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Rhapidophyllum hystrix
(Pursh) H. Wendland & Drude, Bot. Zeitung (Berlin). 34: 803. 1876.
Needle palm, palmier a aiguilles
Chamaerops hystrix Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 240. 1814; Sabal hystrix (Pursh) Nuttall; Rhapis caroliniana Hort ex Kunth; Sabal hystrix (Pursh) Nuttall
Stems erect or procumbent, short, 1--7 dm, caespitose shoots often present. Leaves less than 70 cm wide; leaf sheath bearing stout emergent spinelike fibers, ca. 50 cm. Flowers yellowish. Fruits brown, ellipsoid, length ca. 2 cm, diam. 1.5 cm. 2n = 36.
Flowering spring. Rich soil over limestone in shady mesic to wet woodlands, and along banks of ravines and streams; 20--100 m; Ala., Fla., Ga., Miss., S.C.
The palm usually grows prodecumbently with adventitious roots emerging from the trunk where it contacts moist soil (A. G. Shuey and R. P. Wunderlin 1977). In the wild, Rhapidophyllum forms suckers along its stem, and it is thatis vegetative reproduction, more than seedling reproduction, that maintains most populations (K. E. Clancy and M. J. Sullivan 1988).
Flowers are protandrous and most likely to be pollinated by a species of Notolomus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The evil-smelling and curiously hirsute fruits are taken by black bears (D. S. Maehr and J. R. Brady 1984) and other mammals (A. G. Shuey and R. P. Wunderlin 1977).
