Smithsonian Institution, Entomology Department · 9
Andrena helianthi, female, face |
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Smithsonian Institution, Entomology Department · 9
Andrena helianthi, female, side |
Smithsonian Institution, Entomology Department · 9
Andrena helianthi, female, top |
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Smithsonian Institution, Entomology Department · 9
Andrena helianthi, female, wing |
© Copyright source/photographer
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Andrena helianthi, back, Hartville, OH |
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© Copyright source/photographer
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Andrena helianthi, face, Hartville, OH |
© Copyright source/photographer
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Andrena helianthi, right, Hartville, OH |
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© Copyright Laurence Packer 2014
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Andrena helianthi FEM mm x f |
© Copyright Laurence Packer 2014
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Andrena helianthi MALE CFP comp |
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Michael Veit · 6
Andrena helianthi, f on Heliiops -- |
Michael Veit · 6
Andrena helianthi, f on Heliiops -- |
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Michael Veit · 6
Andrena helianthi, f on Heliopsi -- |
Michael Veit · 6
Andrena helianthi, m on Bidens -- |
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Michael Veit · 6
Andrena helianthi, m on Bidens -- |
© Copyright source/photographer
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Andrena helianthi, U, back, Conneticut, New Haven County |
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Overview |
Reprinted with permission of the University of Nebraska State Museum from:
LaBerge, W. E. 1967. A revision of the bees of the genus Andrena of the Western Hemisphere. Part I. Callandrena (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae). Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum 7: 1-316.
Please report text errors to: leah at discoverlife dot org.
This is a large common bee of the Northcentral, Midwestern and Rocky Mountain States. A. helianthi is not closely related to any of the foregoing species of Andrena. It is being described here as a typical species of the helianthi-group. The females are distinctive in having a very shiny, black, somewhat flattened and protruding clypeus. The males have a shiny yellow clypeus and black parocular areas. In both sexes the vertex is short and the labial palpus is shorter than in the preceding species and has the first or basal segment flattened and strongly curved. The females of helianthi have the propodeal corbicula incomplete anteriorly, with abundant long internal hairs, the middle basitarsus not markedly expanded medially, the propodeal enclosure tessellate, and the terga weakly banded. The males are marked by the red to yellow tarsi (usually the tibia is also in part light-colored), the terga with hyaline apices and weak hair bands, and the sixth sternum not reflexed at the apex.
FEMALE. MEASUREMENTS AND RATIOS. — N = 20; length, 12.0-15.0 mm; width, 3.5-5.0 mm; wing length, M = 4.75 ± 0.187 mm; FL/FW, M = 1.01 ± 0.004; FOVL/FOVW, M = 2.76 ± 0.041.
INTEGUMENTAL COLOR. — Black except as follows: flagellar segments 3-10 rufescent below; tegulae hyaline, yellowish; wing membranes hyaline, colorless, veins reddish-brown; terga very narrowly hyaline apically, often somewhat rufescent just basad of hyaline apex; pygidial plate rufescent; sterna 2-5 hyaline apically, largely rufescent with blotches of brown basally; tarsi red to yellow; hind tibiae usually rufescent in part; tibial spurs pale yellow.
STRUCTURE. — Scape subequal in length to flagellar segments 1-3 or slightly shorter; flagellar segment 1 longer than segments 2 plus 3, shorter than 2 through 4, segment 2 subequal in length to 5 or 4. Eye almost four times as long as broad, inner margins parallel or extremely slightly converging towards vertex. Malar space linear, more than six times as broad as long. Mandibles short, outer mandible in repose extends less than one-fourth its own length beyond middle of labrum, bidentate; ventrobasal lamella present but poorly developed. Galea dulled by fine regular tessellation, lateral surface equal in width to about one-third width of dorsal surface, curved evenly from dorsum to side. Maxillary palpus short, not reaching tip of galea when both stretched forward, segments in ratio of about 1.1:1.1:1.1:1.1:1.0:1.4, segments 3-5 subtriangular. Labial palpus with first segment flattened, strongly curved on both outer and inner margins, broadest near apex, segments in ratio of about 1.6:1.0:0.7:0.9. Labral process short, about four times as broad as long, simple or with vague, shallow, median emargination. Clypeus flattened medially, protruding beyond lower ends of eyes by half its median length or slightly more; punctures round, of rather irregular size, deep, laterally separated mostly by half a puncture width, medially by one-half to one or two punctures widths, surface shiny, unshagreened except peripherally, Supraclypeal area with minute punctures separated by our puncture width or less and coarse longitudinal shagreening dulling surface. Genal area distinctly broader than eye in profile but equals less than one and one-half eye widths, with minute punctures separated mostly by one to two puncture widths, impunctate in narrow zone next to eye, surface smooth and unshagreened next to eye, dulled posteriorly by coarse reticular shagreening. Vertex short, above lateral ocellus equals one ocellar diameter or slightly more, with crowded punctures above ocelli and scattered, sparse punctures laterally, surface dulled by fine tessellation, above facial fovea with 4 or 5 irregular rugulae following contour of fovea. Face above antennal fossae with longitudinal rugulae, interrugal spaces with minute punctures, surface dulled by sparse shagreening. Facial fovea shallow, extends to just below lower margin of antennal fossa, rarely to about middle of fossa, upper end broad, separated from lateral ocellus by half an ocellar diameter, lower end rounded but narrower and so shallow as to be indistinct.
Pronotum normal, with minute, indistinct punctures above, becoming coarser and well-separated at sides, surface dulled by fine reticular shagreening above and coarser reticular shagreening on sides. Mesoscutum, scutellum, and metanotum with fine, round, shallow, indistinct punctures separated mostly by one-half to one puncture width, slightly more distinct peripherally on mesoscutum and scutellum, surfaces dulled by fine regular tessellation. Tegulae normal, impunctate. Propodeum with enclosure with sides straight or slightly concave, surface regularly tessellate, often with extremely short, indistinct, irregular rugulae at extreme base; dorsolateral and posterior surfaces with small punctures separated by one to two puncture widths, surfaces dulled by coarse tessellation; corbicular area with small scattered punctures in upper half or more, surface moderately shiny, with coarse reticular shagreening. Mesepisternum sculptured like mesoscutum but punctures more evident. Metepisternum with lower part sculptured like corbicular area but without punctures. Middle basitarsus not expanded medially, with evenly rounded sides, about as broad as hind basitarsus or slightly narrower. Tibial spurs and claws normal. Front wing with three submarginal cells; vein 1st m-cu meets second submarginal cell before or near middle of cell; pterostigma narrower than from inner margin of prestigma to wing margin, basal portion considerably longer than prestigma and about twice as long as apical portion.
Metasomal terga 1-4 except in apical areas usually appear virtually impunctate except under high magnification.
Metasomal tergum 1 with minute punctures not much larger than minute tesserae dulling surface, punctures separated mostly by 4 or more puncture widths. Terga 2-4 similar but punctures become progressively more abundant on succeeding terga and apical areas of each with minute punctures separated mostly by one puncture width or slightly more, surfaces dulled by fine tessellation. Tergum 5 coarsely punctate, punctures well separated, dulled by fine shagreening. Pygidial plate narrow, V-shaped with small truncate apex. Sterna 3-5 with apical areas impunctate, basal areas with punctures crowded near apical area and sparser basad, surfaces moderately dulled by regular shagreening.
VESTITURE. — Generally yellowish or dark ochraceous, often vertex of head and thoracic dorsum somewhat reddened, almost fox-red. Tergum 1 lacks apical pale fascia, terga 2-5 with apical pale fasciae but always interrupted medially on tergum 2 and occasionally on 3. Fasciae and long hairs of terga 5 and 6 pale ochraceous. Sternal hairs forming bands of long hairs near apices, pale ochraceous. Propodeal corbicula incomplete anteriorly, with abundant, long, simple, internal hairs. Trochanteral flocculus complete. Tibial scopal hairs plumose throughout, of normal length. Leg hairs pale ochraceous except inner surfaces tarsi more golden yellow or slightly reddened.
MALE. MEASUREMENTS AND RATIOS. — N = 20; length, 10.0-12.5 mm; width, 2.5-4.5 mm; wing length, M = 4.23 ± 0.221 mm; FL/FW, M = 1.04 ± 0.004; FS1/FS2, M = 2.11 ± 0.039.
INTEGUMENTAL COLOR. — As in female except as follows: clypeus yellow except testaceous to brown apical margin, small dark spots mesad and below tentorial pits, and lateral angles brown; flagellar segments 3-11 rufescent below; terga 1-6 rather broadly hyaline apically and rufescent just basad of hyaline areas, hyaline apices yellowish; legs with tarsi orange to yellow and at least apices of middle and hind tibia red, occasionally hind tibia mostly red.
STRUCTURE. — Antennae extend to posterior margins of tegulae in repose; scape slightly shorter than flagellar segments 1-3; flagellar segment 1 subequal in length to segments 2 plus 3, segment 2 slightly shorter than 3 and 3 slightly shorter than 4. Eye about three and one-half times as long as broad or slightly longer, inner margins parallel. Malar space, mandibles, and galea as in female. Maxillary palpus as in female, but segmental ratio about 1.3:1.2:1.0:0.9:0.8:1.1. Labial palpus as in female but ratio about 2.7:1.5:1.0:1.5. labial process as in female. Clypeus and supraclypeal area as in female but clypeus less flattened medially and punctures slight coarser and usually sparser medially. Genal area, vertex, and face above antennal fossae as in female but face with fine longitudinal rugulae reaching vertex between lateral ocelli and compound eyes. Sculpturing of thorax as in female except as follows: propodeum with lateral surfaces with more abundant punctures and dulled by tessellation. Wings, claws and tibial spurs as in female. Terga 1-5 as in female terga 1-4 but punctures slightly more distinct. Sterna 2-5 apically with broad hyaline areas impunctate, basally with scattered small punctures separated mostly by 4 to 5 puncture widths, surface moderately dulled by reticular shagreening. Sternum 6 flat, not reflexed at apex, with apicomedian V-shaped emargination.
Genital capsule and sterna 7 and 8 (Figs. 94-98) as figured. Note the following structures: gonoforceps abruptly narrowed near apex; dorsal lobes of gonocoxites moderately long; volsellae small; sternum 7 with deep apical emargination with broad apicolateral lobes; sternum. 8 with neck region somewhat swollen, apical emargination broad and extremely shallow.
VESTITURE. — In general pale ochraceous to ochraceous, slightly darker on vertex of head and thoracic dorsum. Tergum 1 without pale apical band. Tergum 2 with pale apical band broadly interrupted medially, usually by at least one-third width of tergum. Tergum 3 with more narrowly interrupted pale apical band. Terga 4 and 5 with complete pale apical bands. Terga 6 and 7 with long pale ochraceous hairs. Sternal hairs pale ochraceous, diffuse, long, long, not forming subapical bands. Leg hairs white to pale ochraceous except inner surfaces tarsi yellow.
TYPE MATERIAL. — The lectotype male (Robertson No. 7019) of helianthi, lectoallotype female of helianthi (Robertson No. 6955), from Carlinville, Illinois, September 12-25, 1887, were collected on flowers of Helianthus grosse-serratus by Charles Robertson (INHS). Eleven female and seven male paratypes were taken with the lectotype and lectoallotype and these are also at Urbana. The holotype female of nitidior Cockerell, from San Ignacio, New Mexico, was collected by W. Porter, September 1, 1899 (USNM No. 18,929). The holotype female of graenicheri Cockerell from Milwaukee, Wisconsin, was collected by S. Graenicher, August 28th (USNM No. 18,917). The holotype female of lincolnella Viereck and Cockerell (NSM) is presumably from Lincoln, Nebraska.
DISTRIBUTION. — The known distribution (Fig. 8) of A. helianthi includes the region from the Canadian Provinces of Alberta, Manitoba, and Quebec south to Arizona and New Mexico in the west and Kansas, Indiana, and Virginia in the east and from northeastern California and southeastern Oregon east to New Hampshire, New Jersey, and Virginia. This species has been taken from July Kith through September 30th but chiefly during August. A total of 558 females and 327 males have been examined in addition to the 1.;type material mentioned above. The localities of these records are listed below together with all published records.
ARIZONA: Flagstaff; Fredonia; Nutrioso (8 miles N.); Oak Creek Canyon; Sanders, Apache Co.; Snobowl (15 miles N.W. of Flagstaff), Coconino Co. CALIFORNIA: Montague, Siskiyou Co.; Standish (5 miles W.), Lassen Co. COLORADO: Alder; Arriba; Aurora; Berkeley; Boulder; Boulder Co.; Canfield; Coal Creek, Boulder Co.; Coaldale, Fremont Co.; Elbert (Hubbard Ranch), Elbert Co.; Fort Collins; La Junta; Limon; Morley; Pikes Peak (9000 feet alt.); Steamboat Springs; Wray. ILLINOIS: Ashkum; Bath; Bluffs, Scott Co.; Carlinville; Champaign; Chicago; Cicero; Cook Co.; Dupo; Fulton; Mahomet; Normal; Oak Park; Rockford; Starved Rock; Urbana. INDIANA: Lafayette. IOWA: Davis Co.; Dickinson; Don Green's Slough, Clay Co.; Sioux City; Stone State Park (near Sioux City). KANSAS: Allen County; Baldwin; Clay Co.; Douglas Co.; Ellis; Greeley Co.; Hays; Lawrence; Manhattan; Montgomery Co.; Natural History Reservation, Douglas Co.; Norton County; Ottawa; Smith Co. MICHIGAN: Jackson; Lenawee Co. MINNESOTA: Ashby; Benton Co.; big Stone Co.; Fairmont; Freeborn Co.; Grant Co.; Hastings; Hennepin Co.; Itasca State Park; Lake Vadnais, Ramsey Co.; Mount Springs State Park, Rock Co.; Park Rapids; Ramsey Co. (Powder Plant Woods and Mid-hills Golf Club); Renville; Rochester; Sedan; St. Paul; Stanton; Taylor Falls; Xumbra Heights, Carver Co. MISSOURI: Hannibal; Kansas City; St. Louis. MONTANA: "Montana." NEBRASKA: Agate, Sioux Co.; Bridgeport; Glen, Sioux Co.; Granada; Halsey; Hastings; Henderson; Lincoln; Long Pine; Malcolm; Mitchell; Monroe Canyon, Sioux Co.; Nebraska City; Niobrara; Omaha; Roca; Valentine (30 miles S.); Wabash; West Point. NEVADA: Panaca, Lincoln Co, NEW HAMPSHIRE: Pelham. NEW JERSEY: Englewood; Kearney; Newark; Ramsey; Trenton. NEW MEXICO: Albuquerque; Beulah; Carrizo/o; Grants; Jemez Springs; Las Vegas; Maxwell; Mountain Park (3 miles W.); Pecos; Rociada; San Ignacio; San Mateo, Valencia Co.; Tularosa, Otero Co. NEW YORK: Flatbush; Flushing, Long Island; Hillsdale; New Lots, Long Island; Riverhead, Long Island; Tuxedo Park; White Plains. NORTH DAKOTA: Bottineau; Dickinson; Edmore; Fargo (and 7 miles N.); Gardner (1 mile S.); Grand Forks; Lakota; McLeod, Ransom Co. (1 miles S.E.); Minot; Minto (12 miles S.E.); Monango; Sheldon (7 miles S.E,); Tower City; Valley City; Williston. OHIO: Starr Co., OREGON: Huntington (4 miles W.), Baker Co. PENNSYLVANIA; Galeton (8 miles E.); Alleghany Co. (Sample Station). SOUTH DAKOTA: Brookings; Houghton; Ravinia; Volga. UTAH: Cornish; Delta; Fillmore; Millard Co.; Garfield; Hinckley; Indianola; Lehi; Logan; Moriarty; Newton; Ogden; Petersboro; Price, Carbon Co.; Promontory; Salt Lake City; Sugarville; Thistle; Topaz; Vernal; Wellsville Canyon (near Wellsville); Zion National Park. VIRGINIA: Fairfax Co.; Kearny, Arlington Co.; Vienna (and 2 miles W.). WISCONSIN: Farmington, Polk Co.; Fountain City, Buffalo Co.; Madison; Maiden Rock, Pierce Co.; Milwaukee; Racine. WYOMING: Cheyenne; Gillette (12 miles E.); Hodman's Ranch, Platte Co.; Worland. Canada. ALBERTA: Lethbridge; Magrath; Medicine Hat. MANITOBA: Altona; Aweme; Brandon. QUEBEC: Montreal; Mt. Royal.
FLORAL RECORDS. — Andrena helianthi is an oligolege of the Compositae and, in particular, seems to prefer flowers of the genus Helianthus. This is supported by Charles Robertson in his detailed observations in southern Illinois (Robertson, 1925 and 1926). Table 3 summarizes floral data available to the author. Below are listed the plants from whose flowers this species has been collected. This list includes published records.
Aster sp., A. novaeangliae, Bidens sp., B. aristosa, Chrysothamnus sp., C. nauseosus, Cirsium undulatum, Cleoma serrulata, Gilia sp., Gutierrezia sarothrae, Helianthus sp., H. annuus, H. coloradinus, H. coronatus, H. divaricatus, H. giganteus, H. grosse-serratus, H. maximilliani, H. petiolaris, H. rigidus, H. subrhomboideus, H. tuberosus, Medicago sativa, Rudbeckia laciniata, Silphium perfoliatum, Solidago sp., S. canadensis, S. rigida, Verbesina encelioides, V. oreophila.
Reprinted with permission from: Mitchell, T.B. 1960. Bees of the Eastern United States. North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin No. 141.
FEMALE — Length 12 mm.; clypeus slightly convex, projecting about one-third below suborbital line, smooth and shining, with a rather indefinite, median, subimpunctate area, punctures on each side of this quite close, coarse and deep; facial foveae short and narrow, occupying above but very little more than half of space between eyes and ocelli (resembling those of duplicata, fig. 26), covered with yellowish-white tomentum; space between margin of vertex and lateral ocelli slightly greater than their diameter; cheeks slightly broader than eyes, rounded posteriorly, somewhat shining, punctures shallow and irregular, minute along eye margin, more coarse and widely separated otherwise; malar space very short; basal segment of flagellum somewhat longer than 2nd and 3rd combined; process of labrum rather broadly semicircular, length about half the breadth, not at all emarginate; pubescence of head, thorax and legs entirely pale ochraceous, thoracic integument dull, tessellate, punctures of scutum very fine, shallow and obscure, rather close anteriorly, becoming quite sparse posteriorly, where surface is more shining, hardly visible on the somewhat shining scutellum; pleura without visible punctures; dorsal area of propodeum narrowly oblique, triangle with some obscure basal striations; propodeal corbicula rather well developed, pale ochraceous, without a distinct anterior fringe; trochanteral floccus quite well developed, elongate, pale ochraceous; hind tibiae rather slender and elongate, apex not much exceeding width of basitarsus, scopa dense, of rather densely plumose hairs, entirely pale ochraceous; front and middle basitarsi nearly equaling their tibiae in width; 2nd submarginal cell slightly shorter than 3rd, receiving 1st recurrent near middle; abdominal terga rather smooth, dull, finely tessellate, punctures very shallow and obscure, quite sparse, apical impressed area quite shallow, occupying medially about one-third length of discs, mostly yellowish-hyaline, discal pubescence extremely short, sparse and obscure, entirely pale, terga 2-4 with very thin, obscure, whitish apical fasciae, these sometimes inevident, tergum 5 with a pale brownish, apical fimbria.
MALE — Length 11 mm.; face slightly longer than broad; clypeus slightly convex, projecting about one-half below suborbital line, yellow, except for a pair of small black spots, a blackish apical margin and some infusion of black at extreme sides, smooth and shining, finely but rather deeply and distinctly punctate, punctures well separated medially, becoming quite close at extreme sides; space between margin of vertex and lateral ocelli, subequal to their diameter; cheeks somewhat broader than eyes, rounded posteriorly, rather dull, punctures u-ell separated, shallow, rather fine and obscure; malar space distinct, but quite short; basal segment of flagellum subequal to 2nd and 3rd combined; process of labrum broadly semicircular, width more than twice the median length; mandibles of moderate length, with a distinct inner subapical tooth, overlapping nearly one-third; pubescence of head, thorax and legs entirely pale ochraceous, quite long and dense; thoracic integument dull, quite densely tessellate, punctures of scutum very obscure, shallow, fine, apparently rather close anteriorly, but becoming very sparse posteriorly, those on scutellum very minute and obscure; pleura finely roughened, punctures very indefinite and obscure; dorsal area of propodeum nearly vertical, triangle finely substriate along basal margin; basitarsi ferruginous, slender and elongate, considerably narrower than their respective tibiae, hind tibiae more or less ferruginous; 2nd submarginal cell slightly shorter than 3rd, receiving 1st recurrent slightly beyond middle; abdominal terga smooth but dull, microscopically tessellate, very minutely punctate, the punctures well separated but hardly sparse, apical impressed areas shallow but rather broad, occupying at least one-third median length of disc, yellowish-hyaline, all terga with thin, pale ochraceous, apical fasciae, more evident laterally, largely lacking medially; apical portion of sternum 8 rather robust, slender just beyond base, slightly dilated toward apex which is rather broadly truncate, with a slight median emargination, apical half clothed beneath with rather dense, short pubescence; penis valves quite slender apically, slightly broadened toward base, gonocoxal lobes elongate, slightly dilated just before apex, but then constricted apically to EL rather narrowly rounded tip, gonocoxal lobes strongly produced, narrowly rounded apically.
DISTRIBUTION — Minnesota to Connecticut, south to Illinois and Indiana, west to Utah and New Mexico; July and August.
FLOWER RECORDS — Robertson (1929) records this species on Aster novaeangliae, Bidens aristosa and several species of Helianthus.
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References |
Andrena helianthi Robertson, 1891, Transactions of the American Entomological Society, vol. 18, p. 55; Cockerell, 1900, Annals of the Magazine of Natural History, ser. 7, vol. 5, p. 405; Graenicher, 1905, Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, vol. 15, pp. 92, 94; 1911, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee, vol. 1, pp. 222; Leonard, 1928, Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, Memoirs 101, p. 1023; Cockerell, 1931, American Museum Novitates No. 458, p. 11; Stevens, 1949, Bimonthly Bulletin of the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station, vol. 12, p. 21.
Pterandrena helianthi: Robertson, 1902, Transactions of the American Entomological Society, vol. 28, p. 194; 1914, Entomological News, vol. 25, p. 70; 1925, Ecology, vol. 6, p. 426; 1926, Ecology, vol. 7, p. 379; 1929, Flowers and Insects, p. 10; Pearson, 1933, Ecology Monographs, vol. 3, p. 383.
Andrena (Pterandrena) helianthi: Lanham, 1949, University of California Publications in Entomology, vol. 8, p. 200; Bohart, Knowlton, Bailey, 1950, Utah State College, Mimeograph Series No. 371, p. 3; Mitchell, 1960, North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin of the No. 141, pp. 147-148.
Andrena nitidior Cockerell, 1900, Annals of the Magazine of Natural History, ser. 7, vol. 5, p. 406 (new synonymy).
Andrena graenicheri Cockerell, 1902, Annals of the Magazine of Natural History, ser. 7, vol. 9, p. 104 (new synonymy); Graenicher, 1905, Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, vol. 15, p. 92.
Andrena lincolnella Viereck and Cockerell, 1914, Proceedings of the United States National Museum, vol. 48, p. 46 (new synonymy).
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Updated: 2024-04-27 00:32:43 gmt
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