7.
Tortula acaulon
(Withering) R. H. Zander, Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci. 32: 378. 1994.
Phascum acaulon
Withering, Syst. Arr. Brit. Pl. ed. 4., 3: 768. 1801 (as acaule);
Microbryum floerkeanum
var.
henrici
Renauld & Cardot;
Phascum cuspidatum
Hedwig;
P. cuspidatum
var.
americanum
Renauld & Cardot;
P. cuspidatum
var.
henrici
(Renauld & Cardot) Wijk & Margadant;
P. cuspidatum
var.
piliferum
(Hedwig) Hooker & Taylor;
P. cuspidatum
var.
schreberianum
(Dickson) Bridel;
Tortula acaulon
var.
pilifera
(Hedwig) R. H. Zander;
T. acaulon
var.
schreberiana
(Dickson) R. H. Zander;
T. atherodes
R. H. Zander;
T. atherodes
var.
pilifera
(Hedwig) R. H. Zander;
T. atherodes
var.
schreberiana
(Dickson) R. H. Zander
Leaves
ovate to oblong-lanceolate, apex acute, mucronate to short-awned, occasionally comparatively long-awned, margins recurved proximally to nearly plane, not or weakly bordered distally with slightly thicker-walled cells; costa excurrent, lacking an adaxial pad of cells, distally narrow, 2(-3) cells across adaxial surface; distal laminal cells distally quadrate-hexagonal, width 13-17 µm, 1:1, weakly simply papillose or smooth.
Sexual condition
autoicous.
Sporophytes
immersed.
Seta
very short.
Capsule
cleistocarpic, spheric to very short-ellipsoid, erect, mostly 0.9-1.3 mm; peristome absent; operculum not differentiated.
Spores
(25-)33-40 µm, spheric, densely papillose.
Capsules mature winter-spring. Soil, lawns, fields, banks; low to moderate elevations; Alta., B.C., N.S., Ont., Que., Sask.; Alaska, Ariz., Ark., Calif., Colo., Conn., Del., Fla., Idaho, Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., La., Md., Mich., Minn., Mo., Mont., Nebr., Nev., N.J., N.Mex., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Oreg., Pa., S.Dak., Tenn., Tex., Utah., Va., Wash., W.Va., Wis.; Mexico; Europe; Asia; n Africa; Pacific Islands (New Zealand).
The varieties
pilifera
and
schreberiana
are not recognized here. The former name may be used for plants with long awns, and the latter for robust specimens ranging to 1 cm tall, but intergrades appear to be common.
