evidence for a mutation at the incompatibility locus in the slime mold, Didmium iridis. Mycologia 57: 314-315.
  • Collins,O.R. 1966: Plasmodial compatibilitiy in heterothallic and homothallic isolates of Didymium iridis. Mycologia 58: 362-372.
  • Collins,O.R. 1976: Heterothallism and Homothallism: A study of 27 isolates of Didymium iridis, a true slime mould. American journal of botany 63(2): 138-143.
  • Collins,O.R. 1980: Apomictic-heterothallic conversion in a myxomycete, Didymium iridis. Mycologia 72(6): 1109-1116.
  • Collins,O.R., Clark, J. 1966: Inheritance of the brown plasmodial pigment in Didymium iridis. Mycologia 58: 743-751.
  • Collins,O.R., Clark, J. 1968: Genetics of plasmodial compatibility and heterokaryosis in Didymium iridis. Mycologia 60: 90-103.
  • Collins,O.R., Erlebacher, B. 1969: Effects of two mutations on production of a red plasmodial pigment in the myxomycete Didymium iridis. Canadian journal of botany 15: 1245-1247.
  • Collins,O.R., Gong, T. 1985: Genetical relatedness of a former apomict and a heterothallic isolate in Didymium iridis (Myxomycetes). Mycologia 77(2): 300-307.
  • Collins,O.R., Gong, T., Grantham, M. 1983: Genetical analyses of an apomictic-heterothallic convertant of Didymium iridis (Myxomycetes). Mycologia 75(4): 683-692.
  • Collins,O.R., Ling, H. 1968: Clonally-produced plasmodia in heterothallic isolates of Didymium iridis. Mycologia 60: 858-868.
  • Collins,O.R., Tang, H.-C. 1989: Reproductive behaviour of a new isolate of Didymium iridis (Myxomycetes). Mycologia 81: 149-150.
  • Collins,O.R., Therrien, C. D. 1976: Cytophotometric measurement of nuclear DNA in seven heterothallic isolates of Didymium iridis, a Myxomycete. American journal of botany 63: 457-462.
  • Einvik,C., Elde, M., Johansen, S. 17-9-1998: Group I twintrons: Genetic elements in myxomycete and schizopyrenid amoeboflagellate ribosomal DNAs. Journal of Biotechnology 64(1): 63-74.
  • Gaither,T.W., Collins, O. R. 1984: Comparative SEM observations of sporophore characteristics in three species of Didymium (Myxomycetes, Physarales). Mycologia 76(4): 650-664.
  • Ganju,S.K., Muherjee, K. L. 1969: Some studies on the photobiology of slime mould, Didymium iridis. Indian Phytopathology 22: 364-375.
  • Haugen,P., Coucheron, D. H., Ronning, S. B., Haugli, K., Johansen, S. 2003: The molecular evolution and structural organization of self-splicing group I introns at position 516 in nuclear SSU rDNA of myxomycetes. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology<
  • Johansen,S., Johansen, T., Haugli, F. B. 1992: Extrachromosomal ribosomal DNA of Didymium iridis: sequence analysis of the large subunit ribosomal RNA gene and sub-telomeric region. Current genetics 22: 305-312.
  • Johansen,S., Johansen, T., Haugli, F. B. 1992: Structure and evolution of myxomycete nuclear group I introns: a model for horizontal transfer by intron homing. Current genetics 22: 297-304.
  • Johansen,S., Vogt, V. M. 1994: An intron in nuclear ribosomal DNA of Didymium iridis codes for a group I ribozyme and a novel ribozyme that cooperate in self-splicing. Cell 76(4): 725-734.
  • Johansen,S.e.al. 1997: In vivo mobility of a group I twintron in nuclear ribosomal DNA of the myxomycete Didymium iridis. Mol.Microbiol. 24(4): 737-745.
  • Ling,H. 1968: Light and fruiting in Didymium iridis. Mycologia 60: 966-970.
  • Ling,H., Clark, J. 1981: Somatic cell incompatibility in Didymium iridis: locus identification and function. American journal of botany 68(9): 1191-1199.
  • Lott,T., Clark, J. 1980: Plasmodial senescence in the acellular slime mold Didymium iridis. Experimental Cell Research 128: 455-457.
  • Lott,T., Clark, J. 1982: Sclerotization in relation to plasmodial senescence in the acellular slime mold Didymium iridis. Jour.Gen.Microbiol. 128: 1483-1487.
  • Lott,T., Gorman, S., Clark, J. 1981: Superoxide Dismutase in Didymium iridis: Characterization and changes in activity during senescence and sporulation. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development 17: 119-130.
  • Martin,M.P., Lado, C., Johansen, S. 2003: Primers are designed for amplification and direct sequencing of ITS region of rDNA from Myxomycetes. Mycologia 95(3): 474-479.
  • Muherjee,K.L., Zabka, G. G. 1964: Studies of multiple allelism in the myxomycete Didymium iridis. Canadian journal of botany 42: 1459-1466.
  • Mukherjee,K.L. 1965: Plasmodial fusion reactions between three races of Didymium iridis and their hybrids. Journal of the Indian Botanical Society 44(2): 224-230.
  • Mulleavy,P., Collins, O. R. 1979: Development of apogamic amoebae from heterothallic lines in a myxomycete, Didymium iridis. American journal of botany 66: 1037-1073.
  • Mulleavy,P., Collins, O. R. 1981: CIPC-induced and spontaneously produced diploid myxamoebae in a Myxomycete, Didymium iridis: a study of mating-type heterozygotes. Mycologia 73: 62-77.
  • Nader,W.F. 1984: Analysis of an inducer of the amoebal-plasmodial transition in the myxomycetes Didymium iridis and Physarum polycephalum. Developmental Biology 103(2): 504-510.
  • Queen,R.M., Koevenig, J. L. 1984: Fluoresecent antibody stain and disc electrophoresis analysis of representative mating strains in Physarum polycephalum and Didymium iridis. Mycologia 76: 194-203.
  • Rakoczy,L. 1961: Observation on the regeneration of the plasmodium of the Myxomycete Didymium xanthopus (Ditm.) Fr.. Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 30: 443-456.
  • Raper,K.B., Alexopoulos, C. J. 1973: A myxomycete with a singular myxomoebal encystment stage. Mycologia 65(6): 1284-1295.
  • Raub,T.J. 1983: The microcyst wall od Didymium iridis: chemical analysis. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 30: 162-170.
  • Raub,T.J., Aldrich, H. C. 1981: Ultrastructural events and kinetics of microcyst germination in the myxomycete Didymium iridis. Archiv für Mikrobiologie 128: 384-389.
  • Raub,T.J., Aldrich, H. C. 1982: Microcyst formation in the plasmodial slime mold Didymium iridis. Protoplasma 112: 81-91.
  • Ross,I.K. 1967: Abnormal cell behaviour in the heterothallic myxomycete Didymium iridis. Mycologia 59: 235-245.
  • Schnittler,M. 2001: Foliicolous liverworts as a microhabitat for Neotropical Myxomycetes. Nova Hedwigia 72(1-2): 259-270.
  • Sherman,J.D., Mims, C. W. 1985: Ultrastructure evidence for meiosis in a nonheterothallic isolate of the Myxomycete Didymium iridis. Mycologia 77(2): 328-332.
  • Shipley,G.L., Holt, C. E. 1982: Cell fusion competence and its induction in Physarum polycephalum and Didymium iridis. Developmental Biology 90: 110-117.
  • Silliker,M.E., Gong, T., Collins, O. R. 1988: Spore-to-spore cultivation of Didymium iridis on heat-killed bacteria. Mycologia 80(2): 151-156.
  • Silliker,M.E., Liles, J. L., Monroe, J. A. 2002: Patterns of mitochondrial inheritance in the myxogastrid Didymium iridis. Mycologia 94(6): 939-946.
  • Therrien,C.D., Yemma, J. J. 1974: Comparative measurements of nuclear DNA content in an heterothallic and a self-fertile isolate of the myxomycete Didymium iridis. American journal of botany 61: 400-404.
  • Therrien,C.D., Yemma, J. J. 1975: Nuclear DNA content and ploidy values in clonally-developed plasmodia of the Myxomycete Didymium iridis. Caryologia 28: 313-320.
  • Vader,A., Naess, J., Haugli, K., Haugli, F. B., Johansen, S. 11-11-1994: Nucleolar Introns from Physarum-Flavicomum Contain Insertion Elements That May Explain How Mobile Group Introns Gained Their Open Reading Frames. Nucleic acids research 22<
  • Welden,A.L. 1955: Capillitial Development in the Myxomycetes Badhamia-Gracilis and Didymium-Iridis. Mycologia 47(5): 714-728.
  • Weldon,A.L. 1955: Capillitial Development in the myxomycetes Badhamia gracilis and Didymium ividis. Mycologia 47: 714-728.
  • Yemma,J.J., Therrien, C. D. 1972: Quantitative microspectrophotometry of nuclear DNA in selfing strains of the Myxomycete Didymium iridis. American journal of botany 59(8): 828-835.

Acknowledgements
The Eumycetozoan Project -- working to understand the ecology, sytematics and evolution of myxomycetes, dictostelids and protostelids -- the true slime molds.

Sponsored by grants from the National Science Foundation.


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Please send any corrections and comments about this page to John Shadwick
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
email: jshadwi@uark.edu   phone: USA-479-575-7393.

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