© Copyright Bobby Hattaway 2011 · 5 Spathodea campanulata Click on map for details about points. IDnature guides Checklist Australia Flora Hawaii flora Neotropical flora North American Invasives Panama Dicotyledoneae Trees Weeds Links Associates Missouri Botanical Garden We parsed the following live from the Web into this page. Such content is managed by its original site and not cached on Discover Life. Please send feedback and corrections directly to the source. See original regarding copyrights and terms of use. Image, The Nature Conservancy PIER 1 thumbnail  •  slide show Names Scientific source: Integrated Taxonomic Information System Supported by National Biological Information Infrastructure National Science Foundation Associates · map Family Scientific name @ source (records) Asterinidae   Asterina spathodeae @ BPI (1) Botryosphaeriaceae   Phyllosticta moscosoi @ BPI (1) Phanerochaetaceae   Phlebiopsis peniophoroides @ BPI (1) Polyporaceae   Polyporus armenicolor @ BPI (1) Polyporus lignosus @ BPI (1) Poria @ BPI (1) Trichiaceae   Hemitrichia vesparium @ BPI (1) _   Botryodiplodia spathodeae @ BPI (2) Metaleurodicus bahiensis @ CSCA_TCN (2) Microxyphium spathodeae @ 361231B (1); 361231C (1); 361231E (1); 361231D (1); 361231A (1); 361231F (1) go to Discover Life's Facebook group Following served from The Nature Conservancy    Top | See original context Following modified from PIER    Top | See original Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)   [   PIER species lists  ]   [   PIER home  ] Spathodea campanulata P.Beauv., Bignoniaceae Click on an image for links to BIGGER PICTURES Present on Pacific Islands?   yes Primarily a threat at high elevations?   no Risk assessment results:   High risk, score: 14 ( Go to the risk assessment ) Common name(s): [ more details ] Carolinian : apär English : African tulip tree, fireball, flame of the forest, fountain tree Fijian : taga mimi French : baton du sorcier, pissat de singe, pisse l'eau, pisse-pisse, tulipier du Gabon Maori (Cook Islands) : kō‘ī‘ī, mata kō‘ī‘ī, mimi, pātītī vai, patiti vai, pititi vai Palauan : orsachel kui Pohnpeian : dulip en Aprika, tuhke dulip Samoan : fa‘apasī, tulipe Spanish : tulipán Africano Tongan : tiulipe Tongarevan (spoken) : tiale akapisipisi Tongarevan (written) : tiare akapisipisi Yapese : ramingobchey Habit:   tree Description:   "Large tree with a stout, tapering often somewhat buttressed trunk, branches thickish, marked with small white lenticels, subglabrous to thinly puberulent; leaves usually opposite (rarely 3 at a node), very widely diverging, up to 50 cm long, (7-) 11-15 (-17) leaflets broadly elliptic or ovate, entire, to 15 x 7.5 cm, with 7-8 principal veins on each side, puberulent and prominent beneath, apex very slightly acuminate, base somewhat asymmetrically obtuse, lower leaflets tending to be reflexed, petiolule short, 2-3 mm, rachis nearly straight, brownish-puberulent, petiole up to 6 cm long, thickened at base; raceme 8-10 cm long on a peduncle of about the same length, with a pair of reduced leaves about halfway up, rachis and pedicels thick, brownish puberulent, bracts subtending pedicels lanceolate, curved, about 1 cm long, caducous, pair of bractlets near summit of pedicel similar, opposite; calyx strongly curved upward, asymmetric, about 5 cm long, tapering, somewhat ribbed, splitting at anthesis to within a few mm of base along dorsal curve, apex horn-like, blunt, exterior brownish sericeous puberulent; corolla bright vermilion or scarlet, 10-12 cm long, mouth of limb about 7 cm across, lobes about 3 cm long, obtuse, margins strongly crispate, orange-yellow; filaments about 5 cm long, dull orange anthers arcuate, linear, very dark brown, 15 mm long; style yellow, 8 cm long, stigma reddish; capsule lanceolate, slightly compressed, 17-25 x 3.5-7 cm" (Fosberg et al ., 1993; p. 11). "A tree of 7-25 m height with a pale grey bark and opposite leaves. These are up to 50 cm long, pinnately compound with 3-19 elliptic leaflets of 7-13 cm length and 4-7 cm width. There are pseudostipules of c.  3 cm length at the leaf bses. Flowers are borne in terminal racemes, are orange red, cup-shaped, 8-10 cm long and 4.5-5 cm diameter, containing winged seeds." ( Invasive Plants of the World (Weber, 2003) , p. 418) Habitat/ecology:   "A tree that spreads rapidly in mesic to wet areas and forms dense thickets. Native plants are eliminated by the shading effect of the large leaves, resulting in reduced species richness under the canopies of this tree. Little is known on the ecology of this species." ( Invasive Plants of the World (Weber, 2003) , p. 418) Favors moist and wet areas from sea level to 1,000 m in Hawai‘i (C. W. Smith, 1985; p. 203), to 1200 m in French Polynesia. Moist uplands in the Galápagos Islands (McMullen, 1999; p. 89). "Highly invasive in Tahiti up to 1300 m in cloud forests" (Jean-Yves Meyer, pers. com.). Propagation:   Wind-dispersed seeds. Also propagates from root suckers and cuttings. "The African tulip tree didn't produce fruits (and their wind-dispersed seeds) in La Réunion for a long time...before the endemic Zosterops started to visit and pollinate the flowers a few years ago. The African tulip tree is now starting to naturalize in La Réunion" (Jean-Yves Meyer, pers. com.). Native range:   Pan-tropical cultivated tree, native to West Africa, its scarlet flower clusters very showy. Commonly planted throughout the Pacific, naturalized locally. Impacts and invaded habitats:   Invaded habitats: "Forests and forest edges." ( Invasive Plants of the World (Weber, 2003) , p. 418) Presence: Pacific Country/Terr./St.  & Island group Location Cited status  & Cited as invasive  & Cited as cultivated  & Cited as aboriginal introduction? Reference  & Comments American Samoa Tutuila Islands Tutuila Island introduced cultivated Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2000) (p. 6) American Samoa Tutuila Islands Tutuila Island   National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2000) (voucher ID: PTBG 43116) Taxon name on voucher: Spathodea campanulata Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands Northern Mariana Islands introduced Meyer, Jean-Yves (2000) (p. 102) "Potential invader". Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands Tinian Island introduced Raulerson, L. (2006) (p. 62) Cook Islands Northern Cook Islands Manihiki Atoll   McCormack, Gerald (2013) Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands Aitutaki Atoll introduced invasive cultivated Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 9) Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands Aitutaki Atoll   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1969) (voucher ID: BISH 81964) Taxon name on voucher: Spathodea campanulata P.Beauv. Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands ‘Atiu Island   McCormack, Gerald (2013) Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands ‘Atiu Island introduced invasive cultivated Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 9) Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands Ma‘uke Island   McCormack, Gerald (2013) Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands Rarotonga Island introduced invasive Meyer, Jean-Yves (2000) (p. 89) Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands Rarotonga Island   McCormack, Gerald (2013) Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands Rarotonga Island introduced invasive cultivated Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 9) Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands Rarotonga Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1991) (voucher ID: BISH 664386) Taxon name on voucher: Spathodea campanulata P.Beauv. Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands Rarotonga Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1969) (voucher ID: BISH 665018) Taxon name on voucher: Spathodea campanulata P.Beauv. Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) San Cristóbal Group San Cristóbal Island introduced cultivated Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Santa Cruz Group Santa Cruz Island introduced cultivated Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands Weno (Moen) Island introduced Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 252) Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands Weno (Moen) Island introduced cultivated Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Denslow, Julie S./Nelson, Duane/Mazawa, Thomas R. (2000) (p. 6) Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands Weno (Moen) Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1965) (voucher ID: BISH 440883) Taxon name on voucher: Spathodea campanulata P.Beauv. Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands Weno (Moen) Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1965) (voucher ID: BISH 440884) Taxon name on voucher: Spathodea campanulata P.Beauv. Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands Weno (Moen) Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1982) (voucher ID: BISH 595784) Taxon name on voucher: Spathodea campanulata P.Beauv. Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands Weno (Moen) Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1980) (voucher ID: BISH 613424) Taxon name on voucher: Spathodea campanulata P.Beauv. Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands Pohnpei Island introduced Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 252) Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands Pohnpei Island introduced Meyer, Jean-Yves (2000) (p. 90) "Potential invader" Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands Pohnpei Island introduced Glassman, S. F. (1952) (p. 102) Voucher cited: Glassman 2872 (US) Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands Pohnpei Island introduced invasive cultivated Herrera, Katherine/Lorence, David H./Flynn, Timothy/Balick, Michael J. (2010) (p. 74) Vouchers cited: M.J. Balick 4178 (NY, PTBG), S.F. Glassman 2872 (BISH) Invasive Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands Pohnpei Island   National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2001) (voucher ID: PTBG 43543) Taxon name on voucher: Spathodea campanulata Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands Yap (Waqab) Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1949) (voucher ID: BISH 133841) Taxon name on voucher: Spathodea campanulata P.Beauv. Fiji Fiji Islands Viti Levu Island introduced invasive cultivated Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 145) Vouchers cited: DA 12237, DA 16976 Fiji Fiji Islands Viti Levu Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1969) (voucher ID: BISH 33662) Taxon name on voucher: Spathodea campanulata P.Beauv. Fiji Fiji Islands Viti Levu Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1960) (voucher ID: BISH 33663) Taxon name on voucher: Spathodea campanulata P.Beauv. French Polynesia Marquesas Islands Hiva Oa Island introduced cultivated Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013) French Polynesia Marquesas Islands Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island introduced cultivated Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013) French Polynesia Marquesas Islands Ua Huka (Huahuna, Uahuka) Island introduced cultivated Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013) French Polynesia Society Islands Moorea Island introduced invasive cultivated Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 50) Voucher cited: H.M. Smith 22 French Polynesia Society Islands Moorea Island introduced invasive University of California (2006) "Invasive species, not spreading particularly quickly, but of some concern". French Polynesia Society Islands Moorea Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1967) (voucher ID: BISH 22340) Taxon name on voucher: Spathodea campanulata P.Beauv. French Polynesia Society Islands Moorea Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1967) (voucher ID: BISH 696734) Taxon name on voucher: Spathodea campanulata P.Beauv. French Polynesia Society Islands Taha‘a Island   Fosberg, F. R. (1997) (p. 22) French Polynesia Society Islands Tahiti Island introduced invasive cultivated Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 50) Vouchers cited: BRY 24830, BRY 25461 French Polynesia Society Islands Tahiti Island introduced invasive Meyer, Jean-Yves (year unknown) Guam Guam Island Guam Island introduced invasive cultivated Stone, Benjamin C. (1970) (p. 530) Voucher cited: Stone 4179 (GUAM) Sparingly naturalized. Guam Guam Island Guam Island introduced Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 252) Guam Guam Island Guam Island introduced invasive Meyer, Jean-Yves (2000) (p. 95) Guam Guam Island Guam Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1962) (voucher ID: BISH 133842) Taxon name on voucher: Spathodea campanulata P.Beauv. Guam Guam Island Guam Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1962) (voucher ID: BISH 133843) Taxon name on voucher: Spathodea campanulata P.Beauv. Guam Guam Island Guam Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (year unknown) (voucher ID: BISH 133845) Taxon name on voucher: Spathodea campanulata P.Beauv. Guam Guam Island Guam Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1966) (voucher ID: BISH 440897) Taxon name on voucher: Spathodea campanulata P.Beauv. Guam Guam Island Guam Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1966) (voucher ID: BISH 440898) Taxon name on voucher: Spathodea campanulata P.Beauv. Guam Guam Island Guam Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1970) (voucher ID: BISH 443835) Taxon name on voucher: Spathodea campanulata P.Beauv. State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands Hawai‘i (Big) Island introduced invasive cultivated Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 388) State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands Kaua‘i Island introduced invasive cultivated Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 388) State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands Lāna‘i Island introduced invasive cultivated Oppenheimer, Hank (2007) (p. 21) Voucher cited: Oppenheimer H120642 (BISH, PTBG) State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands Maui Island introduced invasive cultivated Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 388) State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands Moloka‘i Island introduced invasive cultivated Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 388) State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands O‘ahu Island introduced invasive cultivated Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 388) Kiribati Line Islands Tabuaeran (Fanning) Atoll introduced cultivated Wester, Lyndon (1985) (p. 31) Kiribati Line Islands Teraina (Washington) Island introduced cultivated Wester, Lyndon (1985) (p. 31) Kiribati Line Islands Teraina (Washington) Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1983) (voucher ID: BISH 602650) Taxon name on voucher: Spathodea campanulata P.Beauv. Marshall Islands Ralik Chain Kwajalein (Kuwajleen) Atoll introduced Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 252) Marshall Islands Ralik Chain Kwajalein (Kuwajleen) Atoll introduced Whistler, W. A./Steele, O. (1999) (p. 99) Not seen on this survey and may no longer be present. Nauru Nauru Island Nauru Island introduced cultivated Thaman, R. R./Fosberg, F. R./Manner, H. I./Hassall, D. C. (1994) (p. 105) Vouchers cited: Fosberg 58682 (US), Thaman & Manner 123 (SUVA) Nauru Nauru Island Nauru Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1978) (voucher ID: BISH 438332) Taxon name on voucher: Spathodea campanulata P.Beauv. New Caledonia New Caledonia Archipelago Île Grande Terre introduced cultivated MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 22) Vouchers cited: Baumann 16067, MacKee 20657, Latreille in MacKee 45385 New Caledonia New Caledonia Archipelago Île Grande Terre   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1949) (voucher ID: BISH 449716) Taxon name on voucher: Spathodea campanulata P.Beauv. Niue Niue Niue Island introduced cultivated Sykes, W. R. (1970) (p. 50) Voucher cited: CHR 168869 Niue Niue Niue Island introduced invasive cultivated Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2000) (p. 6) Niue Niue Niue Island introduced cultivated Yuncker, T. G. (1943) (p. 108) Voucher cited: Yuncker 9802 (BISH) Niue Niue Niue Island introduced invasive cultivated Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara M./Newfield, Melanie/Bull, Cate (2004) (p. 12) Spreading by root suckers and possibly by seed. Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group) Babeldaob Island introduced invasive cultivated Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (pp. 7, 86) Subject of an eradication program. Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group) Babeldaob Island introduced invasive cultivated Space, James C./Lorence, David H./LaRosa, Anne Marie (2009) (p. 9) Only this tree is known to be remaining in the country. Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group) Koror (Oreor) Island introduced Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 252) Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group) Koror (Oreor) Island introduced invasive cultivated Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (pp. 7, 82) Subject of an eradication program. Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group) Koror (Oreor) Island extirpated Space, James C./Lorence, David H./LaRosa, Anne Marie (2009) (p. 9) Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group) Koror (Oreor) Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1967) (voucher ID: BISH 438015) Taxon name on voucher: Spathodea campanulata P.Beauv. Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group) Koror (Oreor) Island   Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.) (1974) (voucher ID: BNM 10062) Taxon name on voucher: Spathodea campanulata Beauv. Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group) Koror (Oreor) Island   Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.) (1967) (voucher ID: BNM 204) Taxon name on voucher: Spathodea campanulata Beauv. Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group) Ngerkebesang Island introduced invasive cultivated Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (pp. 7, 82) Subject of an eradication program. Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group) Ngerkebesang Island extirpated Space, James C./Lorence, David H./LaRosa, Anne Marie (2009) (p. 9) Papua New Guinea Bismarck Archipelago Bismarck Archipelago introduced cultivated Peekel, P. G. [translated by E. E. Henty] (1984) (p. 508) Philippines Philippine Islands Philippine Islands introduced cultivated Merrill, Elmer D. (1923) (p. 447) Cultivated in Manila for ornamental purposes. Samoa Western Samoa Islands Savai‘i Island introduced Whistler, W. A. (1984) (p. 6) Samoa Western Samoa Islands Upolu Island introduced invasive cultivated Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 8) Solomon Islands Solomon Islands Solomon Islands introduced cultivated Hancock, I. R./Henderson, C. P. (1988) (p. 110) Tonga Tonga Islands Tonga Islands introduced cultivated Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 242) "Occasional in villages". Tonga Tongatapu Group Tongatapu Island introduced invasive cultivated Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2001) (p. 9) Tonga Vava‘u Group Vava‘u Island introduced invasive cultivated Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2001) (p. 9) United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Midway Atoll Sand Island introduced cultivated Starr, Forest/Starr, Kim/Loope, Lloyd (2008) (pp. B-13) Voucher cited: Starr & Starr 080610-12 Vanuatu New Hebrides Islands Vanuatu (Republic of) introduced invasive Meyer, Jean-Yves (2000) (p. 107) Wallis and Futuna Wallis and Futuna (Horne) Islands Futuna Island introduced invasive Orapa, Warea (2005) Wallis and Futuna Wallis and Futuna (Horne) Islands Futuna Island introduced cultivated Meyer, Jean-Yves/Jourdan, Hervé/Malau, Atoloto (2008) (p. 9) Wallis and Futuna Wallis and Futuna (Horne) Islands Wallis (‘Uvea) Island introduced invasive Orapa, Warea (2005) Wallis and Futuna Wallis and Futuna (Horne) Islands Wallis (‘Uvea) Island introduced invasive Meyer, Jean-Yves (2007) (pp. 10, 31) Il est localement naturalisé mais présente une régénération importante en forêt secondaire, sur les bords de pistes et de route, en bordure de zone cultivée (tarodière, cultures dignames). Il semble être en phase d'expansion, ses graines ailées pouvant être disséminées par le vent sur de longues distances. Wallis and Futuna Wallis and Futuna (Horne) Islands Wallis (‘Uvea) Island introduced invasive Meyer, Jean-Yves/Jourdan, Hervé/Malau, Atoloto (2008) (p. 9) Wallis and Futuna Wallis and Futuna (Horne) Islands Wallis and Futuna Islands introduced invasive Meyer, Jean-Yves (2000) (p. 107) Wallis and Futuna Wallis and Futuna (Horne) Islands Wallis and Futuna Islands introduced invasive Comité français de l'Union Internationale pour la Conservation de la Nature en France (2013) Pacific Rim Country/Terr./St.  & Island group Location Cited status  & Cited as invasive  & Cited as cultivated  & Cited as aboriginal introduction? Reference  & Comments Australia Australia (continental) Northern Territory introduced invasive cultivated abo. intro. Csurhes, S./Edwards, R. (1998) (pp. 196-197) Australia Australia (continental) Queensland introduced invasive cultivated abo. intro. Csurhes, S./Edwards, R. (1998) (pp. 196-197) China China Hong Kong introduced cultivated Wu, Te-lin (2001) (p. 257) Singapore Singapore Singapore (Republic of) introduced invasive Pallawatta, Nirmalie/Reaser, Jamie K./Gutierrez, Alixis T./eds. (2003) (p. 89) Singapore Singapore Singapore (Republic of) introduced invasive Chong, Kwek Yan/Tan, Hugh T. W./Corlett, Richard T. (2009) (p. 80) Naturalised Indian Ocean Country/Terr./St.  & Island group Location Cited status  & Cited as invasive  & Cited as cultivated  & Cited as aboriginal introduction? Reference  & Comments Australia (Indian Ocean offshore islands) Christmas Island Group Christmas Island introduced invasive cultivated Swarbrick, J. T. (1997) (pp. 67, 128) Comoros Comoro Islands Anjouan (Nzwani) Island introduced invasive Vos, P. (2004) (p. 6) Comoros Comoro Islands Grande Comore (Njazidja) Island introduced invasive Vos, P. (2004) (p. 6) Comoros Comoro Islands Mohéli (Mwali) Island introduced invasive Vos, P. (2004) (p. 6) La Réunion (France) La Réunion Island La Réunion Island introduced invasive cultivated Lavergne, Christophe (2006) "Cultivé/naturalisé" La Réunion (France) La Réunion Island La Réunion Island introduced invasive cultivated Comité français de l'Union Internationale pour la Conservation de la Nature en France (2013) Naturalisée, potentiellement envahissant. French Territory of Mayotte Mayotte Islands Mayotte Island introduced invasive Vos, P. (2004) (p. 6) Seychelles Seychelles Islands Seychelles Islands introduced U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) Naturalized Seychelles Seychelles Islands Seychelles Islands introduced Invasive Species Specialist Group (2017) Comments:   A problem species in Hawai‘i, Fiji, French Polynesia and Samoa. Very abundant on Aneityum, Vanuatu. Present but not a large problem (at least yet) in most parts of Micronesia, although it is widespread in Pohnpei (Space & Falanruw, 1999). On Guam, numerous individuals scattered throughout the native forest on the northern part of the island were noted (Space & Falanruw, 1999). Subject of an eradication program in Palau (Space et al. , 2003). Trunks and limbs are weak and don't stand up to typhoons very well. Also has a bad habit of dropping large limbs when it becomes older. Control:   Physical:   Hand pull or dig out seedlings and young plants.  "Difficult to control mechanically although small trees can be pulled or dug out"  (Englberger, 2009; p. 11). Chemical:   Cut large plants and treat the stumps with herbicide.  "Trees sensitive to cut-surface applications of dicamba and glyphosate; saplings sensitive to basal bark applications of 2,4-D and triclopyr"  (Motooka et al ., 2003). "For large trees, cut notches (0.8-1 in. deep into the cambium) around the stem and spray undiluted herbicide (Roundup or Garlon 4) into the notches"  (Englberger, 2009; p. 11). "Seedlings and saplings can be hand pulled or dug out. Larger trees are cut and the stumps treated with herbicide." ( Invasive Plants of the World (Weber, 2003) , p. 418) Need more info? Have questions? Comments? Information to contribute? Contact PIER! (pier@hear.org)   [   PIER species lists  ]   [   PIER home  ] This page was created on 1 JAN 1999 and was last updated on 4 NOV 2017. Updated: 2024-04-27 06:59:31 gmt Discover Life | Top © Designed by The Polistes Corporation