Reprinted with permission from: Mitchell, T.B. 1962 Bees of the Eastern United States. North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin No. 152.
FEMALE Length 12-18 mm.; black, tegulae more brownish-piceous, tarsal segments bright ferruginous, the tibiae and femora sometimes more or less ferruginous; eyes slightly convergent below; lateral ocelli slightly nearer margin of vertex than to each other, considerably more distant from eyes; cheeks considerably narrower than eyes, carinate posteriorly, angulate below, but this area covered with dense pubescence; clypeus nearly flat, apical margin about straight, with a fringe of rather short but dense pubescence; median length and basal width of labrum about equal; median tooth of mandible low but distinct; punctures deep and quite coarse, close but distinct across vertex, cheeks and face below ocelli coarsely rugose, becoming finely rugose below antennae and on clypeus; pubescence entirely pale on head and thorax, somewhat yellowish on face, copious around antennae and behind anterior ocellus, very short, dense and subappressed at sides of face, laterad of clypeus, thin and very short and obscure over most of clypeus, dense and white on cheeks below, becoming thin above; pubescence rather short but quite copious over pleura, more elongate and whitish on propodeum, very thin and inconspicuous on dorsum of thorax; transverse carina of tubercles rather low but distinct, more or less obscured by pubescence; posterior margin of scutellum slightly out- curved, posterior face not sharply differentiated from dorsal face; axillae acute, projecting conspicuously from sides of scutellum, but length not exceeding median length of scutellum; coxal spines reduced to short but acute tubercles which are densely pubescent posteriorly; wings hyaline basally, becoming very faintly infuscated apically, recurrent veins reaching 2nd submarginal cell subequally distant from base and apex; scutum coarsely, closely and deeply impunctate, punctures slightly separated only in center posteriorly, densely crowded and somewhat finer laterally, but distinctly separated to anterior margin; scutellum coarsely rugoso-punctate or reticulate, the axillae somewhat more finely so; pleura more reticulate than punctate, punctures coarse and closely crowded; lateral faces of propodeum somewhat smoother but very dull, posterior face dull, with closely crowded, minute punctures, dorsal area smooth but velvety, becoming narrowly substriate along upper margin; basal abdominal tergum shining, punctures deep and distinct, well separated medially, becoming close laterally, and very close and fine toward the depressed apical margin, this narrowly white fasciate, but becoming rather broadly so at extreme sides; transverse grooves of terga 2 and 3 sub- median at center, becoming somewhat more basal at extreme sides, punctures quite regular, coarse and close on basal side of groove, the apical side being largely impunctate, but with scattered punctures toward the apical margin, this depressed and densely white fasciate; terga 4 and 5 rather closely punctate toward base, sparsely so toward apical margin, the margins depressed and white fasciate; tergum 6 abruptly narrowed just beyond mid point, resulting in a pair of distinct lateral angles, a median, slightly raised, impunctate line at base, continuous with an elevated ridge toward the tip, surface deeply excavated on each side of this, the tip narrowly rounded, punctures toward the base deep, distinct, rather coarse and close, becoming densely crowded at the lateral angles, the apical part finely rugose (fig. 65); sternum 6 elongate, extending much beyond tip of tergum, narrowed apically, with a pair of distinct, lateral notches, this area much longer than width at the notches, rather narrowly rounded at apex; sterna 1-4 shining, closely, coarsely, deeply and quite regularly punctate, apical margins depressed, yellowish-hyaline, densely white fasciate; sternum 5 triangular in outline, basal portion deeply and quite closely punctate, but the punctures becoming rather abruptly fine and densely crowded just beyond base, apical half dull and densely roughened, the oblique, lateral margins densely, white fasciate.
MALE Length 11-12 mm.; black, tegulae more brownish-testaceous, tarsi ferruginous, and tibiae usually ferruginous basally and apically; eyes rather strongly convergent below; lateral ocelli subequally distant from margin of vertex and each other, considerably more distant from eyes; cheeks slightly narrower than eyes, carinate posteriorly, quite deeply excavated below, this area shining and bare, relatively smooth, margined both anteriorly and posteriorly by dense pubescence; clypeus nearly flat, apical margin straight, with a pair of small, median tubercles; median length of labrum slightly greater than basal width; median tooth of mandible well developed; punctures coarse and deep, well separated across vertex, becoming closely crowded on cheeks, face below ocelli rather finely rugose, surface below antennae and on clypeus obscured by dense pubescence, very finely rugose beneath; pubescence entirely pale. rather creamy on face, somewhat more elongate and erect around bases of antennae, subappressed and directed upward on supraclypeal area, directed downward on clypeus, cheeks below with dense, white pubescence; pleura rather copiously covered with white pubescence, not forming definite marginal fringes, the pubescence becoming somewhat more yellowish but very thin above, elongate and copious over most of propodeum; transverse carina of tubercles erect and well developed on outer side, not extended along margin of scutum, largely obscured by pubescence; posterior margin of scutellum very slightly out-curved, posterior face not sharply differentiated from dorsal face; axillae rather elongate and acute, conspicuously diverging from sides of scutellum, and slightly exceeding median length of scutellum; coxal spines well developed, somewhat spatulate and elongate, rounded apically, densely covered with white pubescence; wings hyaline basally, becoming slightly infuscated along apical margin, recurrent veins reaching 2nd submarginal cell subequally distant from base and apex; scutum coarsely, deeply and closely punctate, punctures slightly separated only in center of disc, becoming somewhat finer and more densely crowded laterally; scutellum rather coarsely rugoso-punctate or reticulate, the axillae only slightly more finely so; pleura dull, rather finely rugoso-punctate or reticulate; lateral faces of propodeum dull, densely tessellate, posterior face dull, very minutely and closely punctate, punctures rather vague, dorsal area velvety below, becoming finely and irregularly rugose along upper margin; basal abdominal tergum shining, coarsely and deeply punctate, punctures well separated medially, but becoming very close at extreme sides, apical margin abruptly depressed, yellowish-hyaline, densely white fasciate. lateral margins of the dorsal face conspicuously white tomentose; transverse grooves of terga 2 and 3 very deep and complete sub-basal on 2 and subapical on 3, but becoming more nearly basal on each one at extreme sides, punctures on basal side coarse, deep, close and quite regular, apical margin of groove more or less impunctate, medially, becoming more coarsely and closely punctate at each extreme side, apical margins abruptly depressed, yellowish-hyaline, densely white fasciate, tergum 2 with a pair of much elongated and very narrow and deep foveae on each side, just apical to the groove; terga 4 and 5 white fasciate across base, apical margins deeply depressed and fasciate at extreme sides, punctures coarse, deep, distinct, close laterally, somewhat more widely separated medially; tergum 6 fasciate across base, surface densely and irregularly rugoso-punctate, rather finely so at sides, with a deep, median concavity, dorsal protuberances short, somewhat divergent, broadly rounded or subtruncate, the ventral spines more elongate and parallel, narrowly sub- truncate apically, lateral spines rather elongate and slender (fig. 66); sterna 1-4 shining, coarsely, deeply and closely punctate, apical margins abruptly depressed, yellowish-hyaline, densely white fasciate on 2 and 3, fasciate toward sides on 4, disc of 4 not emarginate medially but the depressed margin with a very narrow emargination; sternum 5 largely retracted, apical margin slightly incurved medially, with a rather dense, apical fringe on each side; sterna 6 and 8 entirely retracted, 8 rather narrowly subtruncate apically; penis valves of genital armature fully equal to gonocoxites in length, the gonocoxites somewhat compressed, bearing copious elongate and erect pubescence.
DISTRIBUTION: British Columbia and California to Nova Scotia, the New England states, North Carolina and Georgia; June to October.
FLOWER RECORDS: Asclepias, Baptisia, Helianthus, Melilotus, Rudbeckia, Solidago, Spiraea and Vicia. Robertson (1929) lists the following additional plant genera: Aster, Blephilia, Lobelia, Monarda, Petalostemum and Verbesina.
HOSTS: Megachile latimanus Say and M. melanophoea Smith.
The subspecific designation of rufitarsis is made necessary by the present recognition of two additional subspecies in the western states.
Coelioxys rufitarsis Simith
Extracted from: Baker J.R., (1975). Taxonomy of Five Nearctic Subgenera of Coelioxys (Hymenoptera; Megachilidae). The University of Kansas Science Bulletin Vol. 50, No. 12, pp.649-730.
FEMALE. (1) Length 11-13 mm; (2) integument granular on vertex between punctures and on thorax; black, dark brown on ventral surface of tergum 1, legs distal to coxae black to ferruginous; (3) pubescence white, golden on tarsi; (4) ocular hairs long (about 0.15 mm); (5) clypeus uniformly covered with short, appressed setae, surface visible, margin irregular (Fig. 22B); (6) clypeoantennal distance shorter than lateral margin of clypeus; (7) paraocular area hidden by setae about 0.25 mm long; (8) rest of face rugose, closely punctured up to ocellar area except for small median impunctate ridge between antennae; (9) clypeoantennal distance less than interantennal and greater than antennocular distances; (10) ocellar area closely punctate; (11) interocellar distance greater than ocelloccipital and less than ocellocular distances; (12) vertex moderately punctate (Fig. 21); (13) gena narrower than eye, integument visible, ventral angle about 90 degrees; (14) hypostomal area of gena with setae longer than on disc; (15) mandibles short, broad (Fig. 22B); (16) scutum with slender, erect hair on disc (Fig. 21); (17) lateral surface of mesepisternum closely punctate with long (about 035 mm), slender setae which usually form anterior and posterior fasciae; (18) scutellum with posterior margin of dorsal surface rounded (Fig. 21); (19) axilla well produced (Fig. 21); (20) metanotal setae erect except for 1-3 or 4 prostrate in center; (21) front coxal spine subtriangular, inconspicuous; (22) terga 2, 3 with conspicuous gradular grooves, terga 1-5 with conspicuous apical fasciae, tergum 6 angled with very small setae at angles which resemble velvet in dorsal view (Fig. 21); (23) sterna 1-5 fasciate apically, fasciae of sterna 2-4 usually interrupted medially, sterna 1-4 and basal area of sternum 5 deeply and evenly punctured, sternum 5 apically very closely and shallowly punctured, sternum 6 with indistinct elongate punctures medially, broadly lanceolate apically (Fig. 21).
MALE. (24) Length 9.5-12 mm; (25) integument as in female (2 above), venter of abdomen black to dark brown; (26) pubescence white, white to yellow on face, white to pale brown on thorax, golden on tarsi; (27) ocular hairs long (about 0.15 mm); (28) clypeus hidden by copious long (about 0.45 mm) setae, surface rugose and shiny; clypeal margin slightly emarginated with 5 small denticles; (29) clypeo-antennal distance as in female (6 above); (30) paraocular area hidden by long setae (about 0.6 mm); (31) rest of face rugose with median, short (0.25 mm), impunctate line usually obscured by copious setae up to 0.45 mm long; (32) inter-antennal, clypeo-antennal, antennocular distances as in female (9 above); (33) ocellar area as in female (10 above); (34) interocellar and ocelloccipital distances equal, less than ocellocular distance; (35) vertex as in female (12 above); (36) gena as in female (13 above) but ventral angle greater than 90 degrees; (37) hypostomal area of gena modified into distinct excavation (as in Fig. 4), anterior portion with setae as in female (14 above), posterior portion with integument clearly visible; (38) mandible, scutum, mesepisternum, scutellum, axilla, metanotal setae as in female (15-20 above); (44) front coxal spine long (about 0.25 mm) and broad (about 0.2 mm) with setae on dorsal and ventral surfaces, rounded apically, directed anteriorly; (45) terga with apical fasciae diminishing posteriorly, gradular grooves of terga 4-6 with fasciae, fovea on tergum 2 less than 0.05 mm long and 03-0.5 mm wide (Fig. 25C), tergum 6 with dorsal spines stouter than ventral spines (Fig. 25C); tergum 7 un-modified (Fig. 26A); (46) sterna 1-4 evenly punctate with small slender seta in each puncture, fasciate apically, sternum 1 fasciate medially; (47) sternum 4 sub-margically carinate, apex emarginate to bidentate, margin of sternum 5 slighdy emarginate (Fig. 26B), sternum 6 with copious setae lateroapically (Fig. 26C), sternum 7 with two sclerotized areas (Fig. 26D), sternum 8 with base broad (Fig. 26E), genital armature with abundant setae on gonocoxite apically (Fig. 26F).
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Extracted from: Theodore B Mitchell. A Subgeneric
Revision of the Bees of the Genus Coelioxys of the Western Hemisphere. Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University. 1973
Female
HEAD: 1. Ratio of median length to maximum width, in facial view - 32:49.
2. Eyes - Length, 33; lateral width, 13; ratio of upper, to maximum, to lower interspaces - 28:31:23. Normally convergent below (A-3); inner margins nearly straight (B-2); orbital hairs short, 1.0 (C-2).
3. Clypeus - Median length, 12; basal width, 11; apical width, 22.Surface slightly convex (A-2); apical margin straight (B-l) and dentate or tuberculate (C-2)median length equal to basal width (D-l); apical width twice the basal width (E-l).
4. Supraclypeal area - Very slightly convex (A-2); median length less than that of clypeus (B-l)
5. Parocular areas - Surface below level of antennae quite flat (A-l); maximum width about two-thirds width of clypeus at base (B-3); carina distinct, slightly separated from eye by a narrow groove, and neither elevated below not expanded above (C-l).
6. Subocellar area - Surface slightly convex (A-2) ; densely punctate or rugose (B-l), with a rosette of fine pale hairs radiating from median ocellus laterally and ventrally.
7. Antennal sockets - Distance to eyes, 6.5; to clypeus, 9; to median ocellus, 10; and to each other, 10. Sockets nearer eyes than to clypeus (A-2), to each other (B-2), and to median ocellus (C-2); subequally distant from clypeus and each other (D-l), and from median ocellus (E-l); and equidistant from median ocellus and each other (F-l).
8. Antennae - Relative lengths of scape, 8; pedicel, 3; flagellar segment one, 5; two, 5.5; six, 5; ten, 7.5; breadth of six, 4. Median flagellar segments longer than their breadth (A-3) ; apical segment slightly shorter than scape (B-2).
9. Vertex - Surface nearly flat (A-2),but ocellar triangle somewhat elevated; occipital margin strongly incurved (B-2), and not carinate (C-2).
10. Lateral ocelli - Distance to eyes,7.5; to occipital margin, 5; to each other, 6.5. Nearer occipital margin than to eyes (A-2), and to each other (B-2); nearer each other than to eyes (C-2).
11. Genae - Maximum width much exceeded by width of eye in lateral view, 9:13(A-2); narrowed below (B-l) where it is slightly concave (C-l); occipital margin carinate (D-l), forming an obscure, subacute angle with the hypostomal carina.
12. Labrum - Median length equal to basal width (A-l).
13. Mandible - Median tooth nearer apex than to inner tooth (A-2); inner tooth not much larger than median tooth (B-l) ; outer margin curved apically (C-l).
14. Labial palpi - Segment 1 much shorter than segment 2, 10:15 (A-2).
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