© Pankaj Oudhia, 2008-2013
· 0 Parthenium hysterophorus, Senna tora and Impatiens balsamina population |
Click on map for details about points.
|
Links | - Associates
- Missouri Botanical Garden
We parsed the following live from the Web into this page. Such content is managed by its original site and not cached on Discover Life. Please send feedback and corrections directly to the source. See original regarding copyrights and terms of use.
- PIER
- Flora of Taiwan, National Taiwan University
- Image, American Museum of Natural History, Plant Bug AMNH_PBI00098072 ca01h75b
- Image, American Museum of Natural History, Plant Bug AMNH_PBI00098072 ca01h75a
- Image, American Museum of Natural History, Plant Bug AMNH_PBI00098072 ca01h75d
- Image, American Museum of Natural History, Plant Bug AMNH_PBI00098072 ca01h75c
- Image, American Museum of Natural History, Plant Bug AMNH_PBI00098078 ca01h100b
- Image, American Museum of Natural History, Plant Bug AMNH_PBI00098078 pbi-cal04h31a
- Image, American Museum of Natural History, Plant Bug AMNH_PBI00098258 ca01h277_01
- Image, American Museum of Natural History, Plant Bug AMNH_PBI00097447 ca01h55d
- Image, American Museum of Natural History, Plant Bug AMNH_PBI00097447 ca01h55c
- Image, American Museum of Natural History, Plant Bug AMNH_PBI00097447 ca01h55b
- Image, American Museum of Natural History, Plant Bug AMNH_PBI00097447 ca01h55a
- Flora of North America
|
80x5 -
240x3 -
240x4 -
320x1 -
320x2 -
320x3 -
640x1 -
640x2
Set display option above.
Click on
images to enlarge. |
© Pankaj Oudhia, 2008-2013
· 0 Parthenium hysterophorus, Senna tora and Impatiens balsamina population |
© Pankaj Oudhia, 2008-2013
· 0 Parthenium hysterophorus, Impatiens balsamina, Senna tora and Hyptis suaveolens |
|
© Pankaj Oudhia, 2008-2013
· 0 Parthenium hysterophorus, Impatiens balsamina, Senna tora and Hyptis suaveolens |
© Pankaj Oudhia, 2008-2013
· 0 Parthenium hysterophorus, Impatiens balsamina, Senna tora and Hyptis suaveolens |
|
© Pankaj Oudhia, 2008-2013
· 0 Parthenium hysterophorus |
© Pankaj Oudhia, 2008-2013
· 0 Parthenium hysterophorus infestation in Aloe vera fields |
|
© Pankaj Oudhia, 2008-2013
· 0 Parthenium hysterophorus infestation in Aloe vera fields |
© Pankaj Oudhia, 2008-2013
· 0 Parthenium hysterophorus infestation in Aloe vera fields |
|
© Pankaj Oudhia, 2008-2013
· 0 Parthenium hysterophorus infestation in Aloe vera fields |
© Pankaj Oudhia, 2008-2013
· 0 Parthenium hysterophorus infestation in Aloe vera fields |
|
© Pankaj Oudhia, 2008-2013
· 0 Parthenium hysterophorus infestation in Aloe vera fields |
© Pankaj Oudhia, 2008-2013
· 0 Parthenium hysterophorus infestation in Aloe vera fields |
|
© Pankaj Oudhia, 2008-2013
· 0 Parthenium hysterophorus infestation in Aloe vera fields |
© Pankaj Oudhia, 2008-2013
· 0 Parthenium hysterophorus infestation in Aloe vera fields |
Following modified from PIER
|
Top | See original
Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)
[
PIER species lists
] [
PIER home
]
Parthenium hysterophorus
L., Asteraceae
|
|
|
|
|
|
Click on an image for links to
BIGGER PICTURES
|
|
Present on Pacific Islands?
yes
Primarily a threat at high elevations?
no
Risk assessment results:
Reject, score: 18 (
Go to the risk assessment
)
Common name(s):
[
more details
]
Chinese
: yin jiao ju |
English
: Santa Maria, bitterweed, carrot grass, false ragweed, feverfew, parthenium weed, ragweed parthenium, whitetop |
French
: fausse camomille |
Spanish
: escoba amarga |
Habit:
herb
Description:
"Taprooted annual
herbs
3-10 dm tall;
stems
unbranched in lower part, branched in upper part, longitudinally striate, hirsute. Lower
leaves
in a basal rosette, these deciduous at maturity and stem leaves remaining, 3-20 cm long, 2-10 cm wide, bipinnatifid or pinnatifid.
Heads
small, numerous in open panicles; rays white, 0.6 mm long; disk corollas cream-colored, ca. 1 mm long; pappus of 2 petaloid scales inserted close to the corolla on either side, entire or notched.
Achenes
black, obovate, 2-2.5 mm long" (Wagner
et al
., 1999; p. 347).
Description
from the Flora of China online.
Description
from the Flora of North America online.
Description
from the Digital Flora of Taiwan.
Habitat/ecology:
"A pioneer species it invades grazing land, disturbed areas, roadsides and cultivated areas" (Smith, 2002; p. 64). "A weed of croplands, pastures, and natural and recreation areas. Can cause 90% reduction in carrying capacity of pastures. Contains sesquiterpines and phonolics, which makes parthenium weed allelopathic (suppressive) and causes dermatitis and other allergic reactions in humans and livestock, especially horses. High water requirement. Does best in neutral to high pH soils, less prolific on other soils" (Motooka
et al
., 2003). "In Hawaii, "naturalized in low elevation, dry pastures or along roadsides." (Wagner
et al
., 1999; p. 347). In New Caledonia, "espèce largement répandue et parfois envahissante" (MacKee, 1994; p. 37). In Taiwan, "widely naturalized on open seashores and in lowland waste places throughout the island" (
Digital Flora of Taiwan
).
Propagation:
"Seed is dispersed by wind, water, as a contaminant of harvested material and by vehicles, machinery or animals. Seeds are light and produced in large quantities, often within three weeks of germination" (Smith, 2002; p. 64).
Native range:
Tropical America, but widely naturalized.
Presence:
Pacific
|
Country/Terr./St.
&
Island group
|
Location
|
Cited status
&
Cited as invasive
&
Cited as cultivated
&
Cited as aboriginal introduction?
|
Reference
&
Comments
|
French Polynesia
French Polynesia Islands |
French Polynesia Islands |
|
Waterhouse, D. F. (1997)
(p. 63) |
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Hiva Oa Island |
introduced
invasive
|
Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013)
|
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands |
Hiva Oa Island |
introduced
invasive
|
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Naturalisée |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Raiatea (Havai) Island |
introduced
invasive
cultivated
|
Welsh, S. L. (1998)
(p. 78)
Voucher cited: Moore 682 |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Tahiti Island |
introduced
invasive
cultivated
|
Welsh, S. L. (1998)
(p. 78)
Voucher cited: Grant 4514 |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Tahiti Island |
introduced
invasive
|
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Naturalisée |
French Polynesia
Austral (Tubuai) Islands |
Rurutu Island |
introduced
invasive
|
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Voucher cited: J. Florence 6132 (PAP)
Naturalisée |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Hawaii (Big) Island |
introduced
invasive
|
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999)
(p. 347)
Kona. Voucher cited: Kawasaki s. n. |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Kauai Island |
introduced
invasive
|
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999)
(p. 347) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Maui Island |
introduced
invasive
|
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999)
(p. 347) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Molokai Island |
introduced
invasive
|
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999)
(p. 347) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Oahu Island |
introduced
invasive
|
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R. (1995)
(p. 16)
Voucher cited: E. Funk s.n. (BISH) |
New Caledonia
Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands) |
Îles Loyauté (Loyalty Islands) |
introduced
invasive
|
Tassin, Jacques (2005)
|
New Caledonia
Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands) |
Île Maré |
introduced
invasive
|
MacKee, H. S. (1994)
(p. 37)
Voucher cited: Sarasin 482 (Z) |
New Caledonia
Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands) |
Îles Ouvéa (Ouvea Atoll) |
introduced
invasive
|
MacKee, H. S. (1994)
(p. 37)
Voucher cited: Däniker 2200 |
New Caledonia
Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands) |
Île Tiga |
introduced
invasive
|
MacKee, H. S. (1994)
(p. 37)
Voucher cited: MacKee 45864 |
New Caledonia
Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands) |
Île Walpole |
introduced
invasive
|
MacKee, H. S. (1994)
(p. 37)
Voucher cited: Cherrier in MacKee 43813 |
New Caledonia
Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands) |
Île Walpole |
introduced
|
Renevier, Alain/Cherrier, Jean-Francois (1991)
(p. 16)
Voucher cited: Cherrier in MacKee 44070 |
New Caledonia
New Caledonia |
New Caledonia Islands |
introduced
invasive
|
Meyer, Jean-Yves (2000)
(p. 100) |
New Caledonia
New Caledonia |
New Caledonia Islands |
introduced
invasive
|
Gargominy, Oliver/Bouchet, Philipe/Pascal, Michel/Jaffre, Tanguy/Tourneu, Jean-Christophe (1996)
(p. 379)
Largement répandue et parfois envahissante. |
New Caledonia
New Caledonia Archipelago |
Île Grande Terre |
introduced
invasive
|
Tassin, Jacques (2005)
|
New Caledonia
New Caledonia Archipelago |
Île Grande Terre |
introduced
invasive
|
MacKee, H. S. (1994)
(p. 37)
Vouchers cited: Brousmiche 739, Blanchon 799 (NOU), MacKee 16068, MacKee 29584, MacKee 30768 |
New Caledonia
New Caledonia Archipelago |
Île des Pins (Isle of Pines) |
introduced
invasive
|
Tassin, Jacques (2005)
|
New Caledonia
New Caledonia Archipelago |
Île des Pins (Isle of Pines) |
introduced
invasive
|
MacKee, H. S. (1994)
(p. 37)
Voucher cited: MacKee 23464 |
Vanuatu
New Hebrides Islands |
Vanuatu (Republic of) |
introduced
invasive
|
Shine, C./Reaser, J. K./Gutierrez, A. T., eds. (2003)
(p. 179) |
Pacific Rim
|
Country/Terr./St.
&
Island group
|
Location
|
Cited status
&
Cited as invasive
&
Cited as cultivated
&
Cited as aboriginal introduction?
|
Reference
&
Comments
|
Australia
Australia (continental) |
Northern Territory |
introduced
invasive
|
Smith, Nicholas M. (2002)
(p. 64)
Found at Limmen Bight and the Borroloola region. |
Australia
Australia (continental) |
Queensland |
introduced
invasive
|
Smith, Nicholas M. (2002)
(p. 64) |
Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) |
Guatemala (Republic of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
|
Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) |
Honduras (Republic of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
|
China
China |
China (People's Republic of) |
introduced
invasive
|
Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013)
Fields, roadsides; below 1500 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan. |
China
China |
Hong Kong |
introduced
invasive
|
Wu, Te-lin (2001)
(p. 285)
In wasteland. |
Japan
Japan |
Japan |
introduced
|
Mito, Toshikazu/Uesugi, Tetsuro (2004)
(p. 190) |
Mexico
Mexico |
Mexico (United Mexican States) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
|
Taiwan
Taiwan Island |
Taiwan Island |
introduced
invasive
|
Ching-I Peng, ed. (2013)
|
Comments:
Moderately invasive in New Caledonia (Meyer, 2000; p. 100). A "weed of national significance" in Australia. "A declared noxious weed in Queensland, Northern Territory and Western Australia" (Smith, 2002; p. 64).
Control:
Physical:
"Australian authorities have imposed strict quarantines on contaminated equipment and stock to avoid spread into new areas. Since the weed only invades bare soil, good pasture management is effective for prevention" (Motooka
et al
., 2003).
Chemical:
"Effective herbicides include 2,4-D, atrazine, hexazinone, and metsulfuron. Triclopyr is effective on most Asteraceae" (Motooka
et al
., 2003).
Biological:
"Australian scientists report the moth
Epiblema strenuana
promising. They are also looking at the rust
Puccina abrupta
var.
parthenenicicola
and fungi that affect the weed in Mexico" (Motooka
et al
., 2003).
Need more info? Have questions? Comments? Information to contribute?
Contact PIER! (pier@hear.org)
[
PIER species lists
] [
PIER home
]
This page was created on 26 OCT 2001 and was last updated on 8 JAN 2013.
|
Following modified from Flora of Taiwan, National Taiwan University
|
Top | See original
&pull 20q v5.145 20180528: Error 404 Not Found http://tai2.ntu.edu.tw/udth/bin/fot1.exe/browse?bid=4&page=1026 |
Following served from American Museum of Natural History, Plant Bug AMNH_PBI00098072 ca01h75b |
Top | See original context
Following served from American Museum of Natural History, Plant Bug AMNH_PBI00098072 ca01h75a |
Top | See original context
Following served from American Museum of Natural History, Plant Bug AMNH_PBI00098072 ca01h75d |
Top | See original context
Following served from American Museum of Natural History, Plant Bug AMNH_PBI00098072 ca01h75c |
Top | See original context
Following served from American Museum of Natural History, Plant Bug AMNH_PBI00098078 ca01h100b |
Top | See original context
Following served from American Museum of Natural History, Plant Bug AMNH_PBI00098078 pbi-cal04h31a |
Top | See original context
Following served from American Museum of Natural History, Plant Bug AMNH_PBI00098258 ca01h277_01 |
Top | See original context
Following served from American Museum of Natural History, Plant Bug AMNH_PBI00097447 ca01h55d |
Top | See original context
Following served from American Museum of Natural History, Plant Bug AMNH_PBI00097447 ca01h55c |
Top | See original context
Following served from American Museum of Natural History, Plant Bug AMNH_PBI00097447 ca01h55b |
Top | See original context
Following served from American Museum of Natural History, Plant Bug AMNH_PBI00097447 ca01h55a |
Top | See original context
Following modified from Flora of North America
|
Top | See original
|
|
|
7.
Parthenium hysterophorus
Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 988. 1753.
Annuals,
(10—)30—120+ cm.
Leaf blades
ovate to elliptic, 30—180+ × 10—50(—90+) mm, (1—)2-pinnately lobed (ultimate lobes lanceolate to linear, 3—50 × 2—15 mm), faces sparsely to densely scabrellous and gland-dotted (seldom with additional erect hairs 1—2 mm).
Heads
obscurely radiate, borne in open, paniculiform arrays.
Peduncles
1—8(—15+) mm.
Phyllaries:
outer 5(—6), lance-elliptic, 2—4 mm, inner 5(—6) ovate to ± orbiculate, 2.5—4 mm.
Pistillate florets
5(—6); corolla laminae reniform or orbiculate to oblong, 0.3—1 mm.
Disc florets
12—30[—60].
Cypselae
obovoid, 1.5—2(—3.5) mm; pappus-like enations erect, deltate to ovate, 0.5—1 mm (sometimes a third, subulate spur near apex adaxially).
2
n
= 34.
Flowering Mar—Nov. Disturbed sites; 0—300 m; Ala., Ark., Conn., Del., D.C., Fla., Ill., Kans., La., Md., Mass., Mich., Miss., Mo., N.J., N.Mex., N.Y., Ohio, Okla., Pa., Tex., Va.; Mexico; introduced in subtropical, tropical, and warm-temperate New World and Old World.
In some places, especially in Old World,
Parthenium hysterophorus
causes serious contact dermatitis in humans. The plants should be handled with caution.
|
Updated: 2024-04-26 05:27:23 gmt
| | |
|